treatments-xml/data/81/52/BF/8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162.xml

213 lines
23 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="9559A6A28C967ECB7D148E410428493A" ID-DOI="10.3897/evolsyst.8.139468" ID-ZooBank="4D0ADC1E-13E8-404E-A10A-E28C371EBC96" ID-publisher-id="139468" URI-arpha="DC7DA357-646A-5DAF-A23F-7A75DDB76045" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/4D0ADC1E-13E8-404E-A10A-E28C371EBC96" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1734621711582" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Diez, Yander L. &amp; Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas" docDate="2024" docId="8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162" docLanguage="en" docName="Evolutionary Systematics 8(2): 279-310" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 8 (2)" docSource="https://evolsyst.pensoft.net/article/139468/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Planaria torva Muller 1776" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="310" masterDocId="DC7DA357646A5DAFA23F7A75DDB76045" masterDocTitle="Little neighbours in Hamburg: free-living aquatic flatworms (Platyhelminthes)" masterLastPageNumber="310" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="279" updateTime="1734621836668" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="4B509CE32FDD7B95CE52CBB32DDB6461" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E000199562F9B32E138BF6AEBF45C24C">
<mods:title id="8E4BD01DBC4832C8A811225430CD0A28">Little neighbours in Hamburg: free-living aquatic flatworms (Platyhelminthes)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0EAAA4185F25F54D3B3B45136EB382A5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="53C3E736F87E7111A2FF2A7187C87D65">
<mods:roleTerm id="E9E4E64A6919A76937924750FE8BCE30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3BF32F131506EB993DA2D6D08E899D14">Diez, Yander L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D245AF6BAF111DA008D49F0AA7033FBE" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8741-4799</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FC069587AD384ED0603CB80655DF5377">Museum of Nature Hamburg Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146, Hamburg, Germany &amp; Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Universitaire Campus Gebouw D, B- 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F8384867715CE7445701D292E0594681" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9F60E6B797B36C823B5DC7F2D10DDCD1">
<mods:roleTerm id="C36B79AECAC5FB0076ADAE7ED5410166">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F76F70B4F2EB5D4239424AAE5D8C62A7">Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="354009D495966CCC952077309841ED90" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4102-9371</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E304024EBEE4122A3AEE09F2063838A1">Museum of Nature Hamburg Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146, Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0F4749CEDE3FCAB464B0CF559CE854D4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="562B7A0E950D13EB9A146FE822DB47F9" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C6BB83F694AC7D77E26F785735F3A95A">
<mods:title id="4B865A774F436C39A8B6467D351C767A">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8DFC62BA6D2DC9F60E0951BF19483B47">
<mods:date id="08351866AEF0F681A795201A23DA161F">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FD1BA3FD22145079ACF83C912AE5F580" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5B3318B5555694F96C5DAEDE35DFAA3A">2024-12-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2259AE3386ED26CB71F4C79A0FA50E81" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C14792119DFC070530978F3E6CFF8F36">8</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="03B8DC2A1E59EA2021A3C9AD48F3DA43" type="issue">
<mods:number id="966FC7F72C3D5DEA42624B28229C51E7">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="DA89948D239565DF8D954EDFDA5A2A3F" unit="page">
<mods:start id="BDCF53F93CFB4CDD8FEB9A8B0685C379">279</mods:start>
<mods:end id="91FE8218389AAC2E7E817DABB9FEE87B">310</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="692A72230D78D15E46AF2660E14616E5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="51C4818029EEBD60E6C5590F8CF9DAB4" type="DOI">10.3897/evolsyst.8.139468</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E8DB85A4E852F0EEFF79531FBAD19503" type="ZooBank">4D0ADC1E-13E8-404E-A10A-E28C371EBC96</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162" ID-arpha="8152BF87-8064-5884-9379-CA9F9270C162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8152BF87806458849379CA9F9270C162">
<subSubSection id="409B89F0F5FC43C90C0E84C1FE0A3617" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FEF67345662C00A903EE62CB80D66C8D">
<taxonomicName id="A1E57DDDCB156B5AB3C8DF164886ECB3" ID-CoL="4JJCL" authority="(Muller, 1773) Muller, 1776" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
<emphasis id="2B5359F3E5C1A67F191FE6C5E411D806" italics="true">Planaria torva</emphasis>
(Müller, 1773) Müller, 1776
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37F5F217793E4D503BEF2AE8BAF78A14" type="description">
<paragraph id="837DAA232850995BA312EB852BC0DC0C">
<figureCitation id="5139391116768C4F0FC6CBCC58B1BBBE" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAGDK" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B61FB91DB2832294B06F65A5EEC5E2D5">
<heading id="C6E8B6769648E0CBE94420C1DE74A92D" reason="title">Known distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A1BEB105042A5E9A6BA447C16EA7F6D">
Species broadly distributed in West Europe (
<collectingCountry id="AE2C0C8818911F1FCE6D54D24DF3C8DF" name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="17A7E0E542C7595F203174AAC6368C1E" name="Ireland">Ireland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D9D2553D3E9D003DD369DFD819387AB8" name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="664F4A813BB74B936981C19A523A0F3B" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3F2448ADA5AC79C37A76D704BD0C082D" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="55C819C11621313E7C3F3CEE4212B51E" name="Denmark">Denmark</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3386AEAB45BBF6D84EA7A06976ACE1E3" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C7054501C6BAC0E1AFD4C9C67BCE8F97" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8D7421FC96A3868D4F41656C80898CF" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="9378429D154F0534244684187CBB0EED" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="2FB86567A2C18DFD5363A00994DE49E0" author="Arndt" firstAuthor="Arndt" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin" pagination="218-222" refId="B6" refString="Arndt W (1926) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Land- und Süsswasserfauna Korsikas. I. Ergebnisse der Dr. Paul Schottlander-Lehrexpedition des Jahres 1914. 2. Turbellaria. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 12 (2): 218222." title="Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Land- und Süsswasserfauna Korsikas. I. Ergebnisse der Dr. Paul Schottlander-Lehrexpedition des Jahres 1914. 2. Turbellaria." volume="12" year="1926">Arndt 1926</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="01054335C8072F868BA9E0B072220549" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 142." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17C6510EA9F6D7F8822715E673A12000" author="Ronneberger" firstAuthor="Ronneberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Limnologica" pagination="323-419" refId="B94" refString="Ronneberger D (1975) Zur Kenntnis der Grundwasserfauna des Saale-Einzugsgebietes (Thüringen). Limnologica 9 (3): 323419." title="Zur Kenntnis der Grundwasserfauna des Saale-Einzugsgebietes (Thüringen)." volume="9" year="1975">Ronneberger 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7D0F37BDCFFD57C5A13188F2BC136F0A" author="Ball and Reynoldson" firstAuthor="Ball" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, London" refId="B10" refString="Ball IR, Reynoldson RB (1981) British Planarians. Platyhelminthes: Tricladida. Key and notes for the identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna 19. Cambridge University Press, London, 141 pp." title="British Planarians. Platyhelminthes: Tricladida. Key and notes for the identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna 19." year="1981">Ball and Reynoldson 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A14776D348793296D9CBA211009C30C8" author="Muller and Faubel" firstAuthor="Muller" pagination="363-396" refId="B73" refString="Müller D, Faubel A (1993) The Turbellaria of the River Elbe Estuary. A faunistic analysis of oligohaline and limnic areas. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl. 75: 363396." title="The Turbellaria of the River Elbe Estuary. A faunistic analysis of oligohaline and limnic areas. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl." volume="75" year="1993">Müller and Faubel 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FF16E064EF755B886A80744214BA6051" DOI="10.1899/11-092.1" author="Martin and Brunke" firstAuthor="Martin" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Science" pagination="542-562" refId="B70" refString="Martin P, Brunke M (2012) Faunal typology of lowland springs in northern Germany. Freshwater Science 31 (2): 542562. https://doi.org/10.1899/11-092.1" title="Faunal typology of lowland springs in northern Germany." volume="31" year="2012">Martin and Brunke 2012</bibRefCitation>
), East Europe (
<collectingCountry id="1566805F6409173DEAEDB92A1AE92071" name="Estonia">Estonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D80A91F68F81FC361EEE61005EAF8409" name="Latvia">Latvia</collectingCountry>
, Littauen,
<collectingCountry id="AB1545CB4A958B250ED7FFAA3E84D899" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="82C37BD0BC80B00E3BDF3F31B401E013" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="7067D53B6DA628DC166220B4E43303AB" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="0B76E95DBB086327DD1F8543D3B11E25" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 142." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="82BFB82C6A3A32A7A43CF1A2A6C528CC" author="Pinchuk" firstAuthor="Pinchuk" refId="B86" refString="Pinchuk VI (1979) A planarian species Tricladida Paludicola from the Dnieper River Delta Ukrainian-SSR New for the Fauna of the USSR. Vestnik Zoologii 6: 86." year="1979">Pinchuk 1979</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="3FFD10AD28E19FFE8B6A39F1D92F91CE" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2BE72B9B17713E45B617723EF1BAAE41" author="Grimm" firstAuthor="Grimm" journalOrPublisher="Petersburg Gesellschaft der Naturforscher" pagination="1-32" refId="B38" refString="Grimm AO (1877) Zur Kenntnis der Fauna des Ostsee. Arbeiten St. Petersburg Gesellschaft der Naturforscher 8: 132." title="Zur Kenntnis der Fauna des Ostsee. Arbeiten St." volume="8" year="1877">Grimm 1877</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0B5233839DB209CF632F7C22D3AB4407" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 142." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther 1961</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOHDK" type="material">
<paragraph id="003486480AFDAE8D69D2C5BF0E72C8AF">
<heading id="546DF802FD92A862595C28CE4837BF38" reason="title">Material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD50219BFDFD95C490EBC203A48B15E7">
<specimenCount id="A981761B31AD1FD90AB95DB30307EEDD" count="6" type="generic">Six specimens</specimenCount>
studied alive and preserved in absolute ethanol for future molecular analyses; one collected in Wandse river, submerged vegetation with organic matter,
<quantity id="D6D161BE12170B65AC1133E5920940C8" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="0.1">0.1 m</quantity>
deep; one in Planten un Blomen park, submerged litter,
<quantity id="E06565344FC318368A39A3B1F4BDCBD2" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
deep; and four in Kirchwerder-Fünfhausen, submerged vegetation and litter in an irrigation channel,
<quantity id="43A62115B2B9F09E7CC73D03200D1415" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.10.2 m</quantity>
deep.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETHDK" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="4310D15E609315F8D978E5DF3B3873F6">
<heading id="FF6B3D0DD2D1B728FB061198C8641FA2" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7CDD11FECC0EDB4BDFAA55A6D9CFD">
Live adult specimens measuring
<quantity id="91028824FBC1CFB4E4AF01D5BF6D468B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.51.5 cm</quantity>
, dark pigmented, with a pair of anterior eyes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7C60D333FA7D4E4D94214C70F6E376E1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 A C</figureCitation>
: e). Squeezed specimens show the pharynx and atrial organs. The pharynx (Fig.
<figureCitation id="506E5A2AE26439D1F101378A6D9620DE" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 C, D</figureCitation>
: ph) is located in the second body half and the mouth opens anterior to the male copulatory organ (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FD40152A58648990B632E035A7B87A06" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 A, C, D</figureCitation>
: mco). The seminal ducts form false seminal vesicles (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D2BA3D44D16997B131A871BE913E4B48" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 A, C, D</figureCitation>
: fsv) beside the anterior part of the pharynx. The male copulatory organ receives medially, independently, both seminal ducts, which evacuate the sperm in a single proximal seminal vesicle. Distally, the bulb forms a muscular penial papilla. One adenodactyl (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C79C4D110438A10DD2CEE613BD0041FA" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 C, D</figureCitation>
: ad) opens into the common atrium, at the right side of the male bulb; it is oriented backwards. The adenodactyl is distally bent and the central lumen makes it look hollow. The single observed structure of the female system was the bursa (Fig.
<figureCitation id="55F5E397232CF2A383EB6512C7EC9DDF" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Planaria torva. A. Habitus of swimming specimen; B D. Squeezed specimen." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026">13 D</figureCitation>
: b), located to the right side of the male organ.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DA5590FD1EB0531626A0340837DC79AA" ID-arpha="B771B89B-D420-528A-9A13-D91610F771D2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203026" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="4D5F1A0A4A8727EDFAF950274B715A2B">
<label id="EEFA4CB1193912A79F2859D55840C47F">Figure 13.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93C32F302112EFF10D29D10789D2046D">
<taxonomicName id="0C7FAC6E5C7EB89922578DD2869F2408" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
<emphasis id="6C9ADD50F778D6003906AEB652B04B47" italics="true">Planaria torva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B959D2527146B1ABF836B8CA4639EBBA" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Habitus of swimming specimen;
<emphasis id="E1D8C853FAB93E6F7FA76237C7B7AEC2" bold="true">B D.</emphasis>
Squeezed specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1993EA2332B2D6393037E6120B0C0CCC">
<taxonomicName id="31879B9844927A31839A789BC2CEBC3F" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
<emphasis id="1C4E679704E65D453B24834B85F66423" italics="true">Planaria torva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species widely distributed throughout West Europe, and it is frequently mentioned in taxonomic literature on triclads in the region. However, accurate identification of this species can be challenging without a detailed examination of internal morphology. The taxonomic history of
<taxonomicName id="F3CF4CD4D7DD397D405B8DD0F5120EE3" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
<emphasis id="21D3AE3BC7374BBD1F11E806702DA965" italics="true">P. torva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been contentious, with several studies mistakenly associating it with species of
<taxonomicName id="F4343A75603B00D850701B4C2C47ACB9" authority="(Ball et al. 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Ball" baseAuthorityYear="1969" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="129AE8EFA61596414E4684C7C48A0D64" italics="true">Dugesia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A69E6AFE3B0F5BD8FE4B815E5B1AC42E" DOI="10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" author="Ball" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ball" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology, London" pagination="99-123" refId="B11" refString="Ball IR, Reynoldson TB, Warwick T (1969) The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 99123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" title="The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain." volume="157" year="1969">Ball et al. 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In light of these issues, we based the identification of our specimens on descriptions provided by
<bibRefCitation id="1D3378EA1AFAC8B727BD4743BF14FF0E" author="Luther A" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 142." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther (1961)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="089ADDEA4D5127E4EB9342BA6F77F33D" DOI="10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" author="Ball IR &amp; Reynoldson TB &amp; Warwick T" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ball" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology, London" pagination="99-123" refId="B11" refString="Ball IR, Reynoldson TB, Warwick T (1969) The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 99123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" title="The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain." volume="157" year="1969">Ball et al. (1969)</bibRefCitation>
. The presence of an adenodactyl serves as a key distinguishing feature between our studied specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4D4A6470B113AEA86C54B80A3FCDF1BC" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
<emphasis id="C78BBEB3B8997B414F9E226611D9BEB4" italics="true">P. torva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and species of
<taxonomicName id="54249FEF6C75D467E289E4D62F0EB868" authority="(Luther 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Luther" baseAuthorityYear="1961" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50277577766FA945F682EC602570EAEF" italics="true">Dugesia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="07016DD8AABA2D513B86CB3EA72CBA46" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Fennica" pagination="1-42" refId="B62" refString="Luther A (1961) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida. Fauna Fennica 11: 142." title="Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens 2. Tricladida." volume="11" year="1961">Luther 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the overall structure of the atrial organs in our specimens, particularly the male bulb and the adenodactyl, unequivocally supports their classification within
<taxonomicName id="B400578EA93ACEF30F4AF12BCDC20889" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
<emphasis id="BAA677AA76EE0A4B7730E86E1D08B0CB" italics="true">P. torva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For a more comprehensive comparison of this species with related congeners, refer to
<bibRefCitation id="43D9B3C75D7878625F670E00D3C989CD" DOI="10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" author="Ball IR &amp; Reynoldson TB &amp; Warwick T" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ball" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology, London" pagination="99-123" refId="B11" refString="Ball IR, Reynoldson TB, Warwick T (1969) The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 99123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x" title="The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain." volume="157" year="1969">Ball et al. (1969)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>