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<document id="5BD689E214706E29B860335A19918C99" ID-CLB-Dataset="7506" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30557468-7467-4c99-b6fc-806f4be784e4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4643245" ID-ZooBank="B9578A01-9B27-40B9-BEF9-C6DEB714C652" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617001503997" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramalho, Laís V., Moraes, Fernando C., Salgado, Leonardo T., Bastos, Alex C. &amp; Moura, Rodrigo L." docDate="2021" docId="817C8781FFE7FFAFA2E2FA9FFE75FD42" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4950.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4950 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes &amp; Salgado &amp; Bastos &amp; Moura 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="7B8E1A2F-E260-46E3-8AE9-A56C2F9E3FF3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="7D45FFF9FFEAFFA0A275FF88FFFFFFEA" masterDocTitle="Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698935303943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1FB080014DC19017D96A4A95BA08A48A">Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0B96C0789F19583348C510CEA63F804">Ramalho, Laís V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="762F9DCBB506F8D8CA5B81F56CDE6182" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1459-3954</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="68491F5C5B91E33BE3CA76382295B0C4">Diretoria de Pesquisa, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. &amp; laisvr 10 @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1459 - 3954</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CDF85973F2859F6597D9FB7BCCDC6018" type="email">laisvr10@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="67C1F4006AC1452A8020D51DE3EE7350">Moraes, Fernando C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="18CAE4931B483D6CFCD45CC10A817BEC" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8251-6868</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="045E4974B8AF1019DCE52076F7E2FE14">Diretoria de Pesquisa, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. &amp; fmoraes @ mn. ufrj. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8251 - 6868</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="31479A7C36156757A0CC7D1A8C2C3B36" type="email">fmoraes@mn.ufrj.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9EB7432ED2D3E0FE22524D9CA0412262">Salgado, Leonardo T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9655EF645FD6E15372243B55A8E81857" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3215-9633</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="628FD64A1B86947357457836803AE033">Diretoria de Pesquisa, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. &amp; lsalgado @ jbrj. gov. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3215 - 9633</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="63831DA08A6A30606E02FAB20BED8757" type="email">lsalgado@jbrj.gov.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="E45F86E98CD7F9932A555F296D8A877F">Bastos, Alex C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6B980D2AEE40284A171CFA41D7E3A08C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1272-1134</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C482E07A19F88BBC0CB289F7F7AA707E">Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil. alexcardosobastos @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1272 - 1134</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1DE6333DAA60355C02B710BA7F662364" type="email">alexcardosobastos@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DCB643D73CB2069854F0585D26A0835C">Moura, Rodrigo L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E632202F6BA3828FFC5FE663A5966B8B" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5597-6196</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="51C2EBAAB4D6A2136AFEA5A42086DF83">Instituto de Biologia and SAGE / COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. moura. uesc @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5597 - 6196</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="49DB44F9380D82B03EBC8E2EBBE4539A" type="email">moura.uesc@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="03218221E444B0824B53B3DADA7165E5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="83B9316017A9B9A5E0178E91FD353BE3">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="86B6E5908ACCD85858B82F15E03F916E">4950</mods:number>
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<treatment id="817C8781FFE7FFAFA2E2FA9FFE75FD42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663145" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180875143" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4663145" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7B8E1A2F-E260-46E3-8AE9-A56C2F9E3FF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/817C8781FFE7FFAFA2E2FA9FFE75FD42" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="41CF651CFFE7FFADA2E2FA9FFCE0FADB" box="[151,799,1302,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFE7FFADA2E2FA9FFCE0FADB" blockId="13.[151,799,1302,1365]" box="[151,799,1302,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="522281FBFFE7FFADA2E2FA9FFCE0FADB" bold="true" box="[151,799,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE7FFADA2E2FA9FFCE0FADB" bold="true" box="[151,799,1302,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE7FFADA2E2FA9FFD2BFADB" authority="Ramalho &amp; Moraes" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Moraes &amp; Salgado &amp; Bastos &amp; Moura" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,724,1302,1329]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="amazonensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE7FFADA2E2FA9FFE29FADB" bold="true" box="[151,470,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parasmittina amazonensis</emphasis>
Ramalho &amp; Moraes
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="209257FEFFE7FFADA0A9FA9FFCE0FADB" box="[732,799,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41CF651CFFE7FFADA2E2FAB3FEDDFABF" box="[151,290,1339,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFE7FFADA2E2FAB3FEDDFABF" blockId="13.[151,799,1302,1365]" box="[151,290,1339,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
(
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFE7FFADA2D5FAB3FEE6FABF" box="[160,281,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-74@14.[151,1436,273,1765]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–D. Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F. Parasmittina sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7A–D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41CF651CFFE7FFADA2E2FA0AFA85FA28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFE7FFADA2E2FA0AFA85FA28" blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE7FFADA2E2FA0AFE7FFA76" bold="true" box="[151,384,1410,1436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B9BD3CCAFFE7FFADA3F2FA0BFA85FA28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068349315" collectingDate="2014-09-29" collectorName="Fernando Moraes &amp; Rodrigo Moura" country="Brazil" elevation="23" latitude="-0.24569999" location="Cruzeiro do Sul" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.90148" municipality="Sta" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="D66E8835FFE7FFADA3F2FA0BFE0BFA77" box="[391,500,1411,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: MNRJBRY-1451:
<collectingCountry id="71C27607FFE7FFADA0B8FA0BFCEBFA77" box="[717,788,1411,1437]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="CB11F875FFE7FFADA16AFA0BFC35FA77" box="[799,970,1411,1437]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Maranhão state</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="E90EACEDFFE7FFADA1ACFA0BFC00FA77" box="[985,1023,1411,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sta</collectingMunicipality>
#7,
<geoCoordinate id="6CE15050FFE7FFADA65DFA0AFB4CFA77" box="[1064,1203,1410,1437]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="14.742" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" value="-0.24569999">00°14.742’S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="6CE15050FFE7FFADA6B7FA0AFA92FA77" box="[1218,1389,1410,1437]" degrees="044" direction="west" minutes="54.089" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" value="-44.90148">044°54.089’W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFE7FFADA7F5FA0BFF50FA2B" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="23.0">
<elevation id="82F8D1A4FFE7FFADA7F5FA0BFF50FA2B" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on rhodoliths,
<date id="7D6B1057FFE7FFADA32BFA2FFDC5FA2B" box="[350,570,1447,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2014-09-29">
<collectingDate id="6D2FE9BFFFE7FFADA32BFA2FFDC5FA2B" box="[350,570,1447,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2014-09-29">29 September 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, collected by
<collectorName id="A4205341FFE7FFADA0A1FA2FFC66FA2B" box="[724,921,1447,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fernando Moraes</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="A4205341FFE7FFADA1C8FA2FFB94FA2B" box="[957,1131,1447,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rodrigo Moura</collectorName>
(NHo
<location id="0C0A604CFFE7FFADA6CDFA2FFA92FA28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:817C8781FFE7FFAFA2E2FA9FFE75FD42:0C0A604CFFE7FFADA6CDFA2FFA92FA28" box="[1208,1389,1447,1474]" country="Brazil" latitude="-0.24569999" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.90148" municipality="Sta" name="Cruzeiro do Sul" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Maranhao">Cruzeiro do Sul</location>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41CF651CFFE7FFADA2B2FA43FB61FA0F" box="[199,1182,1483,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFE7FFADA2B2FA43FB61FA0F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2013]" box="[199,1182,1483,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE7FFADA2B2FA43FEB1FA0F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1483,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
Referring to the
<typeStatus id="D66E8835FFE7FFADA078FA43FDC2FA0F" box="[525,573,1483,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
locality, the reef system off the Amazon River mouth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41CF651CFFE7FFADA2B2FA66FD31F99F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFE7FFADA2B2FA66FD31F99F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE7FFADA2B2FA66FEBDF9E2" bold="true" box="[199,322,1518,1544]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, initially forming circular patches and later becoming multilaminar; frontal shield ventricose, imperforate; peristome well developed laterally with median U-shaped pseudosinus; orifice with broad anvil-shaped lyrula and six, robust oral spines; latero-oral avicularium oval with serrated rostrum; frontal avicularium elliptical; ovicell with tubular pseudopores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41CF651CFFE7FFAEA2B2F9F6FF13FF13" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFE7FFAEA2B2F9F6FF13FF13" blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,150,249]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE7FFADA2B2F9F6FEA6F972" bold="true" box="[199,345,1662,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, multiserial, initially forming unilamellar, circular patches (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFE7FFADA6A4F9F7FAD4F973" box="[1233,1323,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-74@14.[151,1436,273,1765]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–D. Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F. Parasmittina sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
), later becoming multilaminar. Autozooids polygonal, slightly longer than wide [L 275–363–439 (SD 50, N 15); W 180– 304–
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFE7FFADA2A5F94EFEDAF90B" box="[208,293,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.56" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="456.0">456 µm</quantity>
(SD 30, N 15)]; frontal shield ventricose, imperforate except for 11–17 circular, marginal areolar pores varying in size (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFE7FFADA325F963FE54F8EF" box="[336,427,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-74@14.[151,1436,273,1765]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–D. Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F. Parasmittina sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Peristome well developed laterally, forming a median U-shaped pseudosinus (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFE7FFADA740F963FA6FF8EF" box="[1333,1424,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-74@14.[151,1436,273,1765]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–D. Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F. Parasmittina sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Primary orifice circular and hidden by peristome, with a broad anvil-shaped lyrula, occupying almost the entire proximal margin of the orifice and with a straight edge; six oral spines (rarely five) on non-ovicellate zooids and only two spines visible when ovicell is present (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFE7FFADA0DEF8DFFCDCF89B" box="[683,803,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-74@14.[151,1436,273,1765]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–D. Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F. Parasmittina sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
); spine bases robust [24–27–
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFE7FFADA61DF8DFFB50F89B" box="[1128,1199,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 µm</quantity>
in diameter (SD 2, N 17)]. Single or paired oval, latero-oral avicularia [L 43–48–
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFE7FFADA147F8F3FC86F87F" box="[818,889,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 µm</quantity>
(SD 5, N 14)] with rostrum tip serrated, directed distolaterally towards the orifice, with complete crossbar (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFE7FFADA168F817FC62F853" box="[797,925,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-74@14.[151,1436,273,1765]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–D. Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F. Parasmittina sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7 B, D</figureCitation>
). An additional avicularium present on frontal shield of some zooids, randomly oriented, similar in shape to latero-oral avicularia, but larger [L 74–79–
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFE7FFADA754F84BFA96F837" box="[1313,1385,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="84.0">84 µm</quantity>
(SD 5, N 3)] and more elliptical (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFE4FFAEA3AAFF1FFDC5FF5B" box="[479,570,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-74@14.[151,1436,273,1765]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–D. Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F. Parasmittina sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Ovicell hyperstomial, slightly wider than long [L 135–150–172 (SD 13; N 8); W 152–165–
<quantity id="CE2D9B72FFE4FFAEA33AFF33FE5AFF3F" box="[335,421,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="177.0">177 µm</quantity>
(SD 10, N 8)], ooecial surface perforated by about 20 small and tubular pseudopores (
<figureCitation id="91EE2A12FFE4FFAEA71AFF33FF20FF13" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-74@14.[151,1436,273,1765]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–D. Parasmittina amazonensis Ramalho &amp; Moraes n. sp. (Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F. Parasmittina sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7A, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5DAA661FFFE4FFAEA2E2F974FF12F84F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4643263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4643263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4643263/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1788,1812]" targetBox="[151,1435,273,1765]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFE4FFAEA2E2F974FF12F84F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1788,1957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE4FFAEA2E2F974FEF2F8FE" bold="true" box="[151,269,1788,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. A–D.
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE4FFAEA323F975FDA6F8FE" box="[342,601,1789,1812]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="amazonensi">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE4FFAEA323F975FDA6F8FE" box="[342,601,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parasmittina amazonensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s Ramalho &amp; Moraes
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE4FFAEA142F974FC8FF8FE" bold="true" box="[823,880,1788,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="209257FEFFE4FFAEA142F974FC8FF8FE" box="[823,880,1788,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(Holotype MNRJBRY-1451). A. Part of a circular colony. B. Detail of the orifice with six oral spines and latero-oral avicularium. C. Detail of an avicularium with serrated rostrum. D. Two fertile zooids with only two oral spines visible. E, F.
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE4FFAEA08BF8CDFC7DF8B6" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[766,898,1861,1884]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE4FFAEA08BF8CDFC7DF8B6" box="[766,898,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parasmittina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (MNRJBRY-1518). E. General view showing the arrangement of the zooids, fertile and infertile. F. Detail of some zooids. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 50 µm; F, 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="41CF651CFFE5FFAFA2B2FF1EFE75FD42" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="096A3697FFE5FFAFA2B2FF1EFE75FD42" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA2B2FF1EFEC4FF5A" bold="true" box="[199,315,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
Eight
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA3FEFF1FFDE2FF5A" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[395,541,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA3FEFF1FFDE2FF5A" box="[395,541,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parasmittina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="71C27607FFE5FFAFA1D9FF1EFC0FFF5A" box="[940,1008,150,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFE5FFAFA674FF1EFB0CFF5A" author="Ramalho, L. V. &amp; Taylor, P. D. &amp; Moraes, F. C. &amp; Moura, R. &amp; Amado-Filho, G. M. &amp; Bastos, A. C." box="[1025,1267,150,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="155 - 186" refId="ref29037" refString="Ramalho, L. V., Taylor, P. D., Moraes, F. C., Moura, R., Amado-Filho, G. M. &amp; Bastos, A. C. (2018) Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa, 4483 (1), 155 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4483.1.6" type="journal article" year="2018">
Ramalho
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA607FF1FFB59FF5A" box="[1138,1190,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
), all with only four thin oral spines. The two most similar congeners of
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA168FF33FB4CFF3F" authority="Ramalho &amp; Moraes" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Moraes &amp; Salgado &amp; Bastos &amp; Moura" authorityYear="2021" box="[797,1203,186,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="amazonensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA168FF33FCD1FF3E" box="[797,814,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA148FF33FC33FF3E" box="[829,972,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">amazonensis</emphasis>
Ramalho &amp; Moraes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA6CEFF32FB04FF3E" bold="true" box="[1211,1275,186,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="209257FEFFE5FFAFA6CEFF32FB04FF3E" box="[1211,1275,186,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are:
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA740FF33FECAFF13" authority="Osburn, 1952" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fraseri">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA740FF33FA62FF3E" box="[1333,1437,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. fraseri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFE5FFAFA2E2FF56FECAFF13" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[151,309,222,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref28366" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific coast of America, part 2, Cheilostomata-Ascophora. Report of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Pacific Ocean, and
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA0FEFF57FC3FFF13" authority="(Calvet, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[651,960,222,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="talismani">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA0FEFF57FCEEFF12" box="[651,785,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. talismani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFE5FFAFA157FF56FC47FF13" author="Calvet, L." box="[802,952,222,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="355 - 495" refId="ref24112" refString="Calvet, L. (1906) Bryozoaires. In: Milne-Edwards, A. &amp; Perrier, E. (Eds.), Expeditions scientifiques du &quot; Travailleur &quot; et du &quot; Talisman &quot; pendant les annees 1880 - 1883. Masson and Cie, Paris, pp. 355 - 495." type="book chapter" year="1906">Calvet, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, from the Atlantic Ocean.
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFE5FFAFA684FF56FE33FEF6" author="Reverter-Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1929 - 1953" refId="ref29123" refString="Reverter-Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. (2007) Species of genus Schizotheca Hincks (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) described in the Atlantic-Mediterranean region, with notes on some species of Parasmittina Osburn. Journal of Natural History, 41 (29 - 32), 1929 - 1953. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701515520" type="journal article" year="2007">Reverter-Gil &amp; Fernández-Pulpeiro (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, who studied the
<typeStatus id="D66E8835FFE5FFAFA0EAFE8BFCF5FEF7" box="[671,778,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA142FE8BFC41FEF6" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[823,958,258,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="talismani">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA142FE8BFC41FEF6" box="[823,958,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. talismani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and images of
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA60CFE8BFB1FFEF6" box="[1145,1248,258,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fraseli">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA60CFE8BFB1FFEF6" box="[1145,1248,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. fraseli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mentioned that the two species share several characters, such as the broad lyrula with straight edge, well developed peristome, avicularium supported by peristome and up to five oral spines. These authors recommended a taxonomic revision to confirm the identification and distribution of these two species. Some of these characters are also shared with
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA7FDFEE7FDF3FE47" authority="Ramalho &amp; Moraes" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Moraes &amp; Salgado &amp; Bastos &amp; Moura" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="amazonensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA7FDFEE7FED9FE46" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. amazonensis</emphasis>
Ramalho &amp; Moraes
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="209257FEFFE5FFAFA061FE1AFDABFE47" box="[532,596,402,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA061FE1AFDB3FE46" bold="true" box="[532,588,402,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(i.e., broad lyrula, ovicell perforated by circular, tubular pseudopores, and avicularia lateral to the orifice), but
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA05EFE3FFD6DFE3A" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[555,658,438,464]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fraseri">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA05EFE3FFD6DFE3A" box="[555,658,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. fraseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having 3–5 oral spines, a single long-pointed frontal avicularium (absent in the new species), and peristomial avicularia with smooth, rounded to elliptical rostrum (serrated in the new species), while
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA3C9FE77FDC0FDF2" baseAuthorityName="Calvet" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[444,575,510,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="talismani">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA3C9FE77FDC0FDF2" box="[444,575,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. talismani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having 4–5 oral spines, ovicell almost immersed in the distal zooid, and lateral and frontal avicularia similar in size (lateral avicularia are smaller than frontal ones in the new species). Another similar species is
<taxonomicName id="CED54D14FFE5FFAFA3C8FDCFFD01FD8A" authority="(Kirkpatrick, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Kirkpatrick" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[445,766,582,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubula">
<emphasis id="3BA1EA85FFE5FFAFA3C8FDCFFDDFFD8A" box="[445,544,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. tubula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6D444B66FFE5FFAFA058FDCEFD09FD8A" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[557,758,582,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="72 - 85" refId="ref26400" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1888) Polyzoa of Mauritius. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 1, 72 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938809460685" type="journal article" year="1888">Kirkpatrick, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
described from
<collectingCountry id="71C27607FFE5FFAFA1C6FDCEFBCEFD8A" box="[947,1073,582,608]" name="Mauritania" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
, which has six oral spines, broad lyrula, very small frontal avicularium, lacks avicularia lateral to orifice, and the peristome is not as well developed as in the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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