183 lines
17 KiB
XML
183 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.81957" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4617ba2a-ccd6-45fd-8a67-6b5159729a30" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-91-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="66F8C7AC80C15C91AEBA947B389D832B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6789878" ID-ZooBank="F201EAA7DD9943E4A4AAB0A544B325C7" ModsDocID="1314-2607-91-1" checkinTime="1656635070533" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simutnik, Serguei A., Perkovsky, Evgeny E. & Vasilenko, Dmitry V." docDate="2022" docId="7ED54CED131F58F8ABB195177CD60F77" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 91: 1-9" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91" docPubDate="2022-06-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.81957" docTitle="Protaphycus Simutnik 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A53F90E1-9ADE-4AA1-8C65-F80165FE0233" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="66F8C7AC80C15C91AEBA947B389D832B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="66F8C7AC80C15C91AEBA947B389D832B" masterDocTitle="Protaphycus shuvalikovi Simutnik gen. et sp. nov. (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae, Encyrtinae) from Rovno amber" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1678757816154" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Protaphycus shuvalikovi Simutnik gen. et sp. nov. (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae, Encyrtinae) from Rovno amber</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simutnik, Serguei A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-6216</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">simutnik@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perkovsky, Evgeny E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-4379</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vasilenko, Dmitry V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117647 Russia & Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, Vologda Region, 162600 Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>91</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>9</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.81957</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.81957</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-91-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F201EAA7DD9943E4A4AAB0A544B325C7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">66F8C7AC80C15C91AEBA947B389D832B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6789878</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="196373011" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A53F90E1-9ADE-4AA1-8C65-F80165FE0233" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7ED54CED131F58F8ABB195177CD60F77" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/A53F90E1-9ADE-4AA1-8C65-F80165FE0233" authority="Simutnik" authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Protaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protaphycus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Protaphycus Simutnik</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Protaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protaphycus shuvalikovi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shuvalikovi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protaphycus shuvalikovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Simutnik, sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species composition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species composition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species only.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The new genus, probably, most closely related to the extant genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphycus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aphycus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The genus name is a masculine noun.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female.</emphasis>
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It is the smallest of the described fossil members of the family, 0.6 mm length. Habitus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘encyrtiform’">'encyrtiform'</normalizedToken>
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, body compact, squat, not flattened; frontovertex subquadrate; notaular lines present anteriorly; F1-F3 almost ring-like; forewings 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad, linea calva also unusually wide, entire; filum spinosum and covering setae (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharkov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B10" refString="Sharkov, AV, 1985. Encyrtids (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) of the southern Far East of the USSR [dissertation]. Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.). Leningrad. [in Russian]" title="Encyrtids (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) of the southern Far East of the USSR [dissertation]. Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.). Leningrad. [in Russian]" year="1985">Sharkov 1985</bibRefCitation>
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) present; bare strip resembling a speculum runs alongside linea calva, basal to row of covering setae, below parastigma; parastigma distinctly swollen; marginal vein relatively long, longer than postmarginal, and about as long as stigmal vein; uncus well-developed; cerci located close to gastral apex; apex of hypopygium reaching way past apex of last gastral tergum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Protaphycus shuvalikovi gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, posteroventral (cl - clava, ms - mesotibial spur) B body, posteroventral (cers - cercal setae, sp - spiracle on the lateral plate of the Mt 8) C gaster, posteroventrolateral (c - cercus, hyp - hypopygium - black arrow indicates the apex of the hypopygium ventraly, syn - syntergum, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.81957.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706652" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
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: hyp, syn); ovipositor sheaths small, only slightly exserted, separated from hypopygium (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Protaphycus shuvalikovi gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, posteroventral (cl - clava, ms - mesotibial spur) B body, posteroventral (cers - cercal setae, sp - spiracle on the lateral plate of the Mt 8) C gaster, posteroventrolateral (c - cercus, hyp - hypopygium - black arrow indicates the apex of the hypopygium ventraly, syn - syntergum, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.81957.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706652" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
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: v3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Placement of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Protaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protaphycus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protaphycus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
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is supported by the presence of the filum spinosum of linea calva. The new genus somewhat resembles the extant genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphycus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aphycus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mayr, 1876 in having a similar structure of the antenna: the clava is large, the pedicel is long, the funicular segments are transverse; the mesoscutum has incomplete notaular lines; the linea calva is entire, with distinct covering setae; the parastigma is distinctly swollen. But it is distinguished by the long marginal vein; the linea calva is noticeably wider; the presence of bare area alongside linea calva, basal to row of the covering setae; the seta marking the apex of the postmarginal vein is no longer than others on the marginal and postmarginal veins; the relatively short mesobasitarsus; and by the subapical position of the cerci.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Unlike most extant representatives of the subfamily, the hypopygium in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Protaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protaphycus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protaphycus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not transverse, triangular and reaching way past apex of the syntergum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Protaphycus shuvalikovi gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, posteroventral (cl - clava, ms - mesotibial spur) B body, posteroventral (cers - cercal setae, sp - spiracle on the lateral plate of the Mt 8) C gaster, posteroventrolateral (c - cercus, hyp - hypopygium - black arrow indicates the apex of the hypopygium ventraly, syn - syntergum, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.81957.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706652" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
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: hyp). Similar structure of the hypopygium is known in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphycus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aphycus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ageniaspis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ageniaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ageniaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dahlbom, 1857, some species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copidosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Copidosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ratzeburg, 1844 and, possible, in a few other extant
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
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. But, the apex of the hypopygium in these genera really extend only the apex of this syntergum and does not extend past of it. This state is only found in one or two other unrelated genera, e.g.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Coccidoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccidoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coccidoctonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Crawford, 1912 (J. S. Noyes, pers. comm. 2022).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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From the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycoides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphycoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aphycoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mercet, 1921 it differs by the presence of the distinct notaular lines, F1 shorter than its length, and a very wide linea calva.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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From the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sugonyaev & Tryapitzyn" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Oriencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oriencyrtus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oriencyrtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sugonjaev & Trjapitzin, 1974 which has some characters in common with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Protaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protaphycus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protaphycus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and is definitely one of the most basal extant encyrtid genera (
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<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Metaphycus and related genera, parasitoids of scale insects (Coccoidea) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute vol. 73" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Noyes, JS, Hayat, M, 1994. Oriental mealybug parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Wallingford. Oxon: CAB International, [viii +] 554 pp." title="Oriental mealybug parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Wallingford. Oxon: CAB International, [viii +] 554 pp." year="1994">Noyes and Hayat 1994</bibRefCitation>
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; J. S. Noyes, pers. comm. 2022) it differs by the presence of the filum spinosum. In addition, the forewings of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Protaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protaphycus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protaphycus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad, this is unusually broad for encyrtids according to J. S. Noyes, pers. comm. 2022, and noted e.g. in the extant genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Noyes & Woolley" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Oesol" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oesol" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oesol</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Noyes & Woolley, 1994 (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770681" author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1327 - 1401" refId="B8" refString="Noyes, JS, Woolley, JB, 1994. North American encyrtid fauna (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): taxonomic changes and new taxa. Journal of Natural History 28: 1327 - 1401, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770681" title="North American encyrtid fauna (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): taxonomic changes and new taxa." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770681" volume="28" year="1994">Noyes and Woolley 1994</bibRefCitation>
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; P: 1333).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |