213 lines
23 KiB
XML
213 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="9559A6A28C967ECB7D148E410428493A" ID-DOI="10.3897/evolsyst.8.139468" ID-ZooBank="4D0ADC1E-13E8-404E-A10A-E28C371EBC96" ID-publisher-id="139468" URI-arpha="DC7DA357-646A-5DAF-A23F-7A75DDB76045" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/4D0ADC1E-13E8-404E-A10A-E28C371EBC96" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1734621711582" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Diez, Yander L. & Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas" docDate="2024" docId="8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162" docLanguage="en" docName="Evolutionary Systematics 8(2): 279-310" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 8 (2)" docSource="https://evolsyst.pensoft.net/article/139468/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Planaria torva Muller 1776" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="310" masterDocId="DC7DA357646A5DAFA23F7A75DDB76045" masterDocTitle="Little neighbours in Hamburg: free-living aquatic flatworms (Platyhelminthes)" masterLastPageNumber="310" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="279" updateTime="1734621836668" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="8E4BD01DBC4832C8A811225430CD0A28">Little neighbours in Hamburg: free-living aquatic flatworms (Platyhelminthes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3BF32F131506EB993DA2D6D08E899D14">Diez, Yander L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D245AF6BAF111DA008D49F0AA7033FBE" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8741-4799</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC069587AD384ED0603CB80655DF5377">Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146, Hamburg, Germany & Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Universitaire Campus Gebouw D, B- 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F76F70B4F2EB5D4239424AAE5D8C62A7">Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="354009D495966CCC952077309841ED90" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4102-9371</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E304024EBEE4122A3AEE09F2063838A1">Museum of Nature Hamburg – Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146, Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0F4749CEDE3FCAB464B0CF559CE854D4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4B865A774F436C39A8B6467D351C767A">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8DFC62BA6D2DC9F60E0951BF19483B47">
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<mods:date id="08351866AEF0F681A795201A23DA161F">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5B3318B5555694F96C5DAEDE35DFAA3A">2024-12-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C14792119DFC070530978F3E6CFF8F36">8</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="692A72230D78D15E46AF2660E14616E5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="51C4818029EEBD60E6C5590F8CF9DAB4" type="DOI">10.3897/evolsyst.8.139468</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E8DB85A4E852F0EEFF79531FBAD19503" type="ZooBank">4D0ADC1E-13E8-404E-A10A-E28C371EBC96</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162" ID-arpha="8152BF87-8064-5884-9379-CA9F9270C162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162">
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<subSubSection id="409B89F0F5FC43C90C0E84C1FE0A3617" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FEF67345662C00A903EE62CB80D66C8D">
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<taxonomicName id="A1E57DDDCB156B5AB3C8DF164886ECB3" ID-CoL="4JJCL" authority="(Muller, 1773) Muller, 1776" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
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<emphasis id="2B5359F3E5C1A67F191FE6C5E411D806" italics="true">Planaria torva</emphasis>
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(Müller, 1773) Müller, 1776
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37F5F217793E4D503BEF2AE8BAF78A14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="837DAA232850995BA312EB852BC0DC0C">
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<figureCitation id="5139391116768C4F0FC6CBCC58B1BBBE" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B – D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EAGDK" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B61FB91DB2832294B06F65A5EEC5E2D5">
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<heading id="C6E8B6769648E0CBE94420C1DE74A92D" reason="title">Known distribution.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A1BEB105042A5E9A6BA447C16EA7F6D">
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Species broadly distributed in West Europe (
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<collectingCountry id="AE2C0C8818911F1FCE6D54D24DF3C8DF" name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="17A7E0E542C7595F203174AAC6368C1E" name="Ireland">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D9D2553D3E9D003DD369DFD819387AB8" name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="664F4A813BB74B936981C19A523A0F3B" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3F2448ADA5AC79C37A76D704BD0C082D" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="55C819C11621313E7C3F3CEE4212B51E" name="Denmark">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3386AEAB45BBF6D84EA7A06976ACE1E3" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="C7054501C6BAC0E1AFD4C9C67BCE8F97" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="B8D7421FC96A3868D4F41656C80898CF" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="9378429D154F0534244684187CBB0EED" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="2FB86567A2C18DFD5363A00994DE49E0" author="Arndt" firstAuthor="Arndt" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin" pagination="218-222" refId="B6" refString="Arndt W (1926) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Land- und Süsswasserfauna Korsikas. I. Ergebnisse der Dr. Paul Schottlander-Lehrexpedition des Jahres 1914. 2. Turbellaria. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 12 (2): 218–222." title="Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Land- und Süsswasserfauna Korsikas. I. Ergebnisse der Dr. Paul Schottlander-Lehrexpedition des Jahres 1914. 2. Turbellaria." volume="12" year="1926">Arndt 1926</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="01054335C8072F868BA9E0B072220549" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 1–42." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther 1961</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="17C6510EA9F6D7F8822715E673A12000" author="Ronneberger" firstAuthor="Ronneberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Limnologica" pagination="323-419" refId="B94" refString="Ronneberger D (1975) Zur Kenntnis der Grundwasserfauna des Saale-Einzugsgebietes (Thüringen). Limnologica 9 (3): 323–419." title="Zur Kenntnis der Grundwasserfauna des Saale-Einzugsgebietes (Thüringen)." volume="9" year="1975">Ronneberger 1975</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7D0F37BDCFFD57C5A13188F2BC136F0A" author="Ball and Reynoldson" firstAuthor="Ball" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, London" refId="B10" refString="Ball IR, Reynoldson RB (1981) British Planarians. Platyhelminthes: Tricladida. Key and notes for the identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna 19. Cambridge University Press, London, 141 pp." title="British Planarians. Platyhelminthes: Tricladida. Key and notes for the identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna 19." year="1981">Ball and Reynoldson 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A14776D348793296D9CBA211009C30C8" author="Muller and Faubel" firstAuthor="Muller" pagination="363-396" refId="B73" refString="Müller D, Faubel A (1993) The ‘ Turbellaria ’ of the River Elbe Estuary. A faunistic analysis of oligohaline and limnic areas. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl. 75: 363–396." title="The ‘ Turbellaria ’ of the River Elbe Estuary. A faunistic analysis of oligohaline and limnic areas. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl." volume="75" year="1993">Müller and Faubel 1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FF16E064EF755B886A80744214BA6051" DOI="10.1899/11-092.1" author="Martin and Brunke" firstAuthor="Martin" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Science" pagination="542-562" refId="B70" refString="Martin P, Brunke M (2012) Faunal typology of lowland springs in northern Germany. Freshwater Science 31 (2): 542–562. https://doi.org/10.1899/11-092.1" title="Faunal typology of lowland springs in northern Germany." volume="31" year="2012">Martin and Brunke 2012</bibRefCitation>
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), East Europe (
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<collectingCountry id="1566805F6409173DEAEDB92A1AE92071" name="Estonia">Estonia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D80A91F68F81FC361EEE61005EAF8409" name="Latvia">Latvia</collectingCountry>
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, Littauen,
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<collectingCountry id="AB1545CB4A958B250ED7FFAA3E84D899" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="82C37BD0BC80B00E3BDF3F31B401E013" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="7067D53B6DA628DC166220B4E43303AB" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
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) (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0B76E95DBB086327DD1F8543D3B11E25" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 1–42." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther 1961</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="82BFB82C6A3A32A7A43CF1A2A6C528CC" author="Pinchuk" firstAuthor="Pinchuk" refId="B86" refString="Pinchuk VI (1979) A planarian species Tricladida Paludicola from the Dnieper River Delta Ukrainian-SSR New for the Fauna of the USSR. Vestnik Zoologii 6: 86." year="1979">Pinchuk 1979</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<collectingCountry id="3FFD10AD28E19FFE8B6A39F1D92F91CE" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2BE72B9B17713E45B617723EF1BAAE41" author="Grimm" firstAuthor="Grimm" journalOrPublisher="Petersburg Gesellschaft der Naturforscher" pagination="1-32" refId="B38" refString="Grimm AO (1877) Zur Kenntnis der Fauna des Ostsee. Arbeiten St. Petersburg Gesellschaft der Naturforscher 8: 1–32." title="Zur Kenntnis der Fauna des Ostsee. Arbeiten St." volume="8" year="1877">Grimm 1877</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="0B5233839DB209CF632F7C22D3AB4407" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 1–42." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther 1961</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EOHDK" type="material">
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<paragraph id="003486480AFDAE8D69D2C5BF0E72C8AF">
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<heading id="546DF802FD92A862595C28CE4837BF38" reason="title">Material.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD50219BFDFD95C490EBC203A48B15E7">
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<specimenCount id="A981761B31AD1FD90AB95DB30307EEDD" count="6" type="generic">Six specimens</specimenCount>
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studied alive and preserved in absolute ethanol for future molecular analyses; one collected in Wandse river, submerged vegetation with organic matter,
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<quantity id="D6D161BE12170B65AC1133E5920940C8" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="0.1">0.1 m</quantity>
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deep; one in Planten un Blomen park, submerged litter,
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<quantity id="E06565344FC318368A39A3B1F4BDCBD2" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
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deep; and four in Kirchwerder-Fünfhausen, submerged vegetation and litter in an irrigation channel,
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<quantity id="43A62115B2B9F09E7CC73D03200D1415" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 m</quantity>
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deep.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0ETHDK" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="4310D15E609315F8D978E5DF3B3873F6">
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<heading id="FF6B3D0DD2D1B728FB061198C8641FA2" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF7CDD11FECC0EDB4BDFAA55A6D9CFD">
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Live adult specimens measuring
|
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<quantity id="91028824FBC1CFB4E4AF01D5BF6D468B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 cm</quantity>
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, dark pigmented, with a pair of anterior eyes (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="7C60D333FA7D4E4D94214C70F6E376E1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B – D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 A – C</figureCitation>
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: e). Squeezed specimens show the pharynx and atrial organs. The pharynx (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="506E5A2AE26439D1F101378A6D9620DE" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B – D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 C, D</figureCitation>
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: ph) is located in the second body half and the mouth opens anterior to the male copulatory organ (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="FD40152A58648990B632E035A7B87A06" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B – D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 A, C, D</figureCitation>
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: mco). The seminal ducts form false seminal vesicles (Fig.
|
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<figureCitation id="D2BA3D44D16997B131A871BE913E4B48" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B – D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 A, C, D</figureCitation>
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: fsv) beside the anterior part of the pharynx. The male copulatory organ receives medially, independently, both seminal ducts, which evacuate the sperm in a single proximal seminal vesicle. Distally, the bulb forms a muscular penial papilla. One adenodactyl (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="C79C4D110438A10DD2CEE613BD0041FA" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B – D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 C, D</figureCitation>
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: ad) opens into the common atrium, at the right side of the male bulb; it is oriented backwards. The adenodactyl is distally bent and the central lumen makes it look hollow. The single observed structure of the female system was the bursa (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="55F5E397232CF2A383EB6512C7EC9DDF" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B – D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 D</figureCitation>
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: b), located to the right side of the male organ.
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</paragraph>
|
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<caption id="DA5590FD1EB0531626A0340837DC79AA" ID-arpha="B771B89B-D420-528A-9A13-D91610F771D2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026" startId="F13">
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||
<paragraph id="4D5F1A0A4A8727EDFAF950274B715A2B">
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<label id="EEFA4CB1193912A79F2859D55840C47F">Figure 13.</label>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="93C32F302112EFF10D29D10789D2046D">
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<taxonomicName id="0C7FAC6E5C7EB89922578DD2869F2408" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
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<emphasis id="6C9ADD50F778D6003906AEB652B04B47" italics="true">Planaria torva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B959D2527146B1ABF836B8CA4639EBBA" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
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Habitus of swimming specimen;
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<emphasis id="E1D8C853FAB93E6F7FA76237C7B7AEC2" bold="true">B – D.</emphasis>
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Squeezed specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1993EA2332B2D6393037E6120B0C0CCC">
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||
<taxonomicName id="31879B9844927A31839A789BC2CEBC3F" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
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<emphasis id="1C4E679704E65D453B24834B85F66423" italics="true">Planaria torva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a species widely distributed throughout West Europe, and it is frequently mentioned in taxonomic literature on triclads in the region. However, accurate identification of this species can be challenging without a detailed examination of internal morphology. The taxonomic history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3CF4CD4D7DD397D405B8DD0F5120EE3" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
|
||
<emphasis id="21D3AE3BC7374BBD1F11E806702DA965" italics="true">P. torva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been contentious, with several studies mistakenly associating it with species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4343A75603B00D850701B4C2C47ACB9" authority="(Ball et al. 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Ball" baseAuthorityYear="1969" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="129AE8EFA61596414E4684C7C48A0D64" italics="true">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A69E6AFE3B0F5BD8FE4B815E5B1AC42E" DOI="10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" author="Ball" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ball" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology, London" pagination="99-123" refId="B11" refString="Ball IR, Reynoldson TB, Warwick T (1969) The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 99–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" title="The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain." volume="157" year="1969">Ball et al. 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In light of these issues, we based the identification of our specimens on descriptions provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D3378EA1AFAC8B727BD4743BF14FF0E" author="Luther A" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 1–42." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="089ADDEA4D5127E4EB9342BA6F77F33D" DOI="10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" author="Ball IR & Reynoldson TB & Warwick T" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ball" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology, London" pagination="99-123" refId="B11" refString="Ball IR, Reynoldson TB, Warwick T (1969) The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 99–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" title="The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain." volume="157" year="1969">Ball et al. (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The presence of an adenodactyl serves as a key distinguishing feature between our studied specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D4A6470B113AEA86C54B80A3FCDF1BC" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C78BBEB3B8997B414F9E226611D9BEB4" italics="true">P. torva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54249FEF6C75D467E289E4D62F0EB868" authority="(Luther 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Luther" baseAuthorityYear="1961" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50277577766FA945F682EC602570EAEF" italics="true">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="07016DD8AABA2D513B86CB3EA72CBA46" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 1–42." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the overall structure of the atrial organs in our specimens, particularly the male bulb and the adenodactyl, unequivocally supports their classification within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B400578EA93ACEF30F4AF12BCDC20889" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
|
||
<emphasis id="BAA677AA76EE0A4B7730E86E1D08B0CB" italics="true">P. torva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For a more comprehensive comparison of this species with related congeners, refer to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43D9B3C75D7878625F670E00D3C989CD" DOI="10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" author="Ball IR & Reynoldson TB & Warwick T" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ball" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology, London" pagination="99-123" refId="B11" refString="Ball IR, Reynoldson TB, Warwick T (1969) The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 99–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" title="The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain." volume="157" year="1969">Ball et al. (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |