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<document id="8E57768088D3B3F9A3263B4863828C0B" ID-DOI="10.37828/em.2019.26.7" ID-ISSN="2336-9744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13355733" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84CD3DB1-0695-4E42-BC8F-699C25E94DBD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1720662278133" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Prasad, Priya, Tyagi, Kamoud, Caleb, John T. D. &amp; Kumar, Vikas" docDate="2019" docId="7F63A8546F2CFF8BFF74E22EFB4A01EF" docLanguage="en" docName="EcolMontenegrina.26.108-117.pdf" docOrigin="Ecologica Montenegrina 26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.26.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE.3:EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE" docStyleName="EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nihonhimea indicum Prasad &amp; Tyagi &amp; Caleb &amp; Kumar 2019, comb.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="835AD02C6F2BFF83FFE3E56DF9000337" masterDocTitle="A new species of the cob web spider genus Theridion from India (Araneae: Theridiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="108" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1724250467139" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="184CA99355B2AFFE380686B43D487349" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="925F109F0AF71CA98B4A9AD663C91D9A">
<mods:title id="25DD44D1C3B31C9DD1C0D9021DF3EC90">A new species of the cob web spider genus Theridion from India (Araneae: Theridiidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0C532F759B3D165DFF43CDB54359ABEC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C20DB5DCC1683FCEC30B500A987D13BA">
<mods:roleTerm id="CACCEAAC2F37A18B3A3D82425FA1AC39">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="85B6D8226223BA0B7C7C8C5B49D9BB4E">Prasad, Priya</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E21A181F13E04B6FFD4687F9DC7B5A16" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C51CDA2536577CAC6869BBFBE2B3AB46">Tyagi, Kamoud</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A0E56D6C05A8364FC4792BAA45D2F779" type="personal">
<mods:role id="64320B4F0E8A9640FBC0A9B7CD8BC5D9">
<mods:roleTerm id="D984F683B0F40E4AD5EEEB67EF94E5A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9072E04057721552D87B2B6E0A0CC07A">Caleb, John T. D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="247E50F1696AB71E8217C1DEDEB93F5A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="034C27FB5139E8C11F8A32827D05E6A8">
<mods:roleTerm id="D66487FB62AA80EF2F64D1746D7E6373">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="490723E9BC8884DFE1F87131E3A56AAE">Kumar, Vikas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="BEB3290B16563386A389087DB531D7A7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EA453BB44AAD07FE5531B15333AD74C7">
<mods:title id="45C7FA6DB9A12219C64BE11DA095CEE1">Ecologica Montenegrina</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1C3F87EB1D37BDD8D87A7FEC13438FAE">
<mods:date id="258FD277682F5A971699803007D3872F">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A6881F7A62A148549F3761D776016BBA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="54ECF9B925BC94879DD7F3D0C36B55CA">2019-12-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8AC25F9DECB8D12585EB95B8656083DD" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C3DA76949C346AF28798456825911330">26</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FEB04A26A9D2444DD3C7AB131D52FF4E">108</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="56501FAFBB8B953E123D0115F55DCE56">http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.26.7</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="0902A543B8D3BF00F2E0734D0431FAFC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4047742ACE2E06433251BF5B18D82D4C" type="DOI">10.37828/em.2019.26.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3ABCD44F4ECA6F96565DFF06F960BA6F" type="ISSN">2336-9744</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7F63A8546F2CFF8BFF74E22EFB4A01EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12717746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12717746" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F63A8546F2CFF8BFF74E22EFB4A01EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F63A8546F2CFF8BFF74E22EFB4A01EF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<subSubSection id="BFD04AC96F2CFF84FF74E22EFBCD046A" box="[151,717,1859,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F77519426F2CFF84FF74E22EFBCD046A" blockId="7.[151,717,1859,1919]" box="[151,717,1859,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<heading id="AC3DAE2E6F2CFF84FF74E22EFBCD046A" box="[151,717,1859,1885]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" reason="2">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F2CFF84FF74E22EFBCD046A" bold="true" box="[151,717,1859,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F2CFF84FF74E22EFB63046A" ID-CoL="7BVFB" authority="(Tikader, 1977)" authorityName="Prasad &amp; Tyagi &amp; Caleb &amp; Kumar" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Tikader" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[151,611,1859,1885]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Nihonhimea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F2CFF84FF74E22EF899046A" bold="true" box="[151,409,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Nihonhimea indicum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F2CFF84FE4AE22EFB5A046A" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[425,602,1859,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" pagination="153 - 212" refId="ref4399" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1977) Studies on spider fauna of Andaman and Nicobar islands, Indian Ocean. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 72, 153 - 212." type="journal article" year="1977">Tikader, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE8D782B6F2CFF84FD89E22EFBCD046A" box="[618,717,1859,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" rank="species">comb.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFD04AC96F2CFF84FF74E209F80E0448" box="[151,270,1892,1919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph id="F77519426F2CFF84FF74E209F80E0448" blockId="7.[151,717,1859,1919]" box="[151,270,1892,1919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<figureCitation id="6FF105C76F2CFF84FF74E209F8070448" box="[151,263,1892,1919]" captionStart="Figures 7–13" captionStartId="5.[151,236,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,200,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1435,189,1496]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 7–13. Nihonhimea indicum (Tikader, 1977) comb.n., type material (NZC-ZSI-5352/18). 7, female holotype, habitus, dorsal view. 8, same, ventral view. 9, same, lateral view. 10-11, epigyne, dorsal view. 12-13, vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars, 7-9, 1mm; 10-11, 0.2mm; 12-13, 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13355739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13355739/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Figs 7-13</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFD04AC96F2CFF84FF74E2CAFA750488" box="[151,885,1959,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F77519426F2CFF84FF74E2CAFA750488" blockId="7.[151,1433,1959,2013]" box="[151,885,1959,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D7DA3E6C6F2CFF84FF74E2CAFA750488" box="[151,885,1959,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<treatmentCitation id="766B3F536F2CFF84FF74E2CAFB1E0488" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[151,542,1959,1983]" page="168" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" year="1977">
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F2CFF84FF74E2CAFB1E0488" authority="Tikader, 1977: 168" authorityName="Tikader" authorityPageNumber="168" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,542,1959,1983]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F2CFF84FF74E2CAF84A0488" box="[151,330,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Theridion indica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F2CFF84FEB2E2CAFB1E0488" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[337,542,1959,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" pagination="153 - 212" refId="ref4399" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1977) Studies on spider fauna of Andaman and Nicobar islands, Indian Ocean. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 72, 153 - 212." type="journal article" year="1977">Tikader, 1977: 168</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, f. 5A-C (description of female)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFD04AC96F2CFF8BFF74E2A8FAAE0237" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F77519426F2CFF8BFF74E2A8FC7103E9" blockId="7.[151,1433,1959,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,195,728]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F2CFF84FF74E2A8FB3804EA" authority="Brignoli, 1983: 416" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityPageNumber="416" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,568,1989,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F2CFF84FF74E2A8F85D04EA" box="[151,349,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Theridion indicum</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="47A2131F6F2CFF84FE87E2A8FB3804EA" box="[356,568,1989,2013]" collectingDate="1970-04-13" country="India" location="Neil Island" municipality="South Andaman" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">Brignoli, 1983: 416</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F2CFF84FDA0E2A8FA1404EA" author="Sen, S. &amp; Dhali, D. C. &amp; Saha, S. &amp; Raychaudhuri, D." box="[579,788,1989,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 339" refId="ref4150" refString="Sen, S., Dhali, D. C., Saha, S. &amp; Raychaudhuri, D. (2015) Spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of Reserve Forests of Dooars: Gorumara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary and Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary. World Scientific News, 20, 1 - 339." type="journal article" year="2015">Sen et al., 2015: 85</bibRefCitation>
, figs 499-503, pl. 19 (description and illustration of female).
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFF74E5A9F88403E9" bold="true" box="[151,388,196,222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="2871A7E06F23FF8BFE77E5AEFB0103E9" box="[404,513,195,222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (5352/18),
<location id="F2154F996F23FF8BFD01E5AEFA6503E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F63A8546F2CFF8BFF74E22EFB4A01EF:F2154F996F23FF8BFD01E5AEFA6503E9" box="[738,869,195,222]" country="India" municipality="South Andaman" name="Neil Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Neil Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="171183386F23FF8BFC92E5AEFD2F03E9" box="[881,1071,195,222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">South Andaman</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="8FDD59D26F23FF8BFBDCE5AEFD7E03E9" box="[1087,1150,195,222]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="83743F826F23FF8BFB6AE5AEFC3103E9" box="[1161,1329,195,222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" value="1970-04-13">
<collectingDate id="9330C66A6F23FF8BFB6AE5AEFC3103E9" box="[1161,1329,195,222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" value="1970-04-13">13 April 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F77519426F23FF8BFF74E58BFAAE0237" blockId="8.[151,1437,195,728]" box="[151,942,229,256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">
<materialsCitation id="47A2131F6F23FF8BFF74E58BFAAA0237" box="[151,938,229,256]" collectingDate="1970-04-13" collectorName="B. K. Tikader." country="India" location="Neil Island" municipality="South Andaman" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectorName id="5A3F7C946F23FF8BFF74E58BF8390237" box="[151,313,229,256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">B.K. Tikader.</collectorName>
<typeStatus id="2871A7E06F23FF8BFEDCE58BF8B10237" box="[319,433,230,256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="E1CCD2CB6F23FF8BFE27E588F8FB0237" box="[452,507,229,256]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
) (5353/18), (same data as holotype)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFD04AC96F23FF8BFF16E46AFB4A01EF" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F77519426F23FF8BFF16E46AFB4A01EF" blockId="8.[151,1437,195,728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFF16E46AF86E0216" bold="true" box="[245,366,263,289]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFE61E46AFA210215" authority="Tikader, 1977" authorityName="Tikader" authorityYear="1977" box="[386,801,263,290]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFE61E46AFB690215" box="[386,617,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Theridion indicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F23FF8BFD92E46AFA210215" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[625,801,263,290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" pagination="153 - 212" refId="ref4399" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1977) Studies on spider fauna of Andaman and Nicobar islands, Indian Ocean. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 72, 153 - 212." type="journal article" year="1977">Tikader, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described based on
<specimenCount id="E1CCD2CB6F23FF8BFAE4E46AFC9B0215" box="[1287,1435,263,290]" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" type="female">four female</specimenCount>
specimens from South Andaman,
<collectingCountry id="8FDD59D26F23FF8BFDC4E444FB630273" box="[551,611,297,324]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F23FF8BFD90E444FA1B0273" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[627,795,297,324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" pagination="153 - 212" refId="ref4399" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1977) Studies on spider fauna of Andaman and Nicobar islands, Indian Ocean. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 72, 153 - 212." type="journal article" year="1977">Tikader, 1977</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequently reported from
<collectingRegion id="350ED7A06F23FF8BFB49E444FC410273" box="[1194,1345,297,324]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F23FF8BFAB2E444F80E0252" author="Sen, S. &amp; Dhali, D. C. &amp; Saha, S. &amp; Raychaudhuri, D." pageId="8" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 339" refId="ref4150" refString="Sen, S., Dhali, D. C., Saha, S. &amp; Raychaudhuri, D. (2015) Spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of Reserve Forests of Dooars: Gorumara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary and Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary. World Scientific News, 20, 1 - 339." type="journal article" year="2015">
Sen
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFA64E447F9AE0252" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F23FF8BFE52E427FA420252" author="Ganeshkumar, M. &amp; Siliwal, M." box="[433,834,330,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" pagination="2926 - 2928" refId="ref3626" refString="Ganeshkumar, M. &amp; Siliwal, M. (2007) First record of Achaearanea brookesiana Barrion &amp; Litsinger, 1995 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from mainland India. Zoo's Print Journal, 22, 2926 - 2928." type="journal article" year="2007">Ganeshkumar &amp; Siliwal (2007)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFC2BE427F80402B0" authority="Barrion &amp; Litsinger" authorityName="Barrion &amp; Litsinger" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Achaearanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brookesiana">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFC2BE427FC080252" box="[968,1288,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Achaearanea brookesiana</emphasis>
Barrion &amp; Litsinger
</taxonomicName>
, from mainland
<collectingCountry id="8FDD59D26F23FF8BFE24E401FB0202B0" box="[455,514,364,391]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
and mentioned that this species could be the synonym of
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFB56E400FC3602B0" authorityName="Tikader" authorityYear="1977" box="[1205,1334,364,391]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFB56E400FDC502B1" box="[1205,1221,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFB36E401FC3602B0" box="[1237,1334,364,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFAD5E401FC3A02B0" box="[1334,1338,364,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">,</emphasis>
without examining the type material. Later on,
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFD8EE4E2FA21029E" box="[621,801,398,425]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Achaearanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brookesiana">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFD8EE4E2FA21029E" box="[621,801,398,425]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">A. brookesiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was transfeered to the genus
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFB69E4E3FC28029E" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1946" box="[1162,1320,398,425]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFB69E4E3FC28029E" box="[1162,1320,398,425]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Parasteatoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on genitalia characters (
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F23FF8BFE69E4DDFB3502FC" author="Yoshida, H." box="[394,565,432,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref4469" refString="Yoshida, H. (2008) A revision of the genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta Arachnologica, 57, 37 - 40." type="journal article" year="2008">Yoshida 2008</bibRefCitation>
). We have studied the genitalia of the
<typeStatus id="2871A7E06F23FF8BFC1BE4DDFD5D02FD" box="[1016,1117,432,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female of
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFB3DE4DCFC5D02FC" authorityName="Tikader" authorityYear="1977" box="[1246,1373,432,459]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFB3DE4DCFC5D02FC" box="[1246,1373,432,459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">T. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from National Zoological Collections of Zoological Survey of
<collectingCountry id="8FDD59D26F23FF8BFCDDE4BCFA7D02DB" box="[830,893,465,492]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
, Kolkata. The epigynum have thick and short ducts, globular spermathecae and two openings on both sides of the depression (
<figureCitation id="6FF105C76F23FF8BFBA4E49EFDCB0139" box="[1095,1227,499,526]" captionStart="Figures 7–13" captionStartId="5.[151,236,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,200,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1435,189,1496]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 7–13. Nihonhimea indicum (Tikader, 1977) comb.n., type material (NZC-ZSI-5352/18). 7, female holotype, habitus, dorsal view. 8, same, ventral view. 9, same, lateral view. 10-11, epigyne, dorsal view. 12-13, vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars, 7-9, 1mm; 10-11, 0.2mm; 12-13, 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13355739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13355739/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Figs.12-13</figureCitation>
). The abdomen is having a median cardiac pattern with lateral light lines (
<figureCitation id="6FF105C76F23FF8BFCD6E778FA760107" box="[821,886,533,560]" captionStart="Figures 7–13" captionStartId="5.[151,236,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,200,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1435,189,1496]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 7–13. Nihonhimea indicum (Tikader, 1977) comb.n., type material (NZC-ZSI-5352/18). 7, female holotype, habitus, dorsal view. 8, same, ventral view. 9, same, lateral view. 10-11, epigyne, dorsal view. 12-13, vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars, 7-9, 1mm; 10-11, 0.2mm; 12-13, 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13355739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13355739/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Fig.7</figureCitation>
). These characters are showing the affinity of
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFF74E755F81A0166" authorityName="Tikader" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,282,566,593]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFF74E755F81A0166" box="[151,282,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">T. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
towards the genus
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFDF7E75BFBA40166" authorityName="Yoshida" authorityYear="2016" box="[532,676,566,593]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Nihonhimea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFDF7E75BFBA40166" box="[532,676,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Nihonhimea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further, based on descriptions and illustrations provided by
<bibRefCitation id="935B64B36F23FF8BFF74E735F8880144" author="Chrysanthus, P." box="[151,392,600,627]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" pagination="727 - 750" refId="ref3444" refString="Chrysanthus, P. (1963) Spiders from south New Guinea V. Nova Guinea, Zoology, 24, 727 - 750." type="journal article" year="1963">Chrysanthus (1963)</bibRefCitation>
, it is certain that
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFD93E734FBF50144" authorityName="Tikader" authorityYear="1977" box="[624,757,600,627]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFD93E734FBF50144" box="[624,757,600,627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">T. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFCE9E734FAC20144" box="[778,962,600,627]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Achaearanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brookesiana">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFCE9E734FAC20144" box="[778,962,600,627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">A. brookesiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be junior synonyms of the very variable and widespread species
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFDC8E717FD0601A2" authority="(L. Koch, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[555,1030,634,661]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Nihonhimea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundula">
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFDC8E717FA2F01A2" box="[555,815,634,661]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Nihonhimea mundula</emphasis>
(L. Koch, 1872)
</taxonomicName>
, which was already known from
<collectingCountry id="8FDD59D26F23FF8BFF74E7F1F9D70180" box="[151,215,668,695]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
. So, on the basis of external morphology and the structure of the genitalia, this species can be transferred to the genus
<emphasis id="C5BEC5506F23FF8BFE51E7D0FB4A01EF" box="[434,586,701,728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="30CA62C16F23FF8BFE51E7D0FB4601EF" authorityName="Yoshida" authorityYear="2016" box="[434,582,701,728]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Nihonhimea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nihonhimea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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