treatments-xml/data/81/7C/87/817C8781FFFFFFB6A2E2FB92FEB2FC07.xml

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<mods:title id="5B386AFA0314779B8D5721A097B0FDA9">Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4B16BE5299067B0DB1421AAA257B16C5">Ramalho, Laís V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5BCECD655E04A136575BE49F24C45917">Diretoria de Pesquisa, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. &amp; laisvr 10 @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1459 - 3954</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="017C4F50CFA525A6280173E25B255C57">Moraes, Fernando C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7209B1492FDDEF656A248E260E2347C2">Diretoria de Pesquisa, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. &amp; fmoraes @ mn. ufrj. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8251 - 6868</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6A53D685DB6D74FCFDAEF1B0AA8B81E6">Salgado, Leonardo T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="734DEB341F4BC21B9676490C6AF539DF">Diretoria de Pesquisa, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. &amp; lsalgado @ jbrj. gov. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3215 - 9633</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC628217B01E79809F70FCC63011AA81">Bastos, Alex C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="00CD0DB1F6D3FE7BBFE6AFE6A4302E73">Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil. alexcardosobastos @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1272 - 1134</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="543DF3B33F29F1D1E1080739D344A5EB">Instituto de Biologia and SAGE / COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. moura. uesc @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5597 - 6196</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFFFFB5A2E2FB92FD50FBDE" ID-CoL="52CDL" authority="(Waters, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[151,687,1050,1077]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
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<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A2E2FB92FEB8FBDF" bold="true" box="[151,327,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stephanollona</emphasis>
aff. 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFFFFB5A074FB92FD58FBDE" author="Waters, A. W." box="[513,679,1050,1076]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="6 - 16" refId="ref31089" refString="Waters, A. W. (1899) Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1899, 6 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1899. tb 00139. x" type="journal article" year="1899">Waters, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFFFFFB5A2D5FBB7FEDAFBB3" box="[160,293,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[234,1353,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C. Stephanollona aff. contracta (Waters, 1899) (MNRJBRY-1515). A. General view of the colony. B. Distal part of a zooid with elongate, latero-oral avicularium and orifice with six spines and a shallow, broad, almost rectangular sinus. C. Zooids bearing rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with a frontal, uncalcified area. D, E. Stephanollona domuspusilla Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1543). D. Colony showing irregular growth pattern. E. Autozooids showing distal lanceolate and spear-shaped oral spines, and one zooid with a broader and shallow sinus. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643277/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11A–C</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="096A3697FFFFFFB5A2E2FB0BFD3FFB71" blockId="21.[151,1219,1155,1241]" box="[151,704,1155,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFFFFB5A2E2FB0BFDDDFB71" authority="Waters, 1899: p. 11" authorityName="Waters" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,546,1155,1179]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Lepralia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A2E2FB0BFEA9FB71" box="[151,342,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lepralia contracta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFFFFB5A329FB0CFE1BFB71" author="Waters, A. W." box="[348,484,1155,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="6 - 16" refId="ref31089" refString="Waters, A. W. (1899) Bryozoa from Madeira. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1899, 6 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1899. tb 00139. x" type="journal article" year="1899">Waters, 1899</bibRefCitation>
: p. 11
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, pl. 3, figs 4–6.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFFFFB5A2E2FB2AFD9EFB50" authority=": Cook 1964: p. 14" authorityName="Cook" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,609,1186,1210]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Cleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contractum">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A2E2FB2AFE5EFB50" box="[151,417,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cleidochasma contractum</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFFFFB5A3DAFB2AFDDDFB50" author="Cook, P. L." box="[431,546,1186,1210]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref24654" refString="Cook, P. L. (1964) Polyzoa from West Africa. Notes on the genera Hippoporina Neviani, Hippoporella Canu, Cleidochasma Harmer and Hippoporidra Canu &amp; Bassler. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 12, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1964">Cook 1964</bibRefCitation>
: p. 14
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 5A; 
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFFFFB5A0B5FB2AFCA5FB50" author="Aristegui, R. J." box="[704,858,1186,1210]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref23199" refString="Aristegui, R. J. (1984) Estudio faunistico y ecologico de los Briozoos quilostomados (Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata) del circalitoral de Tenerife. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de La Laguna, Coleccion Monografias, 13, 1 - 266." type="journal article" year="1984">Arístegui 1984</bibRefCitation>
: p. 301, fig. 63d, e, pl. 21, figs 3, 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="096A3697FFFFFFB5A2E2FB48FD05FB32" blockId="21.[151,1219,1155,1241]" box="[151,762,1216,1241]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFFFFB5A2E2FB48FD58FB33" ID-CoL="52CDL" authority=": Souto et al. 2010: p. 1434" authorityName="Souto" authorityPageNumber="1434" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,679,1216,1241]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A2E2FB48FE6EFB32" box="[151,401,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stephanollona contracta</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFFFFB5A3EBFB49FDAFFB33" author="Souto, J. &amp; Reverter Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez Pulpeiro, E." box="[414,592,1216,1241]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1417 - 1439" refId="ref29941" refString="Souto, J., Reverter Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez Pulpeiro, E. (2010) Gymnolaemate bryozoans from the Algarve (southern Portugal): new species and biogeographical considerations. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90 (7), 1417 - 1439. https: // doi. org. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409991640" type="journal article" year="2010">
Souto 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A395FB49FDF3FB32" box="[480,524,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: p. 1434
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 15.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A2E2FA8EFE7AFACA" bold="true" box="[151,389,1286,1312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B9BD3CCAFFFFFFB5A3E4FA8EFAEEFAAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069123307" collectingDate="2014-09-26" collectorName="Fernando Moraes &amp; Rodrigo Moura" country="Brazil" elevation="90" latitude="3.590445" location="Cruzeiro do Sul" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.126713" municipality="Sta" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amapa">
MNRJBRY-1515: 
<collectingCountry id="71C27607FFFFFFB5A010FA8FFD53FACB" box="[613,684,1287,1313]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="CB11F875FFFFFFB5A0CEFA8FFCB5FACB" box="[699,842,1287,1313]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amapá state</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="E90EACEDFFFFFFB5A12AFA8FFC79FACB" box="[863,902,1287,1313]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sta</collectingMunicipality>
#3, 
<geoCoordinate id="6CE15050FFFFFFB5A1C7FA8EFBAEFACB" box="[946,1105,1286,1313]" degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="35.4267" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="3.590445">03°35.4267’N</geoCoordinate>
– 
<geoCoordinate id="6CE15050FFFFFFB5A614FA8EFAE6FACB" box="[1121,1305,1286,1313]" degrees="049" direction="west" minutes="07.6028" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-49.126713">049°07.6028’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFFFFB5A745FA8FFA8FFACB" box="[1328,1392,1287,1313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="90.0">
<elevation id="82F8D1A4FFFFFFB5A745FA8FFA8FFACB" box="[1328,1392,1287,1313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</elevation>
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, on sponge, 
<date id="7D6B1057FFFFFFB5A280FAA3FE2EFAAF" box="[245,465,1323,1349]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2014-09-26">
<collectingDate id="6D2FE9BFFFFFFFB5A280FAA3FE2EFAAF" box="[245,465,1323,1349]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2014-09-26">26 September 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="A4205341FFFFFFB5A01EFAA3FCCFFAAF" box="[619,816,1323,1349]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fernando Moraes</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="A4205341FFFFFFB5A121FAA3FBFDFAAF" box="[852,1026,1323,1349]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rodrigo Moura</collectorName>
(NHo 
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).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A2B2FAC6FEA6FA82" bold="true" box="[199,345,1358,1384]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, multiserial, uni- to multilaminar (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFFFFFB5A1D2FAC7FBF3FA83" box="[935,1036,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[234,1353,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C. Stephanollona aff. contracta (Waters, 1899) (MNRJBRY-1515). A. General view of the colony. B. Distal part of a zooid with elongate, latero-oral avicularium and orifice with six spines and a shallow, broad, almost rectangular sinus. C. Zooids bearing rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with a frontal, uncalcified area. D, E. Stephanollona domuspusilla Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1543). D. Colony showing irregular growth pattern. E. Autozooids showing distal lanceolate and spear-shaped oral spines, and one zooid with a broader and shallow sinus. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643277/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
).Autozooids polygonal, longer than wide [L 377–458–518 (SD 44, N 14); W 338–416– 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFFFFB5A0AAFAFBFCC8FA67" box="[735,823,1395,1421]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.86" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="486.0">486 µm</quantity>
(SD 35, N 20)]; frontal shield tubercular, imperforate except for about six rounded [11–19– 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFFFFB5A034FA1FFD75FA5B" box="[577,650,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 µm</quantity>
diameter (SD 6, N 27)] marginal areolar pores (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFFFFFB5A6DBFA1FFAC7FA5B" box="[1198,1336,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[234,1353,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C. Stephanollona aff. contracta (Waters, 1899) (MNRJBRY-1515). A. General view of the colony. B. Distal part of a zooid with elongate, latero-oral avicularium and orifice with six spines and a shallow, broad, almost rectangular sinus. C. Zooids bearing rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with a frontal, uncalcified area. D, E. Stephanollona domuspusilla Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1543). D. Colony showing irregular growth pattern. E. Autozooids showing distal lanceolate and spear-shaped oral spines, and one zooid with a broader and shallow sinus. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643277/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11A, C</figureCitation>
). Orifice cleithridiate, longer than wide [L 114–128–137 (SD 5, N 20); W 92–102– 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFFFFB5A1A4FA33FBD9FA3F" box="[977,1062,1467,1493]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 µm</quantity>
(SD 5, N 22)]; poster denticulate with 15–20 small beads; shallow, broad sinus, almost rectangular; two prominent condyles facing downwards (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFFFFFB5A71AFA57FF15F9F7" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[234,1353,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C. Stephanollona aff. contracta (Waters, 1899) (MNRJBRY-1515). A. General view of the colony. B. Distal part of a zooid with elongate, latero-oral avicularium and orifice with six spines and a shallow, broad, almost rectangular sinus. C. Zooids bearing rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with a frontal, uncalcified area. D, E. Stephanollona domuspusilla Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1543). D. Colony showing irregular growth pattern. E. Autozooids showing distal lanceolate and spear-shaped oral spines, and one zooid with a broader and shallow sinus. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643277/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11B, C</figureCitation>
); six hollow distal spines [12–22– 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFFFFB5A005F98BFD45F9F7" box="[624,698,1539,1565]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
diameter (SD 4, N 26)] in non-ovicellate zooids and four visible in ovicellate zooids (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFFFFFB5A3F7F9AFFDF5F9AB" box="[386,522,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[234,1353,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C. Stephanollona aff. contracta (Waters, 1899) (MNRJBRY-1515). A. General view of the colony. B. Distal part of a zooid with elongate, latero-oral avicularium and orifice with six spines and a shallow, broad, almost rectangular sinus. C. Zooids bearing rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with a frontal, uncalcified area. D, E. Stephanollona domuspusilla Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1543). D. Colony showing irregular growth pattern. E. Autozooids showing distal lanceolate and spear-shaped oral spines, and one zooid with a broader and shallow sinus. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643277/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11B, C</figureCitation>
). Two 
<typeStatus id="D66E8835FFFFFFB5A022F9AFFD6DF9AB" box="[599,658,1575,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">types</typeStatus>
of avicularia: (1) single or paired, small [L 87–99– 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFFFFB5A6ACF9AFFAD0F9AB" box="[1241,1327,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="113.0">113 µm</quantity>
(SD 8, N 24)] and rounded avicularia laterally oriented, placed laterally to orifice; sometimes located more proximally to the orifice or near the proximal zooidal edge; rostrum serrated, raised from the frontal surface; crossbar complete with a strong columella (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFFFFFB5A30EF91BFDF9F947" box="[379,518,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[234,1353,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C. Stephanollona aff. contracta (Waters, 1899) (MNRJBRY-1515). A. General view of the colony. B. Distal part of a zooid with elongate, latero-oral avicularium and orifice with six spines and a shallow, broad, almost rectangular sinus. C. Zooids bearing rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with a frontal, uncalcified area. D, E. Stephanollona domuspusilla Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1543). D. Colony showing irregular growth pattern. E. Autozooids showing distal lanceolate and spear-shaped oral spines, and one zooid with a broader and shallow sinus. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643277/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11A, C</figureCitation>
); (2) single, large and elongate avicularium [L 265–331– 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFFFFB5A6E1F91BFB12F947" box="[1172,1261,1683,1709]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.79" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="379.0">379 µm</quantity>
(SD 59, N 3)], placed lateral to orifice and distally oriented; rostrum with almost parallel sides and rounded tip; crossbar complete, with elongate, thick columella (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFFFFFB5A074F953FD97F91F" box="[513,616,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[234,1353,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C. Stephanollona aff. contracta (Waters, 1899) (MNRJBRY-1515). A. General view of the colony. B. Distal part of a zooid with elongate, latero-oral avicularium and orifice with six spines and a shallow, broad, almost rectangular sinus. C. Zooids bearing rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with a frontal, uncalcified area. D, E. Stephanollona domuspusilla Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1543). D. Colony showing irregular growth pattern. E. Autozooids showing distal lanceolate and spear-shaped oral spines, and one zooid with a broader and shallow sinus. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643277/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). Ovicell hyperstomial [L 146–169–179 (SD 13, N 9); W 172–184– 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFFFFB5A706F953FF42F8F3" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="197.0">197 µm</quantity>
(SD 8, N 12)], occupying the proximal region of the next distal zooid; ooecial surface smooth, frontal area with a rounded triangular membranous window (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFFFFFB5A0F7F8ABFCF5F8D7" box="[642,778,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[234,1353,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C. Stephanollona aff. contracta (Waters, 1899) (MNRJBRY-1515). A. General view of the colony. B. Distal part of a zooid with elongate, latero-oral avicularium and orifice with six spines and a shallow, broad, almost rectangular sinus. C. Zooids bearing rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum and ovicell with a frontal, uncalcified area. D, E. Stephanollona domuspusilla Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1543). D. Colony showing irregular growth pattern. E. Autozooids showing distal lanceolate and spear-shaped oral spines, and one zooid with a broader and shallow sinus. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643277/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41CF651CFFFFFFB6A2B2F8CFFEB2FC07" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFFFFFB6A2B2F8CFFC3AFEF7" blockId="21.[151,1437,1286,2033]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,150,1005]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A2B2F8CFFEC4F88B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1863,1889]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFFFFB5A331F8CFFDA4F88A" box="[324,603,1863,1889]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A331F8CFFDA4F88A" box="[324,603,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stephanollona contracta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species complex with wide morphological variability, mainly in the number of spines (4–8) and colony appearance, which vary depending on colony age and avicularia development (
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFFFFB5A2EAF807FEDBF840" author="Cook, P. L." box="[159,292,1935,1962]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref24654" refString="Cook, P. L. (1964) Polyzoa from West Africa. Notes on the genera Hippoporina Neviani, Hippoporella Canu, Cleidochasma Harmer and Hippoporidra Canu &amp; Bassler. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 12, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1964">Cook 1964</bibRefCitation>
). The material examined herein shows similarities with specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFFFFB5A62CF807FB1BF842" box="[1113,1252,1935,1961]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A62CF807FB1BF842" box="[1113,1252,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. contracta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from Algarve, Madeira, Havana and Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFFFFB5A027F83BFCE3F827" author="Souto, J. &amp; Reverter Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez Pulpeiro, E." box="[594,796,1971,1997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1417 - 1439" refId="ref29941" refString="Souto, J., Reverter Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez Pulpeiro, E. (2010) Gymnolaemate bryozoans from the Algarve (southern Portugal): new species and biogeographical considerations. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90 (7), 1417 - 1439. https: // doi. org. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409991640" type="journal article" year="2010">
Souto 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFFFFB5A0EBF83BFD27F827" box="[670,728,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
), including the orifice with broad and shallow sinus and beaded anter, ovicell with large uncalcified frontal area, and elongate and rounded avicularia. However, specimen MNRJBRY-1515 differs from those of other Atlantic localities in having always six spines, shorter avicularia with smaller columella, and in the lack of a suboral umbo. Despite such differences, owing to the high intraspecific variability observed for this species, specimens from Northern 
<collectingCountry id="71C27607FFFCFFB6A14DFF57FC83FF13" box="[824,892,223,249]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
are provisionally identified as 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A6AAFF57FA67FF12" box="[1247,1432,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A6AAFF57FB0BFF13" box="[1247,1268,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S.</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A75FFF57FA67FF12" box="[1322,1432,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">contracta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A7EDFF57FA63FF12" box="[1432,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">,</emphasis>
pending molecular analysis essential to disentangle the species complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="096A3697FFFCFFB6A2B2FEAFFB7FFD8B" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A2B2FEAFFE88FEAB" author="Winston, J. E." box="[199,375,294,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref31134" refString="Winston, J. E. (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston (2005)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A06EFEAFFCDFFEAA" box="[539,800,295,321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Romancheinidae" genus="Perigastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A06EFEAFFCDFFEAA" box="[539,800,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Perigastrella contracta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described by 
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A1B0FEAFFB94FEAB" author="Marcus, E." box="[965,1131,295,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="5 - 224" refId="ref27110" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1937.113912" type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937)</bibRefCitation>
from 
<collectingRegion id="CB11F875FFFCFFB6A6C5FEAFFAA0FEAB" box="[1200,1375,295,321]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
, with 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A2E2FEC3FD70FE8F" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,655,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="asper">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A2E2FEC3FE81FE8E" box="[151,382,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stephanollona asper</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A3F9FEC3FD79FE8F" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[396,646,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref24209" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1923) North American later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 125, 1 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 159661" type="journal article" year="1923">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, described from the Caribbean. Nevertheless, the Brazilian specimens studied by Marcus need to be reassessed, because they differ from the 
<typeStatus id="D66E8835FFFCFFB6A1DEFEE7FC24FE63" box="[939,987,367,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A616FEE7FB43FE62" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1123,1212,367,393]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="asper">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A616FEE7FB43FE62" box="[1123,1212,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. asper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a broader sinus, up to seven oral spines, and circular avicularia occupying most of the frontal surface and also can be interzooidal. Marcus’ material differs from 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A05BFE3FFC91FE3A" box="[558,878,439,465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A05BFE3FFD2FFE3B" box="[558,720,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stephanollona</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A176FE3FFC91FE3A" box="[771,878,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">contracta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having adventitious circular avicularia without serrated rostra, sometimes interzooidal avicularia, and ovicells with umbones, while 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A605FE53FAA4FE1E" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1136,1371,475,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="asper">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A605FE53FAA4FE1E" box="[1136,1371,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stephanollona asper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Caribbean differs in having smaller orifice (L 90–110–140, W 72–90– 
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFFCFFB6A1ADFE77FBCEFDF3" box="[984,1073,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="108.0">108 µm</quantity>
), deep U-shaped sinus (shallow, broad, and almost rectangular in 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A077FDABFCBFFDD6" box="[514,832,547,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A077FDABFD5BFDD7" box="[514,676,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stephanollona</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A0A0FDABFCBFFDD6" box="[725,832,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">contracta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), inner rim of orifice with large beads that extend until the condyles, and small avicularia with rough edges (but not serrated; see 
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A1A6FDCFFB8AFD8B" author="Winston, J. E." box="[979,1141,582,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref31134" refString="Winston, J. E. (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2005">Winston 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="096A3697FFFCFFB6A2B2FDE3FEB2FC07" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Three other 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A324FDE3FE0CFD6F" authorityName="Duvergier" authorityYear="1921" box="[337,499,619,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A324FDE3FE0CFD6F" box="[337,499,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stephanollona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have been recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="71C27607FFFCFFB6A106FDE3FC43FD6F" box="[883,956,619,645]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A1B2FDE3FAE0FD6F" authority="Vieira et al., 2010 b" authorityName="Vieira" authorityYear="2010" box="[967,1311,619,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angusta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A1B2FDE3FBC2FD6E" box="[967,1085,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. angusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A631FDE3FAE0FD6F" author="Vieira, L. M. &amp; Gordon, D. P. &amp; Souza, F. B. C. &amp; Haddad, M. A." box="[1092,1311,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref30797" refString="Vieira, L. M., Gordon, D. P., Souza, F. B. C. &amp; Haddad, M. A. (2010 b) New and little-known cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the south and southeastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope. Zootaxa, 2722 (1), 1 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2722.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A6FAFDE3FB3EFD6F" box="[1167,1217,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
., 2010b
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A75EFDE3FE46FD43" authority="Vieira et al., 2010 b" authorityName="Vieira" authorityYear="2010" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A75EFDE3FF2BFD42" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. arborescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A2A9FD07FE46FD43" author="Vieira, L. M. &amp; Gordon, D. P. &amp; Souza, F. B. C. &amp; Haddad, M. A." box="[220,441,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref30797" refString="Vieira, L. M., Gordon, D. P., Souza, F. B. C. &amp; Haddad, M. A. (2010 b) New and little-known cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the south and southeastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope. Zootaxa, 2722 (1), 1 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2722.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A35DFD07FEA4FD43" box="[296,347,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
., 2010b
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A382FD07FC49FD43" authority="Ramalho et al., 2011" authorityName="Ramalho" authorityYear="2011" box="[503,950,655,681]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="robustaspinosa">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A382FD07FD41FD43" box="[503,702,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. robustaspinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A0B3FD07FC49FD43" author="Ramalho, L. V. &amp; Muricy, G. &amp; Taylor, P. D." box="[710,950,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="767 - 798" refId="ref28668" refString="Ramalho, L. V., Muricy, G. &amp; Taylor, P. D. (2011) Taxonomic revision of some lepraliomorph cheilostome bryozoans (Bryozoa: Lepraliomorpha) from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 45 (13), 767 - 798. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2010.535917" type="journal article" year="2011">
Ramalho 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A146FD07FC99FD43" box="[819,870,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, all with six oral spines and differing from each other mainly in the shape of the orificial sinus. 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A0A0FD3BFC29FD26" box="[725,982,691,717]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angusta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A0A0FD3BFC29FD26" box="[725,982,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stephanollona angusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a narrow U-shaped sinus, in addition to a pair of elongate avicularia with narrower rostrum; 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A17AFD5FFC4AFD1B" box="[783,949,727,753]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A17AFD5FFC4AFD1B" box="[783,949,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has erect colonies and U-shaped narrower sinus; and 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A378FD73FE2CFCFF" box="[269,467,763,789]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="robustaspinosa">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A378FD73FE2CFCFF" box="[269,467,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. robustaspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has longer sinus, spear-shaped elongate avicularia, and ovicell with an almost quadrate membranous frontal area. 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A3C8FC97FBDDFCD3" authority="Winston &amp; Woollacott, 2009" authorityName="Winston &amp; Woollacott" authorityYear="2009" box="[445,1058,799,825]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="propinqua">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A3C8FC97FD25FCD2" box="[445,730,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stephanollona propinqua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A095FC97FBDDFCD3" author="Winston, J. E. &amp; Woollacott, R. M." box="[736,1058,799,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="239 - 300" refId="ref31330" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Woollacott, R. M. (2009) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 1. Barbados. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159 (5), 239 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / 0027 - 4100 - 159.5.239" type="journal article" year="2009">Winston &amp; Woollacott, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A69DFC97FA63FCD2" box="[1256,1436,799,825]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A69DFC97FB02FCD3" box="[1256,1277,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S.</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A744FC97FA63FCD2" box="[1329,1436,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">contracta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a rounded avicularium in the same position, but it has a wider and shallower sinus, up to eight spines and elongate avicularia scattered over the colony surface, not lateral to the orifice. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFFCFFB6A6D6FCEFFEDCFC4F" authority="Yang et al., 2018 b" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="2018" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Stephanollona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="boreopacifica">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A6D6FCEFFAA3FC6B" box="[1187,1372,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. boreopacifica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFFCFFB6A717FCEFFEDCFC4F" author="Yang, H. J. &amp; Seo, J. E. &amp; Gordon, D. P." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="493 - 518" refId="ref31532" refString="Yang, H. J., Seo, J. E. &amp; Gordon, D. P. (2018 b) Sixteen new generic records of Korean Bryozoa from southern coastal waters and Jeju Island, East China Sea: evidence of tropical affinities. Zootaxa, 4422 (4), 493 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4422.4.3" type="journal article" year="2018">
Yang 
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFFCFFB6A2E2FC03FF37FC4F" box="[151,200,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
., 2018b
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="71C27607FFFCFFB6A312FC03FE51FC4F" box="[359,430,907,933]" name="South Korea" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Korea</collectingCountry>
, also has six oral spines, similar elongate avicularia with well-developed ligula, and small rounded avicularia with serrated rostrum, but differs in having a narrower U-shaped sinus and avicularia associated with the ovicell.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>