treatments-xml/data/83/47/3C/83473CEB9B755BCC829B7FD1F0E18285.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-213-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="11A7F91BABA1588BB1DF73A7D18E2E64" ModsDocID="1314-2003-213-1" checkinTime="1667915780193" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Xue-Man, Tang, Ying, Peng, Pei-Hao &amp; Peng, Hua" docDate="2022" docId="83473CEB9B755BCC829B7FD1F0E18285" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 213: 1-18" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 213" docPubDate="2022-11-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377" docTitle="Hemipilia avisoides Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="11A7F91BABA1588BB1DF73A7D18E2E64" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="11A7F91BABA1588BB1DF73A7D18E2E64" masterDocTitle="Hemipilia avisoides (Orchidaceae), a new species from Sichuan Province, China" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1667916081480" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Hemipilia avisoides (Orchidaceae), a new species from Sichuan Province, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Xue-Man</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7063-9729</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tang, Ying</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-7200</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanxiaqutang@sina.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peng, Pei-Hao</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7272-8904</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peng, Hua</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5583-537X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>College of Tourism and Urban-rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-11-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>213</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-213-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">11A7F91BABA1588BB1DF73A7D18E2E64</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83473CEB9B755BCC829B7FD1F0E18285" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/83473CEB9B755BCC829B7FD1F0E18285" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="83473CEB-9B75-5BCC-829B-7FD1F0E18285" authority="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides" status="sp. nov.">Hemipilia avisoides Y.Tang, X.M.Wang &amp; H.Peng</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Comparisons between living plants of Hemipilia avisoides sp. nov. and H. hui in the wild A-D habit, flowers, leaf and habitat of H. avisoides E-H habit, flowers, leaf and habitat of H. hui. Photographs A-H by Y. Tang." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/766449" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Floral morphology of Hemipilia avisoides sp. nov., based on 3 D mesh model reconstructed by micro-CT data A inflorescence with uppermost two flowers B ventral and dorsal views of floral bract C lateral view of ovary, with floral bract at base D ventral and dorsal views of dorsal sepal E ventral and dorsal views of lateral sepal F ventral and dorsal views of petal G ventral view of gynostemium H ventral and dorsal views of labellum I lateral views of labellum. The 3 D model in STL format is available on Zenodo (https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6832154)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/766450" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Specimen of S. - Y. Chen, Z. He, M. - F. Zhong et al. 5078 (SZ!) identified as Hemipilia avisoides in this study. Key features, which would facilitate the identification of this specimen, are highlighted and arrowed in yellow." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/766451" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leaves of Hemipilia avisoides sp. nov. and some related species in H. sect. Hemipilia sensu Tang et al. (2015) A H. avisoides B H. thailandica C H. hemipilioides D H. brevicalcarata E H. galeata F H. cordifolia. Photographs A-F by Y. Tang." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/766452" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6A; see also Data availability</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="China" location="Sichuan Province" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
, Aba Tibetan and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1958-06-01" collectingDateMax="2022-06-09" collectingDateMin="1958-06-01" collectorName="Y. Tang, X. - M. Wang, Y. - T. Zhu, S. - Y. Chen, Z. He, M. - F. Zhong" country="China" county="Songpan County" location="Maoxian County" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Qiang Autonomous Prefecture" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Qiang Autonomous Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty>Songpan County</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingDate value="2022-06-09">9 June 2022</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>Y. Tang</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>X.-M. Wang</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Y.-T. Zhu</collectorName>
235
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: SZ!); ibid., 
<collectingDate value="2022-06-09">9 June 2022</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>Y. Tang</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>X.-M. Wang</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Y.-T. Zhu</collectorName>
236
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
: SZ!); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83473CEB9B755BCC829B7FD1F0E18285:BB23D09F66B47819ED157E573786605E" country="China" county="Songpan County" name="Maoxian County" stateProvince="Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Maoxian County</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1958-06-01">1 June 1958</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>S.-Y. Chen</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Z. He</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>M.-F. Zhong</collectorName>
et al. 5078
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
: SZ!)
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia hui" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia hui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tang &amp; F.T.Wang) Schuit., from which 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. avisoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by a set of characteristics: mid-lobe involute, suboblong in apical view, 2.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2 mm, trapeziform when flattened, smaller than lateral lobes; floral bracts 5 mm long, always shorter than ovary; leaf appressed to the substrate, adaxially green with white lines along 7-9 principal veins; stem subterranean, with one sheath at the base (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparisons in morphology between Hemipilia avisoides sp. nov. and H. hui. Diagnostic characteristics of H. avisoides are in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3E47111B0B95D1F7D98A311D646CC43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="F3E47111B0B95D1F7D98A311D646CC43">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="F3E47111B0B95D1F7D98A311D646CC43" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3E47111B0B95D1F7D98A311D646CC43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 1.</emphasis>
Comparisons in morphology between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. hui" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Diagnostic characteristics of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. avisoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are in bold.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. hui" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stem shape</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Subterranean, with 1 sheath at the base</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Partly subterranean, with 1 or 2 (or 3) sheaths at the base</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf position</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Appressed to the substrat</emphasis>
e
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Sub-basal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf colour adaxially</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Green with white lines along 7-9 principal veins</emphasis>
, sometimes also with purple spots
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Usually green with purple markings, sometimes green with white, reticulate venation or nearly uniformly green</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flora bract shape</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
Elliptic, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5 mm long, always shorter than ovary</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, lower ones nearly as long as ovary, gradually smaller upwards to shorter than ovary</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsal sepal shape</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Oblong, apex rounded, sometimes concave at each side of central vein below middle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Suboblong, apex subacute</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lateral lip lobe shape</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pendulous, rhombic</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Usually horizontal, auricular or transversely suboblong</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Middle lip lobe shape</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Involute, suboblong in apical view, 2.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2 mm, trapeziform when flattened, smaller than lateral lobes
</emphasis>
, apex rounded or sometimes apiculate
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
Usually open and flat, subsquare, 4-5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm, larger than lateral lobes, apex obtuse-rounded, sometimes slightly emarginate or shortly apiculate
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Terrestrial, erect herbs, 8.5-31 cm tall. Tubers oblong, 2.5 cm long, 0.8 cm in diameter, neck with few roots. Stem subterranean, 2.7-5 cm long, 0.2 cm in diameter, with one sheath at the base. Sheath tubular, membranous, 1-2 cm long, pale yellow. Leaf appressed to the substrate, solitary, cordate, ovate or elliptic, 3-6.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-5.5 cm, apex acute, slightly fleshy, glabrous, abaxially purple, adaxially green with white lines along 7-9 principal veins, sometimes also with purple spots. Inflorescence terminal, erect, 3-14 cm long, 1-21-flowered, glabrous, dark purple. Flowers not secund, plum or purple plum, fragrant; floral bracts connivent to ovary, elliptic, 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.6 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acuminate, glabrous, dark purple; ovary curved, cylindrical, 10.5 mm long including pedicel, 1 mm in diameter, glabrous, dark purple. Dorsal sepal erect, oblong, cymbiform, 4.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.6 mm, apex rounded, sometimes concave at each side of central vein below middle, glabrous; lateral sepals spreading, obliquely ovate, cymbiform, 5.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.6 mm, apex obtuse, glabrous. Petals erect, connivent with dorsal sepal and forming a hood, apex bending similar to holding a fist in the other hand, obliquely ovate, 4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.8 mm, apex obtuse, glabrous. Labellum spreading, broadly ovate when flattened, 7.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.4 mm, 3-lobed below middle, spurred, base collar-like raised on each side of spur entrance, glabrous, tinged white at base, disc dotted with purple; lateral lobes pendulous, rhombic, 3.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 mm, apex truncate, margin slightly undulate; mid-lobe horizontal, involute, suboblong in apical view, 2.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2 mm, trapeziform when flattened, apex rounded or sometimes apiculate; spur horizontal, straight or curved upwards, cuneate, 9 mm long, ventrally carinate along central axis, entrance 2.5 mm wide, apex swollen, obtuse, 2.7 mm wide; anther reclined, 2.8 mm long, 2-locular, locules parallel and closely spaced, aubergine; pollinia 2, sectile, ovate, 1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.7 mm; caudicles cuneate, 1.2 mm long; viscidia 2, closely spaced, oblong, transparent, each enclosed within a separate bursicle; bursicles formed by folding of rostellar arms, oblong, 0.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3 mm; rostellum median lobe triangle, 0.7 mm long, lateral lobes grooved; stigma ventral, lobes 2, divergent, lamelliform, 1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 mm, with hairs at base; auricles 2, each placed laterally at base of anther and behind collar of labellum base, 0.5 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="flowering">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peaking in early June.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known from two localities in Songpan County, which are ca 11.2 km apart along the Minjiang River Valley and one locality in Maoxian County according to the collection by S.-Y. Chen et al. in 1958. Individuals of the new taxon occur under arid-valley shrubs and on moss-covered rocks (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Latin 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">avis</emphasis>
, bird, and suffix - 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">oides</emphasis>
, similar, alluding to appearance of flower arrangement simulating flying birds with flapped wings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chinese name">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chinese name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="雁字舌喙兰">雁字舌喙兰</normalizedToken>
(Chinese Pinyin: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="yànzì">yanzi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="shéhuìlán">shehuilan</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
</emphasis>
, Songpan County, 
<date value="2013-06-30">30 June 2013</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Y. Tang 151</emphasis>
(KUN!). 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia hui" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia hui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
</emphasis>
, Kangding City, 
<date value="2022-06-18">18 June 2022</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Y. Tang, X.-M. Wang, W.-Q. Yuan &amp; Y.-T. Zhu 237</emphasis>
(SZ!); ibid., 
<date value="2017-06-17">17 June 2017</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Y.-L. Peng, Q. Yu &amp; L.-L. Li THP-KD-1390</emphasis>
(CDBI!); ibid., 
<date value="2014-06-13">13 June 2014</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Y. Tang 199</emphasis>
(KUN!); ibid., 
<date value="1981-05-28">28 May 1981</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z.-J. Zhao, J.-B. Shi &amp; D.-G. Fan 114262</emphasis>
(SZ!); Luhuo County, 
<date value="2005-08-12">12 August 2005</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. E. Boufford, J.-H. Chen, K. Fujikawa, S. L. Kelley, R. H. Ree, H. Sun, J.-P. Yue, D.-C. Zhang &amp; Y.-H. Zhang 34770</emphasis>
(A!); Xiangcheng County, 
<date value="2004-07-15">15 July 2004</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. E. Boufford, J.-H. Chen, S. L. Kelley, J. Li, R. H. Ree, H. Sun, J.-P. Yue &amp; Y.-H. Zhang 30764</emphasis>
(A!); Daofu County, 
<date value="1996-06-10">10 June 1996</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.-S. Yang 91-270</emphasis>
(IBSC!; PE!); Xinlong County, 
<date value="1974-06-28">28 June 1974</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z.-S. Qin 06383</emphasis>
(CDBI!); ibid., 
<date value="1974-06-27">27 June 1974</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z.-S. Yu 06409</emphasis>
(CDBI!); Yajiang County, 
<date value="1961-06-15">15 June 1961</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Jiang 05196</emphasis>
(KUN!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
</emphasis>
, Xiaojin County, 
<date value="2013-07-02">2 July 2013</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Y. Tang 156</emphasis>
(KUN!); ibid., 
<date value="1959-05-21">21 May 1959</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiaojin Zu 0130</emphasis>
(SZ!); ibid., 
<date value="1957-05-21">21 May 1957</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Zhou 34</emphasis>
(IBSC!); Maerkang City, 
<date value="1957-05-16">16 May 1957</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. Li 71047</emphasis>
(PE!; SZ!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Gansu">Gansu Province</collectingRegion>
, Longnan City
</emphasis>
, Wenxian County, 
<date value="2007-05-12">12 May 2007</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Baishuijiang Caijidui 4839</emphasis>
(PE!); ibid., 
<date value="2007-05-09">9 May 2007</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Baishuijiang Caijidui 4514</emphasis>
(PE!); Wudu District, 
<date value="1959-06-15">15 June 1959</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z.-Y. Zhang 4390</emphasis>
(WUK!); ibid., 
<date value="1959-06-05">5 June 1959</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z.-Y. Zhang 3379</emphasis>
(WUK!); ibid., 
<date value="1959-05-30">30 May 1959</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z.-Y. Zhang 3180</emphasis>
(PE!; WUK!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Gansu">Gansu Province</collectingRegion>
, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
</emphasis>
, Zhouqu County, 
<date value="1999-05-27">27 May 1999</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bailongjiang Exped. 1408</emphasis>
(PE!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, sine loc., 1959, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chuan Jing A 0130</emphasis>
(KUN!); sine loc., 
<date value="1907-07">July 1907</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. H. Wilson 1762</emphasis>
(the second individual from left on the sheet: AMES!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems narrowly distributed within the arid valley in the upper reaches of Minjiang River (see Discussion), with few populations and individuals being found. The habitat of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. avisoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be easily disturbed by development as it is close to roads and villages. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="Hamilton, MB" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B6" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2022">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022</bibRefCitation>
), for 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. avisoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the area of occupancy (AOO) is 8 km2, the number of locations is one and the area, extent and/or quality of habitat are likely to decline due to disturbances. Moreover, the number of mature individuals is less than 50. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. avisoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here tentatively assigned to the IUCN category CR B2ab (Critically Endangered).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/766449" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Comparisons between living plants of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. hui" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the wild 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
habit, flowers, leaf and habitat of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. avisoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-H</emphasis>
habit, flowers, leaf and habitat of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. hui" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photographs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-H</emphasis>
by Y. Tang.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/766450" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Floral morphology of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., based on 3D mesh model reconstructed by micro-CT data 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
inflorescence with uppermost two flowers 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
ventral and dorsal views of floral bract 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
lateral view of ovary, with floral bract at base 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
ventral and dorsal views of dorsal sepal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
ventral and dorsal views of lateral sepal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
ventral and dorsal views of petal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
ventral view of gynostemium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
ventral and dorsal views of labellum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
lateral views of labellum. The 3D model in STL format is available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6832154).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/766451" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Specimen of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S.-Y. Chen, Z. He, M.-F. Zhong et al. 5078</emphasis>
(SZ!) identified as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this study. Key features, which would facilitate the identification of this specimen, are highlighted and arrowed in yellow.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/766452" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Leaves of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Tang, X. M. Wang &amp; H. Peng" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Hemipilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hemipilia avisoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hemipilia avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and some related species in 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. sensu subsp. sect." order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" section="Hemipilia" species="sensu">H. sect. Hemipilia sensu</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0376-3" author="Tang, Y" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination=": 96" refId="B25" refString="Tang, Y, Yukawa, T, Bateman, RM, Jiang, H, Peng, H, 2015. Phylogeny and classification of the East Asian Amitostigma alliance (Orchidaceae: Orchideae) based on six DNA markers. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15 (1): 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0376-3" title="Phylogeny and classification of the East Asian Amitostigma alliance (Orchidaceae: Orchideae) based on six DNA markers." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0376-3" volume="15" year="2015">Tang et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. avisoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avisoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. avisoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. thailandica" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thailandica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. thailandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. hemipilioides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hemipilioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. hemipilioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. brevicalcarata" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicalcarata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. brevicalcarata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. galeata" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="H. cordifolia" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. cordifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photographs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-F</emphasis>
by Y. Tang.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>