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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="35472" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416" ID-PMC="PMC3577090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-245-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" ID-PubMed="23431087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578462" ModsDocID="1313-2970-245-1" checkinTime="1425642919252" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bousquet, Yves" docDate="2012" docId="83F2547B5BD5BF69F6A7CBEBF91A21D4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 245: 1-1722" docOrigin="ZooKeys 245" docPubDate="2012-11-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416" docTitle="Trechus apicalis Motschulsky 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" id="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" lastPageNumber="334" masterDocId="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="1722" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="333" updateTime="1736396794539" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title id="1FE095F9C74F40C860A265B945025859">Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0537390A5E3FB932D842C2A5A5231ED">Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="099D8754030E96BAF33B49F960B68091">Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="83F2547B5BD5BF69F6A7CBEBF91A21D4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127869097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83F2547B5BD5BF69F6A7CBEBF91A21D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/83F2547B5BD5BF69F6A7CBEBF91A21D4" lastPageId="333" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">
<subSubSection id="C6AF2FAB7F19F1C5277A42A3DF4F3B8C" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="93BE2BA25B497716B4073CB85EF191A1" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicName id="52EC45850DDEFC81A5FB2BFACE48D0D5" ID-CoL="57ZD4" LSID="83F2547B-5BD5-BF69-F6A7-CBEBF91A21D4" authority="Motschulsky, 1845" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trechus apicalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Trechus apicalis Motschulsky, 1845</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8EA7BC1C41DD5E03FAC507401DF7B34A" lastPageId="333" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A1188E1876AA60949476A79997D5834C" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicName id="3C16DA05CF7778FFD8233D01854B71C6" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Trechus apicalis</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky, 1845b: 347. Type locality: &quot;Kamtschatka [Siberia, Russia]&quot; (original citation). Six syntypes in ZMMU (Keleinikova 1976: 187).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85230DA1C45B4C52F85AC1D0939D18A3" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicName id="7102A02824D86E69A274F77E5F523F0C" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamtschatkensis">Trechus kamtschatkensis</taxonomicName>
Putzeys, 1847: 308. Type locality: &quot;Kamtschatka [Siberia, Russia]&quot; (original citation). Syntype(s) location unknown (possibly in IRSN). Synonymy established by Putzeys (1870: 166).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3AB4CE3C80D31BCB122A671237EC60" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicName id="BB0C377066205A67E7CCAE248B82CC51" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Epaphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">Epaphius micans</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1847: 414. Type locality: &quot;Lapointe [Madeline Island, Wisconsin], Lacus Superioris&quot; (original citation). Syntype(s) in MCZ [# 5596]. Synonymy established by Lindroth (1963b: 202).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145C5900C534012888A1869F43F42D53" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicName id="E73AB8755398193D43F24D46BA0E0FDA" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Epaphius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvus">Epaphius fulvus</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1847: 415 [secondary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="561018099E2DDCCBB6457B4655CC018F" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="32F994546FC9AD32B0282514D4DB5225" italics="true" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">Trechus fulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dejean, 1831]. Type locality: &quot;Lapointe [Madeline Island, Wisconsin], Lacus Superioris&quot; (original citation). Syntype(s) in MCZ. Synonymy established, under the name
<taxonomicName id="C02793FA8A085F646C57AD28FA82F636" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="apicalis" subSpecies="micans">
<emphasis id="D42B37AE3E299103E10665FE24A23F9B" italics="true" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">Trechus apicalis micans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte), by Jeannel (1927: 172), confirmed by Lindroth (1963b: 202).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8ED8F7156EBD5CAC139ED5DB38ACBF2" pageId="332" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicName id="944D150BB053B0EEBA5ACF9F5899662A" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="332" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">Trechus canadensis</taxonomicName>
Putzeys, 1870: 160. Type locality: &quot;Terre neuve (S[ain]t Pierre [et] Miquelon); Toronto&quot; (original citation). Syntype(s) [5 originally cited] in MHNP (collection Chaudoir). Synonymy established by Jeannel (1931: 428).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47638FF598FFB151860B0423C5250C4C" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">
<taxonomicName id="58233B1BF11ADB643A47898DA7342CC0" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<pageBreakToken id="28123EA5C00AF10237FCCD4A79FC1932" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" start="start">Trechus</pageBreakToken>
borealis
</taxonomicName>
Schaeffer, 1915a: 47. Type locality: &quot;Battle Harbor, Labrador; Bay S[ain]t George, Newfoundland; New Jersey; Bellport, L[on]g Island [New York]&quot; (original citation), restricted to &quot;Battle Harbor, Labr[ador]&quot; by Lindroth (1963b: 202). Syntype(s) in USNM (Lindroth 1963b: 202, though not listed by Erwin and House 1978). Synonymy established, under the name
<taxonomicName id="FB33ECDC8A5C8FBC0AF333E4E11D372A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="apicalis" subSpecies="micans">
<emphasis id="B4460886E653DB9F4ACD5CF405A38D28" italics="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Trechus apicalis micans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte), by Jeannel (1927: 172), confirmed by Lindroth (1963b: 202).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14F561B5690DAB7E67052B616D4489F2" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">
<taxonomicName id="2EF619709190B38463B5B719C284905F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">Trechus pallescens</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 407. Replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="3FD70DF2C6CDB004639979212374EC64" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="0842D5E6F9BA5A570FE7E2C414C65C23" italics="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Trechus fulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte 1847).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2C466251CAB70C8408657BF65C716D7" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">
<taxonomicName id="EBEE8CA2C3ACEADE13883629C5A912FD" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puritanus">Trechus puritanus</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 407. Type locality: &quot;Fall River [Bristol County], Massachusetts&quot; (original citation). Lectotype (♂), designated by Lindroth (1975: 114), in USNM [# 46077]. Synonymy established, under the name
<taxonomicName id="2249241860C3BED9873C08302279C70E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="apicalis" subSpecies="micans">
<emphasis id="73C73F7DFBA11CD0A60D926EE5E6C484" italics="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Trechus apicalis micans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte), by Jeannel (1927: 172), confirmed by Lindroth (1963b: 202).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="520C9D56DD8EE34714841298B42A8AC6" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">
<taxonomicName id="B746FD9F42D3BADB91C61CDFA2CD8690" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodensis">Trechus rhodensis</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 408. Type locality: &quot;Boston Neck [Washington County], Rhode Island&quot; (original citation). Lectotype (♂), designated by Lindroth (1975: 114), in USNM [# 46078]. Synonymy established, under the name
<taxonomicName id="26F33B494F98D9B8E455C24515087C9F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="apicalis" subSpecies="micans">
<emphasis id="8A03490F4573D3A0F152D05F7BD4A1C1" italics="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Trechus apicalis micans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte), by Jeannel (1927: 172), confirmed by Lindroth (1963b: 202).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="768E6BC7C9627B098C8CFE5DFD972C1D" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">
<taxonomicName id="EE733AAD3B448FDCB0446F97A1CD529C" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brumalis">Trechus brumalis</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 408. Type locality: &quot;W[est] S[ain]t Modest[e], Labrador&quot; (original citation). Lectotype (♂), designated by Lindroth (1975: 114), in USNM [# 46079]. Synonymy established, under the name
<taxonomicName id="456351659F92CBC02569AEDCC0A9CD64" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="apicalis" subSpecies="micans">
<emphasis id="CD45A75BF2AB13D4A204D239902C3C90" italics="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Trechus apicalis micans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte), by Jeannel (1927: 172), confirmed by Lindroth (1963b: 202).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A742AB99B823AE3F7B15D8AD395495FB" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4048D8394D8B463765AB0C8BEDA46399" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F6CBCA563994F886A439A004036F324" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">
This species ranges from Newfoundland (Lindroth 1955a: 78-79, as
<taxonomicName id="FF4ADF96F3654458998E93F95A26E2F7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="apicalis" subSpecies="micans">
<emphasis id="A4FC99FECAE2BF90C6D9722520B339FF" italics="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Trechus apicalis micans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to Alaska, south to southeastern British Columbia (Lindroth 1963b: 202), southern Colorado (Elias 1987: 632; Mineral County, UASM) along the Rocky Mountains, and northeastern West Virginia (Tucker County, CMNH). Also found in the Far East and on
<normalizedToken id="D0E02B962D479607EC227D1A099523F3" originalValue="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</normalizedToken>
, Japan (Moravec et al. 2003: 326).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA24FB2A2BFF068A7BC990BB480D32F2" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" type="records">
<paragraph id="F358A240492323836493CE40D2CD8669" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9AA66F1EBBA6E61EFDB6406C466CFDE3" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="7FE1B33BB6903E19B7718E3450B5BCE0" bold="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">FRA</emphasis>
: PM
<emphasis id="D62610212148571BCEE5F9D8362453FB" bold="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">CAN</emphasis>
: AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS (CBI), NT, ON, PE, QC, SK, YT
<emphasis id="8F5EBF16B98779CF2B6BEF3B173D8C3C" bold="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">USA</emphasis>
: AK, CO, CT, IN, MA, ME, MI, MN, MT, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VT, WI, WV -
<emphasis id="67846F11F6EF92966F8FCE84F22ECEC5" bold="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Holarctic</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="CA60EFC9FFDEE22F9E0E8532260905F0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30922" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph id="335447C4F828D2B9DA576479E6EAD16F" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="30BA6B37CE1D015621C9690FDD2586A5" bold="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B0E9CE36FC0901F9CF08E3B7F4542C08" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="38A2473470C04B2D3B4BBF306588E122" italics="true" pageId="333" pageNumber="334">Trechus apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky. This trechine species is &quot;wing dimorphic&quot; with the vast majority of individuals being micropterous (with short wing vestiges) and a few macropterous (with long wings). Usually macropterous individuals of dimorphic species are able to fly but this is not always the case as flight muscles could be atrophied. Carl Lindroth argued that in stable periods, when the
<normalizedToken id="9704CE266A22D3B9933EBA20DB157CEC" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
habitat is not subject to drastic changes, the brachypterous form normally predominates but in unstable periods, the situation is reversed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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