treatments-xml/data/7E/A6/D0/7EA6D00FF0F85F7291611DF3B2345AA6.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.32.6387" ID-PMC="PMC3881351" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-32-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="82118357FFF1FF9BFFE0FFA1FFD9966B" ID-PubMed="24399905" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576193" ModsDocID="1314-2003-32-37" checkinTime="1451251789005" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Diazgranados, Mauricio &amp; Sanchez, Luis Roberto" docDate="2013" docId="7EA6D00FF0F85F7291611DF3B2345AA6" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 32: 37-48" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 32" docPubDate="2013-12-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.32.6387" docTitle="Espeletiopsis diazii M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="82118357FFF1FF9BFFE0FFA1FFD9966B" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="82118357FFF1FF9BFFE0FFA1FFD9966B" masterDocTitle="A new species of Espeletiopsis (Millerieae, Asteraceae) from Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668141012041" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Espeletiopsis (Millerieae, Asteraceae) from Colombia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Diazgranados, Mauricio</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0448-5706</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Dept. of Botany, MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, United States</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.diazgranados@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Luis Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia y Quimica. Universidad de Pamplona. Pamplona, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-12-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>32</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>37</mods:start>
<mods:end>48</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.32.6387</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.32.6387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-32-37</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">82118357FFF1FF9BFFE0FFA1FFD9966B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576193</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182228841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7EA6D00FF0F85F7291611DF3B2345AA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EA6D00FF0F85F7291611DF3B2345AA6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName LSID="7EA6D00F-F0F8-5F72-9161-1DF3B2345AA6" authority="M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sánchez" authorityName="M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Espeletiopsis diazii" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="diazii" status="sp. nov.">
Espeletiopsis diazii M. Diazgranados &amp; L.R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="38">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Espeletiopsis diazii: A acaulescent (sessile) habit B whitish rosette from top C lateral view of capitulescence showing a dense glomerate cyme of capitula D capitulum of the holotype collection (M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez 3898) E paratype collection (M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez 3897) F holotype collection (M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez 3898) G capitulescence showing the alternate bracts along the scape." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10523" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution map showing collections for Espeletiopsis diazii (red circles), Espeletiopsis santanderensis (blue squares) and Espeletiopsis caldasii (green triangles). Photograph of the Paramo de Cachira, with a population of Espeletiopsis diazii." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10526" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">-4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
COLOMBIA, Norte de Santander, Municipio de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáchira">Cachira</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáchira">Cachira</normalizedToken>
o de Guerrero, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
Alto Chiquito (desde Villa Caro) a 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáchira">Cachira</normalizedToken>
, alto del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
, a los lados de la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
antes de comenzar el descenso a 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáchira">Cachira</normalizedToken>
, en comunidad de pajonal-frailejonal dominado por esta especie. Alt. 3394 m, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73.00173" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.00173">73.00173°W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.7655" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.7655">7.7655°N</geoCoordinate>
. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">M. Diazgranados</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
L.R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
3898
</emphasis>
(holotype: COL; isotypes: COL, HECASA and to be distributed). Paratypes: same locality, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">M. Diazgranados</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
L.R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
3897
</emphasis>
(COL, HECASA and to be distributed); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
L.R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
10113
</emphasis>
(HECASA!), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">12714</emphasis>
(HECASA!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
Sessile rosette of whitish appearance, related to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="santanderensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Espeletiopsis santanderensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with smaller leaves, capitulescence compact with a dense glomerate cyme of (1-)4-6(-7) capitula and short peduncles, and disc flowers with corolla lobes glabrescent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
Acaulescent (sessile) polycarpic rosette of whitish appearance, 40-50(-100) cm tall (including capitulescences), growing in grassland of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
proper. Excluding reproductive parts, rosette 20-30(-50) cm tall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
Leaves firm, coriaceous, erect; laminae linear or narrowly oblanceolate, apex acute, base without pseudopetiole, (15-)16-19(-21) cm 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(0.6-)0.65-0.7(-0.8) cm, length to width ratio 26:1; margins strongly revolute. Adaxial face with indumentum whitish or silvery-sericeous, hairs 1 mm long, very abundant in young leaves, becoming less dense and almost tomentose-velutinous in old leaves, giving them a greener appearance; costa prominent but secondary nerves invisible. Abaxial face with loose indumentum, silvery or whitish, with hairs up to 2 mm long; costa more prominent than from adaxial face, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="39" start="start">secondary</pageBreakToken>
nerves invisible. Leaf sheaths narrowly-oblong, (2.5-)2.7-3.1(-3.3) cm 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(0.5-)0.7-0.9(-1.1) cm; white adaxially, glabrescent in the proximal portion, with 10-15 anastomosing nerves; white abaxially, tomentose-velutinous, with hairs up to 0.9 mm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Capitulescences 2-5, corymbiform, more or less coetaneous, axillary, emerging from the upper nodes, twice longer than the leaves, (15-)25-45(-60) cm long; indumentum abundant, lanose-sericeous white towards the base, becoming lanose whitish-yellowish towards the distal portion. Scapes erect, firm, 5-6 mm in diameter; 5-10-bracteate basally, subcoriaceous, alternate, linear with acute apex and without pseudopetiole, up to 13 cm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 cm wide; 2-5 sterile bracts in the first 2/3 of the scape, alternate, linear, shorter, 5-6 cm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 cm wide. Capitula (1-)4-6(-7), arranged in a compact or dense glomerate cyme in the distal 3-4 cm of the capitulescence; peduncles terete, short, 1(-3) cm long or less; with indumentum lanose 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="40" start="start">whitish-yellowish</pageBreakToken>
, and portions of epidermis reddish. Fertile bracts linear or narrowly triangular, 2-2.5 cm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-0.5 cm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
Capitula radiate, subglobose, 2.0-3.0 cm in diameter (including ray flowers). Involucre 1.2-1.4 cm wide 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1.2 cm high; phyllaries in 2-3 series, oblanceolate or triangular, the outer phyllaries 10-12 mm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.0-5.0 mm wide (excluding hairs), the inner phyllaries 6.5-7.2 mm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.0-4.3 mm wide, with indumentum villous white and epidermis green, turning red when older.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
Ray flowers (30-)44-46 in 2(-3) series, yellow, 10.5-11.5 mm long (excluding ovary). Ligules 7.6-8.0 mm long, elliptical or oblong, tridentate; tube hirsute, small, 0.35-0.5 mm in diameter and 2.5-3.0 mm long, without linguiform appendages, yel 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="start">low</pageBreakToken>
becoming brown distally, the hairs 0.2-0.3(-0.7) mm long. Style 6.5-7.0 mm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.16-0.2 mm in diameter, with stigmatic branches 1.0-1.5 mm long, broadening in the distal portion, 0.25-0.28(-0.5) mm wide, papillose, papillae to 0.1 mm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
Discs 1.0-1.5 cm in diameter; disc flowers (72-)100-108; corolla 6.2-7 mm long (excluding anthers and fruit); corolla throat 4.4-4.6 mm long, 2-2.2 mm wide when open, 5-lobed, lobes 1-1.1 mm long, glabrescent or with a few hairs; tube 1.8-2.4 mm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.5 mm in diameter, glabrous, with a few hairs; anthers dark yellow, sometimes exceeding the corolla by 2 mm, slightly translucid, approximately 1 mm long and 0.3 mm wide; disc paleae 5.2-5.5 mm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0-1.1 mm wide, brownish, with 3 main nerves, glabrescent but becoming villous in the distal third.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
Cypselae oblong, triangular, 2.3-2.4 mm 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-1.6 mm, glabrous, black. Paleae 6.4-6.8 mm long, 1.8-2.0 mm wide, brownish, profusely villous. Pollen yellow when fresh, tricolporate, 20.56-21.08 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in equatorial diameter (not counting spines); spines 68-80 total, 14-16 equatorial spines, (2.8-)3.6-4.06 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, erect.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10523" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="diazii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Espeletiopsis diazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
acaulescent (sessile) habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
whitish rosette from top 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
lateral view of capitulescence showing a dense glomerate cyme of capitula 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">D</emphasis>
capitulum of the holotype collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">M. Diazgranados</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
L.R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
3898
</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">E</emphasis>
paratype collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
M. Diazgranados &amp; L.R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
3897
</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">F</emphasis>
holotype collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
M. Diazgranados &amp; L.R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
3898
</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
capitulescence showing the alternate bracts along the scape.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10524" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Illustrations of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="diazii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Espeletiopsis diazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
Ray corolla 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
disk flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
disc flower style 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">D</emphasis>
ray flower palea 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">E</emphasis>
disk flower palea 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">F</emphasis>
outer phyllary 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
inner (sterile) phyllary 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">H</emphasis>
transversal view of cypsela 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">I</emphasis>
dorsal view of cypsela.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10525" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="diazii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Espeletiopsis diazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
Fragment of anther with pollen grains 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
pollen grain 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
disc flower style with pollen grains 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">D</emphasis>
papillae of outer side of stigmatic branches, showing pollen grains.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
Endemic to Colombia. This species has been found only in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáchira">Cachira</normalizedToken>
(or 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de Guerrero), and in a smaller adjacent 
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
, called 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de los Ranchos, at elevations of 3300-3500 m (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution map showing collections for Espeletiopsis diazii (red circles), Espeletiopsis santanderensis (blue squares) and Espeletiopsis caldasii (green triangles). Photograph of the Paramo de Cachira, with a population of Espeletiopsis diazii." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10526" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The area of distribution is less than 75 km2.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10526" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map showing collections for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="diazii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Espeletiopsis diazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red circles), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="santanderensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Espeletiopsis santanderensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue squares) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cuatrec" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Cuatrec" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="caldasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Espeletiopsis caldasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(green triangles). Photograph of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáchira">Cachira</normalizedToken>
, with a population of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="diazii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Espeletiopsis diazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="42" start="start">Ecology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
A large population of several hundreds or thousands of individuals growing in the grasslands of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
proper was observed (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution map showing collections for Espeletiopsis diazii (red circles), Espeletiopsis santanderensis (blue squares) and Espeletiopsis caldasii (green triangles). Photograph of the Paramo de Cachira, with a population of Espeletiopsis diazii." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10526" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Other 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Espeletiinae">Espeletiinae</taxonomicName>
found in the area are: 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="brassicoidea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Espeletia brassicoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cuatrec., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="conglomerata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Espeletiopsis conglomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cuatrec. and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Libanothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="occultus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Libanothamnus occultus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">oroquensis</emphasis>
Cuatrec.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
The specific epithet of this new species, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“diazii”">&quot;diazii&quot;</normalizedToken>
, is dedicated to Santiago 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz-Piedrahita">Diaz-Piedrahita</normalizedToken>
, Colombian botanist, for his vast contributions to the knowledge of the 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Compositae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Compositae</taxonomicName>
of his country.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
The preservation of this species is linked to the preservation of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáchira">Cachira</normalizedToken>
and the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de Los Ranchos. These are both very small 
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramos">paramos</normalizedToken>
(70-80 km2 of total area), likely sensitive to climate and land use change, with substantial fragmentation, and without any legal measures of protection. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Diazgranados &amp; L. R. Sanchez" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="diazii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Espeletiopsis diazii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Critically Endangered</emphasis>
(CR, according to the IUCN criteria: extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100 km2, habitat fragmentation, and likely decline of the extent of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
; http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf), or 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Critically Imperiled</emphasis>
(G1, according to NatureServe; http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ranking.htm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>