treatments-xml/data/82/0B/74/820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86.xml
2024-06-21 12:42:09 +02:00

250 lines
55 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="5AAE1210772EBD3CA4896606768F9DDF" ID-CLB-Dataset="5647" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.111.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e9daccca-2adf-4427-a8b5-2091d79262bc" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5078779" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625659368980" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lowe, Rex L., Kociolek, J. Patrick &amp; Vijver, Bart Van De" docDate="2013" docId="820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.111.1.39-52.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 111 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.111.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104.3:Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Orthoseira johansenii R. L. Lowe &amp; Kociolek 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="7E320C15FF9DFF93B468FFE85E66FC73" masterDocTitle="Two new Orthoseira species (Bacillariophyceae) from lava tubes on Île Amsterdam and Big Island (Hawai ΄ i)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1699026396769" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="8514AABB414D99427A8B4A338A577134" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0788A932AD4951B1B53935D1D1120016">
<mods:title id="DA6BB6B5D7713E4002CE07EA2C141996">Two new Orthoseira species (Bacillariophyceae) from lava tubes on Île Amsterdam and Big Island (Hawai ΄ i)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AEC94548CA0156BF7B2ABF1604727FE2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F77C71ECA2FB4CD025E6B1C3DCDDEED8">
<mods:roleTerm id="DEBA46EB75D8054CE000058C455EB073">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E53E72C47064EEACA90F004593E07F78">Lowe, Rex L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="87B1D6709B6E4A0BB32FBF9D69CD5520">Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA (lowe @ bgsu. edu) &amp; University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI 49769, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8E0F2408490FDC950C03DE761C31E2AD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="98152509E3B5A769587F91588923E413">
<mods:roleTerm id="10FF25BE5A443450E85FCD9DC2632D3A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F4267189D6EABDCD597D21403A764F7A">Kociolek, J. Patrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B344C219C77AF95F1E69FB66CEADF944">University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI 49769, USA &amp; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA (Patrick. Kociolek @ colorado. edu)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1E6901C47F70930D7EEA48091DDBBE3E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="64EBC78FE4F5797C145C6B6C18A7CA25">
<mods:roleTerm id="25D9819EAB78F2365710DC2D9DCB1D3F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0DBD591997BC0DE28D17D52541995549">Vijver, Bart Van De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AEBC78B92A797C8C4E1DDA6D15A2B20C">National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Department of Bryophyta &amp; Thallophyta, Domein van Bouchout, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium (vandevijver @ br. fgov. be, corresponding author) &amp; University of Antwerp, Department of Biology-ECOBE, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="17508590D7DAF24BDB4F1734625FF910">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="2B38C7C3A38644D3BD61EC39CA271828" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E955B73491FF2AC5762B611F39E1EAB0">
<mods:title id="98945E70E1730DDD96898CEF613251CF">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4D154C4F656AB137345974672920E419">
<mods:date id="56349B13B1C985598FD14F0AC560D542">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="ED25EA07FB2E63BAB2919E0189D35AE8" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EB4204DCB39813EAF61C0234A2DCBF8F">2013-06-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="66485A4AF3CC6CABAA9949412C9D894F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D00F51B8B3121B7D8A14BB33EA4095E6">111</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9E8F05E5A8151D893FA94D140BD6D210" type="issue">
<mods:number id="902BE8DD6F09BCE60D2CFEC406823E70">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="57A35BB93A737593855954B17FE2486B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="DA2652EBE52C7DC1639E9056B2FE19A6">39</mods:start>
<mods:end id="314BB618B573CD28C5F104A282276524">52</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="521348C2822F67977060A5A79E8F652F">
<mods:url id="911D8F4834B45EF14D38BD37CB8B317C">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.111.1.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="3BB551F2D2B379471005804A48BB5143">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="246E1622551BA7CABCB21B5ADB907135" type="CLB-Dataset">5647</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="516623CE921283B1D79AAE0BC5F5718D" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.111.1.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F16D73E06964D66E2E5398C834FF949D" type="GBIF-Dataset">e9daccca-2adf-4427-a8b5-2091d79262bc</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5CAA322A33F2CAA87C72713A57F6729B" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C7654013008C3EFAAA8ECAF5D257B96" type="Zenodo-Dep">5078779</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078793" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401029" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5078793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="42B896F0FF9AFF94B4FFF9B35C8BFB2A" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0A1DC57BFF9AFF94B4FFF9B35DC0FA06" blockId="7.[151,934,1627,1653]" box="[151,934,1627,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="51557217FF9AFF94B4FFF9B35DC0FA06" box="[151,934,1627,1653]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF9AFF94B4FFF9B35CC2FA06" authority="R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityName="R. L. Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,676,1627,1653]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Orthoseiraceae" genus="Orthoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Orthoseirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="johansenii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF9AFF94B4FFF9B35FFDFA06" bold="true" box="[151,411,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Orthoseira johansenii</emphasis>
R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="38D61969FF9AFF94B6C4F9B35D62FA07" box="[684,772,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="23E5A412FF9AFF94B6C4F9B35D62FA07" box="[684,772,1627,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF9AFF94B772F9B35DF8FA06" box="[794,926,1627,1653]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 3441" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4247" captionStart-2="FIGURES 4852" captionStartId-0="8.[151,257,1900,1921]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,257,1110,1131]" captionTargetBox-0="[404,1182,876,1880]" captionTargetBox-1="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetBox-2="[270,1316,197,1086]" captionTargetId-0="figure-356@8.[404,1182,876,1880]" captionTargetId-1="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetId-2="figure-414@10.[270,1317,197,1086]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 3441. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Light Microscopical views. Figs 3439 Valve views showing the variability in the extent of the hyaline central area and the number of carinoportulae. Figs 4041. Girdle views with focus on the bifurcating spines and the girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." captionText-2="FIGURES 4852. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 48. Internal view of an entire valve showing three carinoportulae. Fig. 49. Internal view of a valve linked to a second valve. Note the rather shallow mantle and hyaline area around the two carinportulae. Fig. 50. Detail of a broken valve edge showing the structure of the areolar canal closed by a velum. Fig. 51. Detail of a few areola in cross-section. Fig. 52. Detail of the carinoportulae. Note the absence of small slits between the carinoportulae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 48 &amp; 49, 2 µm in Figs 50 &amp; 52 and 1 µm in Fig. 51." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078795" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078799" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5078795/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5078799/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Figs 3452</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A1DC57BFF9AFF94B4FFF96A5C8BFB2A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1666,1881]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
Frustules cylindrical in girdle view, usually occurring singly or in short chains of 24 cells. Valves disc-shaped,
<quantity id="CD5A689EFF9AFF94B131F96A5E8DFACA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="44.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="24.0">2465 µm</quantity>
in diameter, mantle
<quantity id="CD5A689EFF9AFF94B5B8F94A5C58FACA" box="[464,574,1698,1721]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">1113 µm</quantity>
deep. Valve surface flat, forming a nearly right angle with the mantle. Mantle striae uniseriate, 1821/
<quantity id="CD5A689EFF9AFF94B5A6F92A5C7FFAAA" box="[462,537,1730,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
. Areolae on the valve face small, round, irregularly-scattered and rarely forming straight continuous striae restricted to the outer 2/3 of the valve face with the remaining surface forming an hyaline area pitted and containing carinoportulae. Carinoportulae relatively large, numbering 13. Marginal spines are usually straight but can but forked. Spines number 24/
<quantity id="CD5A689EFF9AFF94B777F8CA5D01FB4A" box="[799,871,1826,1849]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
. No caverns or internal undulations present. Internal valves wanting. Copulae open, numbering 57/cell.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="42B896F0FF9AFF94B4FFF8605DAFFB83" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0A1DC57BFF9AFF94B4FFF8605DAFFB83" blockId="7.[151,1437,1928,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF9AFF94B4FFF8605EB9FBD1" bold="true" box="[151,223,1928,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Type:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="BACACF26FF9AFF94B495F8615DAFFB83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3315122303" county="Volcanoes National Park" location="Honolulu" municipality="Bishop Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
Pua Poo lave tube,
<collectingCounty id="E37CBDF7FF9AFF94B59AF8615D79FBD0" box="[498,799,1929,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Volcanoes National Park</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="C8660B99FF9AFF94B744F8615DEAFBD0" box="[812,908,1929,1955]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
, slide no. BISH-755092 (
<typeStatus id="D5197BD9FF9AFF94B0AEF8615B5CFBD0" box="[1222,1338,1929,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="EA795F01FF9AFF94B120F8615F81FBBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Bishop Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B59DF8475C0DFBBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86:0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B59DF8475C0DFBBA" box="[501,619,1967,1993]" county="Volcanoes National Park" municipality="Bishop Museum of Natural History" name="Honolulu" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Hawaii">Honolulu</location>
), ANSP-20040 (
<location id="0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B75BF8475B64FBBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86:0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B75BF8475B64FBBA" box="[819,1282,1967,1993]" county="Volcanoes National Park" municipality="Bishop Museum of Natural History" name="Isotype Academy of Natural Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Hawaii">Isotype Academy of Natural Sciences</location>
, JPK-COLO 4195 (
<location id="0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B489F83E5C56FB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86:0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B489F83E5C56FB83" box="[225,560,2006,2032]" county="Volcanoes National Park" municipality="Bishop Museum of Natural History" name="Isotype Kociolek Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Hawaii">Isotype Kociolek Collection</location>
,
<location id="0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B653F83E5CD1FB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86:0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B653F83E5CD1FB83" box="[571,695,2006,2032]" county="Volcanoes National Park" municipality="Bishop Museum of Natural History" name="University" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Hawaii">University</location>
of
<collectingRegion id="C8660B99FF9AFF94B6B6F83E5D28FB83" box="[734,846,2006,2032]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Colorado</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B732F83E5DD8FB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:820B746DFF9AFF9AB4FFF9B35DB9FB86:0F7D93A0FF9AFF94B732F83E5DD8FB83" box="[858,958,2006,2032]" county="Volcanoes National Park" municipality="Bishop Museum of Natural History" name="Boulder" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Hawaii">Boulder</location>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="42B896F0FF95FF9BB4AEFF7F5CC2FF30" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0A1DC57BFF95FF9BB4AEFF7F5C29FCAB" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF95FF9BB4AEFF7F5F12FCC2" bold="true" box="[198,372,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Etymology:—</emphasis>
the specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF95FF9BB631FF705CB5FCC2" authorityName="R. L. Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2013" box="[601,723,152,177]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Orthoseiraceae" genus="Orthoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Orthoseirales" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="johansenii">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF95FF9BB631FF705CB5FCC2" box="[601,723,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">johansenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to our friend and colleague Dr. Jeffrey Johansen, John Carroll University (Cleveland,
<collectingCountry id="72B585EBFF95FF9BB66BFF565C25FCAB" box="[515,579,190,216]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">USA</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A1DC57BFF95FF9BB4AEFF0D5CC2FF30" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF95FF9BB4AEFF0D5FF5FC8C" bold="true" box="[198,403,229,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Observations:—</emphasis>
In the SEM, the valve face is flat (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB740FF0D5D19FC8C" box="[808,895,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
) to weakly domed/concave (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB0BAFF0D5B4CFC8C" box="[1234,1322,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Hyaline central area smooth (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB5E6FEE45C72FD55" box="[398,532,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 42, 43</figureCitation>
) and may be reduced due to irregularly-placed areolae (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB0C3FEE45A99FD55" box="[1195,1279,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). Areolae in defined striae near the margin becoming irregularly spaced towards the valve centre (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB0E2FEDA5B72FD3F" box="[1162,1300,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 42, 45</figureCitation>
), small and poroid, sometimes surrounded by a slightly raised rim (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB748FEB15DCFFD00" box="[800,937,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 44, 45</figureCitation>
). No difference in areolae structure or size between valve face and mantle (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB672FE685C12FDE9" box="[538,628,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). Areolae on the mantle always arranged in parallel striae (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB151FE685EDEFDB3" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 45, 46</figureCitation>
). External marginal pore fields between spines absent (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB728FE4E5DFEFDB3" box="[832,920,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Carinoportulae distinct in the central area, often surrounded by raised rosettes or fine ridges (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB68CFE255D5AFD94" box="[740,828,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
), each with a pronounced (sometimes even conical) silica collar (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB55BFE1C5FE8FE7D" box="[307,398,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). Valve face/mantle junction abrupt with rounded edge (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB059FE1C5AEAFE7D" box="[1073,1164,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Ring of large linking spines may be present (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB5D2FDF25C2AFE47" box="[442,588,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 45, 46</figureCitation>
), but in this species more frequently encountered are stout siliceous thickenings (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB545FDA95FD3FE28" box="[301,437,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 45, 46</figureCitation>
). Linked spines plate-like, bifurcated or with a quite complex shape (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB0B4FDA95B05FE28" box="[1244,1379,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 45, 46</figureCitation>
). On the mantle small, irregular thickenings visible between the areolae (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB7C2FD805A67FEF1" box="[938,1025,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Internally, valve face flat, smooth (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB4C8FD665F5AFEDB" box="[160,316,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 4852" captionStartId="10.[151,257,1110,1131]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,197,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[270,1317,197,1086]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 4852. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 48. Internal view of an entire valve showing three carinoportulae. Fig. 49. Internal view of a valve linked to a second valve. Note the rather shallow mantle and hyaline area around the two carinportulae. Fig. 50. Detail of a broken valve edge showing the structure of the areolar canal closed by a velum. Fig. 51. Detail of a few areola in cross-section. Fig. 52. Detail of the carinoportulae. Note the absence of small slits between the carinoportulae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 48 &amp; 49, 2 µm in Figs 50 &amp; 52 and 1 µm in Fig. 51." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 48, 49</figureCitation>
). Areolae appearing as small rounded poroids (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB7DBFD665A71FEDB" box="[947,1047,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 4852" captionStartId="10.[151,257,1110,1131]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,197,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[270,1317,197,1086]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 4852. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 48. Internal view of an entire valve showing three carinoportulae. Fig. 49. Internal view of a valve linked to a second valve. Note the rather shallow mantle and hyaline area around the two carinportulae. Fig. 50. Detail of a broken valve edge showing the structure of the areolar canal closed by a velum. Fig. 51. Detail of a few areola in cross-section. Fig. 52. Detail of the carinoportulae. Note the absence of small slits between the carinoportulae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 48 &amp; 49, 2 µm in Figs 50 &amp; 52 and 1 µm in Fig. 51." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
), with a velum (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB099FD665BEBFEDB" box="[1265,1421,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 4852" captionStartId="10.[151,257,1110,1131]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,197,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[270,1317,197,1086]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 4852. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 48. Internal view of an entire valve showing three carinoportulae. Fig. 49. Internal view of a valve linked to a second valve. Note the rather shallow mantle and hyaline area around the two carinportulae. Fig. 50. Detail of a broken valve edge showing the structure of the areolar canal closed by a velum. Fig. 51. Detail of a few areola in cross-section. Fig. 52. Detail of the carinoportulae. Note the absence of small slits between the carinoportulae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 48 &amp; 49, 2 µm in Figs 50 &amp; 52 and 1 µm in Fig. 51." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 50, 51</figureCitation>
). Carinoportulae unoccluded, with small, simple and rounded internal openings (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB00BFD5D5B7FFEBC" box="[1123,1305,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 4852" captionStartId="10.[151,257,1110,1131]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,197,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[270,1317,197,1086]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 4852. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 48. Internal view of an entire valve showing three carinoportulae. Fig. 49. Internal view of a valve linked to a second valve. Note the rather shallow mantle and hyaline area around the two carinportulae. Fig. 50. Detail of a broken valve edge showing the structure of the areolar canal closed by a velum. Fig. 51. Detail of a few areola in cross-section. Fig. 52. Detail of the carinoportulae. Note the absence of small slits between the carinoportulae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 48 &amp; 49, 2 µm in Figs 50 &amp; 52 and 1 µm in Fig. 51." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs48, 49, 52</figureCitation>
). No other processes are present on the valve interior. Copulae open, with very small poroids scattered or organized into one straight row and others scattered, parallel to the pervalvar axis (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB076FCEA5AE1FF6F" box="[1054,1159,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs 47</figureCitation>
). Sometimes copulae ornamentation is but a few poroids (
<figureCitation id="9299D9FEFF95FF9BB656FCC15CF0FF30" box="[574,662,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURES 4247" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-244@9.[270,1317,153,1605]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4247. Orthoseira johansenii R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5EDD95F3FF95FF9BB4FFF8845D47FBB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5078795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078795/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" startId="8.[151,257,1900,1921]" targetBox="[404,1182,876,1880]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="0A1DC57BFF95FF9BB4FFF8845D47FBB3" blockId="8.[151,1436,1900,1984]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF95FF9BB4FFF8845F2FFBF2" bold="true" box="[151,329,1900,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 3441.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF95FF9BB527F8855C99FBF1" authority="R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityName="R. L. Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2013" box="[335,767,1901,1922]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Orthoseiraceae" genus="Orthoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Orthoseirales" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="johansenii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF95FF9BB527F8855C44FBF1" box="[335,546,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Orthoseira johansenii</emphasis>
R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="38D61969FF95FF9BB76DF8855D28FBF1" box="[773,846,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="23E5A412FF95FF9BB76DF8855D28FBF1" box="[773,846,1901,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Light Microscopical views. Figs 3439 Valve views showing the variability in the extent of the hyaline central area and the number of carinoportulae. Figs 4041. Girdle views with focus on the bifurcating spines and the girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5EDD95F3FF94FF9AB4FFF9BC5A66FB68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5078797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5078797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5078797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" startId="9.[151,257,1620,1641]" targetBox="[270,1316,153,1605]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="0A1DC57BFF94FF9AB4FFF9BC5A66FB68" blockId="9.[150,1436,1620,1819]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB4FFF9BC5F2EFA1A" bold="true" box="[151,328,1620,1641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 4247.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB526F9BC5C98FA1A" authority="R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityName="R. L. Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2013" box="[334,766,1620,1641]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Orthoseiraceae" genus="Orthoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Orthoseirales" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="johansenii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB526F9BC5C47FA1A" box="[334,545,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Orthoseira johansenii</emphasis>
R.L.Lowe &amp; Kociolek
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB76BF9BC5D2AFA1A" box="[771,844,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="23E5A412FF94FF9AB76BF9BC5D2AFA1A" box="[771,844,1620,1641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Scanning Electron Micrographs. Fig. 42. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, the small hyaline central area and the rows of areolae and the (eroded) regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 43. External view of an entire valve showing two carinoportulae, a more irregular pattern of areolae, a larger hyaline central area and regularly placed linking spines. Fig. 44. Detail of the carinoportulae with a raised rim. Note also the raised areolae. Fig. 45. Detail of the valve face/mantle junction with big spines and silica outgrowths on the mantle. Fig. 46. Detail of two valves linked by bifurcating linking spines and one open girdle band with small perforations. Fig. 47. Detail of the perforated, open girdle bands. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Figs 42, 43, 46 &amp; 47 and 1 µm in figs 44 &amp; 45.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="42B896F0FF94FF9AB4AEF8A85DB9FB86" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0A1DC57BFF94FF9AB4AEF8A85DB9FB86" blockId="9.[151,1436,1856,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB4AEF8A85F37FB29" bold="true" box="[198,337,1856,1882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Ecology:—</emphasis>
The internal surface of this lava tube was damp, with soil, bryophytes and exposed lava representing the primary microhabitats. Present along with
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB711F8805A79FBF2" authorityName="R. L. Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2013" box="[889,1055,1896,1921]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Orthoseiraceae" genus="Orthoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Orthoseirales" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="johansenii">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB711F8805A79FBF2" box="[889,1055,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">O. johansenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB004F8805A94FBF2" box="[1132,1266,1895,1921]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Nupela" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB004F8805AA2FBF2" box="[1132,1220,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Nupela</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB16AF8805BFAFBF2" box="[1282,1436,1895,1921]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Melosiraceae" genus="Melosira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Melosirales" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB16AF8805B16FBF2" box="[1282,1392,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Melosira</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB4FFF8665F09FBDB" box="[151,367,1934,1960]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Kobayasiella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB4FFF8665F27FBD4" box="[151,321,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Kobayasiella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB513F8665DF5FBDB" authority="G. A. Arnott ex Grunow" authorityName="Grunow" box="[379,915,1934,1960]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diadesmidaceae" genus="Diadesmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="biceps">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB513F8665C39FBD4" box="[379,607,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Diadesmis biceps</emphasis>
G.A.Arnott ex Grunow
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="6E33B88AFF94FF9AB7A9F8665AB1FBDB" author="Van Heurck, H." box="[961,1239,1934,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref7616" refString="Van Heurck, H. (1880) Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique. Atlas. Ducaju &amp; Cie., Anvers. pls 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1880">Van Heurck 1880: 14</bibRefCitation>
/31b,
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB14CF8665C78FBBC" authority="Rabenh. (1860: 40)" authorityName="Rabenh." authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1860" class="Monogenea" family="Capsalidae" genus="Nitzschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Capsalidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hantzschiana">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB14CF8665F54FBBD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Nitzschia hantzschiana</emphasis>
Rabenh. (1860: 40)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB631F85D5DFFFBBD" box="[601,921,1973,1998]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Pinnularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="divergentissima">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB631F85D5DFFFBBD" box="[601,921,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Pinnularia divergentissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Grunow in
<bibRefCitation id="6E33B88AFF94FF9AB05AF85D5B79FBBC" author="Van Heurck, H." box="[1074,1311,1973,1999]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref7616" refString="Van Heurck, H. (1880) Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique. Atlas. Ducaju &amp; Cie., Anvers. pls 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1880">Van Heurck 1880: 6</bibRefCitation>
/32)
<bibRefCitation id="6E33B88AFF94FF9AB13FF85D5F64FB86" author="Cleve, P. T." pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref6014" refString="Cleve, P. T. (1895) Synopsis of the Naviculoid Diatoms, Part II. Kongliga Svenska-Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 27: 1 - 219." type="journal article" year="1895">Cleve 1895: 77</bibRefCitation>
. Of these diatoms,
<taxonomicName id="CDA2BEF8FF94FF9AB58AF8335CE6FB87" authorityName="R. L. Lowe &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2013" box="[482,640,2011,2036]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Orthoseiraceae" genus="Orthoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Orthoseirales" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="johansenii">
<emphasis id="38D61969FF94FF9AB58AF8335CE6FB87" box="[482,640,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">O. johansenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the least abundant taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>