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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2343" ID-GBIF-Dataset="648355ea-09d0-441c-89ae-8f56c9b3cd96" ID-PMC="PMC3234407" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-149-31" ID-PubMed="22207792" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-149-31" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 149" ModsDocTitle="Pterospoda nigrescens (Hulst), a synonym of Ixala klotsi Sperry (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)" checkinTime="1451249589063" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ferris, Clifford D. &amp; Schmidt, B. Christian" docDate="2011" docId="84B373BBDBC0386E82AB5D421BDC699A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 149: 31-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 149" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2343" docTitle="nigrescens" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="C623EF05E906927AFFBD7F2BFFD40469" masterDocTitle="Pterospoda nigrescens (Hulst), a synonym of Ixala klotsi Sperry (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1668152812652" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Pterospoda nigrescens (Hulst), a synonym of Ixala klotsi Sperry (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ferris, Clifford D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schmidt, B. Christian</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>149</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>31</mods:start>
<mods:end>37</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2343</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2343</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-149-31</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032295" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84B373BBDBC0386E82AB5D421BDC699A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/84B373BBDBC0386E82AB5D421BDC699A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pterospoda_nigrescens" authority="Hulst" genus="Nigrescens" lsidName="nigrescens" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">Pterospoda nigrescens (Hulst)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Selidosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selidosema nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Selidosema nigrescens</taxonomicName>
Hulst, 1898:214.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ixala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ixala klotsi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klotsi">Ixala klotsi</taxonomicName>
Sperry, 1940: 146. syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Selidosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selidosema nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Selidosema nigrescens</taxonomicName>
. Female lectotype [here designated], Texas, [Bexar Co.], San Antonio [AMNH] (Fig. 1). A label for the lectotype will be added as follows: &quot;Lectotype /
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Selidosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selidosema nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Selidosema / nigrescens</taxonomicName>
Hulst, 1898 / Ferris &amp; Schmidt 2011.&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ixala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ixala klotsi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klotsi">Ixala klotsi</taxonomicName>
. Male holotype, Arizona, [Pima Co.], Baboquivari Mts. 24 April, 1938, Grace H. and John L. Sperry [CNC] (Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
Figures 1-7.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Pterospoda nigrescens</taxonomicName>
. 1 Lectotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda nigrescen" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescen">Pterospoda nigrescen</taxonomicName>
s 2 Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ixala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ixala klotsi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klotsi">Ixala klotsi</taxonomicName>
3 male AZ Cochise Co. 4 male AZ Pima Co. 5 male TX Val Verde Co. 6 female AZ Santa Cruz Co. 7 female TX Brewster Co.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="other material examined">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
USA.Arizona. Cochise Co.: Forest Road 42B, Coronado Nat. For., 1525m, 19.viii.1981, C. D. Ferris (1m); Guadalupe Canyon, 8.viii.1979, C. D. Ferris (1m); Gray Hawk Nature Preserve, 1235 m, 10.ix.2010, C. D. Ferris (1f). Pima Co.: Baboquivari Mtns., 15. iv [no year], S.E. Cassino (2m); Baboquivari Mts., Brown Canyon, 1183 m, 18.viii.2006, C. D. Ferris (1m), 27.vii.2007, C. D. Ferris (8m, 2f); Baboquivari Mtns., Brown Cyn., 22.iv.2006, B. Walsh (3m); 10.vii.2005 (1m); 2.viii.2008, B. C. Schmidt (2m); base of Tortolita Mts., 888 m, all C. D. Ferris, 4-8.iv.2003 (1m, 1f), 27-28.ix.2003 (2m, 2f), 24.x.2003 (1f), 4.x.2004 (1f), 4-11.iv.2005 (1m, 1f), 24.x.05 (1m), 9.x.2006 (1f). Santa Cruz Co., all C. D. Ferris. Patagonia, 1235 m, 8.viii.2009 (1f);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
Blanca Canyon, 1200 m, 8.ix.2010 (6m, 1f). Texas. Brewster Co. Green Gulch, Big Bend N. P., 6-10.ix.2008 (1f), B[ordelon]/K[nudson]. Sinton Co., Welder Refuge 4.iv.1981 (1f). Uvalde Co., Concan,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Neal’s">Neal's</normalizedToken>
Lodges, 9.iv.1990, N. McFarland (1m, 1f); Concan, 25.iii.1985, E. Knudson (1m). Val Verde Co., Del Rio, 25.iv.1959, M.R. MacKay (1m, 1f), 4.x.1994 (1m), E. Knudson. MEXICO. Durango: 25 mi. W. of Durango, 7500' 6.v.1961, H. Howden &amp; J.E.H. Martin (1m); 10 mi. W. of Durango, 7500', 15.v.1964, W.C. McGuffin (1m, 1f); 5 mi. W. of Durango, 6500' 11.vi.964, J.E.H. Martin (1f).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="33" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
The type specimen of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Selidosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selidosema nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Selidosema nigrescens</taxonomicName>
in AMNH does not bear a holotype label. Hulst stated in his description: &quot;...all the specimens before me are females.&quot; The specimen label data agree with
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hulst’s">Hulst's</normalizedToken>
description, and we therefore consider this specimen to be a syntype. The locations of the other syntypes are unknown. In order to ensure stability of the name, we designate this specimen as the lectotype (Fig. 1). The holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ixala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ixala klotsi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klotsi">Ixala klotsi</taxonomicName>
and additional specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Pterospoda nigrescens</taxonomicName>
are illustrated in Figs 1-7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
Genitalia structure (Figs. 8-13). The orientation and degree of flattening of the male genital capsule produces different aspects. The natural position is shown for the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ixala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ixala klots" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klots">Ixala klots</taxonomicName>
i (Fig. 8). A partially flattened preparation is shown in Fig. 9, and strongly flattened preparations in Figs 10-11, in which the approximately semicircular projections (indicated by arrows) at the base of the costa become evident. The number and positions of the spines on the everted vesicae are somewhat variable, suggesting that the spines are partially deciduous. The balsam genitalia slide of the female lectotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Pterospoda nigrescens</taxonomicName>
was made in 1950 without use of stains, and the tissues were strongly cleared. There is very little contrast between the preparation and the now yellowed balsam, and we were unable to obtain a photograph suitable for publication. The form of the genitalia is consistent with specimens from Texas (Fig. 13) and Arizona (Fig. 12). The corpus bursae of the Texas specimen (Fig.13) appears slightly smaller than that of the Arizona specimen (Fig. 12). Upon dissection, it was found to be only partially expanded, and was mechanically manipulated into the position shown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ixala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ixala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ixala</taxonomicName>
Hulst and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospoda</taxonomicName>
Dyar were placed in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="tribe" tribe="Caberini">Caberini</taxonomicName>
along with 11 other genera by
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ferguson (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, the most recent tribal classification for this primarily North American tribe. Only
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospoda</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sericosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericosema" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericosema</taxonomicName>
Warren enter the Neotropical region in Mexico (
<bibRefCitation author="Pitkin, LM" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="121 - 401" title="Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)." url="doi: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.01200.x" volume="135" year="2002">Pitkin 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Rindge, FH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="231 - 298" title="A revision of the geometrid moths formerly assigned to Drepanulatrix (Lepidoptera)." volume="94" year="1949">Rindge (1949)</bibRefCitation>
revised the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanulatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drepanulatrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Drepanulatrix</taxonomicName>
group of genera, but the remaining genera in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="tribe" tribe="Caberini">Caberini</taxonomicName>
are in need of revision. For example, preliminary data suggest that both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ixala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ixala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ixala</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospoda</taxonomicName>
as currently defined are not natural groups;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda opuscularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuscularia">Pterospoda opuscularia</taxonomicName>
(Hulst), the type-species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospoda</taxonomicName>
, is more closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Apodrepanulatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apodrepanulatrix litaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litaria">Apodrepanulatrix litaria</taxonomicName>
(Hulst), and the remaining species in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ixala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ixala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ixala</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospoda</taxonomicName>
have little in common in both facies and genitalic structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Pterospoda nigrescens</taxonomicName>
occurs at moderate elevations in arid scrub and open woodland habitat, ranging from south-eastern Arizona and the Edwards Plateau of west-central Texas south to at least Durango, Mexico (Fig. 14). It is not known from New Mexico, but should occur there. Collection dates indicate at least two annual flights, primarily in April and August in Arizona. In Pima Co., AZ, Ray Nagle (Tucson, AZ) has reared the moth on a
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Condalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Condalia" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Condalia</taxonomicName>
species, probably
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Condalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Condalia warnockii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="warnockii">Condalia warnockii</taxonomicName>
var. kearneyana M. C. Johnson (
<taxonomicName genus="Rhamnaceae" lsidName="Rhamnaceae" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="genus">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
Figures 8-13.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda nigrescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Pterospoda nigrescens</taxonomicName>
genitalia. 8 genitalia of 19 genitalia of 410 male AZ Pima Co. 11 genitalia of 512 female AZ Pima Co. 13 genitalia of 7
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
Figure 14. Distribution map for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pterospoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospoda nigrescen" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescen">Pterospoda nigrescen</taxonomicName>
s.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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