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<document id="321C50AB3337C96A31F10997EFF74FA9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14508494" ID-ZooBank="A27CB74D-EB39-4475-A059-D649C2DBEFB6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1734446566316" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pinzón-M, Conchita &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo" docDate="2024" docId="833F87A34304FFF9FF43FB1CFE5CFE11" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5555.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5555 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhaucus gaiterus Pinzón-M &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="7F06FFDB430CFFF2FFD4FFEEFFF9FFC0" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Rhaucus Simon, 1879 reveal putative synapomorphies related to the microstructural morphology of male genitalia (Opiliones: Cosmetidae)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1734699100454" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="19E482F71B891EE81415CF9D3D7B71AD">Two new species of Rhaucus Simon, 1879 reveal putative synapomorphies related to the microstructural morphology of male genitalia (Opiliones: Cosmetidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5CEF022DBC47A41B4F5AF64584CAE218" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="665A714FA4EFB09AC9DA12ECADF03A04">Pinzón-M, Conchita</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0236216F31846853D854F2E44A32C915">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal: 11.461, 05422 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2F6FE2A9EEB2A6AF0AC1D2C422F09841">Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D4337A4D048EF92E9FC71FD09ADFB61F">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal: 11.461, 05422 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F9D0AFB94E252A01FB3D681943CDD6FC">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B239E406BF91935470900AC0E95DFC29">2024-12-17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="833F87A34304FFF9FF43FB1CFE5CFE11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14508611" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833F87A34304FFF9FF43FB1CFE5CFE11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/833F87A34304FFF9FF43FB1CFE5CFE11" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="438C653E4304FFFAFF43FB1CFE28FACD" box="[151,465,1266,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0B2936B54304FFFAFF43FB1CFE28FACD" blockId="8.[151,465,1266,1329]" box="[151,465,1266,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="506181D94304FFFAFF43FB1CFE28FACD" bold="true" box="[151,465,1266,1293]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFF43FB1CFE28FACD" bold="true" box="[151,465,1266,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFF43FB1CFE95FACD" authorityName="Pinzón-M &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,364,1266,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaiterus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFF43FB1CFE95FACD" bold="true" box="[151,364,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Rhaucus gaiterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22D157DC4304FFFAFEA7FB1DFE28FACD" box="[371,465,1267,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="438C653E4304FFFAFF43FAF9FECFFAF1" box="[151,310,1302,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B2936B54304FFFAFF43FAF9FECFFAF1" blockId="8.[151,465,1266,1329]" box="[151,310,1302,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
(
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFF4BFAF9FEFDFAF1" box="[159,260,1302,1329]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[152,255,926,950]" captionStartId-1="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionStartId-2="11.[152,255,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetBox-2="[183,1404,486,1943]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@9.[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId-2="figure-167@11.[183,1404,486,1943]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AD: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Prosoma, dorsal view; D. Cx IV, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AD.Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620). Penis. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view, arrow showing the areolated MS B.; CD. Lateral view. Scales: 0.05 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508510" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508514" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14508510/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14508514/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Figs 57</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFEC4FAF9FED4FAF1" box="[272,301,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,179,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-25@16.[170,1416,179,1622]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution map of Rhaucus spp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508526/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="438C653E4304FFFAFF43FAB1FED2FA01" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B2936B54304FFFAFF43FAB1FED2FA01" blockId="8.[151,1437,1374,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFF43FAB1FEBEFAB8" bold="true" box="[151,327,1374,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="BBFE3CE84304FFFAFE9AFAB1FED2FA01" collectingDate="2015-09" collectorName="C. Pinzon" country="Colombia" county="Las Flechas" elevation="319" latitude="9.849722" location="San Jacinto, vereda Las Flechas" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-75.166885" municipality="San Jacinto" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="MUSENUV-Ar 2620" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bolivar" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="738176254304FFFAFE9AFAB1FE46FAB9" box="[334,447,1375,1401]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="C952F8574304FFFAFE1EFAB1FDDBFAB9" box="[458,546,1375,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
:
<typeStatus id="D42D88174304FFFAFDF9FAB1FD6CFAB9" box="[557,661,1375,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<specimenCode id="5B309ECE4304FFFAFD35FAB1FC2AFAB9" box="[737,979,1375,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">MUSENUV-Ar 2620</specimenCode>
, penis prepared for SEM, then preserved in a microvial with the holotype),
<location id="0E49606E4304FFFAFDCAFA6DFC75FA5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:833F87A34304FFF9FF43FB1CFE5CFE11:0E49606E4304FFFAFDCAFA6DFC75FA5D" box="[542,908,1411,1437]" country="Colombia" county="Las Flechas" latitude="9.849722" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-75.166885" municipality="San Jacinto" name="San Jacinto, vereda Las Flechas" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Bolivar">San Jacinto, vereda Las Flechas</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6EA250724304FFFAFC4DFA6CFBEFFA5D" box="[921,1046,1410,1437]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" precision="15" seconds="59" value="9.849722">9°5059”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6EA250724304FFFAFBF7FA6CFB40FA5D" box="[1059,1209,1410,1437]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" precision="1" seconds="0.8" value="-75.166885">75°100.8”W</geoCoordinate>
[
<quantity id="CC6E9B504304FFFAFB1CFA6DFAE1FA5D" box="[1224,1304,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="319.0">
<elevation id="80BBD1864304FFFAFB1CFA6DFAE1FA5D" box="[1224,1304,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="319.0">319 m</elevation>
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],
<collectorName id="A66353634304FFFAFAF8FA6DFA65FA5D" box="[1324,1436,1411,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">C. Pinzón</collectorName>
leg.
<date id="7F2810754304FFFAFF13FA48FEDEFA01" box="[199,295,1446,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="2015-09">
<collectingDate id="6F6CE99D4304FFFAFF13FA48FEDEFA01" box="[199,295,1446,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" value="2015-09">IX.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="438C653E4304FFFAFF13FA25FAC5F9C9" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0B2936B54304FFFAFF13FA25FAC5F9C9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1374,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFF13FA25FEABFA25" bold="true" box="[199,338,1483,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Etymology:</emphasis>
From the Spanish word “gaitero,” referring to a person who plays the Gaita, a traditional musical instrument widely used in the cultural folklore of San Jacinto, Bolívar, and Montes de María in
<collectingCountry id="738176254304FFFAFB12FA01FAC1F9C9" box="[1222,1336,1519,1545]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="438C653E4304FFFAFF13F9FCFBD3F855" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0B2936B54304FFFAFF13F9FCFBD3F855" blockId="8.[151,1437,1374,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFF13F9FCFEBDF9EC" bold="true" box="[199,324,1554,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
DS smaller than in the remaining species (more than
<quantity id="CC6E9B504304FFFAFC76F9FCFC1AF9ED" box="[930,995,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFBD3F9FDFB89F9ED" authorityName="Pinzón-M &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha" authorityYear="2024" box="[1031,1136,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFBD3F9FDFB89F9ED" box="[1031,1136,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R. artifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFBACF9FDFB2BF9ED" bold="true" box="[1144,1234,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22D157DC4304FFFAFBACF9FDFB2BF9ED" box="[1144,1234,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFB34F9FDFA8CF9ED" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[1248,1397,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulneratus">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFB34F9FDFA8CF9ED" box="[1248,1397,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R. vulneratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFA50F9FDFEB3F991" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquelineatus">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFA50F9FDFEB3F991" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R. quinquelineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFE8DF9D9FE2DF990" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[345,468,1591,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serripes">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFE8DF9D9FE2DF990" box="[345,468,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R. serripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFE37F9D9FD9AF991" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[483,611,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFE37F9D9FD9AF991" box="[483,611,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFD77F9D9FCD9F990" authorityName="Pinzón-M &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[675,800,1591,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFD77F9D9FCD9F990" box="[675,800,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R. serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFCFCF9D9FC53F991" bold="true" box="[808,938,1591,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22D157DC4304FFFAFCFCF9D9FC53F991" box="[808,938,1591,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; between 4.8 and
<quantity id="CC6E9B504304FFFAFBA8F9D8FB47F991" box="[1148,1214,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFB30F9D9FAB2F991" authorityName="Garcia &amp; Kury" authorityYear="2017" box="[1252,1355,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florezi">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFB30F9D9FAB2F991" box="[1252,1355,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R. florezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364304FFFAFA50F9D9FED9F9B4" authorityName="Pinzón-M &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFA50F9D9FED9F9B4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">R. marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74304FFFAFEFDF9B5FE52F9B5" bold="true" box="[297,427,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22D157DC4304FFFAFEFDF9B5FE52F9B5" box="[297,427,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) (see
<bibRefCitation id="6F074B444304FFFAFE26F9B5FD11F9B5" author="Garcia, A. F. &amp; Kury, A. B." box="[498,744,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="401 - 440" refId="ref11998" refString="Garcia, A. F. &amp; Kury, A. B. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the Andean harvestman genus Rhaucus Simon, 1879 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa, 4338 (3), 401 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4338.3.1" type="journal article" year="2017">García &amp; Kury, 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The scent gland opening is a small lateral projection of the DS, lacking a dorsal fold posterior to the ozopore (
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFD19F991FCD4F959" box="[717,813,1662,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AD: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Prosoma, dorsal view; D. Cx IV, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508510/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFCB7F991FC76F959" box="[867,911,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,274,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-74@15.[164,1423,270,1775]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Rhaucus spp. Males. Right side of prosoma showing the scent gland opening and related structures on Cx I and II. A. R. quinquelineatus; B. R. serripes; C. R. serratus comb. nov.; D. R. marmoratus comb. nov.; E. R. artifex sp. nov.; F. R. gaiterus sp. nov. DAP: Dorsal anterior projection; DC: Descending channel; DF: Dorsal fold; DPP: Dorsal posterior projection; ID: Integumentary dome; OZ: Ozopore. Scales: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508524/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">11F</figureCitation>
) (dorsal fold present in the remaining species). The descending channel is present and visible in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFC93F94DFC5FF97D" box="[839,934,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,274,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-74@15.[164,1423,270,1775]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Rhaucus spp. Males. Right side of prosoma showing the scent gland opening and related structures on Cx I and II. A. R. quinquelineatus; B. R. serripes; C. R. serratus comb. nov.; D. R. marmoratus comb. nov.; E. R. artifex sp. nov.; F. R. gaiterus sp. nov. DAP: Dorsal anterior projection; DC: Descending channel; DF: Dorsal fold; DPP: Dorsal posterior projection; ID: Integumentary dome; OZ: Ozopore. Scales: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508524/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
) (covered by the dorsal fold in the remaining species). The color pattern of DS features an almost complete arborescent chevron, a complex omega stripe, and abdominal grooves with patches (see
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFDE9F905FD64F8C5" box="[573,669,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AD: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Prosoma, dorsal view; D. Cx IV, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508510/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFD00F905FD00F8C5" box="[724,761,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">6A</figureCitation>
). Lateral projections of DS are sub-rectangular and laterally directed (
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFED5F8E1FEA3F8E9" box="[257,346,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) (sub-triangular and blunt in the remaining species). Pedipalpal Fe is sub-circular, weakly armed on the dorsal and ventral margins (
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFDF6F8DDFD82F88D" box="[546,635,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
) (not circular and with a row of conspicuous tubercles on each margin in the remaining species). Leg IV has Fe not strongly armed; some tubercles are restricted to the distal portion in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304304FFFAFEE6F895FE5EF855" box="[306,423,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6DF</figureCitation>
) (strongly granulated ventrally in the remaining species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5FE9663D4305FFFBFF4CFC70FD46FC1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14508510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508510/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" startId="9.[152,255,926,950]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,901]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0B2936B54305FFFBFF4CFC70FD46FC1B" blockId="9.[151,1436,926,987]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFF4CFC70FEEEFC77" bold="true" box="[152,279,926,951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364305FFFBFEC8FC71FE35FC76" authorityName="Pinzón-M &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha" authorityYear="2024" box="[284,460,927,951]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaiterus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFEC8FC71FE35FC76" box="[284,460,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Rhaucus gaiterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFE05FC71FD99FC76" bold="true" box="[465,608,926,951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22D157DC4305FFFBFE05FC71FDD8FC77" box="[465,545,927,951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
AD:
</emphasis>
Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2620). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Prosoma, dorsal view; D. Cx IV, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="438C653E4305FFF9FF13FBE7FE5CFE11" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B2936B54305FFFBFF13FBE7FD2BFB88" blockId="9.[151,1437,1033,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFF13FBE7FE5FFBE3" bold="true" box="[199,422,1033,1059]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Description: Male.</emphasis>
Measurements: CL: 1.7; CW: 3.0; DSL: 4.6; DSW: 4.1; Fe: 2.2, 4.8, 3.6, 5.0; Pa: 0.7, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0; Ti: 1.5, 3.9, 1.9, 2.7; Mt: 2.8, 4.8, 3.5, 5.3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2936B54305FFFBFF13FBBFFCC7FB73" blockId="9.[151,1437,1033,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFF13FBBFFE6FFBAB" bold="true" box="[199,406,1105,1131]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Color in ethanol:</emphasis>
DS Vivid yellow (82); legs and chelicerae Vivid greenish yellow (97); pedipalps Brilliant greenish yellow (98). Color pattern on dorsal scutum Pale yellow green (121), forming an incomplete arborescent chevron, incomplete backbone, and a complex omega stripe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2936B54305FFFBFF13FB53FE7EFA4B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1033,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFF13FB53FEC8FB17" bold="true" box="[199,305,1213,1239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Dorsum:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304305FFFBFE97FB53FE63FB18" box="[323,410,1213,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AD: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Prosoma, dorsal view; D. Cx IV, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508510/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304305FFFBFE01FB53FE00FB17" box="[469,505,1213,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">6A</figureCitation>
) DS with constrictions I and II well marked, mid-bulge well developed laterally, and long coda. Anterior projections of DS are sub-rectangular and laterally directed. Scent gland opening without marked ID, without DF, and with clearly distinguished DC. Wide and low ocularium with small tubercles near the eyes. Slightly granulated tegument. Posterior margin and FT with a row of moderate-size tubercles. Area I with a pair of paramedian conical-shaped tubercles; area III with a pair of long spiniform tubercles. All sulci of scutum and midline well marked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2936B54305FFFBFF13FA7BFB8CFA6F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1033,1995]" box="[199,1141,1429,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFF13FA7BFED9FA6F" bold="true" box="[199,288,1429,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Venter:</emphasis>
Granulated gnathocoxae. Cx I with a longitudinal anterior row of tubercles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2936B54305FFFBFF13FA57FE85F9DB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1033,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFF13FA57FEA9FA13" bold="true" box="[199,336,1465,1491]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Chelicerae:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304305FFFBFEB7FA57FE45FA13" box="[355,444,1465,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) Hyperthelic. Apical margin of the basal segment with digitiform projections, longer towards the mesal margin. Ectal margin with digitiform projections. Mobile finger with medial concavity. Fixed finger without teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2936B54305FFFBFF13F9CBFC89F90F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1033,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFF13F9CBFEBCF9FF" bold="true" box="[199,325,1573,1599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Pedipalps:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304305FFFBFE82F9CBFE2BF9FF" box="[342,466,1573,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 6GH</figureCitation>
) Fe with a curved ventral margin, a longitudinal row of small tubercles close to each other, and a ventral-apical tubercle; dorsal margin with an anterior longitudinal keel and some spaced tubercles. Pa with ectal and mesal margins longitudinally projected. Mesally with a dorso-apical tubercle. Ti elongated, distally with an ectal projection not well marked, mesally with a longitudinal ditch. Ta subtriangular, laterally extended with short setae on margins. Short claw, not exceeding mid-size of Ta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2936B54305FFFBFF13F937FB6FF80B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1033,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74305FFFBFF13F937FEF1F933" bold="true" box="[199,264,1753,1779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Legs:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304305FFFBFECFF937FE68F933" box="[283,401,1753,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[190,1397,179,1882]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AI: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view. EF: Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 6CF</figureCitation>
) Cx I and II with prominent anterior and posterior projections; both projections on Cx II bear a dorsal tubercle, with the anterior one located near the ozopore on DS. Cx IV has groin warts formed by a group of three tubercles, with a dorsal apical apophysis that has a dorsal-most blunt tubercle (
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304305FFFBFB14F8CFFAE3F8FC" box="[1216,1306,1825,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[151,1436,179,901]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AD: Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2620).A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Prosoma, dorsal view; D. Cx IV, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508510/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Tr I has a retrolateral basal tubercle; Tr III has two retrolateral tubercles, one basal and one distal; Tr IV has a basal retrolateral tubercle. Fe I, III, and IV are curved, while Fe II is straight; all Fe are granulated. Fe III has two ventral distal rows of tubercles extending from the medial to the distal portion; Fe IV has two ventral rows of distal tubercles, larger towards the apex. Pa and Ti are tuberculate. Mt IIV have pale rings. FT: 6(3):?-12:?-7:?-7.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5FE9663D4306FFF8FF4CF89BFE46F838" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14508512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508512/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" startId="10.[152,255,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1397,179,1882]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0B2936B54306FFF8FF4CF89BFE46F838" blockId="10.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74306FFF8FF4CF89BFEE1F84D" bold="true" box="[152,280,1909,1933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC964D364306FFF8FECAF89BFE36F84D" authorityName="Pinzón-M &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha" authorityYear="2024" box="[286,463,1909,1933]" class="Arachnida" family="Cosmetidae" genus="Rhaucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaiterus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74306FFF8FECAF89BFE36F84D" box="[286,463,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Rhaucus gaiterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74306FFF8FE01F89BFDA4F84D" bold="true" box="[469,605,1909,1933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22D157DC4306FFF8FE01F89BFDDCF84D" box="[469,549,1909,1933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
AI:
</emphasis>
Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Left chelicera, mesal view; C. Left leg I, tarsomeres, retrolateral view; D. Left Fe III, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74306FFF8FBDAF877FBBDF871" bold="true" box="[1038,1092,1945,1969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">EF:</emphasis>
Right Fe IV, E. Ventral view; F. Prolateral view. GH. Left pedipalp, G. Fe and Pa, mesal view; H. Ti and Ta, ventral view. I. Right pedipalp, Tr, Fe, Pa, Ti, and Ta, ectal view. Scales: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0B2936B54307FFF9FF13FF78FEF8FE6D" blockId="11.[151,1436,150,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74307FFF9FF13FF78FEE9FF70" bold="true" box="[199,272,150,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Penis:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93AD2A304307FFF9FEF5FF79FE62FF71" box="[289,411,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,486,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-167@11.[183,1404,486,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Rhaucus gaiterus sp. nov. AD.Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-2620). Penis. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view, arrow showing the areolated MS B.; CD. Lateral view. Scales: 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14508514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14508514/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Fig. 7AD</figureCitation>
) VP sub-rectangular, narrower at the base than distally, with a concave distal margin. Two pairs of MS C; two pairs of MS D, with D1 being long, acute, and cylindrical, located closer to the MS C pairs; D2 is shorter, dorsally attached, and closer to a unique pair of MS A, which share a similar appearance with MS D1. MS E is absent (see discussion), and a pair of MS B is located at the distal portion of the truncus, formed by a structure resembling an expansive orifice like a large pore with smooth margins, areolate. VP with lateral fields covered by microsetae T4, and the middle portion covered by microsetae T2. Wattle extended ventrally, with stylar barbs on the apical portion and an extended slit. Dorsal process is laterally flattened and bent ventrally, forming a spoon-shaped structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B2936B54307FFF9FF13FE59FE5CFE11" blockId="11.[151,1436,150,465]" box="[199,421,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="39E2EAA74307FFF9FF13FE59FED1FE11" bold="true" box="[199,296,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Female:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>