789 lines
87 KiB
XML
789 lines
87 KiB
XML
<document id="52CB06D4A2BAF0A49BED13B134433EFE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171153" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459718880902" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Hara, James E." docDate="2005" docId="7E6C879C330E9452FE97FA5A27F5FCA4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00938.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 938" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Eumea caesar Aldrich 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="8255FFE4331B9445FF9FFF972675FFC2" masterDocTitle="A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698208646016" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C37E75F6AAB81A6F6A66E70795475575">A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="68DF302EC958786908E056575FE8F858">O’Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F45DCA8711CF8BD6989599F4D3774AA0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4A160D69DD1D82991EBAC2554E86DDFA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="57774DEBD9609AB37C4A84F00BF5E463">
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<mods:date id="73DDDEC62423498051AE565F6CACD396">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="255BD260738163CDAC4183F5C00C142D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="31EA917FD504D555064D2FE96ACBE3BB">938</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="39FBD773ECAD65602544D093EB97C352">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DCFBCB6FFF28AD42BA65AEA5A87A6428" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171153</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E6C879C330E9452FE97FA5A27F5FCA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265506" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265506" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E6C879C330E9452FE97FA5A27F5FCA4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6C879C330E9452FE97FA5A27F5FCA4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="BEDF6501330E9450FE97FA5A2583F992" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="F67A368A330E9450FE97FA5A24AEFA25" blockId="21.[264,731,1485,1511]" box="[264,731,1485,1511]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<heading id="AD3281E6330E9450FE97FA5A24AEFA25" bold="true" box="[264,731,1485,1511]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE97FA5A24AEFA25" bold="true" box="[264,731,1485,1511]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FE97FA5A240CFA25" ID-CoL="3CCWK" authority="Aldrich, 1916" authorityName="Aldrich" authorityYear="1916" box="[264,633,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Eumea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE97FA5A27C6FA25" bold="true" box="[264,435,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eumea caesar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FE5CFA5A2407FA25" author="Aldrich" box="[451,626,1485,1511]" pageId="21" pageNumber="39" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1916) Two new Canadian Diptera. Canadian Entomologist, 48, 20 - 22." type="journal article" year="1916">Aldrich, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EFE2A0F330E9450FD18FA5A24AEFA25" box="[647,731,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 42" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[293,1309,345,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,333,1823]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 42. Habitus images. 37. Actia diffidens. 38. Actia interrupta. 39. Ceromasia auricaudata. 40. Compsilura concinnata. 41. Cyzenis incrassata. 42. Eumea caesar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171160/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330E9450FE97F98F2583F992" blockId="21.[264,1323,1560,1904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE97F98F27CAF9F2" bold="true" box="[264,447,1560,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FE59F98F25FFF9F2" authority="Prentice 1955" authorityName="Prentice" authorityYear="1955" box="[454,906,1560,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conflictana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE59F98F2484F9F2" bold="true" box="[454,753,1560,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE59F98F249DF9F2" bold="true" box="[454,744,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Choristoneura conflictana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FD68F98E25FFF9F2" author="Prentice" box="[759,906,1561,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="44" refString="Prentice, R. M. (1955) The life history and some aspects of the ecology of the large aspen tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana (Wlkr.) (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist, 87, 461 - 473." type="journal article" year="1955">Prentice 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SK, MB); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FB8CF98E22D1F9F2" author="Arnaud" box="[1043,1188,1561,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FB53F98E270AF992" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FB53F98E270AF992" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SK, MB); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FD96F9AE24B3F992" author="Huber" box="[521,710,1593,1616]" pageId="21" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FDCAF9AE24FEF992" box="[597,651,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330E9450FD4BF9AE2547F992" box="[724,818,1593,1616]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330E9450FC0BF9AE259EF992" box="[916,1003,1593,1616]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEDF6501330E9453FE97F9CF235EFB31" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330E9450FE97F9CF24ACF972" blockId="21.[264,1323,1560,1904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE97F9CF2565F9B2" bold="true" box="[264,784,1624,1648]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FE4AF9CF2572F9B2" box="[469,775,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractivittana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE4AF9CF2572F9B2" bold="true" box="[469,775,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Choristoneura fractivittana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FCB9F9CE25CAF9B2" author="Wishart" box="[806,959,1625,1648]" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" refString="Wishart, G. (1945) Aplomya caesar (Aldrich), a tachinid parasite of the European corn borer. Canadian Entomologist, 77, 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1945">Wishart 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FC6FF9CE22D7F9B2" box="[1008,1186,1625,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FC6FF9CE22D7F9B2" box="[1008,1186,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FB46F9CE27AAF952" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FB46F9CE235EF9B2" box="[1241,1323,1625,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Archips</taxonomicName>
|
||
“practivittana”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330E9450FDACF9EE24E1F952" box="[563,660,1657,1680]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FD2FF9EE2534F952" author="Arnaud" box="[688,833,1657,1680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FCF7F9EE2261F952" box="[872,1044,1657,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FCF7F9EE2261F952" box="[872,1044,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330E9450FBF7F9EE22BCF952" box="[1128,1225,1657,1680]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FB79F9EE27DCF972" author="Huber" pageId="21" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FEA7F90E271BF972" box="[312,366,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330E9450FE28F90E2460F972" box="[439,533,1689,1712]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330E9450FDE8F90E24B8F972" box="[631,717,1689,1712]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330E9453FE97F92F27C7FE91" blockId="21.[264,1323,1560,1904]" lastBlockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE97F92F2576F912" bold="true" box="[264,771,1720,1744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FE4CF92F2576F912" authority="Wilkes & Anderson 1947" authorityName="Wilkes & Anderson" authorityYear="1947" box="[467,771,1720,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FE4CF92F248CF912" bold="true" box="[467,761,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FC92F92E2259F912" author="Wilkes" box="[781,1068,1721,1744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" refString="Wilkes, A. & Anderson, M. (1947) Notes on recovery of the introduced spruce budworm parasite, Phytodietus fumiferanae Rohw. in eastern Canada. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario [for] 1946, 77, 40 - 44." type="journal article" year="1947">Wilkes & Anderson 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FBC4F92E2375F912" box="[1115,1280,1721,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Zenillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FBC4F92E2375F912" box="[1115,1280,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Zenillia caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FEA7F94E2473F932" box="[312,518,1753,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FEA7F94E2473F932" box="[312,518,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ON, QC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FD16F94E2556F932" author="Daviault" box="[649,803,1753,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="41" refString="Daviault, L. (1950) Les parasites de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'epinette (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) dans la province de Quebec. Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants, 31, 41 - 45." type="journal article" year="1950">Daviault 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FCD2F94E2277F932" box="[845,1026,1753,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FCD2F94E2277F932" box="[845,1026,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomyia caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(QC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FBD0F94E2353F932" author="Dowden" box="[1103,1318,1753,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article" year="1951">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FB2EF94E2292F932" box="[1201,1255,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1951
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FEC7F96E2472F8D2" box="[344,519,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FEC7F96E2472F8D2" box="[344,519,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FDA6F96E257FF8D2" box="[569,778,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FDA6F96E257FF8D2" box="[569,778,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NY);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FCC3F96E223BF8D2" author="Jaynes" box="[860,1102,1785,1808]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" refString="Jaynes, H. A. & Drooz, A. T. (1952) The importance of parasites in the spruce budworm infestations in New York and Maine. Journal of Economic Entomology, 45, 1057 - 1061." type="journal article" year="1952">Jaynes & Drooz 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FBE4F96E235FF8D2" box="[1147,1322,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FBE4F96E235FF8D2" box="[1147,1322,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NY, ME);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FE2FF88E2427F8F2" author="Raizenne" box="[432,594,1817,1840]" pageId="21" pageNumber="44" refString="Raizenne, H. (1952) Forest Lepidoptera of southern Ontario and their parasites received and reared at the Ottawa Forest Insect Survey Laboratory from 1937 to 1948. Canada Department of Agriculture, Science Service, Division of Forest Biology, Ottawa, v + 277 pp." type="book" year="1952">Raizenne 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FDE5F88E253BF8F2" box="[634,846,1817,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Epimasicera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FDE5F88E253BF8F2" box="[634,846,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Epimasicera caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ON);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FC04F88E221AF8F2" author="Dowden" box="[923,1135,1817,1840]" pageId="21" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Jaynes, H. A. & Carolin, V. M. (1953) The role of birds in a spruce budworm outbreak in Maine. Journal of Economic Entomology, 46, 307 - 312." type="journal article" year="1953">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FC63F88E2247F8F2" box="[1020,1074,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1953
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FB08F88E272FF892" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FB08F88E272FF892" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ME);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FE32F8AE2445F892" author="Miller" box="[429,560,1849,1872]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" refString="Miller, C. A. (1955) A technique for assessing spruce budworm larval mortality caused by parasites. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 33, 5 - 17." type="journal article" year="1955">Miller 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FDC2F8AE2579F892" box="[605,780,1849,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FDC2F8AE2579F892" box="[605,780,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NB);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FCC2F8AE2216F892" author="McGugan" box="[861,1123,1849,1872]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" refString="McGugan, B. M. & Blais, J. R. (1959) Spruce budworm parasite studies in northwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 758 - 783." type="journal article" year="1959">McGugan & Blais 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(ON);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FB29F8AE235EF892" author="Blais" box="[1206,1323,1849,1872]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1960) Spruce budworm parasite investigations in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe regions of Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 92, 384 - 396." type="journal article" year="1960">Blais 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(QC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FE1FF8CE24D0F8B2" author="MacDonald" box="[384,677,1881,1904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" refString="MacDonald, D. R. & Webb, F. E. (1963) Insecticides and the spruce budworm. In: Morris, R. F. (Ed.), The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 31, 288 - 310 + figs. 39.1 - 39.6." type="journal article" year="1963">MacDonald & Webb 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330E9450FD4CF8CE25F7F8B2" box="[723,898,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330E9450FD4CF8CE25F7F8B2" box="[723,898,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NB); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FC40F8CE2217F8B2" author="Miller" box="[991,1122,1881,1904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" refString="Miller, C. A. (1963) Parasites and the spruce budworm. In: Morris, R. F. (Ed.), The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 31, 228 - 244 + figs. 34.1 - 34.7." type="journal article" year="1963">Miller 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(NB);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330E9450FB2BF8CE235FF8B2" author="Blais" box="[1204,1322,1881,1904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1965) Parasite studies in two residual spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem. )) outbreaks in Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 97, 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1965">Blais 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(QC); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FE18FE8B24F1FEF1" author="Tilles" box="[391,644,284,307]" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" refString="Tilles, D. A. & Woodley, N. E. (1984) Spruce budworm parasites in Maine: a reference manual for collection and identification of common species. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service, Agriculture Handbook, 616, 35 pp." type="book" year="1984">Tilles & Woodley 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD34FE8B2523FEF1" box="[683,854,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD34FE8B2523FEF1" box="[683,854,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ME);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC3BFE8B2217FEF1" author="Hebert" box="[932,1122,284,307]" pageId="22" pageNumber="42" refString="Hebert, C., Cloutier, C., Regniere, J. & Perry, D. F. (1989) Seasonal biology of Winthemia fumiferanae Toth. (Diptera: Tachinidae), a larval-pupal parasitoid of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 2384 - 2391." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Hébert
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC6CFE8B225DFEF1" box="[1011,1064,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(QC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB32FE8B2718FE91" author="Huber" pageId="22" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB69FE8B235EFEF1" box="[1270,1323,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(NB).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FECC24A7FDF1" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FECC2535FEB1" bold="true" box="[264,832,347,372]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE55FECB2498FEB6" box="[458,749,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE55FECB2498FEB6" bold="true" box="[458,749,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FCD7FECB237DFEB1" authority="Tothill 1913" authorityName="Tothill" authorityYear="1913" box="[840,1288,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FCD7FECB220EFEB1" bold="true" box="[840,1147,347,372]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FCD7FECB2207FEB6" bold="true" box="[840,1138,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB1DFECB237DFEB1" author="Tothill" box="[1154,1288,348,371]" pageId="22" pageNumber="46" refString="Tothill, J. D. (1913) Tachinidae and some Canadian hosts. Canadian Entomologist, 45, 69 - 75." type="journal article" year="1913">Tothill 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FEA7FEEB2466FE51" box="[312,531,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Exorista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FEA7FEEB2466FE51" box="[312,531,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Exorista nigripalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FDD6FEEB2566FE51" box="[585,787,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FDD6FEEB2566FE51" box="[585,787,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tortrix fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC, QC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC02FEEB225CFE51" author="Brown" box="[925,1065,380,403]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Brown, A. W. A. (1941) Foliage insects of spruce in Canada. Canada Department of Agriculture Publication, 712 (Technical Bulletin 31), 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1941">Brown 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBC5FEEB228AFE51" box="[1114,1279,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Zenillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBC5FEEB228AFE51" box="[1114,1279,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Zenillia caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FEA7FE0B24E7FE71" authority="(Canada)" baseAuthorityName="Canada" box="[312,658,412,435]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FEA7FE0B246AFE71" box="[312,543,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cacoecia fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FDAAFE0B24FEFE71" box="[565,651,412,435]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FD3BFE0B2547FE71" author="Sellers" box="[676,818,412,435]" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" refString="Sellers, W. F. (1943) The Nearctic species of parasitic flies belonging to Zenillia and allied genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 93 [= No. 3157], 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1943">Sellers 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FCF8FE0B226EFE71" box="[871,1051,412,435]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FCF8FE0B226EFE71" box="[871,1051,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBC9FE0B235FFE71" box="[1110,1322,412,435]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBC9FE0B235FFE71" box="[1110,1322,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FE19FE2B2792FE11" box="[390,487,444,467]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FD9BFE2B24ECFE11" author="Wishart" box="[516,665,444,467]" pageId="22" pageNumber="46" refString="Wishart, G. (1945) Aplomya caesar (Aldrich), a tachinid parasite of the European corn borer. Canadian Entomologist, 77, 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1945">Wishart 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD5EFE2B251BFE11" box="[705,878,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD5EFE2B251BFE11" box="[705,878,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC03FE2B221CFE11" box="[924,1129,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC03FE2B221CFE11" box="[924,1129,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FB21FE2B236AFE11" box="[1214,1311,444,467]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FEA7FE4B2463FE31" author="Dowden" box="[312,534,476,499]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE03FE4B27A0FE31" box="[412,469,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FDDBFE4B2486FE31" box="[580,755,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FDDBFE4B2486FE31" box="[580,755,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FCB9FE4B2582FE31" box="[806,1015,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FCB9FE4B2582FE31" box="[806,1015,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FBCEFE4B22C7FE31" box="[1105,1202,476,499]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB4DFE4B271AFDD1" author="Zwolfer" pageId="22" pageNumber="46" refString="Zwolfer, H. (1961) A comparative analysis of the parasite complexes of the European fir budworm, Choristoneura murinana (Hub.) and the North American spruce budworm, C. fumiferana (Clem.). Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin, 1, 162 pp." type="book" year="1961">Zwolfer 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE3EFE6B2441FDD1" box="[417,564,508,531]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE3EFE6B2441FDD1" box="[417,564,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FD17FE6B249CFDD1" box="[648,745,508,531]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC99FE6B25E0FDD1" author="Arnaud" box="[774,917,508,531]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC21FE6B221FFDD1" box="[958,1130,508,531]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC21FE6B221FFDD1" box="[958,1130,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FB08FE6B235FFDD1" box="[1175,1322,508,531]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB08FE6B235FFDD1" box="[1175,1322,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC, OR, ON, QC, NB, NF, NY, ME).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FDAC22AFFDB1" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FDAC270BFDB1" bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE52FDAB2487FD96" box="[461,754,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE52FDAB2487FD96" bold="true" box="[461,754,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC9DFDAB2258FD96" box="[770,1069,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC9DFDAB2258FD96" bold="true" box="[770,1069,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FB14FDAB2701FDB6" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB14FDAB2701FDB6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FE0FFDCB2471FDB1" author="Ross" box="[400,516,604,627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">Ross 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FDB3FDCB24ADFDB1" box="[556,728,604,627]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FDB3FDCB24ADFDB1" box="[556,728,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex. spruce and/or jack pine budworm (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FBE7FDCB22BBFDB1" box="[1144,1230,604,627]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FDEC2490FD71" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FDEC27B5FD51" bold="true" box="[264,448,635,659]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE58FDEB25D9FD51" authority="McKnight 1974" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1974" box="[455,940,635,660]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE58FDEB248CFD51" bold="true" box="[455,761,635,660]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE58FDEB249AFD56" bold="true" box="[455,751,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC9FFDEB25D9FD51" author="McKnight" box="[768,940,636,659]" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" refString="McKnight, M. E. (1974) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm in Colorado. Environmental Entomology, 3, 186 - 187." type="journal article" year="1974">McKnight 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC4BFDEB22F5FD51" box="[980,1152,636,659]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC4BFDEB22F5FD51" box="[980,1152,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CO);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB53FDEB27BBFD71" author="Harris" pageId="22" pageNumber="42" refString="Harris, J. W. E. & Dawson, A. F. (1979) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in British Columbia 1977 - 78. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 76, 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris & Dawson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE69FD0B24D7FD71" box="[502,674,668,691]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE69FD0B24D7FD71" box="[502,674,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FD2C2701FCF1" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FD2C2510FD11" bold="true" box="[264,869,699,724]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Host records probably ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FDABFD2B2510FD11" authority="Wilkes et al. 1949" authorityName="Wilkes et al." authorityYear="1949" box="[564,869,699,724]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FDABFD2B2529FD16" bold="true" box="[564,860,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC22FD2B2587FD11" box="[957,1010,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1949, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBC7FD2B2371FD11" box="[1112,1284,700,723]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBC7FD2B2371FD11" box="[1112,1284,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FEA7FD4B27A7FD31" box="[312,466,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FEA7FD4B27A7FD31" box="[312,466,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC); Coppel 1953, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD73FD4B25E7FD31" box="[748,914,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Zenillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD73FD4B25E7FD31" box="[748,914,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Zenillia caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC55FD4B2211FD31" box="[970,1124,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC55FD4B2211FD31" box="[970,1124,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB25FD4B27BCFCD1" author="Carolin" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE68FD6B24D3FCD1" box="[503,678,764,787]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE68FD6B24D3FCD1" box="[503,678,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD46FD6B2505FCD1" box="[729,880,764,787]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD46FD6B2505FCD1" box="[729,880,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC53FD6B2228FCD1" author="Coppel" box="[972,1117,764,787]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">Coppel 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FB0BFD6B235FFCD1" box="[1172,1322,764,787]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB0BFD6B235FFCD1" box="[1172,1322,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FCAC24FCFCB1" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FCAC220BFC91" bold="true" box="[264,1150,827,852]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE4AFCAB2577FC96" box="[469,770,828,852]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE4AFCAB2577FC96" bold="true" box="[469,770,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FCFAFCAB220BFC91" authority="Schaupp et al. 1991" authorityName="Schaupp et al." authorityYear="1991" box="[869,1150,827,852]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retiniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FCFAFCAB2200FC96" bold="true" box="[869,1141,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura retiniana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB16FCAB2705FCB1" author="Schaupp" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaupp, W. C. Jr., Volney, W. J. A. & Waters, W. E. (1991) Parasitoids of endemic and epidemic populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in southern Oregon. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1095 - 1102." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Schaupp
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB6FFCAB235EFC91" box="[1264,1323,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE07FCCB2431FCB1" box="[408,580,860,883]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE07FCCB2431FCB1" box="[408,580,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FCEC27EFFC31" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FCEC27B4FC51" bold="true" box="[264,449,891,915]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE56FCEB251FFC51" authority="Sellers 1943" authorityName="Sellers" authorityYear="1943" box="[457,874,891,916]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE56FCEB24AEFC51" bold="true" box="[457,731,891,916]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE56FCEB24A7FC56" bold="true" box="[457,722,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura parallela</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FD7CFCEB251FFC51" author="Sellers" box="[739,874,892,915]" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" refString="Sellers, W. F. (1943) The Nearctic species of parasitic flies belonging to Zenillia and allied genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 93 [= No. 3157], 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1943">Sellers 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC0BFCEB2234FC51" box="[916,1089,892,915]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC0BFCEB2234FC51" box="[916,1089,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBF0FCEB235EFC51" box="[1135,1323,892,915]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBF0FCEB235EFC51" box="[1135,1323,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archips parallela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FE17FC0B279CFC71" box="[392,489,924,947]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FD98FC0B24EBFC71" author="Wishart" box="[519,670,924,947]" pageId="22" pageNumber="46" refString="Wishart, G. (1945) Aplomya caesar (Aldrich), a tachinid parasite of the European corn borer. Canadian Entomologist, 77, 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1945">Wishart 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD55FC0B250DFC71" box="[714,888,924,947]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD55FC0B250DFC71" box="[714,888,924,947]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC35FC0B2213FC71" box="[938,1126,924,947]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC35FC0B2213FC71" box="[938,1126,924,947]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archips parallela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FB21FC0B236AFC71" box="[1214,1311,924,947]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FEDCFC2B27A2FC11" author="Arnaud" box="[323,471,956,979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD99FC2B24C3FC11" box="[518,694,956,979]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD99FC2B24C3FC11" box="[518,694,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FC8EFC2B2507FC11" box="[785,882,956,979]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC0DFC2B222CFC11" author="Huber" box="[914,1113,956,979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC7EFC2B226EFC11" box="[993,1051,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FBF5FC2B22BDFC11" box="[1130,1224,956,979]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FEA7FC4B27FBFC31" box="[312,398,988,1011]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FC6C2414FB51" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FC6C24C2FBD1" bold="true" box="[264,695,1019,1044]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE55FC6B24C2FBD1" authority="Drooz & Benjamin 1956" authorityName="Drooz & Benjamin" authorityYear="1956" box="[458,695,1019,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE55FC6B24DBFBD6" bold="true" box="[458,686,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FD21FC6B25B9FBD1" author="Drooz" box="[702,972,1020,1043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" refString="Drooz, A. T. & Benjamin, D. M. (1956) Parasites from two jack-pine budworm outbreaks on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 49, 412 - 413." type="journal article" year="1956">Drooz & Benjamin 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC69FC6B2353FBD1" authority="(Michigan)" baseAuthorityName="Michigan" box="[1014,1318,1020,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC69FC6B22D6FBD1" box="[1014,1187,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
(Michigan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FEA7FB8B2423FBF1" author="Kulman" box="[312,598,1052,1075]" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" refString="Kulman, H. M. & Hodson, A. C. (1961) Parasites of the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus, with special reference to parasitism at particular stand locations. Journal of Economic Entomology, 54, 221 - 224." type="journal article" year="1961">Kulman & Hodson 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD14FB8B25A4FBF1" authority="(Minnesota)" baseAuthorityName="Minnesota" box="[651,977,1052,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD14FB8B254AFBF1" box="[651,831,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
(Minnesota)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC7CFB8B2376FBF1" author="Dixon" box="[995,1283,1052,1075]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon & Benjamin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FEA7FBAB241AFB91" authority="(Wisconsin)" baseAuthorityName="Wisconsin" box="[312,623,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FEA7FBAB2791FB91" box="[312,484,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
(Wisconsin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FDE6FBAB2558FB91" author="Allen" box="[633,813,1084,1107]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Allen, D. C., Knight, F. B., Foltz, J. L. & Mattson, W. J. (1969) Influence of parasites on two populations of Choristoneura pinus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Michigan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62, 1469 - 1475." type="journal article" year="1969">
|
||
Allen
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD25FBAB2485FB91" box="[698,752,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1969
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FCCBFBAB22F5FB91" authority="(Michigan)" baseAuthorityName="Michigan" box="[852,1152,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FCCBFBAB2275FB91" box="[852,1024,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
(Michigan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB09FBAB2353FB91" author="Arnaud" box="[1174,1318,1084,1107]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FEC9FBCB2471FBB1" box="[342,516,1116,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FEC9FBCB2471FBB1" box="[342,516,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC10FBCB2265FBB1" author="Nealis" box="[911,1040,1116,1139]" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" refString="Nealis, V. G. (1991) Parasitism in sustained and collapsing populations of the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Ontario, 1985 - 1987. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1065 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1991">Nealis 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(ON); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FBF5FBCB235FFBB1" author="Huber" box="[1130,1322,1116,1139]" pageId="22" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB28FBCB229BFBB1" box="[1207,1262,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FEA0FBEB27E8FB51" box="[319,413,1148,1171]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FE60FBEB2420FB51" box="[511,597,1148,1171]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FB0C235EFB31" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FB0C2577FB71" bold="true" box="[264,770,1179,1204]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE44FB0B248DFB76" box="[475,760,1180,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE44FB0B248DFB76" bold="true" box="[475,760,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FC85FB0B25C3FB71" author="Wishart" box="[794,950,1180,1203]" pageId="22" pageNumber="46" refString="Wishart, G. (1945) Aplomya caesar (Aldrich), a tachinid parasite of the European corn borer. Canadian Entomologist, 77, 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1945">Wishart 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC74FB0B22EBFB71" box="[1003,1182,1180,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC74FB0B22EBFB71" box="[1003,1182,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FB46FB0B27D3FB11" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB46FB0B27D3FB11" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FD9CFB2B2411FB11" box="[515,612,1212,1235]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FDE4FB2B2555FB11" author="Raizenne" box="[635,800,1212,1235]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refString="Raizenne, H. (1952) Forest Lepidoptera of southern Ontario and their parasites received and reared at the Ottawa Forest Insect Survey Laboratory from 1937 to 1948. Canada Department of Agriculture, Science Service, Division of Forest Biology, Ottawa, v + 277 pp." type="book" year="1952">Raizenne 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FCCEFB2B225CFB11" box="[849,1065,1212,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Epimasicera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FCCEFB2B225CFB11" box="[849,1065,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Epimasicera caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBC0FB2B235EFB11" box="[1119,1323,1212,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBC0FB2B235EFB11" box="[1119,1323,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ON); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FE17FB4B246CFB31" author="Arnaud" box="[392,537,1244,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FDDFFB4B2499FB31" box="[576,748,1244,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FDDFFB4B2499FB31" box="[576,748,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ON); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FCDDFB4B258BFB31" author="Huber" box="[834,1022,1244,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC11FB4B25B6FB31" box="[910,963,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FB94FB4B221CFB31" box="[1035,1129,1244,1267]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FB56FB4B236AFB31" box="[1225,1311,1244,1267]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEDF6501330D9452FE97FAB227F5FCA4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9453FE97FAB22357F965" blockId="22.[264,1323,1317,1903]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FE97FAB227C5FAFC" ID-CoL="3CCWK" box="[264,432,1317,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Eumea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FE97FAB227C5FAFC" box="[264,432,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Eumea caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common tachinid found throughout temperate and boreal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FB06FAB22281FAFD" box="[1177,1268,1317,1343]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and south to California and Texas in the West and Virginia in the East (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB8BFADA236AFAA5" author="O'Hara" box="[1044,1311,1357,1383]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refString="O'Hara, J. E. & Wood, D. M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, 410 pp." type="book" year="2004">O’Hara & Wood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults are generally
|
||
<quantity id="313D9B6F330D9453FD9BFAE22428FA4D" box="[516,605,1397,1423]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8mm</quantity>
|
||
long and mostly black with a blackandgray banded abdomen. It was included in a key to the puparia of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBD7FA0A2286FA74" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[1096,1267,1437,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBD7FA0A2286FA74" box="[1096,1267,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FEFCFA5224AAFA1D" author="Ross" box="[355,735,1477,1503]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">
|
||
Ross (1952, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD88FA5224A0FA1C" box="[535,725,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD88FA5224A0FA1C" box="[535,725,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in a key to the adults of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FEB1FA7A2796F9C4" ID-CoL="5YCYL" box="[302,483,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FEB1FA7A2796F9C4" box="[302,483,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD80FA7A24B2F9C4" ID-CoL="5YD8Z" box="[543,711,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD80FA7A24B2F9C4" box="[543,711,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330D9453FCC0FA7A25A6F9C5" box="[863,979,1517,1543]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB95FA7A22CBF9C5" author="Coppel" box="[1034,1214,1517,1543]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">Coppel (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FB51FA7A2723F9ED" author="Wishart" pageId="22" pageNumber="46" refString="Wishart, G. (1945) Aplomya caesar (Aldrich), a tachinid parasite of the European corn borer. Canadian Entomologist, 77, 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1945">Wishart (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated the immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC0CF9822274F9EC" box="[915,1025,1557,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC0CF9822274F9EC" box="[915,1025,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBADF982229AF9EC" box="[1074,1263,1557,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBADF982229AF9EC" box="[1074,1263,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and provided a detailed account of larval development in the European corn borer (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FB56F9AA2787F9BD" ID-CoL="75D96" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Ostrinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubilalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB56F9AA271BF9BC" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ostrinia nubilalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hübner))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FE60F9F22535F9BD" author="Tilles" box="[511,832,1637,1663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" refString="Tilles, D. A. & Woodley, N. E. (1984) Spruce budworm parasites in Maine: a reference manual for collection and identification of common species. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service, Agriculture Handbook, 616, 35 pp." type="book" year="1984">Tilles and Woodley (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FC26F9F2225FF9BC" box="[953,1066,1637,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FC26F9F2225FF9BC" box="[953,1066,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBFFF9F22355F9BC" box="[1120,1312,1637,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBFFF9F22355F9BC" box="[1120,1312,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) among the five tachinids treated in their manual of spruce budworm parasitoids in Maine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330D9452FEA7F9222596FE6C" blockId="22.[264,1323,1317,1903]" lastBlockId="23.[264,1323,284,870]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FEA7F9222794F90C" ID-CoL="3CCWK" box="[312,481,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Eumea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FEA7F9222794F90C" box="[312,481,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Eumea caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FD03F922248CF90D" ID-CoL="9CJ9M" box="[668,761,1717,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Goniini">Goniini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and like other members of that tribe produces microtype eggs that are laid on foliage and ingested by the host (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330D9453FBD3F94A235FF934" ID-CoL="33SRQ" box="[1100,1322,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Cyzenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FBD3F94A235FF934" box="[1100,1322,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cyzenis incrassata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above for further information on goniine biology). It parasitizes fifth or sixth instar budworms, and the fully developed maggot emerges from the sixth instar or pupa and pupariates away from the host (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FDACF8C22557F8AD" author="Dowden" box="[563,802,1877,1903]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article" year="1951">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FD3FF8C224A9F8AC" box="[672,732,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1951
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FCB0F8C22238F8AD" author="Carolin" box="[815,1101,1877,1903]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330D9453FBC5F8C22353F8AD" author="Allen" box="[1114,1318,1877,1903]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Allen, D. C., Knight, F. B., Foltz, J. L. & Mattson, W. J. (1969) Influence of parasites on two populations of Choristoneura pinus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Michigan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62, 1469 - 1475." type="journal article" year="1969">
|
||
Allen
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330D9453FB3BF8C222AAF8AC" box="[1188,1247,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1969
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FE97FE8B2795FEF4" author="Hebert" box="[264,480,284,310]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" refString="Hebert, C., Cloutier, C., Regniere, J. & Perry, D. F. (1989) Seasonal biology of Winthemia fumiferanae Toth. (Diptera: Tachinidae), a larval-pupal parasitoid of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 2384 - 2391." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Hébert
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FEC0FE8B27EFFEF7" box="[351,410,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE6CFE8B24EFFEF7" ID-CoL="3CCWK" box="[499,666,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Eumea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE6CFE8B24EFFEF7" box="[499,666,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eumea caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more than one generation per year and occasionally two maggots emerge from a single
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FD32FED3252DFE9F" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[685,856,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FD32FED3252DFE9F" box="[685,856,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
host (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FC3DFED322E1FE9C" author="Dowden" box="[930,1172,324,350]" pageId="23" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article" year="1951">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FB8FFED32239FE9F" box="[1040,1100,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1951
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FB36FED327F4FE44" pageId="23" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FA8AFED32753FE47" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1951)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FDADFEFB24D0FE47" ID-CoL="3CCWK" box="[562,677,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Eumea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FDADFEFB24D0FE47" box="[562,677,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overwinters in an alternate host, whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FB2EFEFB27B3FE6C" author="Tilles" pageId="23" pageNumber="45" refString="Tilles, D. A. & Woodley, N. E. (1984) Spruce budworm parasites in Maine: a reference manual for collection and identification of common species. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service, Agriculture Handbook, 616, 35 pp." type="book" year="1984">Tilles and Woodley (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that it overwinters as a pupa in the soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FEA7FE2B27F5FCA4" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,870]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FEA7FE2B2791FE17" ID-CoL="3CCWK" box="[312,484,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Eumea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FEA7FE2B2791FE17" box="[312,484,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eumea caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from a number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FCF3FE2B2599FE14" ID-CoL="HBJ" box="[876,1004,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and six other families of Microlepidopera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FE44FE732513FE3F" author="Arnaud" box="[475,870,484,510]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">
|
||
Arnaud 1978, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FD37FE732513FE3F" box="[680,870,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FD37FE732513FE3F" box="[680,870,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Parasitism of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FBBCFE7322BBFE3F" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[1059,1230,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FBBCFE7322BBFE3F" box="[1059,1230,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in western North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330C9452FE40FD9B2431FDE4" box="[479,580,524,550]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
is reportedly low (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FCB1FD9B2220FDE4" author="Carolin" box="[814,1109,524,550]" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FBFAFD9B2353FDE4" author="McKnight" box="[1125,1318,524,550]" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" refString="McKnight, M. E. (1974) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm in Colorado. Environmental Entomology, 3, 186 - 187." type="journal article" year="1974">McKnight 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FE97FDA3246AFD8C" author="Harris" box="[264,543,564,590]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" refString="Harris, J. W. E. & Dawson, A. F. (1979) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in British Columbia 1977 - 78. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 76, 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris & Dawson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FDB3FDA3256CFD8C" author="Schaupp" box="[556,793,564,590]" pageId="23" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaupp, W. C. Jr., Volney, W. J. A. & Waters, W. E. (1991) Parasitoids of endemic and epidemic populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in southern Oregon. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1095 - 1102." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Schaupp
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FD06FDA324A0FD8F" box="[665,725,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FCC3FDA325B9FD8F" box="[860,972,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FCC3FDA325B9FD8F" box="[860,972,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FC60FDA322C8FD8F" box="[1023,1213,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Aplomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FC60FDA322C8FD8F" box="[1023,1213,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aplomya caesar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was not included by Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE6CFDCB245BFDB7" box="[499,558,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1949) in the top 15 hymenopterous and dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE97FD1327C2FD5F" ID-CoL="5YCYL" box="[264,439,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FD1327C2FD5F" box="[264,439,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE79FD1324FCFD5F" ID-CoL="5YD8Z" box="[486,649,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE79FD1324FCFD5F" box="[486,649,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330C9452FC92FD1325F1FD5C" box="[781,900,644,670]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Parasitism of budworms in the East is also usually low but there are several reports of rates in excess of 25% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FB1EFD3B2733FD2C" author="Dowden" pageId="23" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FB71FD3B235EFD07" box="[1262,1323,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FECBFD432429FD2C" author="Jaynes" box="[340,604,724,750]" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" refString="Jaynes, H. A. & Drooz, A. T. (1952) The importance of parasites in the spruce budworm infestations in New York and Maine. Journal of Economic Entomology, 45, 1057 - 1061." type="journal article" year="1952">Jaynes & Drooz 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FDF5FD43249BFD2C" author="Blais" box="[618,750,724,750]" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1965) Parasite studies in two residual spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem. )) outbreaks in Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 97, 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1965">Blais 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Parasitism of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FC37FD432279FD2F" ID-CoL="5YCYW" box="[936,1036,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FC37FD432279FD2F" box="[936,1036,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported as low by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FE97FD6B242CFCD4" author="Drooz" box="[264,601,764,790]" pageId="23" pageNumber="41" refString="Drooz, A. T. & Benjamin, D. M. (1956) Parasites from two jack-pine budworm outbreaks on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 49, 412 - 413." type="journal article" year="1956">Drooz and Benjamin (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in Michigan, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FCB3FD6B220BFCD4" author="Dixon" box="[812,1150,764,790]" pageId="23" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon and Benjamin (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in Wisconsin, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FEFDFCB32471FCFC" author="Nealis" box="[354,516,804,830]" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" refString="Nealis, V. G. (1991) Parasitism in sustained and collapsing populations of the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Ontario, 1985 - 1987. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1065 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1991">Nealis (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in Ontario, but as high as 13% in a study by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FBB5FCB3237FFCFC" box="[1066,1290,804,830]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="Allen, D. C., Knight, F. B., Foltz, J. L. & Mattson, W. J. (1969) Influence of parasites on two populations of Choristoneura pinus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Michigan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62, 1469 - 1475." type="journal article">
|
||
Allen
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FBE9FCB322C6FCFF" box="[1142,1203,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1969)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in Michigan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |