1124 lines
94 KiB
XML
1124 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8705" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d361961-ea80-498b-8083-bc6008c8bb28" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127883267" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-2" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F5AA095-C68A-43E6-BCF8-4A02815A693F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-2" ModsDocOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 90 (2)" ModsDocTitle="A new species of nocturnal gecko (Paroedura) from karstic limestone in northern Madagascar" checkinTime="1418151156209" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Glaw, Frank, Roesler, Herbert, Ineich, Ivan, Gehring, Philip-Sebastian, Koehler, Joern & Miguel Vences," docDate="2014" docId="8197BC1F7DFDFCF65556516BA56DBA4E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 90(2): 249-259" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 90 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8705" docTitle="Paroedura hordiesi Glaw, Roesler, Ineich, Gehring, Koehler & Vences, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8F5AA095-C68A-43E6-BCF8-4A02815A693F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="255" masterDocId="FFA5E628FFBDFFBCFD6E6145E568FFC0" masterDocTitle="A new species of nocturnal gecko (Paroedura) from karstic limestone in northern Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="259" masterPageNumber="249" pageId="0" pageNumber="249" updateTime="1643679404380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A new species of nocturnal gecko (Paroedura) from karstic limestone in northern Madagascar</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Roesler, Herbert</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ineich, Ivan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Gehring, Philip-Sebastian</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Koehler, Joern</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Miguel Vences,</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>90</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>249</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>259</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8705</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8705</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CC6E4851-C6FD-4B47-973E-3E045390B579</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127883267" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F5AA095-C68A-43E6-BCF8-4A02815A693F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8197BC1F7DFDFCF65556516BA56DBA4E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="0" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="249" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="249">Taxon classification Animalia Squamata Gekkonidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="249" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8F5AA095-C68A-43E6-BCF8-4A02815A693F" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="249">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 2, 3, 4, Table 1
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="0" pageNumber="249" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="249">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="0" pageNumber="249">
|
||
This species has been treated or figured under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura homalorhinus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="homalorhinus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="250" start="start">Paroedura</pageBreakToken>
|
||
homalorhinus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henkel, FW" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="Amphibien und Reptilien Madagaskars, der Maskarenen, Seychellen und Komoren." year="1995">Henkel and Schmidt 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura karstophila" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karstophila">Paroedura karstophila</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="249 - 256" title="A new species of Paroedura Guenther from northern Madagascar (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae)." volume="24" year="2001">Glaw et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français”">Francais"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlag, Cologne" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar" year="2007">Glaw and Vences 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Cruze, N" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Conservation and Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="87 - 99" title="The first comprehensive survey of amphibians and reptiles at Montagne des Francais, Madagascar." volume="2" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Cruze">D'Cruze</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura karstophila subsp. karstophila" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karstophila" subSpecies="karstophila" uncertainty-rank="aff.">Paroedura aff. karstophila</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schoenecker, P" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Terralog" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 144" title="Geckos of Madagascar, the Seychelles, Comoros and Mascarene Islands." volume="12" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönecker">Schoenecker</normalizedToken>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura karstophila subsp. karstophila" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karstophila" subSpecies="karstophila" uncertainty-rank="cf.">Paroedura cf. karstophila</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Megson, S" journalOrPublisher="Herpetology Notes" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="31 - 44" title="A comprehensive survey of amphibians and reptiles in the extreme north of Madagascar." volume="2" year="2009">Megson et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. / sp. n. 1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, TR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="74 - 81" title="Molecular phylogenetic relationships among species of the Malagasy-Comoran gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.018" volume="46" year="2008">Jackman et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nagy, ZT" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" title="First large-scale DNA barcoding assessment of reptiles in the biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar, based on newly designed COI primers." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0034506" volume="7" year="2012">Nagy et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its karyotype (2n = 36) has been described under the names
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. I 'Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français’">Francais'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aprea, G" journalOrPublisher="African Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="96 - 108" title="Chromosomal rearrangements occurred repeatedly and independently during species diversification in Malagasy geckos, genus Paroedura." url="10.3377/004.048.0101" volume="48" year="2013">Aprea et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura karstophila" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karstophila">Paroedura karstophila</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koubova, M" journalOrPublisher="Organisms, Diversity and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="Chromosome Research" url="10.1007/s10577-014-9430-z" year="2014">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koubová">Koubova</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). DNA-sequences of this species have been published in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, TR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="74 - 81" title="Molecular phylogenetic relationships among species of the Malagasy-Comoran gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.018" volume="46" year="2008">Jackman et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aprea, G" journalOrPublisher="African Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="96 - 108" title="Chromosomal rearrangements occurred repeatedly and independently during species diversification in Malagasy geckos, genus Paroedura." url="10.3377/004.048.0101" volume="48" year="2013">Aprea et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koubova, M" journalOrPublisher="Organisms, Diversity and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="Chromosome Research" url="10.1007/s10577-014-9430-z" year="2014">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koubová">Koubova</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="250" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
|
||
ZSM 342/2004 (field number FGZC 639), adult male with (broken) original tail and everted hemipenes, collected at Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.326111">
|
||
12°19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘34“">'34"</normalizedToken>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="49.33583">
|
||
49°20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘09“">'09"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 334 m above sea level), Antsiranana Province, north Madagascar, on 18 February 2004 by F. Glaw, M. Puente and R. Randrianiaina. GenBank accession numbers for sequences of the holotype (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, TR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="74 - 81" title="Molecular phylogenetic relationships among species of the Malagasy-Comoran gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.018" volume="46" year="2008">Jackman et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): EF536213 (ND2), EF536239 (ND4), EF536165 (RAG1) and EF536189 (PDC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
|
||
All paratypes were collected in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“tsingy”">"tsingy"</normalizedToken>
|
||
limestone massif at Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Antsiranana province, north Madagascar. Specimens were collected on the tsingy outcrops along the way between the Hotel "Kings Lodge" (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.312445">
|
||
12°18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’44,8’’">'44,8''</normalizedToken>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.33961">
|
||
49°20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’22,6’’">'22,6''</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 m a.s.l.) and the remains of the French Fort (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.326111">
|
||
12°19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’34’’">'34''</normalizedToken>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="49.33583">
|
||
49°20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’09’’">'09''</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 334 m), except where other locality information and coordinates are given in the following: UADBA uncatalogued (FG/MV 2000-317), sex unknown, and ZSM 531/2000 (FG/MV 2000-316), adult male with everted hemipenes, both collected on 14 March 2000 by F. Glaw, K. Glaw and M. Vences; ZSM 532/2000 (no field number), adult female, collected on 21 March 2000 by F. Glaw and K. Glaw; ZSM 1108/2003 (no field number), adult female, collected on ca. 20 February 2003 by F. Glaw and R. D. Randrianiaina; ZSM 337/2004 (FGZC 634), subadult, and ZSM 338/2004 (FGZC 635), subadult, both collected at
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.326111">
|
||
12°19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘34“">'34"</normalizedToken>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="49.33583">
|
||
49°20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘09“">'09"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 334 m a.s.l., on 23 February 2004 by F. Glaw, M. Puente and R. D. Randrianiaina; ZSM 339/2004 (FGZC 636), adult female, ZSM 340/2004 (FGZC 637), adult female, ZSM 341/2004 (FGZC 638), adult female [original tail broken], all three with same data as holotype; ZSM 343/2004 (FGZC 640), adult male without tail, and ZSM 350/2004 (FGZC 647), adult female, both without reliable locality and collection data, but most likely with same data as holotype; UADBA uncatalogued (FGZC 612), sex unknown, collected at
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.326111">
|
||
12°19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘34“">'34"</normalizedToken>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="49.33583">
|
||
49°20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘09“">'09"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 334 m a.s.l., on 20-28 February 2004 by F. Glaw, M. Puente and R. D. Randrianiaina; ZSM 352/2004 (FGZC 649), adult, and ZSM 353/2004 (FGZC 650), adult female, both collected at
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.326111">
|
||
12°19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘34“">'34"</normalizedToken>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="49.33583">
|
||
49°20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘09“">'09"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 334 m a.s.l.,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="251" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
|
||
18-23 February 2004 by F. Glaw, M. Puente and R. D. Randrianiaina; UADBA-R 70183 (FGZC 1109), adult male with everted hemipenes, UADBA-R 70185 (FGZC 1112), male, UADBA-R 70184 (FGZC 1114), adult female, ZSM 2106/2007 (FGZC 1099), juvenile, ZSM 2107/2007 (FGZC 1100), juvenile, ZSM 2113/2007 (FGZC 1115), adult female, all six collected around the remains of the French Fort (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.325833">
|
||
12°19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’33’’">'33''</normalizedToken>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="49.338055">
|
||
49°20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’17’’">'17''</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected on 27 February 2007 by P. Bora, H. Enting, F. Glaw, A. Knoll and J.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
|
||
; UADBA-R 70281 (FGZC 1659), sex unknown, ZSM 1530/2008 (FGZC 1660), adult female, both collected in the cave between Andavakoera and remains of French Fort, on 16 February 2008 by M. Franzen, F. Glaw, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Z. T. Nagy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="251" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="251">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="251">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is a medium-sized species (SVL up to 58 mm, tail length up to 53 mm), having moderately prominent dorsal tubercles disposed into moderately distinct, and generally regular longitudinal rows and an original tail with no spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="251">
|
||
The new species can be easily attributed to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on its nested phylogenetic position within the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, TR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="74 - 81" title="Molecular phylogenetic relationships among species of the Malagasy-Comoran gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.018" volume="46" year="2008">Jackman et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and its morphological similarity to other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, especially concerning the ventral structure of their fingers and toes which comprise a pair of squarish terminal adhesive pads. Among Malagasy geckos this terminal toe structure is only found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the related genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Ebenavia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ebenavia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ebenavia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Glaw & Vences, 2007). The latter genus can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its much narrower and strongly pointed head, its elongated body, and smaller size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="251">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">
|
||
The new species can be distinguished from the 17 other currently recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="252" start="start">Paroedura</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (including the three available junior synonyms in the genus) as follows: From
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura androyensis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="androyensis">Paroedura androyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura bastardi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bastardi">Paroedura bastardi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura ibityensis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibityensis">Paroedura ibityensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura lohatsara" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lohatsara">Paroedura lohatsara</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura maingoka" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maingoka">Paroedura maingoka</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura picta" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">Paroedura picta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura vahiny" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vahiny">Paroedura vahiny</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the nostril in contact with the rostral scale; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura gracilis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">Paroedura gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
by absence of a raised vertebral ridge on the body and shorter forelimbs which are not extending forward beyond tip of snout; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura masobe" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masobe">Paroedura masobe</taxonomicName>
|
||
by much smaller size (SVL up to 58 mm versus 107 mm), much smaller eyes with a pigmented iris (versus black iris) and absence of a dorsal row of paired spines on the tail; from the two Comoroan species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura sanctijohannis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanctijohannis">Paroedura sanctijohannis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stellata" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellata">Paroedura stellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
by slightly smaller size (SVL up to 58 mm versus 68 mm and 62 mm, respectively) and absence of whorls with distinct spiny tubercles of the original tail; from the syntopically distributed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stumpffi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stumpffi">Paroedura stumpffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller size (SVL up to 58 mm versus 70 mm) and absence of whorls with distinct spiny tubercles of the original tail; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura tanjaka" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanjaka">Paroedura tanjaka</taxonomicName>
|
||
by much smaller size (SVL up to 58 mm versus 102 mm) and absence of whorls with distinct spiny tubercles of the original tail; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura vazimba" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vazimba">Paroedura vazimba</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (SVL up to 58 mm versus 49 mm) and absence of whorls with distinct spines of the original tail; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura oviceps" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviceps">Paroedura oviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its type locality Nosy Be by smaller size (SVL up to 58 mm versus 69 mm) and rather regularly arranged tubercle rows on the back (versus rather irregular rows of tubercles); from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura karstophila" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karstophila">Paroedura karstophila</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of whorls with distinct spiny tubercles of the original tail (and by a smoother regenerated tail, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nussbaum, RA" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 26" title="Systematic revision of the genus Paroedura Guenther (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), with description of five new species." volume="189" year="2000">Nussbaum and Raxworthy 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and by colouration (see Fig. 2 versus Fig. 5); and from its close relative
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura homalorhina" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="homalorhina">Paroedura homalorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, TR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="74 - 81" title="Molecular phylogenetic relationships among species of the Malagasy-Comoran gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.018" volume="46" year="2008">Jackman et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by shorter limbs (finger tips reach the anterior margin of eye versus snout tip when forelimbs are adpressed along the body), slightly smaller size (SVL up to 58 mm versus 65 mm, see Table 2), distinct and generally regularly arranged tubercles rows on the back (versus less distinct and less regular rows), and a more slender habitus (see Fig. 2 versus Fig. 5). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from most other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura androyensis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="androyensis">Paroedura androyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura bastardi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bastardi">Paroedura bastardi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura gracilis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">Paroedura gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura ibityensis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibityensis">Paroedura ibityensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura lohatsara" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lohatsara">Paroedura lohatsara</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura maingoka" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maingoka">Paroedura maingoka</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura masobe" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masobe">Paroedura masobe</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura oviceps" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviceps">Paroedura oviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura picta" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">Paroedura picta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura sanctijohannis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanctijohannis">Paroedura sanctijohannis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stellata" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellata">Paroedura stellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stumpffi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stumpffi">Paroedura stumpffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura tanjaka" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanjaka">Paroedura tanjaka</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura vahiny" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vahiny">Paroedura vahiny</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura vazimba" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vazimba">Paroedura vazimba</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by adult colouration in life (see colour photographs in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlag, Cologne" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar" year="2007">Glaw and Vences 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schoenecker, P" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Terralog" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 144" title="Geckos of Madagascar, the Seychelles, Comoros and Mascarene Islands." volume="12" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönecker">Schoenecker</normalizedToken>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hawlitschek, O" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="135 - 150" title="The complex colonization history of nocturnal geckos (Paroedura) on the Comoros Archipelago." url="10.1111/zsc.12001" volume="42" year="2013">Hawlitschek and Glaw 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura androyensis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="androyensis">Paroedura androyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura bastardi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bastardi">Paroedura bastardi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura gracilis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">Paroedura gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura homalorhina" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="homalorhina">Paroedura homalorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura ibityensis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibityensis">Paroedura ibityensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura lohatsara" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lohatsara">Paroedura lohatsara</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura maingoka" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maingoka">Paroedura maingoka</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura masobe" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masobe">Paroedura masobe</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura picta" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">Paroedura picta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura sanctijohannis" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanctijohannis">Paroedura sanctijohannis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stellata" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellata">Paroedura stellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stumpffi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stumpffi">Paroedura stumpffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura tanjaka" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanjaka">Paroedura tanjaka</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura vazimba" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vazimba">Paroedura vazimba</taxonomicName>
|
||
by juvenile colouration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlag, Cologne" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar" year="2007">Glaw and Vences 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schoenecker, P" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Terralog" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 144" title="Geckos of Madagascar, the Seychelles, Comoros and Mascarene Islands." volume="12" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönecker">Schoenecker</normalizedToken>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hawlitschek, O" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="135 - 150" title="The complex colonization history of nocturnal geckos (Paroedura) on the Comoros Archipelago." url="10.1111/zsc.12001" volume="42" year="2013">Hawlitschek and Glaw 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, FG pers. obs.; juvenile colouration of the other species still unknown). Genetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other species in the genus by its molecular differentiation in mitochondrial and nuclear genes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, TR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="74 - 81" title="Molecular phylogenetic relationships among species of the Malagasy-Comoran gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.018" volume="46" year="2008">Jackman et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nagy, ZT" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" title="First large-scale DNA barcoding assessment of reptiles in the biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar, based on newly designed COI primers." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0034506" volume="7" year="2012">Nagy et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hawlitschek, O" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="135 - 150" title="The complex colonization history of nocturnal geckos (Paroedura) on the Comoros Archipelago." url="10.1111/zsc.12001" volume="42" year="2013">Hawlitschek and Glaw 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 1) except for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura vahiny" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vahiny">Paroedura vahiny</taxonomicName>
|
||
for which DNA sequences are not yet available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
|
||
Figure 2. Paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) adult male ZSM 531/2000 (SVL 53.5 mm) in dorsolateral view; (B) adult female ZSM 2113/2007 (SVL 46.1 mm) in dorsal view; (C) subadult ZSM 2107/2007 in lateral view; (D) juvenile (ZSM 2106/2007, SVL 28.1 mm) and subadult (ZSM 2107/2007, SVL 35.2 mm) in dorsolateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" type="description of the holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
|
||
SVL 52.6 mm, further measurements and counts are given in Table 1. Holotype in good condition, with complete but broken original tail and everted hemipenes. Head distinctly wider than neck and wider than body. Snout angled downward to tip, slight depression between poorly developed canthal ridges. Ear opening is a vertical slit. Original tail slightly shorter than snout-vent length, nearly round in cross section in its proximal part, laterally compressed in its distal half, with sharply pointed tip; ventral pygal section with pair of postcloacal sacs. Digits moderately expanded at tips. Rostral scale rectangular, much wider than tall and wider than mental. Nostril in contact with
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="253" start="start">rostral</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, first supralabial, and five further scales. First supralabial largest, labials smooth. Snout and interorbital scales juxtaposed, some raised, some scales in front of orbits tuberculate, as are some larger lateral occipital scales. Dorsolateral neck and body scales very heterogeneous with about eight partly poorly recognizable longitudinal rows at midbody of enlarged tubercles; enlarged tubercles separated partly by small flat scales and smaller tubercles. Dorsal scales of forelimbs mostly flat. Dorsal scales of hindlimbs large and tuberculate, much smaller above knee. Ventral scales of forelimbs slightly smaller than surrounding ventral scales of the body. Dorsal pygal scales like dorsal body scales; lateroventral pygals tuberculate. Tail scales flat, tail segments without any transverse row of spiny tubercles. Mental triangular, bordered posteriorly by a pair of elongate, irregular hexagonal postmentals. Postmentals contact mental, first and second infralabial, one enlarged lateral gular, one smaller posterolateral gular, and one larger central gular. First three infralabials not significantly larger than others. Gulars small, granular. Ventrals of chest and abdomen flat. Proximal subdigitals in rows of 2-3. Pair of squarish, terminal pads. Claws curving downwards between terminal pads of digits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Table 1. Morphometric and meristic variation of several type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Abbreviations for measurements and counts (see Materials and Methods for other abbreviations): ZSM = Zoologische Staatssammlung
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="München">Muenchen</normalizedToken>
|
||
; SVL = snout-vent length; TL = tail length; HL = maximum head length (from tip of snout to posterior margin of ear); HW = maximum head width, at widest point; HH = maximum head height; AGL = axilla-groin distance; ED = maximum eye diameter; EO = maximum ear opening diameter; FOL = forelimb length, from axilla to tip of longest finger; HIL = hindlimb length, from groin to tip of longest toe; SPL = number of supralabial scales; IFL = number of infralabial scales; NAS = number of nasals in direction from rostral to labial including nasorostrals, supranasals, postnasals; IN = number of internasals; IO = number of interorbitals; PM = number of postmentals; SLM4 = number of subdigital lamellae on fourth digit of manus; SLP4 = number of subdigital lamellae on fourth toe of pes; PCT = number of postcloacal tubercles; TLT = number of tubercle rows on tail. Counts are listed left-right. All measurements in Tables 1 and 2 were taken by H.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rösler">Roesler</normalizedToken>
|
||
with a caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. HT = holotype, PT = paratype, F = female, M = male, SA = subadult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">ZSM</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">352/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">353/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">340/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">350/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">339/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">341/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">338/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">337/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">342/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">343/2004</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Type status</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PT</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Sex</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SA F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SA</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">56.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">55.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">56.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">54.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">58.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">57.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">43.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">43.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">52.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">51.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">TL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">48.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">53.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">51.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HW</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">10.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">10.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">11.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HH</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">AGL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">25.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">22.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">23.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">22.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">23.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">23.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">21.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">21.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">ED</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">EO</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">FOL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">20.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">20.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">20.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">20.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">21.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HIL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">27.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">25.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">28.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">28.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">28.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">30.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">24.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">24.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">27.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">26.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SVL:HIL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.07</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.94</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.03</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.91</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.78</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.76</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.91</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.96</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SPL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">IFL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">n.a.-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">NAS</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">IN</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">IO</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PM</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SLM4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SLP4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19-19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">20-20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18-17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19-19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PCT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">TLT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Table 2. Morphometric and meristic variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura homalorhina" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="homalorhina">Paroedura homalorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality Ankarana. See Table 1 for abbreviations and further details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">ZSM</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">345/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">347/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">348/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">346/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">349/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">344/2004</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">768/2003</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">781/2003</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Sex</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">64.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">58.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">58.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">61.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">61.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">61.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">60.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">62.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">TL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">68.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">60.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">61.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HW</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">11.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">11.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HH</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">AGL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">26.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">24.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">23.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">27.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">28.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">27.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">26.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">24.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">ED</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">EO</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">FOL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">23.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">23.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">22.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">25.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">21.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">25.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">24.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">25.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">HIL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">36.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">36.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">33.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">39.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">35.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">33.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">34.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">35.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SVL:HIL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.78</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.78</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.57</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.74</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.87</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.75</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.75</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SPL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">IFL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">14-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">13-12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">NAS</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6-6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6-6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">IN</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">IO</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PM</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SLM4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17-17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">n.a.-17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">SLP4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18-19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18-19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">18-17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">20-20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19-20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19-19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19-19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19-18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">PCT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">TLT</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Colour after 10 years in alcohol (Fig. 3): head dorsally beige with almost no recognizable pattern except a whitish dorsolateral spot above each ear opening and a well-defined blackish area above each eye which represents, however, no pigmentation of the skin, but is due to the blackish eyeball shining through the skin. Dorsum greyish with four poorly defined beige spots on the back which are the remains of dorsal crossbands: one distinct spot between the forelimbs, two poorly recognizable spots on the back between forelimbs and hindlimbs, and a fourth poorly recognizable spot between the hindlimbs. Dorsal surfaces of forelimbs and hindlimbs marbled with beige and grey. Flanks with similar colour as dorsum, but without any recognizable traces of light crossbands. Tail dorsally with whitish-grey and brown alternating transverse bands which are poorly delimited in the distal portion of the tail. Throat, chest, venter, ventral parts of forelimbs and hindlimbs and ventral side of tail whitish. Iris dark grey, pupil white. Colour of holotype in life unknown (no colour photographs available).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Figure 3. Dorsal view of the male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in preservative (ZSM 342/2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="254" start="start">Variation</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Morphometric and meristic variation of ten specimens of the type series is summarized in Table 1, but there is also a remarkable individual variation in dorsal colouration and pattern (Fig. 2). Paratype ZSM 2106/2007, the smallest known juvenile (SVL 28.1 mm, tail length 25.2 mm), shows a moderately distinct juvenile colouration both in life (Fig. 2) and in preservative consisting of four light crossbands on the back between the insertion of forelimbs and the insertion of hindlimbs. A similarly distinct banding on body and original tail is still visible in the larger juvenile paratype ZSM 2107/2007 (Fig. 2, SVL 35.2 mm, tail length 34.7 mm). Although the juvenile colouration is distinct compared to most adults, it is less colourful and less contrasting in comparison with many other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The adult paratypes usually have a less distinct dorsal colour pattern than the juveniles, ranging from poorly recognizable (e. g. ZSM 532/2000) to distinct and well delimited (e. g. ZSM 531/2000) after 14 years in alcohol. Additional photographs of living individuals are provided in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henkel, FW" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="Amphibien und Reptilien Madagaskars, der Maskarenen, Seychellen und Komoren." year="1995">Henkel and Schmidt (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlag, Cologne" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar" year="2007">Glaw and Vences (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schoenecker, P" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Terralog" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 144" title="Geckos of Madagascar, the Seychelles, Comoros and Mascarene Islands." volume="12" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönecker">Schoenecker</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Most of the adult type specimens have a regenerated tail (without distinct transversal banding of dark and white), indicating a high pressure by predation or intraspecific aggression.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="hemipenis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Hemipenis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">The following description is based on the everted right organ of ZSM 343/2004 (Fig. 4). Hemipenis medium-sized (total length 6.4 mm, width at apex 4.5 mm), apex divided in two lobes. Sulcus spermaticus forms an S-shaped, narrow and deep groove, bordered by moderately distinct lips reaching the apex. On the apex, the sulcus is becoming broader and divides in two branches. A horn-like apical cone is present in the center of each lobe. Calyces on the apex are only present at the border of the lobes. The hemipenes of the holotype (ZSM 342/2004) are virtually identical in every respect.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Figure 4. Drawings of hemipenis of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 343/2004): (A) asulcal view; (B) lateral view; (C) detailed view on cranial lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura karstophila" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karstophila">Paroedura karstophila</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its type locality Tsingy de Namoroka (A), observed in the night of 10 September 2012 around 22:50 (not collected), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura homalorhina" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="homalorhina">Paroedura homalorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its type locality Ankarana (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="habitat and habits">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Habitat and habits.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed multiple times at night in karstic dry forest in the rainy season, mainly climbing on karstic rocks and the ruins of an old fort. It was found in close syntopy with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura lohatsara" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lohatsara">Paroedura lohatsara</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the karstic limestone areas, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stumpffi" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stumpffi">Paroedura stumpffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only encountered on the slope between the massif and the sea, in areas without karstic formations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">The specific name is dedicated to Freddy Hordies, in recognition of his support for biodiversity research and conservation through the BIOPAT initiative.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="distribution and conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Distribution and conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="255" start="start">Paroedura</pageBreakToken>
|
||
hordiesi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reliably known only from the recently established nature reserve of Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The species possibly also occurs at Ampombofofo, ca. 25 km north of this massif (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Megson, S" journalOrPublisher="Herpetology Notes" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="31 - 44" title="A comprehensive survey of amphibians and reptiles in the extreme north of Madagascar." volume="2" year="2009">Megson et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: ZSM 1531/2008), but the identity of this population needs further study as molecular data are not available thus far. Surveys in other limestone areas of northern Madagascar revealed a superficially similar
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Nosy Hara (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Metcalf, CJE" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" pagination="151 - 161" title="Herpetofaunal assemblages on seven offshore islands of northwestern Madagascar." volume="20" year="2007">Metcalf et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which is, however, strongly differentiated by colouration (see photo in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlag, Cologne" pageId="7" pageNumber="256" title="A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar" year="2007">Glaw and Vences 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Fig. 1 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nagy, ZT" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" title="First large-scale DNA barcoding assessment of reptiles in the biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar, based on newly designed COI primers." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0034506" volume="7" year="2012">Nagy et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is therefore considered a further undescribed candidate species. The Ankarana massif is known to harbour
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura homalorhina" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="homalorhina">Paroedura homalorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura karstophila" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karstophila">Paroedura karstophila</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stumpffi" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stumpffi">Paroedura stumpffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nussbaum, RA" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 26" title="Systematic revision of the genus Paroedura Guenther (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), with description of five new species." volume="189" year="2000">Nussbaum and Raxworthy 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Raselimanana, AP" journalOrPublisher="Malagasy Nature" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="46 - 75" title="Herpetofaune des forets seches malgaches." volume="1" year="2008">Raselimanana 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our own surveys in Ankarana revealed only
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura homalorhina" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="homalorhina">Paroedura homalorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura stumpffi" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stumpffi">Paroedura stumpffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and we consider the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
unlikely in this massif.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rakotondravony, HA" editor="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Recherche pour le Developpement (Serie Sciences Biologiques)" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="101 - 148" title="Patterns de la diversite des reptiles et amphibiens de la region de Loky-Manambato." volume="23" volumeTitle="Inventaires de la faune et de la flore du nord de Madagascar dans la region Loky-Manambato, Analamerana et Andavakoera." year="2006 a">Rakotondravony (2006a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. at Binara in the Loky-Manambato region which potentially could refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the identity of this record remains to be studied. No unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paroedura</taxonomicName>
|
||
species was found at Analamera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rakotondravony, HA" editor="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Recherche pour le Developpement, Serie Sciences Biologiques" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" pagination="149 - 173" title="Reptiles et amphibiens de la Reserve Speciale d'Analamerana et de la foret classee d'Andavakoera dans l'extreme Nord de Madagascar." volume="23" volumeTitle="Inventaires de la faune et de la flore du nord de Madagascar dans la region Loky-Manambato, Analamerana et Andavakoera." year="2006 b">Rakotondravony 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus current evidence suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is microendemic of Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
and perhaps the adjacent Ampombofofo region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="255">
|
||
For consistency with the IUCN Red List Assessment for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura lohatsara" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lohatsara">Paroedura lohatsara</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Raxworthy, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="8" pageNumber="257" title="The IUCN Red List of Threatened species" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2011">Raxworthy et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and other potential microendemic species of the Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
region, we suggest a classification as "Critically Endangered" on the basis that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroedura hordiesi" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hordiesi">Paroedura hordiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an extent of occurrence of at most 50 km², it is known from a single location, and there is a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |