treatments-xml/data/7F/B9/0D/7FB90D6846535656A75F8A7A654368E5.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1151-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="58DA6C4192BB58FAB832DC3540943D93" ID-ZooBank="4AACB0A62800465DA10FE69B4CEE3E05" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1151-47" checkinTime="1677663973719" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huang, Junkai, Liu, Xiao Long, Du, Lingyun, Bernstein, Justin M., Liu, Shuo, Yang, Yun, Yu, Guohua &amp; Wu, Zhengjun" docDate="2023" docId="7FB90D6846535656A75F8A7A654368E5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1151: 47-65" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1151" docPubDate="2023-02-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616" docTitle="Raorchestes malipoensis Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0DCF253A-45E1-4354-9C6B-AA44E7C6C309" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="58DA6C4192BB58FAB832DC3540943D93" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="58DA6C4192BB58FAB832DC3540943D93" masterDocTitle="A new species of Bush frog (Anura, Rhacophoridae, Raorchestes) from southeastern Yunnan, China" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1677664275333" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Bush frog (Anura, Rhacophoridae, Raorchestes) from southeastern Yunnan, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Huang, Junkai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liu, Xiao Long</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Du, Lingyun</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-4017</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bernstein, Justin M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-3340</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liu, Shuo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-3006</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, 195 University Ave Newark, NJ 07102, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yang, Yun</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yu, Guohua</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yugh2018@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wu, Zhengjun</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wu_zhengjun@aliyun.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1151</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>47</mods:start>
<mods:end>65</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1151-47</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4AACB0A62800465DA10FE69B4CEE3E05</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">58DA6C4192BB58FAB832DC3540943D93</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0DCF253A-45E1-4354-9C6B-AA44E7C6C309" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7FB90D6846535656A75F8A7A654368E5" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/0DCF253A-45E1-4354-9C6B-AA44E7C6C309" authority="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu, 2023" authorityName="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raorchestes malipoensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malipoensis" status="sp. nov.">Raorchestes malipoensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Holotype (GXNU 000339) of Raorchestes malipoensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/817205" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName authority="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu, 2023" authorityName="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Pseudophilautus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophilautus gryllus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus" status="sp. nov.">Pseudophilautus gryllus</taxonomicName>
&quot; 
<taxonomicName authority="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu, 2023" authorityName="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Pseudophilautus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudophilautus gryllus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus" status="sp. nov.">Pseudophilautus gryllus</taxonomicName>
&quot; (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.023" author="Li, JT" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="509 - 522" refId="B19" refString="Li, JT, Che, J, Murphy, RW, Zhao, H, Zhao, EM, Rao, DQ, Zhang, YP, 2009. New insights to the molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura) based on five nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, with comments on the evolution of reproduction. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53 (2): 509 - 522, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.023" title="New insights to the molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura) based on five nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, with comments on the evolution of reproduction." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.023" volume="53" year="2009">Li et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName authority="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu, 2023" authorityName="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raorchestes gryllus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus" status="sp. nov.">Raorchestes gryllus</taxonomicName>
&quot; 
<taxonomicName authority="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu, 2023" authorityName="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raorchestes gryllus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus" status="sp. nov.">Raorchestes gryllus</taxonomicName>
&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Biju, SD" journalOrPublisher="Current Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1119 - 1125" refId="B6" refString="Biju, SD, Shouche, Y, Dubois, A, Dutta, SK, Bossuyt, F, 2010. A ground-dwelling rhacophorid frog from the highest mountain peak of the Western Ghats of India. Current Science 98 (8): 1119 - 1125" title="A ground-dwelling rhacophorid frog from the highest mountain peak of the Western Ghats of India." volume="98" year="2010">Biju et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
GXNU 000339, adult male, collected from Malipo County, Yunnan Province (
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.182" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="23.182">23.182°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.78" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.78">104.78°E</geoCoordinate>
, elevation 1496 m) on 22 July 2020 by Shuo Liu.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">SWFU 3110, SWFU 3113, SWFU 3114, SWFU 3116, GXNU 000338, GXNU 000341 (six adult males), SWFU 3111, SWFU 3112, GXNU 000340, GXNU 000342 (four adult females), collected at the same locality as the holotype on 22 July 2020 by Xiaolong Liu and Shuo Liu.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raorchestes" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Raorchestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a group of small frogs, diagnosed primarily on the basis of an adult snout-vent length between 15 and 45 mm; vomerine teeth absent; large gular pouch transparent while calling; nocturnally active; direct development without free-swimming tadpoles in all species for which the development is known (
<bibRefCitation author="Biju, SD" journalOrPublisher="Current Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1119 - 1125" refId="B6" refString="Biju, SD, Shouche, Y, Dubois, A, Dutta, SK, Bossuyt, F, 2010. A ground-dwelling rhacophorid frog from the highest mountain peak of the Western Ghats of India. Current Science 98 (8): 1119 - 1125" title="A ground-dwelling rhacophorid frog from the highest mountain peak of the Western Ghats of India." volume="98" year="2010">Biju et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Although the mode of development in the new species remains unknown, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. malipoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is placed in the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raorchestes" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Raorchestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the combination of following characters: small body size, vomerine teeth absent, single translucent external subgular vocal sac present, and tips of all fingers and toes expanded into discs with circum-marginal grooves. The new species is distinguished from geographically and molecularly relevant congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) very small body size (males SVL 14.6-17.7 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 7; females SVL 18.3-19.3 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4); (2) head wider than long; (3) tympanum small, supratympanic fold distinct; (4) tips of all fingers and toes yellow; (5) webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V); (6) inner and outer metacarpal tubercle indistinct; (7) heels not meeting when limbs held at right angles to body; (8) tibiotarsal articulation reaching anterior border of eye when hindlimb is stretched alongside of body; (9) iris golden brown; (10) nuptial pad small and milky white; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle rounded, outer metatarsal tubercle absent; (12) fingers and toes having lateral dermal fringe; and (13) interorbital distance larger than eye horizontal diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
Adult male (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Holotype (GXNU 000339) of Raorchestes malipoensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/817205" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4</figureCitation>
), body size small (SVL 17.7 mm); head wider than long (HL 6.4 mm; HW 6.8 mm); top of head relatively flat; snout rounded in profile, projecting beyond lower jaw; snout length almost equal to interorbital distance at narrowest point (SL 2.6 mm; IOS 2.6 mm); the canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region slightly concave; tympanum small (TD 1.5 mm); internarial distance wider than maximum width of upper eyelid (INS 2.1 mm; UEW 1.3 mm); nostril slightly closer to tip of snout than to anterior corner of eyes; tongue pyriform, with a deep notch at posterior tip; vomerine teeth absent; pineal ocellus absent; eyes moderately large (EHD 2.6 mm) and protruding, pupil horizontal; supratympanic fold distinct, from posterior corner of eye to above insertion of arm.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/817205" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Holotype (GXNU 000339) of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raorchestes malipoensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Raorchestes malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Forelimbs fairly robust (FAHL 8.2 mm); relative finger lengths: I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III, tips of all four fingers expanded into discs with circum-marginal grooves; all fingers with lateral dermal fringes on both sides; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded; supernumerary tubercles absent; no webbing between fingers; inner and outer metacarpal tubercle indistinct; nuptial pad is small and milky white on dorsal surface of the first finger.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Foot long and relatively robust (TFL 11 mm), longer than tibia length (TBL 8.8 mm); relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; tips of toes with discs having circum-marginal grooves, toe discs smaller than finger discs; all toes with lateral dermal fringes on both sides; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded; supernumerary tubercles absent; webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V); inner metatarsal tubercle rounded, outer metatarsal tubercle absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Dorsal surfaces of head, body, forelimbs, thighs, and tibia rough with small granules; upper eyelid with several small granules; throat, chest, and ventral surfaces of forelimbs smooth; abdomen, ventral side of thigh, and area around vent with granules; dorsolateral folds absent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="coloration of holotype in life">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Coloration of holotype in life.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
For coloration of the holotype in life see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Holotype (GXNU 000339) of Raorchestes malipoensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/817205" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4</figureCitation>
. Dorsal surface beige, with pale brown band between eyes; dorsal surface with a dark brown X-shaped marking; pale brown interorbital rectangle between eyes; upper and lower lips with white and black dots; supratympanic fold pale brown; iris golden brown; dorsal parts of arms and legs with dark brown crossbars that align; crotch with a distinct black patch bordering large creamy white plaque below the black patch near the groin; dorsal thigh beige with one brown crossbar when leg is bent in resting position; ventral surface body and beige, and area around vent with small black spots; discs of fingers and toes yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="coloration in alcohol">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Coloration in alcohol.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
After preservation in alcohol, the general pattern did not change. Dorsal color changed to grayish brown, the blotches or spots blackish brown, discs on the fingers become pale gray similar to the body color, ventral side become whiter (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype (GXNU 000339) of Raorchestes malipoensis sp. nov. in preservative, showing A dorsal view B ventral view C ventral view of hand D ventral view of foot." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/817206" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/817206" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Holotype (GXNU 000339) of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huang &amp; Liu &amp; Du &amp; Bernstein &amp; Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Yu &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raorchestes malipoensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Raorchestes malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in preservative, showing 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
ventral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
ventral view of hand 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
ventral view of foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The specific epithet is named for the type locality, Malipo County, Yunnan Province, China. We suggest &quot;Malipo Bush Frog&quot; as its English common name, and &quot;Ma Li Po Guan Shu Wa (
<normalizedToken originalValue="麻栗坡灌树蛙)”">麻栗坡灌树蛙)&quot;</normalizedToken>
as its Chinese common name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
Currently known from the type locality, Malipo County (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. The type locality of Raorchestes malipoensis sp. nov., its closest relatives, and also Kurixalus gryllus (previously Raorchestes gryllus)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1151.95616.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/817202" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1</figureCitation>
), Yunnan Province, China and Pac Ban, Tuyen Quang, in north of Vietnam.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The measurements are given in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (mm) of adult specimens in the type series of Raorchestes malipoensis sp. nov. Abbreviations defined in the Materials and methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/23EF53DFCB9D2CBBE9EC7B754BFC0346" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="23EF53DFCB9D2CBBE9EC7B754BFC0346">1</tableCitation>
. GXNU 000338 has large black spots on dorsal side and GXNU000342 has distinctly darker ground color on dorsal side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Comparisons.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
Rather than comparing 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. malipoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. to all known 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raorchestes" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Raorchestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we focus on our morphological comparison with phylogenetically closely related taxa and species without genetic data in adjacent countries (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of R. malipoensis sp. nov. with phylogenetically closely related taxa or those with no genetic data in surrounding countries. &quot; - &quot; means unknown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/452080E482E5380E1AF965CCD43FC01E" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="452080E482E5380E1AF965CCD43FC01E">5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="452080E482E5380E1AF965CCD43FC01E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/452080E482E5380E1AF965CCD43FC01E" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Table 5" startId="T5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Table 5.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. malipoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. with phylogenetically closely related taxa or those with no genetic data in surrounding countries. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“-”">&quot;-&quot;</normalizedToken>
means unknown.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. malipoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="malipoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. malipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. menglaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="menglaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. menglaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. parvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. dulongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="dulongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. dulongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. hillisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="hillisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. hillisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. huanglianshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="huanglianshan">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. huanglianshan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. cangyuanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="cangyuanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. cangyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. ghatei" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="ghatei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. ghatei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. rezakhani" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="rezakhani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. rezakhani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. annandalii" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="annandalii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. annandalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. bombayensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="bombayensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. bombayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. tuberohumerus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="tuberohumerus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. tuberohumerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. longchuanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="longchuanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. longchuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. andersoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">SVL of adult males (in mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
14.6-17.7, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 7
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
16.6-21.6, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 14
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
15.0-19.0, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 3
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
14.5-17.7, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 3
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
17.0-19.6, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 11
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
16.1-19.0 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 3
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
19.1-25.5, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
18.8-19.0 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
30 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= -
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
17.4-18.2 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 3
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
21.4-23.9 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 5
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
13.5-24.0 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 2
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">SVL of adult females (in mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
18.3-19.3, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
18.9-20.5, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 2
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
23.6, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
17.5, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
21.5, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
15.4-29.8, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 13
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
17.0 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1
</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">SVL of adult (in mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
14.6-19.3, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 11
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
16.6-21.6, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 18
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
23.6, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
15.0-19.0, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 3
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
14.5-17.7, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
17.0-21.5, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
16.1-19.0 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 3
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
15.4-29.8, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 22
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
18.8-19.0 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
17.0 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
30 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= -
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
17.4-18.2 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 3
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
21.4-23.9 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 5
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
13.5-24.0 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 2
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS/EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS&gt; EHD, or IOS = EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS&gt; EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS &lt;EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS &lt;EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS &lt;EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS&gt; EHD, or IOS=EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS &lt;EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS &lt;EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS&gt; EHD, or IOS = EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS&gt; EHD, or IOS = EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS&gt; EHD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">IOS &lt;EHD</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW/HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW&gt; HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW &lt;HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW&gt; HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW &lt;HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW &lt;HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW&gt; HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW&gt; HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW&gt; HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW&gt; HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW &lt;HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW&gt; HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW ≈ HDL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">HDW&gt; HDL</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Tympanum</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Distinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Distinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Distinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Distinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Distinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Distinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Distinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Distinct</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Nuptial pad</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Small and milky white</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">white nuptial pad</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Reddish nuptial pad</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Toe web</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">II 1 - 2 III 1 - 21/2 IV 21/2 - 1 V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Webbing present, medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Rudimentary web</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">II 1 - 2 III 1-21/2 IV 21/2 - 1 V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">II 1 - 2 III 1 - 2 - IV 2 - 1 V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Rudimentary web</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
I 2 - 2 II 2 - 
<normalizedToken originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
III 2 - 3 IV 
<normalizedToken originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
- 2 V
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">
I2 - 2 II 
<normalizedToken originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
- 2 III 
<normalizedToken originalValue="1½">11/2</normalizedToken>
- 3 IV 
<normalizedToken originalValue="2¾">23/4</normalizedToken>
- 2 V
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Rudimentary web</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">1/3 webbing</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Rudimentary web</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">1/4 webbing</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">1/3 webbing</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Lateral dermal fringe</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Disc color</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Yellow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Not orange in life</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Greyish or orange</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Orange</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Orange</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Reddish or whitish</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Reddish, orange, or whitish</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">orange</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Inner metacarpal tubercle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Outer metacarpal tubercle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indistinct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Inner metatarsal tubercle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Outer metatarsal tubercle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Relative toe lengths</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">III ≈ V, or V&gt; III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I&lt;II&lt;III&lt;V&lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I&lt;II&lt;III&lt;V&lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I&lt;II&lt;V=III&lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I &lt;II &lt;V = III &lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I &lt;II ≤ V &lt;III &lt;IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">III ≈ V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">I &lt;II &lt;III = V &lt;IV</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Range</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Malipo, Yunnan, China and the north of Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Mengla, Yunnan, China</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Indochina Peninsula and peninsular Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Gongshan, Yunnan, China</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Menghai, Yunnan, China</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Lvchun, Yunnan, China</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Cangyuan, Yunnan, China</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Western Ghats, India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Northeastern Bangladesh</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Himalayas and northeastern India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Western Ghats, India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Western Ghats, India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Yunnan, China and Lai Chau,Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">India, North Myanmar, Tibet and Yunnan, China</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. menglaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="menglaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. menglaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 1) tubercles absent along the outer side of the forearm and foot; (2) head wider than long; (3) tympanum distinct (TD 1.1-1.6 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 11); (4) webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V); (5) lateral dermal fringe present (6) inner and outer metacarpal tubercle indistinct; (7) outer metatarsal tubercle absent; and (8) relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (vs. a series of tubercles along the outer side of the forearm and foot; head length and head width are approximately the same; tympanum indistinct; webbing formula (II 1 - 2 III 1 - 21/2 IV 21/2-1 V); lateral dermal fringe present; inner and outer metatarsal tubercle present; outer metatarsal tubercle present; relative toe lengths: III ≈ V, or V&gt; III).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. parvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) smaller female body size (females 18.3-19.3 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4); (2) interorbital distance larger than eye horizontal diameter; and (3) inner and outer metacarpal tubercle indistinct; (vs. female 23.6 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1; interorbital distance smaller than eye horizontal diameter; inner and outer metacarpal tubercle present).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. dulongensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="dulongensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. dulongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) head wider than long; (2) interorbital distance larger than eye horizontal diameter; (3) nuptial pad present; (4) yellow disc; and (5) inner and outer metacarpal tubercle indistinct (vs. head smaller than long; interorbital distance smaller than eye horizontal diameter; nuptial pad absent; greyish or orange disc; inner and outer metacarpal tubercle indistinct present).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. hillisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="hillisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. hillisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) larger female body size (females 18.3-19.3 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4); (2) head wider than long; (3) interorbital distance larger than eye horizontal diameter; (4) webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V); and (5) and relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (vs. female 17.5 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1; head longer than wider; interorbital distance smaller than eye horizontal diameter; webbing formula (II 1-2 III 1-21/2 IV 21/2-1 V); relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. huanglianshan" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="huanglianshan">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. huanglianshan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) smaller female body size (females18.3-19.3 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4); (2) lateral dermal fringe present; (3) yellow disc; (4) webbing formula (II 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V); and (5) relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (vs. female 21.5 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1; lateral dermal fringe absent; orange disc; fingers and toes lacking lateral dermal fringe; webbing formula (II 1-2 III 1 - 2 - IV 2 - 1 V); relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. cangyuanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="cangyuanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. cangyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) interorbital distance larger than eye horizontal diameter; (2) nuptial pad small and milky white; and (3) yellow discs (vs. interorbital distance smaller than eye horizontal diameter; reddish nuptial pad at the base of first finger; orange disc).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. ghatei" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="ghatei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. ghatei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) smaller body size (males 14.6-17.7 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 7; females18.3-19.3 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4); (2) tympanum distinct (TD 1.1-1.6 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 11); (3) nuptial pad present; (4) webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V); and (5) relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (vs. males 19.1-25.5 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 9; females 15.4-29.8 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 13; tympanum indistinct; nuptial pad absent; webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 
<normalizedToken originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
III 2- 3 IV 
<normalizedToken originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
- 2 V); relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V = III &lt;IV).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. rezakhani" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="rezakhani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. rezakhani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) smaller male body size (males 14.6-17.7 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 7); (2) interorbital distance larger than eye horizontal diameter; (3) tympanum distinct (TD 1.1-1.6 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 11); (4) nuptial pad present; (5) lateral dermal fringe present; (6) yellow disc; (7) inner and outer metacarpal tubercle indistinct; (8) inner metatarsal tubercle round; and (9) webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V) (vs. males 18.8-19.0 mm; interorbital distance smaller than eye horizontal diameter; tympanum indistinct; nuptial pad absent; lateral dermal fringe absent; reddish or whitish; inner and outer metacarpal tubercle absent; inner metatarsal tubercle absent; webbing formula (I2 - 2 II 
<normalizedToken originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
- 2 III 
<normalizedToken originalValue="1½">11/2</normalizedToken>
- 3 IV 
<normalizedToken originalValue="2¾">23/4</normalizedToken>
- 2 V).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. annandalii" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="annandalii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. annandalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) head wider than long; and (2) relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (vs. head longer than wide; relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V = III &lt;IV).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. bombayensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="bombayensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. bombayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) smaller body size (males 14.6-17.7 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 7; females 18.3-19.3 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 4); (2) tympanum distinct (TD 1.1-1.6 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 11); and (3) webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V) (vs. 30 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 1; tympanum indistinct; 1/3 webbing between toes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. tuberohumerus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="tuberohumerus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. tuberohumerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) tympanum distinct (TD 1.1-1.6 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 11); and (2) relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (vs. tympanum indistinct; relative toe lengths: I &lt;II ≤ V &lt;III &lt;IV).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. longchuanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="longchuanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. longchuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) smaller male body size (males 14.6-17.7 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 7); (2) webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V); and (3) yellow disc (vs. males 21.4-23.9 mm, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 5; 1/4 webbing between toes; reddish, orange, or whitish disc).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. andersoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">R. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) interorbital distance larger than eye horizontal diameter; (2) webbing formula (I 2 - 2 II 2 - 2 III 2 - 3 IV 3 - 2 V); (3) yellow disc; and (4) relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (vs. interorbital distance smaller than eye horizontal diameter; 1/3 webbing between toes; orange disc; relative toe lengths: I &lt;II &lt;III = V &lt;IV).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>