545 lines
62 KiB
XML
545 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="0C72E3414E04A25BA4D3695150214B0D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171153" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459718880902" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Hara, James E." docDate="2005" docId="7E6C879C3305945AFE97FABA241EF90D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00938.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 938" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nilea erecta Coquillett 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="8255FFE4331B9445FF9FFF972675FFC2" masterDocTitle="A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698208646016" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EBAF0E7822AEC00578E7CFD528726C16">
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<mods:title id="1CDAE7F8B587B2F6FBD592EB230E153D">A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E54123E9E04B40ED2C7FB8151B5C3378">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="53AC6335846E60B82D89D023C8684AD5">O’Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0C0D88A1EB9ECA9F99901F2BA6EFDEE4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3CA7E41A509F8BC14F71047AD7509367">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0FAB8B084F2CEAE1823EB20C618EEA23">
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<mods:date id="2024FDABE9640F3D58CE6468684E9FD6">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A57F81F0CB25DE0C10979D665AB6746A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0D7B0EB2BEB6E58BF6F535E8B7E2A565">938</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="2CA555099680B71690AD834DD32E481C" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="A74FF9E6A43E7B993743C196F9430408">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7CFB6DDC2C040173998EFB35A0E7FC76">46</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4134F926E4D18539025913BBE9E49F1F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="16488237638D80F224F84ED3EB8D7B61" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF704D6B40A5DFB07519A93C3BA73C23" type="GBIF-Dataset">33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F94274ABE3A40DAABC429DB4A5C45C9A" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="488F1E0C237F7F33B4BA7C0E42553682" type="Zenodo-Dep">171153</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E6C879C3305945AFE97FABA241EF90D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265520" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265520" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E6C879C3305945AFE97FABA241EF90D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6C879C3305945AFE97FABA241EF90D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="BEDF65013305945BFE97FABA27EFFA12" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFE97FABA24ABFA85" blockId="30.[264,734,1325,1351]" box="[264,734,1325,1351]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="AD3281E63305945BFE97FABA24ABFA85" bold="true" box="[264,734,1325,1351]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE97FABA24ABFA85" bold="true" box="[264,734,1325,1351]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE97FABA2409FA85" ID-CoL="73ZQR" authority="Coquillett, 1902" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1902" box="[264,636,1325,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE97FABA27ECFA85" bold="true" box="[264,409,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nilea erecta</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFE36FABA2406FA85" author="Coquillett" box="[425,627,1325,1351]" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1902) New Diptera from North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25 [= No. 1280], 83 - 126." type="journal article" year="1902">Coquillett, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6EFE2A0F3305945BFD16FABA24ABFA85" box="[649,734,1325,1351]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 48. 43" captionStartId="32.[264,382,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[294,1308,329,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,315,1778]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 48. 43. Habitus images. Hemisturmia parva. 44. Hyphantrophaga virilis. 45. Lypha fumipennis. 46. Madremyia saundersii. 47. Nemorilla pyste. 48. Nilea erecta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171161/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFE97FAEF27EFFA12" blockId="30.[264,1323,1400,1904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE97FAEF2487FA52" bold="true" box="[264,754,1400,1424]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Host records ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE59FAEF2487FA52" authority="McGugan & Blais 1959" authorityName="McGugan & Blais" authorityYear="1959" box="[454,754,1400,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE59FAEF249CFA52" bold="true" box="[454,745,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
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:
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFD66FAEE258EFA52" author="McGugan" box="[761,1019,1401,1424]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" refString="McGugan, B. M. & Blais, J. R. (1959) Spruce budworm parasite studies in northwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 758 - 783." type="journal article" year="1959">McGugan & Blais 1959</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFBBDFAEE235EFA52" box="[1058,1323,1401,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBBDFAEE235EFA52" box="[1058,1323,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ON);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFE1DFA0E278FFA72" author="Blais" box="[386,506,1433,1456]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1960) Spruce budworm parasite investigations in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe regions of Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 92, 384 - 396." type="journal article" year="1960">Blais 1960</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFDB6FA0E2540FA72" box="[553,821,1433,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFDB6FA0E2540FA72" box="[553,821,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(QC); †
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFC0DFA0E222CFA72" author="Huber" box="[914,1113,1433,1456]" pageId="30" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Huber
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFC7EFA0E226FFA72" box="[993,1050,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3305945BFBF5FA0E22BDFA72" box="[1130,1224,1433,1456]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">America</collectingCountry>
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north of
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3305945BFEA7FA2E27FBFA12" box="[312,398,1465,1488]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BEDF65013305945AFE97FA4F25ABFDB1" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFE97FA4F2519F992" blockId="30.[264,1323,1400,1904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE97FA4F22F3FA32" bold="true" box="[264,1158,1496,1520]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Host records ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE51FA4F2481FA32" box="[462,756,1496,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE51FA4F2481FA32" bold="true" box="[462,756,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and/or
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFCCDFA4F22F3FA32" authority="Dowden et al. 1948" authorityName="Dowden et al." authorityYear="1948" box="[850,1158,1496,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFCCDFA4F2208FA32" bold="true" box="[850,1149,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
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:
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFB10FA4E2705F9D2" author="Dowden" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
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Dowden
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFB6CFA4E235EFA32" box="[1267,1323,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
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1948
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</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE38FA6E241DF9D2" box="[423,616,1529,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE38FA6E241DF9D2" box="[423,616,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFD3AFA6E250FF9D2" box="[677,890,1529,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFD3AFA6E250FF9D2" box="[677,890,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(North
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3305945BFC41FA6E224AF9D2" box="[990,1087,1529,1552]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">America</collectingCountry>
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); †
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFBFCFA6E2374F9D2" author="Zwolfer" box="[1123,1281,1529,1552]" pageId="30" pageNumber="46" refString="Zwolfer, H. (1961) A comparative analysis of the parasite complexes of the European fir budworm, Choristoneura murinana (Hub.) and the North American spruce budworm, C. fumiferana (Clem.). Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin, 1, 162 pp." type="book" year="1961">Zwolfer 1961</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFEA7F98E2430F9F2" box="[312,581,1561,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFEA7F98E2430F9F2" box="[312,581,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFDE6F98E2565F9F2" box="[633,784,1561,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFDE6F98E2565F9F2" box="[633,784,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(North
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3305945BFCF4F98E25B9F9F2" box="[875,972,1561,1584]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">America</collectingCountry>
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); †
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFC73F98E22F4F9F2" author="Arnaud" box="[1004,1153,1561,1584]" pageId="30" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFB2FF98E27BAF992" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFB2FF98E27BAF992" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE63F9AE24E5F992" box="[508,656,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE63F9AE24E5F992" box="[508,656,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(BC, OR, ON, QC).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFE97F9CF2292F952" blockId="30.[264,1323,1400,1904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE97F9CF270BF952" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Host records ex.
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||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE52F9CF2487F9B2" box="[461,754,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE52F9CF2487F9B2" bold="true" box="[461,754,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFC9DF9CF2258F9B2" box="[770,1069,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFC9DF9CF2258F9B2" bold="true" box="[770,1069,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFB14F9CF2701F952" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFB14F9CF2701F952" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFE0FF9EE2471F952" author="Ross" box="[400,516,1657,1680]" pageId="30" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">Ross 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFDB3F9EE2490F952" box="[556,741,1657,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFDB3F9EE2490F952" box="[556,741,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex. spruce and/or jack pine budworm (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3305945BFB1AF9EE22AEF952" box="[1157,1243,1657,1680]" name="Canada" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFE97F90F2701F912" blockId="30.[264,1323,1400,1904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE97F90F248DF972" bold="true" box="[264,760,1688,1712]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE58F90F248DF972" authority="Harris & Dawson 1979" authorityName="Harris & Dawson" authorityYear="1979" box="[455,760,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE58F90F249AF972" bold="true" box="[455,751,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFD60F90E258FF972" author="Harris" box="[767,1018,1689,1712]" pageId="30" pageNumber="42" refString="Harris, J. W. E. & Dawson, A. F. (1979) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in British Columbia 1977 - 78. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 76, 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris & Dawson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFBBDF90E235EF972" box="[1058,1323,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBBDF90E235EF972" box="[1058,1323,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945BFE97F94F2273F8F2" blockId="30.[264,1323,1400,1904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE97F94F2505F932" bold="true" box="[264,880,1752,1776]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Host records probably ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFDA3F94F2505F932" authority="Wilkes et al. 1949" authorityName="Wilkes et al." authorityYear="1949" box="[572,880,1752,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFDA3F94F2512F932" bold="true" box="[572,871,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFC53F94E2271F932" box="[972,1028,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1949, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFBF0F94E235EF932" box="[1135,1323,1753,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBF0F94E235EF932" box="[1135,1323,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFEC0F96E2781F8D2" box="[351,500,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFEC0F96E2781F8D2" box="[351,500,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFDA1F96E2534F8D2" author="Carolin" box="[574,833,1785,1808]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFCF6F96E2256F8D2" box="[873,1059,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFCF6F96E2256F8D2" box="[873,1059,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFBCEF96E2290F8D2" box="[1105,1253,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBCEF96E2290F8D2" box="[1105,1253,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFEDCF88E27A4F8F2" author="Coppel" box="[323,465,1817,1840]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">Coppel 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE66F88E2577F8F2" box="[505,770,1817,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE66F88E2577F8F2" box="[505,770,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFCB1F88E25B7F8F2" box="[814,962,1817,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFCB1F88E25B7F8F2" box="[814,962,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3305945AFE97F8AF271DFEF1" blockId="30.[264,1323,1400,1904]" lastBlockId="31.[264,1323,284,627]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE97F8AF24BCF892" bold="true" box="[264,713,1848,1872]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE48F8AF24BCF892" authority="Dixon & Benjamin 1963" authorityName="Dixon & Benjamin" authorityYear="1963" box="[471,713,1848,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE48F8AF24B4F892" bold="true" box="[471,705,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFD49F8AE2584F892" author="Dixon" box="[726,1009,1849,1872]" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon & Benjamin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFBBBF8AE2296F892" box="[1060,1251,1849,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFBBBF8AE2296F892" box="[1060,1251,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WI); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFEDCF8CE27A0F8B2" author="Arnaud" box="[323,469,1881,1904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093305945BFE60F8CE257CF8B2" box="[511,777,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFE60F8CE257CF8B2" box="[511,777,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WI); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3305945BFCC1F8CE226BF8B2" author="Huber" box="[862,1054,1881,1904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983305945BFC34F8CE2597F8B2" box="[939,994,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3305945BFBB2F8CE22FEF8B2" box="[1069,1163,1881,1904]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3305945AFB6EF8CE2728FEF1" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3304945AFE97FEAC25FBFDF1" blockId="31.[264,1323,284,627]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE97FEAC2483FE91" bold="true" box="[264,758,315,340]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE4CFEAB2483FE91" authority="Knowlton & Allen 1937" authorityName="Knowlton & Allen" authorityYear="1937" box="[467,758,315,340]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE4CFEAB2498FE96" bold="true" box="[467,749,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFC9EFEAB2261FE91" author="Knowlton" box="[769,1044,316,339]" pageId="31" pageNumber="43" refString="Knowlton, G. F. & Allen, M. W. (1937) Oblique-banded leaf roller, a dewberry pest in Utah. Journal of Economic Entomology, 30, 780 - 785." type="journal article" year="1937">Knowlton & Allen 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFBDCFEAB2375FE91" box="[1091,1280,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFBDCFEAB2375FE91" box="[1091,1280,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFEA7FECB2462FEB1" box="[312,535,348,371]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFEA7FECB2462FEB1" box="[312,535,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cacoecia rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UT);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFDF2FECB25EFFEB1" author="Knowlton" box="[621,922,348,371]" pageId="31" pageNumber="43" refString="Knowlton, G. F. & Hansen, L. L. (1938) Notes on berry insects of Utah. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 15, 127 - 130." type="journal article" year="1938">Knowlton & Hansen 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFC52FECB22F8FEB1" box="[973,1165,348,371]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFC52FECB22F8FEB1" box="[973,1165,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFB59FECB27D3FE51" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFB59FECB27D3FE51" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cacoecia rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UT);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFE64FEEB2498FE51" author="Zeller" box="[507,749,380,403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" refString="Zeller, S. M. & Schuh, J. (1944) Diseases and insect pests of cane fruits in Oregon. Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 418, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1944">Zeller & Schuh 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFC80FEEB25A8FE51" box="[799,989,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFC80FEEB25A8FE51" box="[799,989,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFB8AFEEB2294FE51" box="[1045,1249,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFB8AFEEB2294FE51" box="[1045,1249,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFEA7FE0B2461FE71" author="Schuh" box="[312,532,412,435]" pageId="31" pageNumber="45" refString="Schuh, J. & Mote, D. C. (1948) The oblique-banded leaf roller on red raspberries [Archips rosaceana (Harris)]. Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Bulletin, 13, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1948">Schuh & Mote 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFDA3FE0B2530FE71" box="[572,837,412,435]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFDA3FE0B2530FE71" box="[572,837,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFCEDFE0B224CFE71" box="[882,1081,412,435]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFCEDFE0B224CFE71" box="[882,1081,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFB1BFE0B2353FE71" author="Raizenne" box="[1156,1318,412,435]" pageId="31" pageNumber="44" refString="Raizenne, H. (1952) Forest Lepidoptera of southern Ontario and their parasites received and reared at the Ottawa Forest Insect Survey Laboratory from 1937 to 1948. Canada Department of Agriculture, Science Service, Division of Forest Biology, Ottawa, v + 277 pp." type="book" year="1952">Raizenne 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFECAFE2B242AFE11" box="[341,607,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFECAFE2B242AFE11" box="[341,607,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFD12FE2B2521FE11" box="[653,852,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFD12FE2B2521FE11" box="[653,852,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ON);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFC3DFE2B223DFE11" author="Schaffner" box="[930,1096,444,467]" pageId="31" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaffner, J. V., Jr. (1959) Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 767, iv + 97 pp." type="book" year="1959">Schaffner 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFBEEFE2B235EFE11" box="[1137,1323,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFBEEFE2B235EFE11" box="[1137,1323,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFEC1FE4B2451FE31" box="[350,548,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFEC1FE4B2451FE31" box="[350,548,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3304945AFD22FE4B253AFE31" box="[701,847,476,499]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFCF3FE4B2589FE31" author="Arnaud" box="[876,1020,476,499]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFBBDFE4B235EFE31" box="[1058,1323,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFBBDFE4B235EFE31" box="[1058,1323,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR, UT, ON, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3304945AFDF6FE6B248BFDD1" box="[617,766,508,531]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFC8DFE6B2279FDD1" author="Hagley" box="[786,1036,508,531]" pageId="31" pageNumber="42" refString="Hagley, E. A. C. & Barber, D. R. (1991) Foliage-feeding Lepidoptera and their parasites recovered from unmanaged apple orchards in southern Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 122, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1991">Hagley & Barber 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(ON); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFBF7FE6B235FFDD1" author="Huber" box="[1128,1322,508,531]" pageId="31" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFB2AFE6B2298FDD1" box="[1205,1261,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3304945AFEA0FD8B27E8FDF1" box="[319,413,540,563]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3304945AFE60FD8B2420FDF1" box="[511,597,540,563]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFDF7FD8B2538FDF1" author="Wilkinson" box="[616,845,540,563]" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" refString="Wilkinson, T. K., Landis, D. A. & Gut, L. J. (2004) Parasitism of obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in commercially managed Michigan apple orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97, 1524 - 1530." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Wilkinson
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFD43FD8B2567FDF1" box="[732,786,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(MI).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3304945AFE97FDAC25ABFDB1" blockId="31.[264,1323,284,627]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE97FDAC2265FD91" bold="true" box="[264,1040,571,596]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE54FDAB2496FD96" box="[459,739,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE54FDAB2496FD96" bold="true" box="[459,739,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFCA0FDAB2265FD91" authority="Vakenti et al. 2001" authorityName="Vakenti et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[831,1040,571,596]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Pandemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFCA0FDAB2272FD96" bold="true" box="[831,1031,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pandemis limitata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFB87FDAB2290FD91" author="Vakenti" box="[1048,1253,572,595]" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" refString="Vakenti, J. M., Cossentine, J. E., Cooper, B. E., Sharkey, M. J., Yoshimoto, C. M. & Jensen, L. B. M. (2001) Host-plant range and parasitoids of obliquebanded and three-lined leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist, 133, 139 - 146." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Vakenti
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFBEDFDAB22DCFD91" box="[1138,1193,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(BC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFEA7FDCB242BFDB1" author="Pfannenstiel" box="[312,606,604,627]" pageId="31" pageNumber="44" refString="Pfannenstiel, R. S. & Unruh, T. R. (2003) Conservation of leafroller parasitoids through provision of alternate hosts in near-orchard habitats. In: Van Driesche, R. G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 - 18 January 2002. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Morgantown, WV. FHTET- 2003 - 05, pp. 256 - 262." type="journal article" year="2003">Pfannenstiel & Unruh 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(WA);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFD30FDCB25EEFDB1" author="Cossentine" box="[687,923,604,627]" pageId="31" pageNumber="41" refString="Cossentine, J., Jensen, L., Deglow, E., Bennett, A., Goulet, H., Huber, J. & O'Hara, J. (2004) The parasitoid complex affecting Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata in organically managed apple orchards. BioControl, 49, 359 - 372." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Cossentine
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFCB5FDCB2515FDB1" box="[810,864,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEDF65013304945AFE97FD32241EF90D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3304945AFE97FD3222A6FC6D" blockId="31.[264,1324,677,1743]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE97FD3227EDFD7C" ID-CoL="73ZQR" box="[264,408,677,702]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE97FD3227EDFD7C" box="[264,408,677,702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nilea erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small (generally 4.0–6.5 mm long), grayish black tachinid with a somewhat mottled or banded abdomen. It differs from other tachinids treated here in possessing four katepisternal setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EFE2A0F3304945AFDB1FD622402FCCD" box="[558,631,757,783]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10. 1" captionStartId="5.[264,370,1655,1676]" captionTargetBox="[302,1294,297,1640]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[291,1307,278,1644]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. 1. Phryxe pecosensis, male head. 2. Madremyia saundersii, male head. 3. Smidtia fumiferanae, male head. 4. Nilea erecta, katepisternum. 5. Eumea caesar, katepisternum. 6. Phryxe pecosensis, katepisternum. 7. Cyzenis incrassata, scutellum. 8. Compsilura concinnata, scutellum. 9. Hyphantrophaga blanda, dorsal view of mid leg. 10. Eumea caesar, dorsal view of mid leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171154/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) instead of two or three. It is a widespread species found throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3304945AFE0DFC8A2782FCF5" box="[402,503,797,823]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3304945AFDF8FC8A24B4FCF5" box="[615,705,797,823]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFD4DFC8A2596FCF5" author="O'Hara" box="[722,995,797,823]" pageId="31" pageNumber="44" refString="O'Hara, J. E. & Wood, D. M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, 410 pp." type="book" year="2004">O’Hara & Wood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFC69FC8A22F3FCF4" ID-CoL="73ZQR" box="[1014,1158,797,822]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFC69FC8A22F3FCF4" box="[1014,1158,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nilea erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in a key to the puparia of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFCD2FCD2258DFC9C" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[845,1016,837,862]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFCD2FCD2258DFC9C" box="[845,1016,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFBE0FCD227ABFC45" author="Ross" pageId="31" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">
|
||
Ross (1952, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE97FCFA27A1FC44" ID-CoL="88XPQ" box="[264,468,877,902]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE97FCFA27A1FC44" box="[264,468,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in a key to the adults of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFBCFFCFA2374FC44" ID-CoL="5YCYL" box="[1104,1281,877,902]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFBCFFCFA2374FC44" box="[1104,1281,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE97FC0227DFFC6C" ID-CoL="5YD8Z" box="[264,426,917,942]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE97FC0227DFFC6C" box="[264,426,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3304945AFDAEFC0224D0FC6D" box="[561,677,917,943]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFD4EFC0222BAFC6D" author="Coppel" box="[721,1231,917,943]" pageId="31" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
Coppel (1960, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFC00FC0222B7FC6C" box="[927,1218,917,942]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFC00FC0222B7FC6C" box="[927,1218,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoperichaeta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3304945AFEA7FC2A236AFB2D" blockId="31.[264,1324,677,1743]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The egglaying habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFDF6FC2A24A3FC14" box="[617,726,957,982]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Pseudoperichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFDF6FC2A24A3FC14" box="[617,726,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N. erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been described but are likely similar to those of the other eryciines treated here,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFC9DFC72227BFC3C" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[770,1038,997,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFC9DFC72227BFC3C" box="[770,1038,997,1022]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Madremyia saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFBD0FC72235FFC3C" ID-CoL="4GX3D" box="[1103,1322,997,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phryxe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pecosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFBD0FC72235FFC3C" box="[1103,1322,997,1022]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Phryxe pecosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="BB4703313304945AFE8FFB9A2719FBE5" box="[272,364,1037,1063]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Reproductive strategies used by tachinid parasitoids of Nearctic Choristoneura species." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). If this is the case, then a fully incubated egg is deposited on a host and the first instar emerges almost immediately and burrows into the host’s body.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFBDFFBA222A5FB8C" ID-CoL="73ZQR" box="[1088,1232,1077,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFBDFFBA222A5FB8C" box="[1088,1232,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nilea erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attacks late instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFD99FBCA24C4FBB4" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[518,689,1117,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFD99FBCA24C4FBB4" box="[518,689,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and emerges from the sixth instar or pupa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFE8FFB12244FFB5D" author="Knowlton" box="[272,570,1157,1183]" pageId="31" pageNumber="43" refString="Knowlton, G. F. & Allen, M. W. (1937) Oblique-banded leaf roller, a dewberry pest in Utah. Journal of Economic Entomology, 30, 780 - 785." type="journal article" year="1937">Knowlton & Allen 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFDD7FB12254FFB5D" author="Dowden" box="[584,826,1157,1183]" pageId="31" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFD29FB122486FB5C" box="[694,755,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFCD6FB122237FB5D" author="Schuh" box="[841,1090,1157,1183]" pageId="31" pageNumber="45" refString="Schuh, J. & Mote, D. C. (1948) The oblique-banded leaf roller on red raspberries [Archips rosaceana (Harris)]. Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Bulletin, 13, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1948">Schuh & Mote 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFBCFFB122733FB05" author="Carolin" pageId="31" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFECBFB3A241AFB05" author="Harris" box="[340,623,1197,1223]" pageId="31" pageNumber="42" refString="Harris, J. W. E. & Dawson, A. F. (1979) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in British Columbia 1977 - 78. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 76, 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris & Dawson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is usually only one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFC21FB3A225EFB04" ID-CoL="73ZQR" box="[958,1067,1197,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFC21FB3A225EFB04" box="[958,1067,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N. erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
per host, there are at least two generations per year, and the winter is passed in the puparium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFBC6FB422366FB2D" author="Schaffner" box="[1113,1299,1237,1263]" pageId="31" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaffner, J. V., Jr. (1959) Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 767, iv + 97 pp." type="book" year="1959">Schaffner 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3304945AFEA7FB6A24D3F995" blockId="31.[264,1324,677,1743]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFEA7FB6A27B2FAD4" ID-CoL="73ZQR" box="[312,455,1277,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFEA7FB6A27B2FAD4" box="[312,455,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nilea erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been frequently reported as a parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFC69FB6A22D4FAD4" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[1014,1185,1277,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFC69FB6A22D4FAD4" box="[1014,1185,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species but levels of parasitism are generally low (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFD49FAB22583FAFD" author="Carolin" box="[726,1014,1317,1343]" pageId="31" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFB9CFAB22351FAFD" author="McGugan" box="[1027,1316,1317,1343]" pageId="31" pageNumber="43" refString="McGugan, B. M. & Blais, J. R. (1959) Spruce budworm parasite studies in northwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 758 - 783." type="journal article" year="1959">McGugan & Blais 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFE97FADA27FEFAA5" author="Blais" box="[264,395,1357,1383]" pageId="31" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1960) Spruce budworm parasite investigations in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe regions of Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 92, 384 - 396." type="journal article" year="1960">Blais 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFE07FADA24B6FAA5" author="Dixon" box="[408,707,1357,1383]" pageId="31" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon & Benjamin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFCCCFADA2201FAA5" author="Zeller" box="[851,1140,1357,1383]" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" refString="Zeller, S. M. & Schuh, J. (1944) Diseases and insect pests of cane fruits in Oregon. Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 418, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1944">Zeller and Schuh (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFB20FADA235FFAA4" ID-CoL="73ZQR" box="[1215,1322,1357,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFB20FADA235FFAA4" box="[1215,1322,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N. erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFEAAFAE22471FA4C" ID-CoL="88XPQ" box="[309,516,1397,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFEAAFAE22471FA4C" box="[309,516,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a braconid wasp as the two most important parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFA8FFAE227F4FA74" ID-CoL="5YCZ9" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFA8FFAE227F4FA74" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE23FA0A24EEFA74" ID-CoL="G9HG" box="[444,667,1437,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE23FA0A24EEFA74" box="[444,667,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in an Oregon study. Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFB8FFA0A2225FA74" box="[1040,1104,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1949) placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFA8FFA0A2725FA1C" ID-CoL="88XPQ" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFA8FFA0A2725FA1C" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N. erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE1FFA522439FA1C" ID-CoL="88XPQ" box="[384,588,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFE1FFA522439FA1C" box="[384,588,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Phorocera erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) low on their list of the 15 dominant parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFB3BFA52274FF9C4" ID-CoL="5YCYL" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFB3BFA52274FF9C4" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFEF5FA7A2478F9C4" ID-CoL="5YD8Z" box="[362,525,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFEF5FA7A2478F9C4" box="[362,525,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3304945AFD0EFA7A2572F9C5" box="[657,775,1517,1543]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ranking it thirteenth among all parasitoids and sixth among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE55F9822453F9ED" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[458,550,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was not included in a treatment of spruce budworm parasitoids in Maine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFE1FF9AA24ECF995" author="Tilles" box="[384,665,1597,1623]" pageId="31" pageNumber="45" refString="Tilles, D. A. & Woodley, N. E. (1984) Spruce budworm parasites in Maine: a reference manual for collection and identification of common species. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service, Agriculture Handbook, 616, 35 pp." type="book" year="1984">Tilles & Woodley 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3304945AFEA7F9F2241EF90D" blockId="31.[264,1324,677,1743]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFEA7F9F227BCF9BC" ID-CoL="73ZQR" box="[312,457,1637,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983304945AFEA7F9F227BCF9BC" box="[312,457,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nilea erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is chiefly a parasitoid of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFCB3F9F225D9F9BD" ID-CoL="HBJ" box="[812,940,1637,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(15 host species) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFB22F9F22359F9BD" ID-CoL="FG2" box="[1213,1324,1637,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nine host species), with a single host species reported from each of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFBE2F91A2283F965" ID-CoL="DD9" box="[1149,1270,1677,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093304945AFE97F922241DF90D" ID-CoL="99D6W" authority="Arnaud, 1978" authorityName="Arnaud" authorityYear="1978" box="[264,616,1717,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Notodontidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3304945AFE28F922242AF90D" author="Arnaud" box="[439,607,1717,1743]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |