306 lines
34 KiB
XML
306 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="F023FA6DE9C570FEE8942AAD12903647" ID-CLB-Dataset="292126" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2017.1291116" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f6f446e4-58a8-41a8-b4e7-fcc8d1df2cbd" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883220" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711483684759" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Massare, Judy A. & Lomax, Dean R." docDate="2018" docId="845787D66553FF87FC131B2EFC7A1F88" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.16.3.263-277.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1291116" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Ichthyosaurus De la Beche & Conybeare 1821" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="786EFFAE6559FF8CFFAD1D28FFE81E3C" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic reassessment of Ichthyosaurus communis and I. intermedius and a revised diagnosis for the genus" masterLastPageNumber="277" masterPageNumber="263" pageNumber="272" updateTime="1711982678215" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="339DBE1CEE1AA63E12B6EB9049DAA2B2">A taxonomic reassessment of Ichthyosaurus communis and I. intermedius and a revised diagnosis for the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2303D1763F3F210F01B1A1FF738D92AB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="62E3EC9DFB04EF179A50209623C5E1C8">Massare, Judy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A5483601321709BC146C6D9419420E40">Department of Earth Sciences, SUNY College at Brockport, Brockport, NY, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3AB8831638BFDDBD3AACCC5D0D9F2EA3">Lomax, Dean R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C21354A8E0B7E1E376CC722E10862792">School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="652F848AADE7F32AEA53E172877AA33C">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7C64A5F534D52B92C2B554C50C8EFC66">
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<mods:date id="79E4F4BFF183A5F6713F639738C21D86">2018</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="44E4654B6553FF86FC131B2EFB361801" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF86FC131B2EFB361801" blockId="10.[931,1380,1479,1597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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<heading id="570981AC6553FF86FC131B2EFB361801" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" reason="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436553FF86FBA51B2EFB361801" authority="De la Beche & Conybeare, 1821" authorityName="De la Beche & Conybeare" authorityYear="1821" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FBA51B2EFB4E1822" bold="true" box="[1032,1190,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Ichthyosaurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316553FF86FB011B2EFAA21821" author="De la Beche, H. T. & Conybeare, W. D." box="[1196,1354,1542,1565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" pagination="559 - 594" refId="ref13260" refString="De la Beche, H. T. & Conybeare, W. D. 1821. Notice of the discovery of a new fossil animal, forming a link between the Ichthyosaurus and crocodile, together with general remarks on the osteology of the Ichthyosaurus. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, 5, 559 - 594." type="journal article" year="1821">De la Beche &</bibRefCitation>
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Conybeare, 1821
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="44E4654B6553FF86FCE01B4FFABF1902" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF86FCE01B4FFAAD1842" blockId="10.[845,1402,1639,1854]" box="[845,1349,1639,1662]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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||
1818
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<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436553FF86FC241B4FFB851842" authority="Konig" authorityName="Konig" box="[905,1133,1639,1662]" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FC241B4FFBC81842" box="[905,1056,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Ichthyosaurus</emphasis>
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Konig
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</taxonomicName>
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||
: 54 [
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FB0D1B4FFADD1842" box="[1184,1333,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">nomen nudum</emphasis>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF86FCE01BAFFB4018A2" blockId="10.[845,1402,1639,1854]" box="[845,1192,1671,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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1819a
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<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436553FF86FC391BAFFB8718A2" authority="Home" authorityName="Home" authorityYear="1819" box="[916,1135,1671,1694]" family="Proteosauridae" genus="Proteosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FC391BAFFBCB18A2" box="[916,1059,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Proteosaurus</emphasis>
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Home
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</taxonomicName>
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: 209.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF86FCE01B8FFA921882" blockId="10.[845,1402,1639,1854]" box="[845,1402,1703,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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1821
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<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436553FF86FC241B8FFAA91882" authority="De la Beche & Conybeare" authorityName="De la Beche & Conybeare" authorityYear="1821" box="[905,1345,1703,1726]" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FC241B8FFBC81882" box="[905,1056,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Ichthyosaurus</emphasis>
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De la Beche & Conybeare
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</taxonomicName>
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: 563.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF86FCE01BEFFB7118E2" blockId="10.[845,1402,1639,1854]" box="[845,1177,1735,1758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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1840
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<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436553FF86FC241BEFFB8618E2" authority="Hawkins" authorityName="Hawkins" authorityYear="1840" box="[905,1134,1735,1758]" genus="Polyostinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FC241BEFFBED18E2" box="[905,1029,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Polyostinus</emphasis>
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Hawkins
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</taxonomicName>
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: 12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF86FCE01BCFFB2018C2" blockId="10.[845,1402,1639,1854]" box="[845,1224,1767,1790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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1840
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<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436553FF86FC241BCFFB7518C2" authority="Hawkins" authorityName="Hawkins" authorityYear="1840" box="[905,1181,1767,1790]" genus="Paramecostinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FC241BCFFBDC18C2" box="[905,1076,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Paramecostinus</emphasis>
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Hawkins
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</taxonomicName>
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: 15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF86FCE01A2FFB701922" blockId="10.[845,1402,1639,1854]" box="[845,1176,1799,1822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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||
1904
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<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436553FF86FC241A2FFB851922" authority="Jaekel" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1904" box="[905,1133,1799,1822]" genus="Eurypterygius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FC241A2FFBC81922" box="[905,1056,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Eurypterygius</emphasis>
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Jaekel
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</taxonomicName>
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: 32.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF86FCE01A0FFABF1902" blockId="10.[845,1402,1639,1854]" box="[845,1367,1831,1854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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||
1979
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<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436553FF86FC241A0FFB291902" authority="Appleby" authorityName="Appleby" authorityYear="1979" box="[905,1217,1831,1854]" family="Protoichthyosauridae" genus="Protoichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FC241A0FFBB31902" box="[905,1115,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Protoichthyosaurus</emphasis>
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Appleby
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</taxonomicName>
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: 492 [in part].
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="44E4654B6553FF87FCE01A7FFF0D1DAE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="10" pageNumber="272" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="0C4136C06553FF87FCE01A7FFF0D1DAE" blockId="10.[845,1466,1879,1934]" lastBlockId="11.[159,782,189,914]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">
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<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26553FF86FCE01A7FFBDC1952" bold="true" box="[845,1076,1879,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="272">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Pineal enclosed within frontals at their posterior edge; large, wide nasals; maxilla excluded from margin of the external naris by subnarial process of premaxilla and anterior process of lacrimal; squamosal present; basioccipital with extensive extracondylar area and well-developed peg; angular with minimal exposure in lateral view; scapula with long shaft, slightly expanded distal end and expanded proximal end, but acromion process absent; coracoid with prominent anterior and posterior notches; humerus with nearly equal width distally and proximally, with slight constriction in the shaft; forefin with distal carpals 3 and 4 contacting the intermedium; metacarpal
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the distal carpal row, in contact with the ulnare; digit V as prominent or more prominent than digit IV; digital bifurcation anterior to the primary axis in forefin; forefin with at least five primary digits (although the fin must be preserved to at least p4 row to verify that a bifurcation is present); hind fin with at least four primary digits and an anterior digital bifurcation; rectangular, closely spaced phalanges on most of proximal to middle portion of forefin; pelvic girdle tripartite, without fusion between pubis and ischium; femur longer than wide, with distal end wider than proximal end; preflexural vertebrae <80 (modified from
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<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FE2B1E73FD411D4E" author="McGowan, C. & Motani, R." box="[390,681,859,882]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" refId="ref14825" refString="McGowan, C. & Motani, R. 2003. Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Ichthyopterygia. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 175 pp." type="book" year="2003">McGowan & Motani 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FD171E73FF3C1DAE" author="Ji, C. & Jiang, D. - Y. & Motani, R. & Rieppel, O. & Hao, W. - C. & Sun, Z. - Y." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1025956" refId="ref13787" refString="Ji, C., Jiang, D. - Y., Motani, R., Rieppel, O., Hao, W. - C. & Sun, Z. - Y. 2016. Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia incorporating recent discoveries from South China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36, e 1025956." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Ji
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||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FD781E73FCE61D4E" box="[725,782,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44E4654B6552FF87FF321E93FED51873" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C4136C06552FF87FF321E93FED51873" blockId="11.[159,781,955,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FF321E93FEC41DEE" bold="true" box="[159,300,955,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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||
The genus is very common from
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||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FD341E93FD081DEE" box="[665,736,955,978]" country="United Kingdom" name="Dorset" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Dorset</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FF321EF2FEED1DCD" box="[159,261,986,1009]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Somerset</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FEB41EF2FE9D1DCD" box="[281,373,986,1009]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">England</collectingCountry>
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||
, but additional unequivocal occurrences of the genus include:
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<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FE711ED2FD9A1A2D" box="[476,626,1018,1041]" country="United Kingdom" name="Leicestershire" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Leicestershire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FD2F1ED2FF3C1A0D" author="Martin, J. & Frey, E. & Riess, J." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="58 - 73" refId="ref14380" refString="Martin, J., Frey, E. & Riess, J. 1986. Soft tissue preservation in ichthyosaurs and a stratigraphic review of the Lower Hettangian of Barrow-Upon-Soar, Leicestershire. Transaction of the Leicester Literary & Philosophical Society, 80, 58 - 73." type="journal article" year="1986">
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||
Martin
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||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FD781ED2FCEF1A2D" box="[725,775,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FF501932FE581A0D" box="[253,432,1050,1073]" country="United Kingdom" name="Nottinghamshire" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Nottinghamshire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FE7D1932FD151A0D" author="Lomax, D. R. & Gibson, B. J. A." box="[464,765,1050,1073]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="554 - 563" refId="ref14011" refString="Lomax, D. R. & Gibson, B. J. A. 2015. The first definitive occurrence of Ichthyosaurus and Temnodontosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) in Nottinghamshire, England and a review of ichthyosaur specimens from the county. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 126, 554 - 563." type="journal article" year="2015">Lomax & Gibson 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FF321912FEDD1A6D" box="[159,309,1082,1105]" country="United Kingdom" name="Warwickshire" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Warwickshire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FEE71912FDA11A6D" author="Smith, A. S. & Radley, J. D." box="[330,585,1082,1105]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="253 - 260" refId="ref15044" refString="Smith, A. S. & Radley, J. D. 2007. A marine reptile fauna from the Early Jurassic Saltford Shale (Blue Lias Formation) of central England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 56, 253 - 260." type="journal article" year="2007">Smith & Radley 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FDCB1912FCE51A6D" box="[614,781,1082,1105]" country="United Kingdom" name="Gloucestershire" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Gloucestershire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(e.g. BU 5289, formerly BIRUG 4175),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FDC61972FCE51A4D" box="[619,781,1114,1137]" country="United Kingdom" name="Worcestershire" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Worcestershire</collectingRegion>
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||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="6AEFAE056552FF87FF0A1952FEF11AAD" box="[167,281,1146,1169]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">WOSMG</collectionCode>
|
||
:1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="6AEFAE056552FF87FE9C1952FE771AAD" box="[305,415,1146,1169]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">WOSMG</collectionCode>
|
||
:2), Yorkshire (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FD961952FD2F1AAD" author="Maisch, M. W." box="[571,711,1146,1169]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref14192" refString="Maisch, M. W. 1997. The cranial osteology of Ichthyosaurus intermedius Conybeare, 1822 from the Lias of Great Britain. Stuttgarter Beitra ¨ ge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Pala ¨ ontologie), 258, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1997">Maisch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FD7B1952FEAF1A8D" author="Massare, J. A. & Lomax, D. R. & Klein, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="119 - 135" refId="ref14578" refString="Massare, J. A., Lomax, D. R. & Klein, A. 2015. A large forefin of Ichthyosaurus from the UK, and estimates of the size of the genus. Paludicola, 10, 119 - 135." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Massare
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FF7E19B2FEE21A8D" box="[211,266,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FEF219B2FE4E1A8D" box="[351,422,1178,1201]" country="United Kingdom" name="Devon" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Devon</collectingRegion>
|
||
(NHMUK PV R5787),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FD0019B2FCE11A8D" box="[685,777,1178,1201]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Glamorgan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FE851992FE831AED" box="[296,363,1210,1233]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="6AEFAE056552FF87FED61992FE291AED" box="[379,449,1210,1233]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">NMW</collectionCode>
|
||
2009.35G.1); County
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FD141992FCE11AED" box="[697,777,1210,1233]" country="United Kingdom" name="Antrim" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Antrim</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FF3219F1FE8F1ACC" box="[159,359,1241,1264]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Northern Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g. BELUM K1643, BELUM K28052);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FEA119D1FE801B2C" box="[268,360,1273,1296]" name="Belgium" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FED819D1FDF11B2C" author="Godefroit, P." box="[373,537,1273,1296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="77 - 89" refId="ref13490" refString="Godefroit, P. 1996. Un crane d' Ichthyosaurus communis (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) du Sinemurien superieur de Lorraine Belge. Bulletin de la Societe ´´ belge de Geologie´, 104, 77 - 89." type="journal article" year="1996">Godefroit 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FD9D19D1FD471B2C" box="[560,687,1273,1296]" name="Switzerland" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FD1019D1FEC11B0C" author="Maisch, M. W. & Reisdorf, A. G. & Schlatter, R. & Wetzel, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="617 - 627" refId="ref14319" refString="Maisch, M. W., Reisdorf, A. G., Schlatter, R. & Wetzel, A. 2008. A large skull of Ichthyosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of Frick (NW Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101, 617 - 627." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Maisch
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FF321831FF331B0C" box="[159,219,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FEE01831FE4F1B0C" box="[333,423,1305,1328]" name="Portugal" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FE6F1831FED21B6C" author="Zbyszewski, G. & Moitinho de Almeida, F." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="5 - 10" refId="ref15282" refString="Zbyszewski, G. & Moitinho de Almeida, F. 1952. Restes d'ichtyosauriens dans le Lias de S. Pedro de Muel. Comunicacoes Servicos Geologicos de Portugal, 33, 5 - 10." type="journal article" year="1952">Zbyszewski & Moitinho de Almeida 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FEE61811FDFB1B6C" author="Bardet, N. & Pereda Suberbiola, X. & Ruiz Ometnaca, J. I." box="[331,531,1337,1360]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1245 - 1248" refId="ref12711" refString="Bardet, N., Pereda Suberbiola, X. & Ruiz Ometnaca, J. I. 2008. Mesozoic marine reptiles from the Iberian Peninsula. Geo-Temas, 10, 1245 - 1248." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Bardet
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FE311811FE3D1B6C" box="[412,469,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FDF01811FD581B6C" box="[605,688,1337,1360]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FD101811FCE51B6C" box="[701,781,1337,1360]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FF0B1871FEB41B4C" author="McGowan, C." box="[166,348,1369,1392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1155 - 1162" refId="ref14761" refString="McGowan, C. 1978. Further evidence for the wide geographical distribution of ichthyosaur taxa (Reptila: Ichthyosauria). Journal of Paleontology, 52, 1155 - 1162." type="journal article" year="1978">McGowan 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus was also reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FF321851FF171BAC" box="[159,255,1401,1424]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but contrary to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FE671851FD2B1BAC" author="Brusatte, S. L. & Young, M. T. & Challands, T. J. & Clark, N. D. L. & Fischer, V. & Fraser, N. C. & Liston, J. L. & MacFadyen, C. C. J. & Ross, D. A. & Walsh, S. & Wilkinson, M." box="[458,707,1401,1424]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="43 - 55" refId="ref13078" refString="Brusatte, S. L., Young, M. T., Challands, T. J., Clark, N. D. L., Fischer, V., Fraser, N. C., Liston, J. L., MacFadyen, C. C. J., Ross, D. A., Walsh, S. & Wilkinson, M. 2015. Ichthyosaurs from the Jurassic of Skye, Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 51, 43 - 55." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Brusatte
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FD9C1851FD8F1BAC" box="[561,615,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, these specimens (teeth and an impression of a lower jaw) are too fragmentary to be assigned to the genus. Similarly, a specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FEE818F0FDE91BD3" box="[325,513,1496,1519]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74E976506552FF87FDA618F0FDB31BD3" box="[523,603,1496,1519]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FDC418F0FF3C1833" author="Dennison, S. S. & Smith, P. L. & Tipper, H. W." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="850 - 853" refId="ref13321" refString="Dennison, S. S., Smith, P. L. & Tipper, H. W. 1990. An Early Jurassic ichthyosaur from the Sandilands Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Journal of Paleontology, 64, 850 - 853." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Dennison
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FD7518F0FCEF1BD3" box="[728,775,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) shows no diagnostic characters of the genus, and the relative rostrum length would suggest that it is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436552FF87FF321B10FEDE1873" authorityName="De la Beche & Conybeare" authorityYear="1821" box="[159,310,1592,1615]" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FF321B10FEDE1873" box="[159,310,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Ichthyosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="44E4654B6552FF87FF171B70FC7A1F88" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C4136C06552FF87FF171B70FC7A1F88" blockId="11.[159,781,955,1934]" lastBlockId="11.[845,1467,189,436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436552FF87FF171B70FEB91853" authorityName="De la Beche & Conybeare" authorityYear="1821" box="[186,337,1624,1647]" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FF171B70FEB91853" box="[186,337,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Ichthyosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has previously been reported from the uppermost Triassic (Rhaetian) of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FDA11B50FD8718B3" box="[524,623,1656,1679]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Somerset</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FDD31B50FEC01893" author="McGowan, C. & Motani, R." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" refId="ref14825" refString="McGowan, C. & Motani, R. 2003. Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Ichthyopterygia. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 175 pp." type="book" year="2003">McGowan & Motani 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but recent studies suggested that specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FF711B90FED718F3" box="[220,319,1720,1743]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Somerset</collectingRegion>
|
||
are probably from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FE811BF0FE1D18D3" author="Benson, R. B. J. & Evans, M. & Druckenmiller, P. S." box="[300,501,1752,1775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="31838" refId="ref12821" refString="Benson, R. B. J., Evans, M. & Druckenmiller, P. S. 2012. High diversity, low disparity and small body size in plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic - Jurassic boundary. PLoS ONE, 7, e 31838." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Benson
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FE2E1BF0FE5A18D3" box="[387,434,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FDAF1BF0FDDF18D3" author="Benson, R. B. J. & Evans, M. & Taylor, M. A." box="[514,567,1752,1775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="933739" refId="ref12874" refString="Benson, R. B. J., Evans, M. & Taylor, M. A. 2015. The anatomy of Stratesaurus (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the lowermost Jurassic of Somerset, United Kingdom. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35, e 933739." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FDEB1BF0FF3C1932" author="Lomax, D. R. & Massare, J. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref14107" refString="Lomax, D. R. & Massare, J. A. 2017. Two new species of Ichthyosaurus from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian) of Somerset, England, UK. Papers in Palaeontology, 3, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2017">Lomax & Massare 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, DRL recently examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436552FF87FF321A3FFEDE1912" authorityName="De la Beche & Conybeare" authorityYear="1821" box="[159,310,1815,1838]" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FF321A3FFEDE1912" box="[159,310,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Ichthyosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently held in a private collection that were collected
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FEE81A1FFE601972" box="[325,392,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
from the base of the Liassic Group (probably Rhaetian) of northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FD8B1A7FFD611952" box="[550,649,1879,1902]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Somerset</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FD0F1A7FFF3C19B2" author="Carpenter, S." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref13200" refString="Carpenter, S. 2001. Excavating a vertebrate-bearing horizon in the Upper Triassic sediments of North Mendip. Geology Today, 17, 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="2001">Carpenter 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus it is plausible that some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBFE4D436552FF87FCE01D95FC0C1EE8" authorityName="De la Beche & Conybeare" authorityYear="1821" box="[845,996,189,212]" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FCE01D95FC0C1EE8" box="[845,996,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Ichthyosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in historical collections are from the Rhaetian. The genus has definitively been reported from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian), Pre-
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FB5E1DD5FAB11F28" box="[1267,1369,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
beds of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FCE01C35FC581F08" box="[845,944,285,308]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Somerset</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE3AF8226552FF87FC5B1C35FB641F08" box="[1014,1164,285,308]" country="United Kingdom" name="Leicestershire" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">Leicestershire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FB0E1C35FAB21F08" author="McGowan, C." box="[1187,1370,285,308]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref14722" refString="McGowan, C. 1974. A revision of the latipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Life Science Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum, 100, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1974">McGowan 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FADF1C35FC231F68" author="Martin, J. & Frey, E. & Riess, J." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="58 - 73" refId="ref14380" refString="Martin, J., Frey, E. & Riess, J. 1986. Soft tissue preservation in ichthyosaurs and a stratigraphic review of the Lower Hettangian of Barrow-Upon-Soar, Leicestershire. Transaction of the Leicester Literary & Philosophical Society, 80, 58 - 73." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis id="3E8AEAD26552FF87FCE01C15FC611F68" box="[845,905,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; also see discussion in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FB4A1C15FC6A1F48" author="Lomax, D. R. & Massare, J. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref14107" refString="Lomax, D. R. & Massare, J. A. 2017. Two new species of Ichthyosaurus from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian) of Somerset, England, UK. Papers in Palaeontology, 3, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2017">Lomax & Massare 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The youngest occurrence of the genus is from the lower Pliensbachian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FBED1C55FB391FA8" author="Lomax, D. R." box="[1088,1233,381,404]" pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="22 - 36" refId="ref13920" refString="Lomax, D. R. 2010. An Ichthyosaurus (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) with gastric contents from Charmouth, England: First report of the genus from the Pliensbachian. Paludicola, 8, 22 - 36." type="journal article" year="2010">Lomax 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686F4B316552FF87FB4B1C55FC6A1F88" author="Massare, J. A. & Lomax, D. R. & Klein, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="273" pagination="119 - 135" refId="ref14578" refString="Massare, J. A., Lomax, D. R. & Klein, A. 2015. A large forefin of Ichthyosaurus from the UK, and estimates of the size of the genus. Paludicola, 10, 119 - 135." type="journal article" year="2015">Lomax & Massare 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |