217 lines
25 KiB
XML
217 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="2211E44A73CB2147C1E36BECE588503C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171153" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459718880902" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Hara, James E." docDate="2005" docId="7E6C879C33089451FE97FB5924A5FC4C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00938.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 938" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Compsilura concinnata Meigen 1824" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="8255FFE4331B9445FF9FFF972675FFC2" masterDocTitle="A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698208646016" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="871BB1394CB18EC936362A7314BCF221">
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<mods:title id="FD70CD018E503E3D03C6D61CA5FC8C5A">A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AB064B6B00AD48DFC5CE01F9C4338D1">O’Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="63151DDA8680F02046179414A6940856">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ACFFB3B4E7BCF9D899E267D6CE037489">
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<mods:date id="94A7F7E2301AFE5826C0B5491ED82BB0">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00588C2E9D0B401EC2124F1663478084">938</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="62AAFE9F39F15077BBA11F75CCED5EE8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171153</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E6C879C33089451FE97FB5924A5FC4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265502" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E6C879C33089451FE97FB5924A5FC4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6C879C33089451FE97FB5924A5FC4C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="BEDF650133089456FE97FB592465FA69" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F67A368A33089456FE97FB59253DFB2A" blockId="19.[264,840,1230,1256]" box="[264,840,1230,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="AD3281E633089456FE97FB59253DFB2A" bold="true" box="[264,840,1230,1256]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE97FB59253DFB2A" bold="true" box="[264,840,1230,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FE97FB592493FB2A" ID-CoL="XHD9" authority="Meigen, 1824" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1824" box="[264,742,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Compsilura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnata">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE97FB592451FB2A" bold="true" box="[264,548,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Compsilura concinnata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33089456FDACFB5924AAFB2A" author="Meigen" box="[563,735,1230,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="43" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1824) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Hamm, Vol. 4, xii + 428 pp." type="book" year="1824">Meigen, 1824</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6EFE2A0F33089456FD6BFB59253DFB2A" box="[756,840,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 42" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[293,1309,345,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,333,1823]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 42. Habitus images. 37. Actia diffidens. 38. Actia interrupta. 39. Ceromasia auricaudata. 40. Compsilura concinnata. 41. Cyzenis incrassata. 42. Eumea caesar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171160/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F67A368A33089456FE97FA832465FA69" blockId="19.[264,1323,1300,1515]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE97FA832518FAEE" bold="true" box="[264,877,1300,1324]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Laboratory experiment ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FDDEFA832518FAEE" authority="Dowden et al. 1948" authorityName="Dowden et al." authorityYear="1948" box="[577,877,1300,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FDDEFA832511FAEE" bold="true" box="[577,868,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
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:
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33089456FCEBFA83223FFAE9" author="Dowden" box="[884,1098,1300,1323]" pageId="19" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
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Dowden
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FC4AFA832279FAE9" box="[981,1036,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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1948
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</bibRefCitation>
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, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FBE3FA832715FA89" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FBE3FA832715FA89" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(lab. experiment in northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33089456FD5DFAA32520FA89" box="[706,853,1332,1355]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">United States</collectingCountry>
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); †
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33089456FCEDFAA32276FA89" author="Arnaud" box="[882,1027,1332,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
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; †
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33089456FB86FAA322ACFA89" author="Huber" box="[1049,1241,1332,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Huber
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FBFAFAA322EEFA89" box="[1125,1179,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE97FAC3249CFAAE" bold="true" box="[264,745,1364,1388]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Host records ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FE57FAC3249CFAAE" authority="Wilkinson et al. 2004" authorityName="Wilkinson et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[456,745,1364,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE57FAC32495FAAE" bold="true" box="[456,736,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
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:
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33089456FD6FFAC325ADFAA9" author="Wilkinson" box="[752,984,1364,1387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="46" refString="Wilkinson, T. K., Landis, D. A. & Gut, L. J. (2004) Parasitism of obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in commercially managed Michigan apple orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97, 1524 - 1530." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Wilkinson
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FCF9FAC325E9FAA9" box="[870,924,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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(MI); four specimens from QC (examined), from unpublished data of N. Bostanian (Agriculture and AgriFood
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33089456FB31FAE32374FA49" box="[1198,1281,1396,1419]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Canada</collectingCountry>
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, St. JeansurRichelieu).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BEDF650133089456FE97FA2325A3F8B3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33089456FE97FA232701FA29" blockId="19.[264,1323,1300,1515]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE97FA232250FA0E" bold="true" box="[264,1061,1460,1484]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Host records ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FE4BFA23249AFA0E" box="[468,751,1460,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE4BFA23249AFA0E" bold="true" box="[468,751,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and/or
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FCCEFA232250FA0E" authority="Cossentine et al. 2004" authorityName="Cossentine et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[849,1061,1460,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Pandemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limitata">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FCCEFA232269FA0E" bold="true" box="[849,1052,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pandemis limitata</emphasis>
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:
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33089456FBAFFA23235FFA09" author="Cossentine" box="[1072,1322,1460,1483]" pageId="19" pageNumber="41" refString="Cossentine, J., Jensen, L., Deglow, E., Bennett, A., Goulet, H., Huber, J. & O'Hara, J. (2004) The parasitoid complex affecting Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata in organically managed apple orchards. BioControl, 49, 359 - 372." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Cossentine
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FB2FFA23229EFA09" box="[1200,1259,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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(BC).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F67A368A33089456FE97F98025A3F8B3" blockId="19.[264,1323,1559,1905]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FE97F9802468F9F2" box="[264,541,1559,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Compsilura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnata">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE97F9802468F9F2" box="[264,541,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Compsilura concinnata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a mostly gray tachinid with four conspicuous, black, longitudinal stripes on the thorax and a blackandgray banded abdomen. Adults are typically
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<quantity id="313D9B6F33089456FA92F9A82731F943" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7– 8mm</quantity>
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long but some individuals are as small as
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<quantity id="313D9B6F33089456FCD8F9F025F2F943" box="[839,903,1639,1665]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FC0CF9F022DCF942" box="[915,1193,1639,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Compsilura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnata">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FC0CF9F022DCF942" box="[915,1193,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Compsilura concinnata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was introduced repeatedly into North
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33089456FDC0F91824B1F96B" box="[607,708,1679,1705]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">America</collectingCountry>
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from Europe throughout the 1900s for control of a number of lepidopterous pests, most notably the gypsy moth (
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FC74F92022CDF912" box="[1003,1208,1719,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FC74F92022CDF912" box="[1003,1208,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.)) and browntail moth (
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FE45F9482483F93A" box="[474,758,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Euproctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysorrhoea">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FE45F9482483F93A" box="[474,758,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Euproctis chrysorrhoea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.)). It became established and is presently recorded from most of southern
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33089456FD0EF890249CF8E3" box="[657,745,1799,1825]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Canada</collectingCountry>
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and the northeastern and western
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33089456FB14F890235FF8E3" box="[1163,1322,1799,1825]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">United States</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33089456FE8FF8B82455F88B" author="O'Hara" box="[272,544,1839,1865]" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" refString="O'Hara, J. E. & Wood, D. M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, 410 pp." type="book" year="2004">O’Hara & Wood 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Because
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933089456FD01F8B82536F88A" box="[670,835,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Compsilura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnata">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833089456FD01F8B82536F88A" box="[670,835,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. concinnata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is continuing to expand its range, it may well be more widely distributed than current records suggest.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BEDF6501330F9451FEA7FE8B24A5FC4C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330F9451FEA7FE8B2297FD5C" blockId="20.[264,1323,284,910]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FEA7FE8B243BFEF7" ID-CoL="XHD9" box="[312,590,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Compsilura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FEA7FE8B243BFEF7" box="[312,590,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Compsilura concinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an extremely polyphagous parasitoid that has been reared from nearly 200 species of
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||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FDFCFED32481FE9C" ID-CoL="LP" box="[611,756,324,350]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FC9BFED3224BFE9C" ID-CoL="HYM" authority="Symphyta" authorityName="Symphyta" box="[772,1086,324,350]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera (Symphyta)</taxonomicName>
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||
, and Coleoptera in North
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330F9451FECCFEFB27CDFE44" box="[339,440,364,390]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FE58FEFB2413FE44" author="Arnaud" box="[455,614,364,390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FDEDFEFB2514FE44" author="Boettner" box="[626,865,364,390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="40" refString="Boettner, G. H., Elkinton, J. S. & Boettner, C. J. (2000) Effects of a biological control introduction on three nontarget native species of saturniid moths. Conservation Biology, 14, 1798 - 1806." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Boettner
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FD40FEFB256FFE47" box="[735,794,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females have a long piercing ovipositor that is used to inject thinshelled eggs into the body of a host. The eggs hatch immediately and the first instars migrate to the midgut, where they develop within the narrow space between the peritrophic membrane and midgut wall (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FC29FE7322C4FE3C" author="Ichiki" box="[950,1201,484,510]" pageId="20" pageNumber="42" refString="Ichiki, R. & Shima, H. (2003) Immature life of Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96, 161 - 167." type="journal article" year="2003">Ichiki & Shima 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species has two or more generations per year, often alternating hosts throughout the season, and can develop gregariously in larger hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FCA8FDA325A4FD8C" author="Culver" box="[823,977,564,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="41" refString="Culver, J. J. (1919) A study of Compsilura concinnata, an imported tachinid parasite of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Bulletin, 766, 1 - 27 + 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1919">Culver 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FC7EFDA32356FD8C" author="Webber" box="[993,1315,564,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="46" refString="Webber, R. T. & Schaffner, J. V., Jr. (1926) Host relations of Compsilura concinnata Meigen, an important tachinid parasite of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. United States Department of Agriculture, Department Bulletin, 1363, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1926">Webber & Schaffner 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FE97FDCB2425FDB4" author="Schaffner" box="[264,592,604,630]" pageId="20" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaffner, J. V., Jr. & Griswold, C. L. (1934) Macrolepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern part of the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 188, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1934">Schaffner & Griswold 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The maggot overwinters within the host prepupa or pupa and emerges in the spring to pupariate nearby (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FD64FD1325E7FD5C" author="Culver" box="[763,914,644,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="41" refString="Culver, J. J. (1919) A study of Compsilura concinnata, an imported tachinid parasite of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Bulletin, 766, 1 - 27 + 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1919">Culver 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FC01FD1322A3FD5C" author="Webber" box="[926,1238,644,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="46" refString="Webber, R. T. & Schaffner, J. V., Jr. (1926) Host relations of Compsilura concinnata Meigen, an important tachinid parasite of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. United States Department of Agriculture, Department Bulletin, 1363, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1926">Webber & Schaffner 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330F9451FEA7FD3B24A5FC4C" blockId="20.[264,1323,284,910]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FEA7FD3B2438FD07" ID-CoL="XHD9" box="[312,589,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Compsilura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FEA7FD3B2438FD07" box="[312,589,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Compsilura concinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded only recently from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FB83FD3B22CCFD07" ID-CoL="5YCZ9" box="[1052,1209,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FB83FD3B22CCFD07" box="[1052,1209,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see host records above) but readily parasitizes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FD5DFD432511FD2F" box="[706,868,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FD5DFD432511FD2F" box="[706,868,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the laboratory (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330F9451FBA5FD432357FD2C" author="Dowden" box="[1082,1314,724,750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FB3AFD432295FD2F" box="[1189,1248,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and hence has the potential to be a significant budworm parasitoid. It is the most polyphagous tachinid known and its parasitism of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FC9CFCB325DBFCFF" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[771,942,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FC9CFCB325DBFCFF" box="[771,942,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species will likely occur whenever suitable opportunities arise. Parasitism of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FCB4FCDB25A3FCA7" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[811,982,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FCB4FCDB25A3FCA7" box="[811,982,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae can occur only during a summer generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330F9451FDBAFCE324BCFC4F" ID-CoL="XHD9" box="[549,713,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Compsilura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330F9451FDBAFCE324BCFC4F" box="[549,713,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. concinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |