591 lines
67 KiB
XML
591 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="1B16283E11DAFB210708B7DE2692CA6E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171153" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459718880902" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Hara, James E." docDate="2005" docId="7E6C879C3306945BFE97FDA32408FB0C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00938.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 938" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nemorilla pyste Walker 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="8255FFE4331B9445FF9FFF972675FFC2" masterDocTitle="A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698208646016" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FDF0ED70EE79809562AF09998EB24C4B">
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<mods:title id="43A15244545312C7AF456B9A89B67489">A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A087CE671A27315A20F7E298CACA4272" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4708A3C2E2BFA991263D2341F997FD0F">O’Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7750842F790A0A8809764F8D860B9112">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7261A6C705C35C78A6D7A8F30634B592">
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<mods:title id="2DEC2FF9F467FF479B2FBD45E95860D4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C7A1645B900B520E5317F1DA949A69AE">
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<mods:date id="8CB35BA16DE29024A020B9E13A9F4BD3">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="562A118CDCF254E1DBDB4A50FB9A8C51" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C50395D441BEBF461B34E6F2BBEC999D">938</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="62AE977211C58621ABFE6171D1524023">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7FA806ABF2D0B4525ECDC8750C1D89E3">46</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="7EF3A3BA49D26C27C37E59D4EBF4AF65">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BD7F4CD507022F6E425431959F52DE3D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="09D91AD5C2330B3EF655FAB17106CE2D" type="GBIF-Dataset">33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5FE30423F878DB9B8C947F67AA85D063" type="Zenodo-Dep">171153</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E6C879C3306945BFE97FDA32408FB0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265518" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265518" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E6C879C3306945BFE97FDA32408FB0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6C879C3306945BFE97FDA32408FB0C" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="BEDF650133069458FE97FDA32502FCF4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FDA32492FD8F" blockId="29.[264,743,563,590]" box="[264,743,563,590]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
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<heading id="AD3281E633069458FE97FDA32492FD8F" bold="true" box="[264,743,563,590]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FDA32492FD8F" bold="true" box="[264,743,563,590]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE97FDA324F0FD8F" ID-CoL="4695W" authority="Walker, 1849" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[264,645,563,590]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FDA327B0FD8C" bold="true" box="[264,453,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla pyste</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FE4AFDA42408FD8F" author="Walker" box="[469,637,563,589]" pageId="29" pageNumber="46" refString="Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. London, Vol. 4, pp. 689 - 1172." type="journal article" year="1849">Walker, 1849</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6EFE2A0F33069458FD0CFDA42492FD8F" box="[659,743,563,589]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 48. 43" captionStartId="32.[264,382,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[294,1308,329,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,315,1778]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 48. 43. Habitus images. Hemisturmia parva. 44. Hyphantrophaga virilis. 45. Lypha fumipennis. 46. Madremyia saundersii. 47. Nemorilla pyste. 48. Nilea erecta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171161/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FDE82502FCF4" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FDE827CAFD55" bold="true" box="[264,447,639,663]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Host records ex.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE5AFDE82509FD54" authority="Tothill 1913" authorityName="Tothill" authorityYear="1913" box="[453,892,639,663]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE5AFDE82484FD55" bold="true" box="[453,753,639,663]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE5AFDE8249DFD55" bold="true" box="[453,744,639,663]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FD68FDE82509FD54" author="Tothill" box="[759,892,639,662]" pageId="29" pageNumber="46" refString="Tothill, J. D. (1913) Tachinidae and some Canadian hosts. Canadian Entomologist, 45, 69 - 75." type="journal article" year="1913">Tothill 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FC3CFD17224FFD55" box="[931,1082,640,663]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Exorista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC3CFD17224FFD55" box="[931,1082,640,663]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Exorista pyste</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FBF9FD17235EFD55" box="[1126,1323,640,663]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FBF9FD17235EFD55" box="[1126,1323,640,663]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tortrix fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(QC);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FEE3FD082443FD74" author="Richmond" box="[380,566,671,694]" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="Richmond, H. A. (1941 b) [Untitled.] Canadian Insect Pest Review, 19, 209." type="journal article" year="1941" yearSuffix="b">Richmond 1941b</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDC2FD3724BCFD75" box="[605,713,672,695]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDC2FD3724BCFD75" box="[605,713,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FD72FD372507FD75" box="[749,882,672,695]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FD72FD372507FD75" box="[749,882,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N. maculosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FC38FD3722F2FD75" box="[935,1159,672,695]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC38FD3722F2FD75" box="[935,1159,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cacoecia fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on spruce (SK, MB, ON);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FE32FD28243DFD14" author="Daviault" box="[429,584,703,726]" pageId="29" pageNumber="41" refString="Daviault, L. (1946) Forest entomology. Report of the Minister of Lands and Forests of the province of Quebec for the year ending March 31 st, 1945, 113 - 122." type="journal article" year="1946">Daviault 1946</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDEEFD57253FFD15" box="[625,842,704,727]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDEEFD57253FFD15" box="[625,842,704,727]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla maculosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FCE6FD572232FD15" box="[889,1095,704,727]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FCE6FD572232FD15" box="[889,1095,704,727]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(QC);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FB0CFD282705FD34" author="Dowden" pageId="29" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article" year="1951">
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||
Dowden
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||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FB6BFD57235EFD15" box="[1268,1323,704,727]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1951
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
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||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE03FD772428FD35" box="[412,605,736,759]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE03FD772428FD35" box="[412,605,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla floralis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FD10FD77252AFD35" box="[655,863,736,759]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FD10FD77252AFD35" box="[655,863,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(NY);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FC2FFD482224FD34" author="Raizenne" box="[944,1105,735,758]" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="Raizenne, H. (1952) Forest Lepidoptera of southern Ontario and their parasites received and reared at the Ottawa Forest Insect Survey Laboratory from 1937 to 1948. Canada Department of Agriculture, Science Service, Division of Forest Biology, Ottawa, v + 277 pp." type="book" year="1952">Raizenne 1952</bibRefCitation>
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(ON);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FB3DFD4827DAFCD4" author="McGugan" pageId="29" pageNumber="43" refString="McGugan, B. M. & Blais, J. R. (1959) Spruce budworm parasite studies in northwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 758 - 783." type="journal article" year="1959">McGugan & Blais 1959</bibRefCitation>
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(ON);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FD9AFD6824DAFCD4" author="Schaffner" box="[517,687,767,790]" pageId="29" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaffner, J. V., Jr. (1959) Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 767, iv + 97 pp." type="book" year="1959">Schaffner 1959</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FD40FC9725D6FCD5" box="[735,931,768,791]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FD40FC9725D6FCD5" box="[735,931,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla floralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FBD9FD6822A8FCD4" box="[1094,1245,767,790]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FB6BFD682718FCF4" author="Blais" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1960) Spruce budworm parasite investigations in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe regions of Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 92, 384 - 396." type="journal article" year="1960">Blais 1960</bibRefCitation>
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||
(QC);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FE26FC88245EFCF4" author="Blais" box="[441,555,799,822]" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1965) Parasite studies in two residual spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem. )) outbreaks in Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 97, 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1965">Blais 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(QC);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FDE8FC882544FCF4" author="Huber" box="[631,817,799,823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FD5EFCB72483FCF5" box="[705,758,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(NB).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEDF650133069458FE97FCA8249BF994" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FCA8271AFC14" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FCA8254AFC95" bold="true" box="[264,831,831,855]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE56FCA82498FC95" box="[457,749,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE56FCA82498FC95" bold="true" box="[457,749,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FCD8FCA8237DFC94" authority="Brown 1941" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1941" box="[839,1288,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FCD8FCA8220FFC95" bold="true" box="[839,1146,831,855]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FCD8FCA8221AFC95" bold="true" box="[839,1135,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FB1EFCA8237DFC94" author="Brown" box="[1153,1288,831,854]" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" refString="Brown, A. W. A. (1941) Foliage insects of spruce in Canada. Canada Department of Agriculture Publication, 712 (Technical Bulletin 31), 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1941">Brown 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FEA7FCF72461FCB5" box="[312,532,864,887]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FEA7FCF72461FCB5" box="[312,532,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla maculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDD8FCF725ECFCB4" authority="(Canada)" baseAuthorityName="Canada" box="[583,921,863,887]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDD8FCF7255FFCB5" box="[583,810,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cacoecia fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FCA4FCC825E4FCB4" box="[827,913,863,886]" name="Canada" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FC2EFCC822E4FCB4" author="Dowden" box="[945,1169,863,887]" pageId="29" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FB88FCF72225FCB5" box="[1047,1104,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FB21FCF727F0FC55" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FB21FCF727F0FC55" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla floralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE2DFC17240AFC55" box="[434,639,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE2DFC17240AFC55" box="[434,639,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FD4CFCE82541FC54" box="[723,820,895,918]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FCCFFCE82590FC54" author="Zwolfer" box="[848,997,895,918]" pageId="29" pageNumber="46" refString="Zwolfer, H. (1961) A comparative analysis of the parasite complexes of the European fir budworm, Choristoneura murinana (Hub.) and the North American spruce budworm, C. fumiferana (Clem.). Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin, 1, 162 pp." type="book" year="1961">Zwolfer 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FB92FC172290FC55" box="[1037,1253,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FB92FC172290FC55" box="[1037,1253,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla maculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FA8DFC1727D8FC75" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FA8DFC1727D8FC75" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FD99FC082412FC74" box="[518,615,927,950]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FD19FC08256CFC74" author="Arnaud" box="[646,793,927,950]" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FCD1FC372590FC75" box="[846,997,928,951]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FCD1FC372590FC75" box="[846,997,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC, OR, SK, MB, ON, QC, NY).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FC48227FFBD4" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FC48270BFBD5" bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE52FC482487FC35" box="[461,754,991,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE52FC482487FC35" bold="true" box="[461,754,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FC9DFC482258FC35" box="[770,1069,991,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC9DFC482258FC35" bold="true" box="[770,1069,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FB14FC482701FBD5" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FB14FC482701FBD5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FE0FFC682471FBD4" author="Ross" box="[400,516,1023,1046]" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">Ross 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex. spruce and/or jack pine budworm (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FC37FC68258BFBD4" box="[936,1022,1023,1046]" name="Canada" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FB882598FBF4" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" box="[264,1005,1055,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FB8827B5FBF5" bold="true" box="[264,448,1055,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE58FB8825DDFBF4" authority="McKnight 1974" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1974" box="[455,936,1055,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE58FB88248DFBF5" bold="true" box="[455,760,1055,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE58FB88249BFBF5" bold="true" box="[455,750,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FD60FB8825DDFBF4" author="McKnight" box="[767,936,1055,1078]" pageId="29" pageNumber="43" refString="McKnight, M. E. (1974) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm in Colorado. Environmental Entomology, 3, 186 - 187." type="journal article" year="1974">McKnight 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FBA824ACFB74" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FBA82442FB95" bold="true" box="[264,567,1087,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Host records probably ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDDDFBA8227AFB94" authority="Bedard 1938" authorityName="Bedard" authorityYear="1938" box="[578,1039,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDDDFBA82502FB95" bold="true" box="[578,887,1087,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDDDFBA82518FB95" bold="true" box="[578,877,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FC1EFBA8227AFB94" author="Bedard" box="[897,1039,1087,1110]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Bedard, W. D. (1938) An annotated list of the insect fauna of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata rafinesque) in the northern Rocky Mountain region. Canadian Entomologist, 70, 188 - 197." type="journal article" year="1938">Bedard 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FBA2FBD72375FB95" box="[1085,1280,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FBA2FBD72375FB95" box="[1085,1280,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla floralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FEA7FBF7246CFBB5" box="[312,537,1120,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FEA7FBF7246CFBB5" box="[312,537,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cacoecia fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Douglas fir (“northern Rocky Mountain region”); Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FB2EFBF72292FBB5" box="[1201,1255,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1949, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FEC0FB172786FB55" box="[351,499,1152,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FEC0FB172786FB55" box="[351,499,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FDA2FBE82548FB54" author="Carolin" box="[573,829,1151,1174]" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FCFAFB172251FB55" box="[869,1060,1152,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FCFAFB172251FB55" box="[869,1060,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla floralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FBCDFB172293FB55" box="[1106,1254,1152,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FBCDFB172293FB55" box="[1106,1254,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FEDCFB0827A4FB74" author="Coppel" box="[323,465,1183,1206]" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">Coppel 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FD9DFB3724E3FB75" box="[514,662,1184,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FD9DFB3724E3FB75" box="[514,662,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FB2822DDFB34" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FB2827B4FB15" bold="true" box="[264,449,1215,1239]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE57FB28250FFB14" authority="Franklin 1943" authorityName="Franklin" authorityYear="1943" box="[456,890,1215,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE57FB2824AFFB15" bold="true" box="[456,730,1215,1239]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE57FB2824A4FB15" bold="true" box="[456,721,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura parallela</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FD7EFB28250FFB14" author="Franklin" box="[737,890,1215,1238]" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1943) Injurious and beneficial insects affecting the cranberry. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 398, 26 - 28." type="journal article" year="1943">Franklin 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FC3CFB572216FB15" box="[931,1123,1216,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC3CFB572216FB15" box="[931,1123,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla floralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FB0EFB572700FB35" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FB0EFB572700FB35" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cacoecia parallela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FE4EFB48242AFB34" author="Arnaud" box="[465,607,1247,1270]" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(MA); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FD23FB48250CFB34" author="Huber" box="[700,889,1247,1271]" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC98FB772548FB35" box="[775,829,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FC19FB482591FB34" box="[902,996,1247,1270]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FBD8FB4822E8FB34" box="[1095,1181,1247,1270]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FB68246EFA74" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FB6827CAFAD5" bold="true" box="[264,447,1279,1303]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE5AFB682511FAD4" authority="Richmond 1938" authorityName="Richmond" authorityYear="1938" box="[453,868,1279,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE5AFB6824C4FAD5" bold="true" box="[453,689,1279,1303]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE5AFB6824DDFAD5" bold="true" box="[453,680,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FD28FB682511FAD4" author="Richmond" box="[695,868,1279,1302]" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="Richmond, H. A. (1938) Forest insects of the season 1937 in Manitoba and northern Ontario. Canadian Insect Pest Review, 16, 45 - 46." type="journal article" year="1938">Richmond 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC15FA9722F7FAD5" box="[906,1154,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
“Hemorilla”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FB83FA9722F7FAD5" box="[1052,1154,1280,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">maculosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ex. spruce budworm,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE1BFAB72410FAF5" box="[388,613,1312,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE1BFAB72410FAF5" box="[388,613,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cacoecia fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on jack pine (MB, ON);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FCE4FA88225CFAF4" author="Richmond" box="[891,1065,1311,1334]" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="Richmond, H. A. (1940) Review of forest insects of the season 1939 from the Winnipeg laboratory. Canadian Insect Pest Review, 18, 49 - 54." type="journal article" year="1940">Richmond 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FBCEFAB7235FFAF5" box="[1105,1322,1312,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FBCEFAB7235FFAF5" box="[1105,1322,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla maculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex. jack pine budworm,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDA0FAD72555FA95" box="[575,800,1344,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDA0FAD72555FA95" box="[575,800,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cacoecia fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on jack pine (SK, MB, ON);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FBF3FAA82352FA94" author="Richmond" box="[1132,1319,1343,1366]" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="Richmond, H. A. (1941 a) Forest insects of the season 1940 in central Canada. Canadian Insect Pest Review, 19, 57 - 60." type="journal article" year="1941" yearSuffix="a">Richmond 1941a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FEC9FAF7245AFAB5" box="[342,559,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FEC9FAF7245AFAB5" box="[342,559,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla maculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex. jack pine budworm,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FCA3FAF7227EFAB5" box="[828,1035,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FCA3FAF7227EFAB5" box="[828,1035,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on jack pine (SK);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FB77FAC8278FFA54" author="Dixon" pageId="29" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon & Benjamin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDBDFA172497FA55" box="[546,738,1408,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDBDFA172497FA55" box="[546,738,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla floralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WI); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FCA9FAE825B1FA54" author="Arnaud" box="[822,964,1407,1430]" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(WI); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FB87FAE822A0FA54" author="Huber" box="[1048,1237,1407,1431]" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FBFBFA1722EFFA55" box="[1124,1178,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FB7CFAE82722FA74" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FE26FA082465FA74" box="[441,528,1439,1462]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97FA28235EF9D4" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97FA2827B7FA15" bold="true" box="[264,450,1471,1495]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE55FA282504FA14" authority="Davis 1912" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1912" box="[458,881,1471,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE55FA28249EFA15" bold="true" box="[458,747,1471,1495]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE55FA282497FA15" bold="true" box="[458,738,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FD6CFA282504FA14" author="Davis" box="[755,881,1471,1494]" pageId="29" pageNumber="41" refString="Davis, J. J. (1912) Report on insects injurious to flowering and ornamental greenhouse plants in Illinois. Report of the State Entomologist on the noxious and beneficial insects of the state of Illinois, 27, 83 - 143." type="journal article" year="1912">Davis 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FC04FA572241FA15" box="[923,1076,1472,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Exorista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC04FA572241FA15" box="[923,1076,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Exorista pyste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FBFCFA57235FFA15" box="[1123,1322,1472,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FBFCFA57235FFA15" box="[1123,1322,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FEDFFA482728FA34" box="[320,349,1503,1526]" name="Iceland" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IL</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FEEEFA482462FA34" author="Schaffner" box="[369,535,1503,1526]" pageId="29" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaffner, J. V., Jr. (1959) Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 767, iv + 97 pp." type="book" year="1959">Schaffner 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDA1FA77248BFA35" box="[574,766,1504,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDA1FA77248BFA35" box="[574,766,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla floralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FCB4FA772587FA35" box="[811,1010,1504,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FCB4FA772587FA35" box="[811,1010,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FB14FA48236BFA34" box="[1163,1310,1503,1526]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FEDCFA6827A5F9D4" author="Arnaud" box="[323,464,1535,1558]" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FE40FA68278EF9D4" box="[479,507,1535,1558]" name="Iceland" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IL</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FD0FFA682557F9D4" box="[656,802,1535,1558]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FCA0FA682589F9D4" author="Huber" box="[831,1020,1535,1559]" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC13F99725B4F9D5" box="[908,961,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FB95FA68221DF9D4" box="[1034,1128,1535,1558]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FB56FA68236AF9D4" box="[1225,1311,1535,1558]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97F988249BF994" blockId="29.[264,1323,639,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97F988225FF9F5" bold="true" box="[264,1066,1567,1591]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE49F9882487F9F5" box="[470,754,1567,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE49F9882487F9F5" bold="true" box="[470,754,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FCC9F988225FF9F5" authority="Pfannenstiel & Unruh 2003" authorityName="Pfannenstiel & Unruh" authorityYear="2003" box="[854,1066,1567,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Pandemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FCC9F9882257F9F5" bold="true" box="[854,1058,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pandemis limitata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FBA9F9882718F994" author="Pfannenstiel" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="Pfannenstiel, R. S. & Unruh, T. R. (2003) Conservation of leafroller parasitoids through provision of alternate hosts in near-orchard habitats. In: Van Driesche, R. G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 - 18 January 2002. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Morgantown, WV. FHTET- 2003 - 05, pp. 256 - 262." type="journal article" year="2003">Pfannenstiel & Unruh 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(WA);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FE22F9A824DFF994" author="Cossentine" box="[445,682,1599,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="41" refString="Cossentine, J., Jensen, L., Deglow, E., Bennett, A., Goulet, H., Huber, J. & O'Hara, J. (2004) The parasitoid complex affecting Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata in organically managed apple orchards. BioControl, 49, 359 - 372." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Cossentine
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FDA6F9D7241AF995" box="[569,623,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEDF65013306945BFE97F91E2408FB0C" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FE97F91E2234F8A8" blockId="29.[264,1323,1672,1898]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE97F91E27B0F960" ID-CoL="4695W" box="[264,453,1673,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE97F91E27B0F960" box="[264,453,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nemorilla pyste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common species that is widespread throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FBDDF91F22E8F960" box="[1090,1181,1672,1698]" name="Canada" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FB46F91F2725F908" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FE10F927279DF908" box="[399,488,1712,1738]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FE66F927257DF908" author="O'Hara" box="[505,776,1712,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="O'Hara, J. E. & Wood, D. M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, 410 pp." type="book" year="2004">O’Hara & Wood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is a dark coloured tachinid, generally 4.0– 7.5mm long, with three black stripes on the thorax (median stripe quite broad) and a mottled abdomen. It was included in a key to the puparia of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FB25F8962739F880" ID-CoL="925CM" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FB25F8962739F880" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FE7FF8BF2407F880" author="Ross" box="[480,626,1832,1858]" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">Ross (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in a key to the adults of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FA8FF8BE27E0F8A8" ID-CoL="5YCYL" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FA8FF8BE27E0F8A8" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE59F8C6241FF8A8" box="[454,618,1873,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE59F8C6241FF8A8" box="[454,618,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33069458FD6FF8C72511F8A8" box="[752,868,1872,1898]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FC10F8C72248F8A8" author="Coppel" box="[911,1085,1872,1898]" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">Coppel (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFEA7FE8B27A3FD04" blockId="30.[264,1325,284,1230]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The mode of oviposition has not been described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFC34FE8B2212FEF7" ID-CoL="4695W" box="[939,1127,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFC34FE8B2212FEF7" box="[939,1127,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nemorilla pyste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is probably similar to that in other members of the tribe Winthemiini (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFBDCFED3235FFE9F" ID-CoL="3KT3C" box="[1091,1322,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBDCFED3235FFE9F" box="[1091,1322,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hemisturmia parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFEA5FEFB245DFE47" box="[314,552,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Smidtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFEA5FEFB245DFE47" box="[314,552,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Smidtia fumiferanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the species treated here). The female uses a telescopic ovipositor to attach eggs to the body of a host. The eggs hatch after several days and the first instar immediately burrows into the host.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFD70FE2B25DCFE17" ID-CoL="4695W" box="[751,937,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFD70FE2B25DCFE17" box="[751,937,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nemorilla pyste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attacks late instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFB6FFE2B27F7FE3F" ID-CoL="925CM" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFB6FFE2B27F7FE3F" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and emerges from the pupa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFCA2FE7325BCFE3C" author="Davis" box="[829,969,484,510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Davis, J. J. (1912) Report on insects injurious to flowering and ornamental greenhouse plants in Illinois. Report of the State Entomologist on the noxious and beneficial insects of the state of Illinois, 27, 83 - 143." type="journal article" year="1912">Davis 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFC48FE7322B0FE3C" author="Dowden" box="[983,1221,484,510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBDCFE73220AFE3F" box="[1091,1151,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFB4CFE7327B1FDE4" author="Carolin" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFE4FFD9B24FAFDE4" author="McKnight" box="[464,655,524,550]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" refString="McKnight, M. E. (1974) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm in Colorado. Environmental Entomology, 3, 186 - 187." type="journal article" year="1974">McKnight 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is likely, based on specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFBAAFD9B22E0FDE7" ID-CoL="4695W" box="[1077,1173,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBAAFD9B22E0FDE7" box="[1077,1173,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">N. pyste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Canadian National Collection of Insects reared from various hosts, that the tachinid either pupariates in the host pupa or emerges as a mature maggot and pupariates elsewhere. The parasitoid has two or more generations per year and overwinters as a larva in various hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFE8FFD3B27BCFD04" author="Schaffner" box="[272,457,684,710]" pageId="30" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaffner, J. V., Jr. (1959) Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 767, iv + 97 pp." type="book" year="1959">Schaffner 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFEA7FD432571FBEC" blockId="30.[264,1325,284,1230]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFEA7FD432787FD2F" ID-CoL="4695W" box="[312,498,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFEA7FD432787FD2F" box="[312,498,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nemorilla pyste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported frequently as a parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFB83FD4322B2FD2F" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[1052,1223,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFB83FD4322B2FD2F" box="[1052,1223,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, but the level of parasitism was generally very low (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFCF1FD6B22EEFCD4" author="Dixon" box="[878,1179,764,790]" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon & Benjamin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFB36FD6B2719FCFC" author="Dowden" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article" year="1951">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFA8AFD6B2753FCFF" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1951
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFEE6FCB324E3FCFC" author="Carolin" box="[377,662,804,830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFD3CFCB325B6FCFC" author="McGugan" box="[675,963,804,830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" refString="McGugan, B. M. & Blais, J. R. (1959) Spruce budworm parasite studies in northwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 758 - 783." type="journal article" year="1959">McGugan & Blais 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFC50FCB32227FCFC" author="Blais" box="[975,1106,804,830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1960) Spruce budworm parasite investigations in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe regions of Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 92, 384 - 396." type="journal article" year="1960">Blais 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFBC0FCB3236BFCFC" author="McKnight" box="[1119,1310,804,830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" refString="McKnight, M. E. (1974) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm in Colorado. Environmental Entomology, 3, 186 - 187." type="journal article" year="1974">McKnight 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was not ranked among the top 15 hymenopterous and dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFB53FCDB2710FC4F" ID-CoL="5YCYL" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFB53FCDB2710FC4F" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE02FCE32437FC4F" box="[413,578,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE02FCE32437FC4F" box="[413,578,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3305945BFD4BFCE3253DFC4C" box="[724,840,884,910]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in a study by Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBC5FCE322ECFC4F" box="[1114,1177,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1949), nor included among the parasitoids of spruce budworm in Maine by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFBA4FC0B272FFC1C" author="Tilles" pageId="30" pageNumber="45" refString="Tilles, D. A. & Woodley, N. E. (1984) Spruce budworm parasites in Maine: a reference manual for collection and identification of common species. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service, Agriculture Handbook, 616, 35 pp." type="book" year="1984">Tilles and Woodley (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, during outbreaks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFD40FC532531FC1F" ID-CoL="5YCYW" box="[735,836,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFD40FC532531FC1F" box="[735,836,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Saskatchewan in
|
||
<date id="827B104A3305945BFBD9FC53228AFC1C" box="[1094,1279,964,990]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1939" valueMax="1940">1939 and 1940</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFA8FFC532731FBC7" ID-CoL="4695W" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFA8FFC532731FBC7" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">N. pyste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFEE6FC7B2478FBC7" ID-CoL="4695Q" box="[377,525,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFEE6FC7B2478FBC7" box="[377,525,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">N. maculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was considered one of the most important parasitoids of the budworm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFEC4FB832468FBEC" author="Richmond" box="[347,541,1044,1070]" pageId="30" pageNumber="44" refString="Richmond, H. A. (1940) Review of forest insects of the season 1939 from the Winnipeg laboratory. Canadian Insect Pest Review, 18, 49 - 54." type="journal article" year="1940">Richmond 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFDB6FB832482FBEC" author="Richmond" box="[553,759,1044,1070]" pageId="30" pageNumber="44" refString="Richmond, H. A. (1941 a) Forest insects of the season 1940 in central Canada. Canadian Insect Pest Review, 19, 57 - 60." type="journal article" year="1941" yearSuffix="a">Richmond 1941a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFEA7FBAB2408FB0C" blockId="30.[264,1325,284,1230]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFEA7FBAB2787FB97" ID-CoL="4695W" box="[312,498,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyste">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFEA7FBAB2787FB97" box="[312,498,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nemorilla pyste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad host range. It is recorded from about 30 species in each of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFEA7FBF327D2FBBC" ID-CoL="FG2" box="[312,423,1124,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE76FBF3241CFBBC" ID-CoL="HBJ" box="[489,617,1124,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has one to several hosts in each of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFB08FBF32353FBBC" ID-CoL="623VV" box="[1175,1318,1124,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE97FB1B27ADFB64" ID-CoL="623KR" box="[264,472,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Glyphipterigidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Glyphipterygidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE79FB1B2400FB64" ID-CoL="6254D" box="[486,629,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFD1DFB1B257EFB64" ID-CoL="C98" box="[642,779,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFC87FB1B25CDFB64" box="[792,952,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lymantriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFC5BFB1B2235FB64" ID-CoL="DD9" box="[964,1088,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFBD2FB1B2280FB64" ID-CoL="DJC" box="[1101,1269,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oecophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE97FB23240CFB0C" ID-CoL="HZ7" authority="Arnaud 1978" authorityName="Arnaud" authorityYear="1978" box="[264,633,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Yponomeutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Yponomeutidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFE4FFB232405FB0C" author="Arnaud" box="[464,624,1204,1230]" pageId="30" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |