468 lines
69 KiB
XML
468 lines
69 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9F25D6EF01F61B414785B21E6645CA85">Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., a new addition to spiny ants of the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Oligo-Miocene Mexican amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7DC4D2B8815A0F173EB23344A3257AC8">Varela-Hernández, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E3D9A2E80C2E8083577519EB4AA1EA9">Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular, Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, C. P. 62909, Jojutla, Morelos, México.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3644222F13DC4B2091B496941036A00F" type="email">fernando.varela@uaem.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7BBFFEF50692723B7C80D4CB03FADE4F">Riquelme, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C7E8F2651EE684566CF4149FA317DA35">Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular, Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, C. P. 62909, Jojutla, Morelos, México.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="88B5174A86CEC8EEE84364210B297139" type="email">francisco.riquelme@uaem.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="26F53FB2B9FD4B6D33D6B30C462D378C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E3110E98425F1AB1872F1B6F7BC99A43">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FDD5FE818839FE9D" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[608,882,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FDD5FE818839FE9D" bold="true" box="[608,882,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Pheidole praehistorica</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="21885101FFC1FF86FCCCFE808898FE9D" box="[889,979,265,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FD52FEC68806FED7" blockId="3.[379,1208,264,361]" box="[743,845,335,361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
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<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC1FF86FD52FEC68806FED7" box="[743,845,335,361]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionStartId-1="5.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionStartId-2="7.[190,233,1776,1802]" captionTargetBox-0="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[247,1339,677,1713]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId-1="figure-143@5.[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-114@7.[227,1361,654,1735]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing. A. Profile view. B. Frontal view." captionText-2="Fig. 3. The phylogenetic status of Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. among fossil and extant congeners inferred from the list of characters (Supp. file 1: Table S1) and the data matrix (Supp. file 1: Table S2), shows the twenty-eight morphological characters to construct the most parsimonious tree. The numbers above the white and black dots represent morphological characters, and the numbers below represent the character encoding. Black dots represent synapomorphies, and white dots represent homoplasies. † represents fossil species from Dominican and Mexican amber. Consistency index = 0.52; retention index = 0.65." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016531" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016534" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14016531/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14016534/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="40D563E3FFC1FF86FF08FE198FEEFC7F" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FE198A7DFE14" blockId="3.[189,310,400,426]" box="[189,310,400,426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
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<heading id="53388704FFC1FF86FF08FE198A7DFE14" bold="true" box="[189,310,400,426]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08FE198A7DFE14" bold="true" box="[189,310,400,426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FE368E3BFD6E" blockId="3.[188,1400,447,720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FF08FE368A80FE67" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,459,447,473]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08FE368A80FE67" box="[189,459,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Pheidole praehistorica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="21885101FFC1FF86FE66FE498964FE64" box="[467,559,448,474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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differs significantly from the other two Dominican fossil spiny species as follows:
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FEF4FE6A8A96FE42" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[321,477,483,508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FEF4FE6A8A96FE42" box="[321,477,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. primigenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has an average size of
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<quantity id="CF379D8DFFC1FF86FD52FE6B88D8FE43" box="[743,915,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2199999999999998" metricValueMax="3.56" metricValueMin="2.88" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.2199999999999998" valueMax="3.56" valueMin="2.88">2.88–3.56 mm</quantity>
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, while
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FC56FE6A8FD5FE42" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[995,1182,482,508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FC56FE6A8FD5FE42" box="[995,1182,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is smaller, with an average total length of
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<quantity id="CF379D8DFFC1FF86FE70FD8F896BFD9E" box="[453,544,518,544]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
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. It also differs by longer pronotal spines in
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FBA4FD8E8FE6FD9E" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[1041,1197,519,544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FBA4FD8E8FE6FD9E" box="[1041,1197,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. primigenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and smaller ones in
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FF6FFDA38AD8FDFD" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,403,553,579]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF6FFDA38AD8FDFD" box="[218,403,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FE14FDA089E6FDFD" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[417,685,553,579]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FE14FDA089E6FDFD" box="[417,685,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Pheidole praehistorica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a deeper mesonotal groove than
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FBE0FDA38FB8FDFD" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[1109,1267,554,579]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FBE0FDA38FB8FDFD" box="[1109,1267,554,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. primigenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; propodeal spines are curved downwards in
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FDFBFDC489A4FDD8" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[590,751,589,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FDFBFDC489A4FDD8" box="[590,751,589,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. primigenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but straight in
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FC1BFDC48F27FDD8" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[942,1132,588,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FC1BFDC48F27FDD8" box="[942,1132,588,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FBCAFDC48E6BFDD8" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[1151,1312,589,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FBCAFDC48E6BFDD8" box="[1151,1312,589,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. primigenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs markedly by the shape of the anterior edge of the clypeus, which is “slightly prominent in the middle and straight” (
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<bibRefCitation id="6C5E4D99FFC1FF86FED1FD1B891DFD13" author="Baroni-Urbani C." box="[356,598,658,685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref3769" refString="Baroni-Urbani C. 1995. Invasion and extinction in the West Indian ant fauna revised: the example of Pheidole (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VIII: Myrmicinae, partim). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 222: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1995">Baroni-Urbani 1995</bibRefCitation>
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), while it is formed by a median projection with a minute denticle in the middle and a lateral denticle on each side of the median projection in
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<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FBACFD3E8F9FFD6E" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[1049,1236,694,720]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
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<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FBACFD3E8F9FFD6E" box="[1049,1236,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC1FF86FB51FD3F8E2FFD6E" box="[1252,1380,694,720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FD7E8FEEFC7F" blockId="3.[189,1399,759,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FF08FD7E8AC8FCAF" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[189,387,759,785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tethepa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08FD7E8AC8FCAF" box="[189,387,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Pheidole tethepa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is another fossil species from Dominican amber with pronotal spines similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FF6BFC928A37FC8A" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[222,380,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF6BFC928A37FC8A" box="[222,380,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. primigenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FE02FC928938FC8A" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[439,627,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FE02FC928938FC8A" box="[439,627,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="21885101FFC1FF86FDCEFC92899CFC8B" box="[635,727,795,821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FCEDFC928887FC8A" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[856,972,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tethepa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FCEDFC928887FC8A" box="[856,972,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. tethepa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a pair of gular spines not found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FF6EFCB78A31FCE9" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[219,378,830,855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF6EFCB78A31FCE9" box="[219,378,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. primigenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FE14FCB78916FCE9" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[417,605,829,855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FE14FCB78916FCE9" box="[417,605,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FD4DFCB788DDFCE9" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[760,918,830,855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FD4DFCB788DDFCE9" box="[760,918,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. primigenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FC7AFCB78FC1FCE9" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[975,1162,829,855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FC7AFCB78FC1FCE9" box="[975,1162,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a well-formed head collar not found in
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FE5FFCEB8923FCC5" box="[490,616,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FE5FFCEB892FFCC5" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[490,612,865,891]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tethepa">P. tethepa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FCB3FCEB8830FCC5" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[774,891,865,891]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tethepa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FCB3FCEB8830FCC5" box="[774,891,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. tethepa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs markedly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FB2DFCEB8E1EFCC5" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[1176,1365,865,891]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FB2DFCEB8E1EFCC5" box="[1176,1365,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the shape of the middle of the anterior edge of the clypeus which is convex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FB17FC0C8E51FC20" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1186,1306,900,926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tethepa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FB17FC0C8E51FC20" box="[1186,1306,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. tethepa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC1FF86FF08FC218A33FC7F" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,376,935,961]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08FC218A33FC7F" box="[189,376,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is formed by a median projection with a tiny denticle at its middle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="40D563E3FFC1FF86FF08FC608FF3FB8F" box="[189,1208,1001,1074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FC608A0FFBBD" blockId="3.[189,324,1001,1027]" box="[189,324,1001,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="53388704FFC1FF86FF08FC608A0FFBBD" bold="true" box="[189,324,1001,1027]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08FC608A0FFBBD" bold="true" box="[189,324,1001,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FB9E8FF3FB8F" blockId="3.[189,1208,1047,1074]" box="[189,1208,1047,1074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">The specific Latin epithet refers to the fossil (prehistoric) condition of the new species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="40D563E3FFC1FF86FF08FBD08E11FAF2" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FBD08A27FBCC" blockId="3.[189,364,1112,1139]" box="[189,364,1112,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="53388704FFC1FF86FF08FBD08A27FBCC" bold="true" box="[189,364,1112,1139]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08FBD08A27FBCC" bold="true" box="[189,364,1112,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF5FFB0E8A17FB1F" blockId="3.[189,1398,1159,1256]" box="[234,348,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF5FFB0E8A17FB1F" bold="true" box="[234,348,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D7748ECAFFC1FF86FF5FFB0E8A17FB1F" box="[234,348,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FB238A9CFB56" blockId="3.[189,1398,1159,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B8A73A35FFC1FF86FF08FB238A9CFB56" collectionCode="CPAL-UAEM" country="Mexico" latitude="17.153055" location="Montrecristo mine" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-92.76889" municipality="Simojovel" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" specimenCode="CPAL.464" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiapas" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="70D870F8FFC1FF86FF08FB238A7AFB7A" box="[189,305,1194,1220]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA0BFE8AFFC1FF86FEEEFB238AF7FB7A" box="[347,444,1194,1220]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E814AA12FFC1FF86FE64FB238906FB7A" box="[465,589,1194,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Simojovel</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="0D1066B3FFC1FF86FDD4FB23880CFB7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8066817EFFC1FF83FDD5FE81887BFAA4:0D1066B3FFC1FF86FDD4FB23880CFB7A" box="[609,839,1194,1220]" country="Mexico" latitude="17.153055" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-92.76889" municipality="Simojovel" name="Montrecristo mine" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" stateProvince="Chiapas">Montrecristo mine</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6DFB56AFFFC1FF86FCE9FB2088B2FB7B" box="[860,1017,1193,1221]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" precision="15" seconds="11" value="17.153055">17°09′11″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6DFB56AFFFC1FF86FBBBFB208FF9FB7B" box="[1038,1202,1193,1221]" degrees="92" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-92.76889">92°46′08″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6EDEA8ADFFC1FF86FB72FB238E38FB7A" box="[1223,1395,1194,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">CPAL-UAEM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="58699813FFC1FF86FF08FB448A72FB59" box="[189,313,1229,1255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">CPAL.464</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC1FF86FEFCFB448A81FB56" box="[329,458,1229,1256]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF5FFA868A2CFA97" blockId="3.[189,1370,1295,1357]" box="[234,359,1295,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF5FFA868A2CFA97" bold="true" box="[234,359,1295,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D7748ECAFFC1FF86FF5FFA868A2CFA97" box="[234,359,1295,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FABB8E11FAF2" blockId="3.[189,1370,1295,1357]" box="[189,1370,1330,1357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B8A73A35FFC1FF86FF08FABB8E1DFAF2" box="[189,1366,1330,1357]" collectionCode="CPAL-UAEM" country="Mexico" latitude="17.153055" location="Montrecristo mine" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-92.76889" municipality="Simojovel" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" specimenCode="CPAL.465, CPAL.466, CPAL.467, CPAL.468" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Chiapas" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="70D870F8FFC1FF86FF08FABB8A7AFAF2" box="[189,305,1330,1356]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="1EC9FBE1FFC1FF86FEFFFABB8AE8FAF3" box="[330,419,1330,1357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">4 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
; same data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6EDEA8ADFFC1FF86FD5FFABB88DDFAF2" box="[746,918,1330,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">CPAL-UAEM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="58699813FFC1FF86FC14FABB8F57FAF3" box="[929,1052,1330,1357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">CPAL.465</specimenCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<specimenCode id="58699813FFC1FF86FBF7FABB8FF6FAF2" box="[1090,1213,1330,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">CPAL.468</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC1FF86FB7BFABB8E06FAF2" box="[1230,1357,1330,1356]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="6EDEA8ADFFC1FF86FABAFABB8E6CFAF2" box="[1295,1319,1330,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">D</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectionCode id="6EDEA8ADFFC1FF86FA8DFABB8E06FAF2" box="[1336,1357,1330,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">E</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="40D563E3FFC1FF86FF08FAFD8A55F998" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FAFD8A64FA30" blockId="3.[189,303,1396,1422]" box="[189,303,1396,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="53388704FFC1FF86FF08FAFD8A64FA30" bold="true" box="[189,303,1396,1422]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08FAFD8A64FA30" bold="true" box="[189,303,1396,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08FA2B8A55F998" blockId="3.[188,1400,1442,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D7748ECAFFC1FF86FF4FFA2A8A21FA03" box="[250,362,1443,1469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are fossil inclusions, complete articulated specimens except CPAL.468, which is disarticulated medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC1FF86FE69FA4C8973FA61" box="[476,568,1477,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). All specimens are embedded in a single piece of amber, surrounded by plant remains and soil. They are housed in the Colección de Paleontología (CPAL-UAEM),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA0BFE8AFFC1FF86FABAFA618E3FF9BC" box="[1295,1396,1512,1538]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Morelos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="70D870F8FFC1FF86FF09F9858A52F998" box="[188,281,1548,1574]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="40D563E3FFC1FF86FF08F9C48E6AF907" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08F9C48A89F9D9" blockId="3.[189,450,1613,1639]" box="[189,450,1613,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="53388704FFC1FF86FF08F9C48A89F9D9" bold="true" box="[189,450,1613,1639]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08F9C48A89F9D9" bold="true" box="[189,450,1613,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Locality and horizon</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08F9F58E6AF907" blockId="3.[189,1399,1658,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="70D870F8FFC1FF86FF08F9F58A51F928" box="[189,282,1660,1686]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CA0BFE8AFFC1FF86FE99F9F58AC6F928" box="[300,397,1660,1686]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Simojovel, Montrecristo mine:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6DFB56AFFFC1FF86FC90F9F3888AF928" box="[805,961,1658,1686]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" precision="15" seconds="11" value="17.153055">17°09′11″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6DFB56AFFFC1FF86FC61F9F38F3EF928" box="[980,1141,1658,1686]" degrees="92" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-92.76889">92°46′08″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Upper strata of the Simojovel Formation at the late Oligocene and early Miocene boundary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C5E4D99FFC1FF86FBA2F9168E5EF907" author="Riquelme F. & Ortega-Flores B. & Estrada-Ruiz E. & Cordova-Tabares V." box="[1047,1301,1695,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" refId="ref5223" refString="Riquelme F., Ortega-Flores B., Estrada-Ruiz E. & Cordova-Tabares V. 2024. Zircon U-Pb ages of the Chiapas Amber-Lagerstatte (Mexico: Chiapas: Simojovel). SSRN preprint article. https: // doi. org / 10.2139 / ssrn. 4778409" type="book" year="2024">
|
||
Riquelme
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FB26F9298F86F907" box="[1171,1229,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="40D563E3FFC1FF83FF08F9698AA5FC37" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08F9698AF9F944" blockId="3.[189,434,1760,1786]" box="[189,434,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="53388704FFC1FF86FF08F9698AF9F944" bold="true" box="[189,434,1760,1786]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC1FF86FF08F9698AF9F944" bold="true" box="[189,434,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Worker description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF86FF08F8868A21F8F2" blockId="3.[189,1398,1807,1868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="0E96A6B4FFC1FF86FF08F8868A25F899" baselines="1826,1826" box="[189,366,1807,1833]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(n = 1). HL 0.65, HW 0.50, SL 0.85, WL 0.9, CI 76.92, SI 130, PNS 0.15, PPS 0.35 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC1FF86FF72F8BB8A62F8F2" box="[199,297,1842,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC1FF86FE80F8BB8A16F8F2" box="[309,349,1842,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing. A. Profile view. B. Frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016531/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC1FF83FF08F8FD8A1EFED7" blockId="3.[187,1400,1907,2004]" lastBlockId="6.[189,1399,265,361]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="0E96A6B4FFC1FF86FF08F8FD8BB7F832" baselines="1927,1927" box="[189,252,1908,1934]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Slightly longer than wide; sides subparallel, occipital border straight, post occipital border forming a ‘collar’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC1FF86FE8DF81E8AF7F80F" box="[312,444,1943,1969]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gena reticule-striated, the occipital border with scattered small bulges, frontal carenas parallel, the area between frontal carenas smooth, posterior margin of clypeus convex, anterior margin discontinuous, formed by a median projection with a tiny denticle at the middle of it, then the margin of clypeus creating a curve to the lateral sides before projecting again as a denticle on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC7FF80FF70FEC68A0CFED7" box="[197,327,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">Figs 1A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC7FF80FEE7FEC68A33FED7" box="[338,376,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing. A. Profile view. B. Frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016531/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus with four long hairs, two on each side of the median denticle and one on each of the lateral ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC7FF80FE29FEFB8954FE33" box="[412,543,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">Figs 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC7FF80FD9EFEFA891AFE33" box="[555,593,371,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing. A. Profile view. B. Frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016531/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The antenna scape long, surpassing the occipital border of the head by about twice the length of the scape, scape with 12 segments, three-clubbed, club as long as the rest of the funicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC7FF80FEC7FE308AB3FE6D" box="[370,504,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">Figs 1A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC7FF80FDB2FE308919FE6D" box="[519,594,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing. A. Profile view. B. Frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016531/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">2A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
); antenna covered with long fine erect setae. Mandibles triangular, masticatory and inner border angled, straight, and smooth. Pattern dentition from apical to basal teeth as follows: apical and preapical teeth longer than all other teeth, apical tooth longer than preapical, one tiny denticle, one tooth, three denticles, and a tooth located at the junction of the masticatory and the inner border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5CB060E0FFC6FF81FF08F8978AC2F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" startId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" targetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC6FF81FF08F8978AC2F857" blockId="4.[187,1399,1822,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC6FF81FF08F8978A46F886" bold="true" box="[189,269,1822,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC6FF81FEA3F897896EF886" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[278,549,1822,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC6FF81FEA3F897896EF886" box="[278,549,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Pheidole praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="21885101FFC6FF81FD9BF89689C0F887" box="[558,651,1823,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC6FF81FD20F8978987F886" bold="true" box="[661,716,1822,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype (CPAL.464).
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC6FF81FC41F8978F43F886" bold="true" box="[1012,1032,1822,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC6FF81FB03F8978F81F886" bold="true" box="[1206,1226,1822,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC6FF81FF0AF8C88B98F8E5" bold="true" box="[191,211,1857,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma.
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC6FF81FCAFF8CB8865F8E2" bold="true" box="[794,814,1858,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head.
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC6FF81FEB3F8EC8A51F8C1" bold="true" box="[262,282,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5CB060E0FFC7FF80FF0BF8228A31F856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14016531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016531/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="91" startId="5.[190,233,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1398,559,1919]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC7FF80FF0BF8228A31F856" blockId="5.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC7FF80FF0BF8228A5AF87B" bold="true" box="[190,273,1963,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC7FF80FEA9F8228965F87B" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[284,558,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC7FF80FEA9F8228965F87B" box="[284,558,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">Pheidole praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="21885101FFC7FF80FD8FF82589D7F878" box="[570,668,1964,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing.
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC7FF80FB00F8228F81F87B" bold="true" box="[1205,1226,1963,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC7FF80FF08F8478B9AF856" bold="true" box="[189,209,1998,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC4FF83FF08FE188910FD1F" blockId="6.[189,1399,401,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="0E96A6B4FFC4FF83FF08FE188A71FE17" baselines="420,420" box="[189,314,401,427]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Mesosoma" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">MESOSOMA</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Apparently hard, with intricate sculpture, striated and punctured. Pronotum long, forming a long neck in profile view, convex, with a pair of spines that project dorsolaterally. Promesonotal suture slightly marked (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FE37FE5E896BFE4F" box="[386,544,471,497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Fig. 1A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesonotum curved, U-shape margin in profile view so that the posterior extreme of the U connects with the promesonotal suture. The mesonotal groove deep and U-shaped. Propodeum with a pair of long straight spines projecting posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FBB4FD978FE6FD86" box="[1025,1197,542,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Figs 1A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FB09FD978FA8FD86" box="[1212,1251,542,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing. A. Profile view. B. Frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016531/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsal and declivitous margins well differentiated, forming a 90 degrees angle. The petiole with a long slender stalk, the petiole node relatively short, anterior and posterior faces of the petiolar node form a triangle in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FEC0FD0E8952FD1C" box="[373,537,647,674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Figs 1A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FD93FD0E8905FD1F" box="[550,590,647,673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[189,1398,559,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., holotype (CPAL.464), schematic drawing. A. Profile view. B. Frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016531/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC4FF83FF08FD408FF3FD5D" blockId="6.[189,1208,713,739]" box="[189,1208,713,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="0E96A6B4FFC4FF83FF08FD408BBDFD5F" baselines="732,732" box="[189,246,713,739]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Legs" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">LEGS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Mid and hind tibiae devoided of spurs, hind femur with minute decumbent hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC4FF83FF08FC838E2BFC9A" blockId="6.[189,1376,778,805]" box="[189,1376,778,805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="0E96A6B4FFC4FF83FF08FC838A5FFC9D" baselines="797,798" box="[189,276,778,804]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Gaster" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">GASTER</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. With long, slender, erect setae, setae scattered, dorsum of first gastral tergite finely aciculate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC4FF83FF08FCC58AA5FC37" blockId="6.[189,1398,843,905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="0E96A6B4FFC4FF83FF08FCC58A42FCDA" baselines="863,863" box="[189,265,844,870]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Color" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">COLOR</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Body with solid cuticle, covered with long erect setae, concolorous light yellow in amber preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FEEBFCE68AAAFC37" box="[350,481,879,905]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[212,1376,265,1779]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (CPAL.464). A. Profile view. B. Frontal view. C. Closer lateral view of the head and mesosoma. D. Paratype (CPAL.465), latero-frontal view of the head. E. Paratype (CPAL.468), profile view. Abbreviations: acl = antennal club; an = antenna; cly = clypeus; ey = eyes; fl = foreleg; ga = gaster; ha = hairs on clypeus; hd = head; hl = hind leg; mn = mandible; nck = neck; p = petiole; pn = pronotum; pns = pronotal spine; pp = postpetiole; pps = propodeal spine; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016527/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Fig. 1A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="40D563E3FFC4FF83FF08FC38887BFAA4" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC4FF83FF08FC388A90FC70" blockId="6.[189,475,945,974]" box="[189,475,945,974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FF08FC388A90FC70" bold="true" box="[189,475,945,974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Phylogenetic analysis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08703068FFC4FF83FF08FC6F887BFAA4" blockId="6.[188,1400,998,1306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Results show three most parsimonious cladograms. Here, we present the strict consensus one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FAAAFC6F8E2CFBBE" box="[1311,1383,998,1024]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[190,233,1776,1802]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,677,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[227,1361,654,1735]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. The phylogenetic status of Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. among fossil and extant congeners inferred from the list of characters (Supp. file 1: Table S1) and the data matrix (Supp. file 1: Table S2), shows the twenty-eight morphological characters to construct the most parsimonious tree. The numbers above the white and black dots represent morphological characters, and the numbers below represent the character encoding. Black dots represent synapomorphies, and white dots represent homoplasies. † represents fossil species from Dominican and Mexican amber. Consistency index = 0.52; retention index = 0.65." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the cladogram,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FE2EFB808963FB9D" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[411,552,1033,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chartifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FE2EFB808963FB9D" box="[411,552,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">C. chartifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FDD2FB838841FB9D" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1913" box="[615,778,1033,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FDD2FB838841FB9D" box="[615,778,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">F. integroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FCFCFB83888EFB9D" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1903" box="[841,965,1034,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolichoderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurius">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FCFCFB83888EFB9D" box="[841,965,1034,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">D. spurius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form independent clades out of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FF08FBA58A07FBF8" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[189,332,1068,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FE6FFBA58922FBF8" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[474,617,1068,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade is well supported by synapomorphies 8, 22, 23, 24 and 26. There is a polytomy formed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FD9AFBD989F4FBD7" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[559,703,1104,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Atta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FD9AFBD989F4FBD7" box="[559,703,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">A. mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FD7BFBD98806FBD7" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[718,845,1104,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FD7BFBD98806FBD7" box="[718,845,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">C. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FCDAFBD98F46FBD7" authorityName="Baroni-Urbani" authorityYear="1995" box="[879,1037,1104,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primigenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FCDAFBD98F46FBD7" box="[879,1037,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">P. primigenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FB9EFBD98FAEFBD7" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[1067,1253,1103,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FB9EFBD98FAEFBD7" box="[1067,1253,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FABBFBC68A58FB32" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tethepa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FABBFBC68A58FB32" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Pheidole tethepa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and all the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FD9BFBFB89DDFB32" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[558,662,1138,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FD9BFBFB89DDFB32" box="[558,662,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FD13FBFB89A4FB33" box="[678,751,1138,1165]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[190,233,1776,1802]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,677,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[227,1361,654,1735]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. The phylogenetic status of Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. among fossil and extant congeners inferred from the list of characters (Supp. file 1: Table S1) and the data matrix (Supp. file 1: Table S2), shows the twenty-eight morphological characters to construct the most parsimonious tree. The numbers above the white and black dots represent morphological characters, and the numbers below represent the character encoding. Black dots represent synapomorphies, and white dots represent homoplasies. † represents fossil species from Dominican and Mexican amber. Consistency index = 0.52; retention index = 0.65." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, two internal clades are recognized, one of them consists of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FD9AFB1F89DCFB0E" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[559,663,1174,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FD9AFB1F89DCFB0E" box="[559,663,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in this analysis and the other consisting of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FAA5FB1F8E33FB0E" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[1296,1400,1174,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FAA5FB1F8E33FB0E" box="[1296,1400,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fossil ants, which is well supported by synapomorphies 1, 5, 7, 10, and 21 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="90F42CEDFFC4FF83FBCDFB308F8FFB6D" box="[1144,1220,1209,1235]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[190,233,1776,1802]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,677,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[227,1361,654,1735]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. The phylogenetic status of Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. among fossil and extant congeners inferred from the list of characters (Supp. file 1: Table S1) and the data matrix (Supp. file 1: Table S2), shows the twenty-eight morphological characters to construct the most parsimonious tree. The numbers above the white and black dots represent morphological characters, and the numbers below represent the character encoding. Black dots represent synapomorphies, and white dots represent homoplasies. † represents fossil species from Dominican and Mexican amber. Consistency index = 0.52; retention index = 0.65." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14016534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14016534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Accordingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFCF4BEBFFC4FF83FF08FB548A3CFB48" authorityName="Varela-Hernández & Riquelme" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,375,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praehistorica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABBEC7AFFC4FF83FF08FB548A3CFB48" box="[189,375,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="92">P. praehistorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="21885101FFC4FF83FEC9FB548A9DFB49" box="[380,470,1245,1271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="92" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
provides new insights into a spinescence character found in New World species from the late Oligocene and early Miocene boundary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |