433 lines
52 KiB
XML
433 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="270E7DF45E76D8EDC71B7959266FA6B2">Revision of the strongly flattened Megaprosternum Azevedo (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79F67A1CCA38657DDE2173EC4BA29AE8">Colombo, Wesley D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A168F21657E3EAC7B4C76EDF550D79C">Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29.075 - 910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="69F470B1022CD59ECDC0526C6C7BF1E6">Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29.075 - 910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC38D021AAFD5E0375FC422DF5F4E0DC" type="email">bethylidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E570FCC6F730FC63" bold="true" box="[529,893,876,903]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Megaprosternum norfolcensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E4ECFCC6F057FC63" author="Dodd A. P." box="[909,1050,877,903]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA3B163E591FC3BF70EFC4E" box="[752,835,912,938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DCFC79F6B2FC08" authority="Dodd, 1924: 184 - 185" authorityName="Dodd" authorityPageNumber="184 - 185" authorityYear="1924" box="[189,767,977,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFC79F5B9FC08" box="[189,500,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sclerodermus norfolcensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E69AFC79F6B2FC08" author="Dodd A. P." box="[507,767,977,1004]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd, 1924: 184–185</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DCFBB8F5B9FBC9" authorityName="Dodd" authorityYear="1924" box="[189,500,1043,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFBB8F5B9FBC9" box="[189,500,1043,1069]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sclerodermus norfolcensis</emphasis>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E574FBB8F74DFBC9" author="Hawkins C. N." box="[533,768,1043,1069]" page="883" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1942">
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<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E574FBB8F74DFBC9" author="Hawkins C. N." box="[533,768,1043,1069]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="865 - 902" refId="ref20147" refString="Hawkins C. N. 1942. LXX. The insects of Norfolk Island, including a preliminary report on a recent collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11 9: 865 - 902. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745481.1942.9755529" type="journal article" year="1942">Hawkins 1942: 883</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E453FBBFF05AFBC9" author="Naumann I. D." box="[818,1047,1043,1070]" page="20" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E453FBBFF05AFBC9" author="Naumann I. D." box="[818,1047,1043,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref20943" refString="Naumann I. D. 1990. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip islands. Australian Entomological Magazine 17: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1990">Naumann 1990: 20</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 22, 26. —
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<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E3C2FBBFF519FBB4" author="Lanes G. O. & Azevedo C. O." page="81" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E3C2FBBFF519FBB4" author="Lanes G. O. & Azevedo C. O." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref20586" refString="Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 903117 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]. Lanes G. O. & Azevedo C. O. 2008. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae). Insect Systematic and Evolution 39: 55 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631208788784165" type="url" year="2008">Lanes & Azevedo 2008: 81</bibRefCitation>
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, 83. —
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<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E6D1FB9DF696FBB4" author="Azevedo C. O. & Vargas J. M. R. & Colombo W. D." box="[432,731,1078,1105]" page="478" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2020">
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<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E6D1FB9DF696FBB4" author="Azevedo C. O. & Vargas J. M. R. & Colombo W. D." box="[432,731,1078,1105]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="467 - 480" refId="ref19211" refString="Azevedo C. O., Vargas J. M. R. & Colombo W. D. 2020. Synopsis of world Discleroderma Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 4742: 467 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4742.3.3" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Azevedo
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E57EFB9CF61EFBB4" box="[543,595,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
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. 2020: 478
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFBF2F6A8FB90" blockId="27.[189,1399,1043,1211]" box="[189,741,1113,1140]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFA3B163E7DCFBF2F6A8FB90" box="[189,741,1113,1140]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFBF2F5B2FB97" box="[189,511,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DCFBF2F5A5FB97" box="[189,488,1113,1139]" class="Caudofoveata" family="Prochaetodermatidae" genus="Scleroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetodermatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">Scleroderma norfolcensis</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E567FBF2F6ACFB90" author="Smithers C. N." box="[518,737,1113,1140]" page="44" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E567FBF2F6ACFB90" author="Smithers C. N." box="[518,737,1113,1140]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref21128" refString="Smithers C. N. 1998. A species list and bibliography of the insects recorded from Norfolk Island. Technical reports of the Australian Museum 13: 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 1031 - 8062.13.1998.1282" type="journal article" year="1998">Smithers 1998: 44</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFBD6F73AFB73" blockId="27.[189,1399,1043,1211]" box="[189,887,1149,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFA3B163E7DCFBD6F73AFB73" box="[189,887,1149,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFBD6F665FB72" box="[189,552,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DCFBD6F65CFB73" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[189,529,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">Megaprosternum pentagonal</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E54EFBD6F73FFB73" author="Lanes G. O. & Azevedo C. O." box="[559,882,1149,1175]" page="81" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E54EFBD6F73FFB73" author="Lanes G. O. & Azevedo C. O." box="[559,882,1149,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref20586" refString="Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 903117 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]. Lanes G. O. & Azevedo C. O. 2008. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae). Insect Systematic and Evolution 39: 55 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631208788784165" type="url" year="2008">Lanes & Azevedo 2008: 81</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFB0AF724FB5F" blockId="27.[189,1399,1043,1211]" box="[189,873,1184,1211]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFB0AF67EFB5E" box="[189,563,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DCFB0AF651FB5E" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[189,540,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">Megaprosternum norfolcensis</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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Azevedo
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E5CBFB0AF6A9FB5E" box="[682,740,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
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2018: 235.
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</paragraph>
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||
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA3B163E7DCFB4AF584FB1F" bold="true" box="[189,457,1249,1275]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFB4AF584FB1F" bold="true" box="[189,457,1249,1275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFABBF024FA94" blockId="27.[188,1398,1296,1393]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">The females of this species differ from those of the other species by having the head at most 1.2× as long as wide, the median clypeal lobe straight, the antennae with 11 flagellomeres, the mesoscuto-scutellar foveae absent and wings polymorphism, with macropterous and apterous forms.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA3B163E7DCFA3CF077F911" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFA3CF5E7FA55" blockId="27.[189,426,1431,1457]" box="[189,426,1431,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA3B163E7DCFA3CF5E7FA55" bold="true" box="[189,426,1431,1457]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFA3CF5E7FA55" bold="true" box="[189,426,1431,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFA3B163E78BFA6DF5C9F9C3" collectionCode="SAM" collectorName="A. M. Lea" country="Australia" location="Norfolk Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Norfolk Island" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E78BFA6DF511FA04" blockId="27.[189,1399,1478,1575]" box="[234,348,1478,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E78BFA6DF511FA04" bold="true" box="[234,348,1478,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA3B163E78BFA6DF511FA04" box="[234,348,1478,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFA41F5C9F9C3" blockId="27.[189,1399,1478,1575]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA3B163E7DCFA41F52FF9E0" box="[189,354,1514,1540]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E6E4FA42F673F9E0" bold="true" box="[389,574,1513,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA3B163E6E4FA42F673F9E0" box="[389,574,1513,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Norfolk Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA3B163E538FA41F63DF9E0" box="[601,624,1514,1540]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; “Norfolk Island, rotting leaves,
|
||
<collectorName id="5B055367FFA3B163E49DFA41F022F9E0" box="[1020,1135,1514,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A.M. Lea</collectorName>
|
||
(type 14585)”;
|
||
<collectionCode id="90E1AE74FFA3B163E251FA41F13EF9E0" box="[1328,1395,1514,1540]" collectionName="Australia, South Australia, Adelaide, South Australian Museum" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">SAM</collectionCode>
|
||
. [By description.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E78BF9E5F524F98C" blockId="27.[188,1399,1614,1782]" box="[234,361,1614,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E78BF9E5F524F98C" bold="true" box="[234,361,1614,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Non-types</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCF9DAF077F911" blockId="27.[188,1399,1614,1782]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFA3B163E7DCF9DAF0F4F94B" collectingDate="1939-06-12" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="I. McComish" country="Australia" elevation="3" location="Norfolk Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="NHMUK 015663882, 015663883" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Norfolk Island">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA3B163E7DCF9DAF52FF96F" box="[189,354,1649,1675]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E61DF9DAF67FF96F" bold="true" box="[380,562,1649,1675]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA3B163E61DF9DAF67FF96F" box="[380,562,1649,1675]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Norfolk Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA3B163E52BF9DAF6C1F968" box="[586,652,1649,1676]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; “
|
||
<location id="F32F606AFFA3B163E5C5F9DAF718F96F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA3B166E570FCC6F6F6FDC0:F32F606AFFA3B163E5C5F9DAF718F96F" box="[676,853,1649,1675]" country="Australia" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</location>
|
||
, under decayed palm leaves
|
||
<location id="F32F606AFFA3B163E3C1F9D9F147F96F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA3B166E570FCC6F6F6FDC0:F32F606AFFA3B163E3C1F9D9F147F96F" box="[1184,1290,1649,1676]" country="Australia" name="M. T. Pitt" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Norfolk Island">M.T. Pitt</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="31089B54FFA3B163E274F9DAF13AF96F" box="[1301,1399,1649,1675]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1.0">
|
||
<elevation id="7DDDD182FFA3B163E274F9DAF13AF96F" box="[1301,1399,1649,1675]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1.0">1.000 ft.</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<date id="824E1071FFA3B163E7DDF93FF571F94A" box="[188,316,1684,1710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1939-06-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="920AE999FFA3B163E7DDF93FF571F94A" box="[188,316,1684,1710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1939-06-12">12.vi.1939</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="5B055367FFA3B163E627F93EF5ACF94A" box="[326,481,1684,1711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I. McComish</collectorName>
|
||
, 156, Brit. Mus. 1940-154”;
|
||
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFA3B163E448F93EF069F94B" box="[809,1060,1684,1711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">NHMUK 015663882</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFA3B163E34CF93FF0F8F94B" box="[1069,1205,1684,1711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">015663883</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFA3B163E3DFF93EF077F911" collectingDate="1974-03-19" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="C. I. E." country="Australia" elevation="3" location="Peachester" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="NHMUK 015663884" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E3B1F93FF129F94A" bold="true" box="[1232,1380,1684,1710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA3B163E3B1F93FF129F94A" box="[1232,1380,1684,1710]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA3B163E7DCF913F4A4F936" box="[189,233,1720,1746]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; “
|
||
<location id="F32F606AFFA3B163E661F913F5CFF936" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA3B166E570FCC6F6F6FDC0:F32F606AFFA3B163E661F913F5CFF936" box="[256,386,1720,1746]" country="Australia" name="Peachester" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Queensland">Peachester</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="824E1071FFA3B163E6ECF913F642F936" box="[397,527,1720,1746]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1974-03-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="920AE999FFA3B163E6ECF913F642F936" box="[397,527,1720,1746]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1974-03-19">19.iii.1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F32F606AFFA3B163E578F913F6C2F936" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA3B166E570FCC6F6F6FDC0:F32F606AFFA3B163E578F913F6C2F936" box="[537,655,1720,1746]" country="Australia" name="R. A. Yule" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Queensland">R.A. Yule</location>
|
||
, Dept. For. Qld., Nicher Accn. nº. 722,
|
||
<collectorName id="5B055367FFA3B163E332F913F0D5F936" box="[1107,1176,1720,1746]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C.I.E.</collectorName>
|
||
A8556”;
|
||
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFA3B163E269F913F508F912" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">NHMUK 015663884</specimenCode>
|
||
. [Previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E515F977F752F911" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[628,799,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E515F977F752F911" box="[628,799,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E42AF970F062F911" author="Lanes G. O. & Azevedo C. O." box="[843,1071,1755,1781]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref20586" refString="Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 903117 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]. Lanes G. O. & Azevedo C. O. 2008. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae). Insect Systematic and Evolution 39: 55 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631208788784165" type="url" year="2008">
|
||
Lanes
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E4F8F977F79EF911" box="[921,979,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA3B165E7DCF8B7F730FC47" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCF8B7F526F8D2" blockId="27.[189,363,1820,1846]" box="[189,363,1820,1846]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA3B163E7DCF8B7F526F8D2" bold="true" box="[189,363,1820,1846]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCF8B7F526F8D2" bold="true" box="[189,363,1820,1846]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E78BF8E0F508F881" blockId="27.[189,1398,1867,1964]" box="[234,325,1867,1893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E78BF8E0F508F881" bold="true" box="[234,325,1867,1893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCF8C4F727F848" blockId="27.[189,1398,1867,1964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA3B163E7DCF8C4F523F863" baselines="1922,1922" box="[189,366,1903,1929]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(mm). Body length 3.0‒
|
||
<quantity id="31089B54FFA3B163E5F8F8C5F6BAF86D" box="[665,759,1902,1929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; LH 0.75; WH 0.65; WF 0.45; WOT 0.12; surface of median clypeal lobe 0.38; HE 0.25; OOL 0.40; LFW 2.15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA4B164E7DCFEA2F793FEC7" blockId="28.[189,990,265,291]" box="[189,990,265,291]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA4B164E7DCFEA2F544FEC5" baselines="284,284" box="[189,265,265,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Color" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">COLOR</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA4B164E67AFEA2F5C5FEC7" box="[283,392,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark castaneous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA4B164E7DCFEE0F733FE15" blockId="28.[189,1399,330,498]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA4B164E7DCFEE0F4B0FE87" baselines="350,350" box="[189,253,331,357]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA4B164E673FEE1F5CDFE81" box="[274,384,330,357]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oval, in lateral view; sides almost parallel, in dorsal view; malar space 0.2× HE; median clypeal lobe straight, as long as lateral ones, with pair of lateral carinae, converging posteriorly, lobe delimitation indistinct; mandible with three apical teeth; antenna with 11 flagellomeres, pedicel longer than flagellomere I; eye weakly setose, contour not protruding; frons coriaceous; ocellar triangle with anterior angle acute, postocellar line longer than DAO.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A28F6639FFA4B164E7DCF823F6DBF80D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA4B164E7DCF823F6DBF80D" blockId="28.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E7DCF823F553F846" bold="true" box="[189,286,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA4B164E648F822F771F846" authority="(Dodd, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[297,828,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E648F822F6C1F846" box="[297,652,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megaprosternum norfolcensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA4B164E5FEF823F77EF846" author="Dodd A. P." box="[671,819,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E42AF823F7E4F846" bold="true" box="[843,937,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A–B, D</emphasis>
|
||
. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883).
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E7DCF800F49FF821" bold="true" box="[189,210,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884).
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E5CAF800F68DF821" bold="true" box="[683,704,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E4B3F800F044F821" bold="true" box="[978,1033,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Head, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E39CF800F15CF821" bold="true" box="[1277,1297,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFEA2F019FDD4" blockId="29.[189,1399,265,560]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA5B165E7DCFEA2F577FEC5" baselines="284,284" box="[189,314,265,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Mesosoma" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MESOSOMA</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Pronotal flange polished, with posterior margin at most 1.5× as wide as anterior one; dorsal pronotal area coriaceous, posterior margin almost straight; mesoscutum longer than mesoscutellum medially; parapsidal signum absent; transscutal fissure inconspicuous; mesoscuto-scutellar suture absent; metapectal-propodeal disc longer than wide medially, without evident constriction at propodeal spiracle; transverse anterior carina absent; lateral marginal carina absent; paraspiracular sulcus absent; paraspiracular carina absent; metapostnotal median carina absent; propodeal spiracle circular, on lateral surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex; forewing with prestigmal abscissa of radial 1 subrectangular, 4.0 ×as long as pterostigma, 2.0×as wide as Sc+R vein, prestigmal flexion line present, pterostigma small and circular; hind wing with three equidistant distal hamuli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFDFDF0EBFD94" blockId="29.[189,1190,598,624]" box="[189,1190,598,624]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA5B165E7DCFDFDF574FD8A" baselines="617,617" box="[189,313,598,624]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Metasoma" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">METASOMA</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Second abdominal spiracle circular; abdominal tergum narrowing apicad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E78BFD3DF567FD54" blockId="29.[189,313,662,722]" box="[234,298,662,688]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E78BFD3DF567FD54" bold="true" box="[234,298,662,688]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFD13F574FD35" blockId="29.[189,313,662,722]" box="[189,313,695,722]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFD5CF573FCF5" blockId="29.[189,318,759,785]" box="[189,318,759,785]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA5B165E7DCFD5CF573FCF5" bold="true" box="[189,318,759,785]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E7DCFD5CF573FCF5" bold="true" box="[189,318,759,785]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Variations</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFC8FF730FC47" blockId="29.[188,1401,804,931]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The vertex of the head can be angled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA5B165E5F0FC8FF6B3FCDA" box="[657,766,804,830]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as observed in the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA5B165E3A0FC8FF13EFCDA" box="[1217,1395,804,830]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while it can be rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA5B165E680FCEEF606FC84" box="[481,587,837,864]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as seen in the specimen from Queensland. The wings can be present and well developed (macropterous form) as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E462FCCCF727FC65" box="[771,874,871,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the specimen from Queensland, whereas they can be absent (apterous form) as in the
|
||
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA5B165E5A2FC22F734FC47" box="[707,889,905,931]" count="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA5B166E7DCFC62F66EFEA2" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFC62F562FC07" blockId="29.[189,303,969,995]" box="[189,303,969,995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA5B165E7DCFC62F562FC07" bold="true" box="[189,303,969,995]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E7DCFC62F562FC07" bold="true" box="[189,303,969,995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFC5EF57EFB3D" blockId="29.[188,1399,1013,1241]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
This species is known only from
|
||
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA5B165E55AFC5EF68FFBEB" box="[571,706,1013,1039]" count="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">four female</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens collected on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA5B165E4BDFC5EF0C7FBEB" box="[988,1162,1013,1039]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
; a subtropical island located in the South Pacific Ocean.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E50DFBBCF749FBD5" author="Dodd A. P." box="[620,772,1047,1073]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
highlighted the wing polymorphism in this species, stating that “of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA5B165E6C2FB93F614FBB6" box="[419,601,1080,1106]" count="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, three are apterous”. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E4ADFB93F029FBB7" author="Dodd A. P." box="[972,1124,1080,1107]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not explicitly state how the association of the two forms (apterous and macropterous) was made, based on the author’s statement “there appear to be no structural differences between the two forms”, it can be inferred that, as the only variation lies in the wing development, the author associated them due to the morphological similarity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFB54F7D9F9E0" blockId="29.[188,1399,1279,1541]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E7DCFB54F5CEFAFD" author="Naumann I. D." box="[189,387,1279,1305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref20943" refString="Naumann I. D. 1990. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip islands. Australian Entomological Magazine 17: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1990">Naumann (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that this species is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA5B165E455FB54F792FAFD" box="[820,991,1279,1305]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is known for submacropterous (probably brachypterous or micropterous forms) females and macropterous males. However, after an extensive literature review, we did not find the description of the males of this species, and as a result, they are considered unknown at this time. Interestingly, he mentioned that females are submacropterous. However, upon examination of the provided forewing drawings of females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E348FA2EF0AFFA7B" author="Naumann I. D." box="[1065,1250,1413,1439]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref20943" refString="Naumann I. D. 1990. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip islands. Australian Entomological Magazine 17: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1990">Naumann 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 21), it is evident that they possess wings typical of a macropterous pattern, similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E33AFA0CF08BFA25" box="[1115,1222,1447,1473]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Consequently, we found no evidence to support the presence of micropterous or brachypterous forms in this species, as observed in other species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA5B165E528FA40F6B9F9E0" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[585,756,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E528FA40F6B9F9E0" box="[585,756,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for instance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCF981F6F1F8E9" blockId="29.[186,1399,1578,1806]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
We did not have access to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E577F981F630F9A0" box="[534,637,1578,1604]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the apterous
|
||
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E427F981F7FBF9A0" box="[838,950,1578,1604]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E303F981F0B6F9A0" author="Dodd A. P." box="[1122,1275,1578,1604]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, it is probable that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E6D6F9E7F66AF982" box="[439,551,1612,1638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are micropterous, as reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA5B165E4D2F9E7F010F981" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[947,1117,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E4D2F9E7F010F981" box="[947,1117,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) and several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA5B165E65EF9C6F6D7F963" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[319,666,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E65EF9C6F592F963" box="[319,479,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sclerodermus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E688F9C6F6D7F963" author="Latreille P. A." box="[489,666,1645,1671]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref20751" refString="Latreille P. A. 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias desposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata, Vol. 4. Armand Koenig, Paris and Strasbourg [Parisiis et Argentorati]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65741" type="book" year="1809">Latreille, 1809</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E5BDF9C6F078F963" author="Azevedo C. O. & Colombo W. D." box="[732,1077,1645,1671]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="501 - 519" refId="ref18968" refString="Azevedo C. O. & Colombo W. D. 2022 b. Synopsis of the Neotropical Sclerodermus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of a new species attacking human beings. Zootaxa 5124: 501 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Azevedo & Colombo 2022b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, a thorough study of these specimens is necessary to confirm whether they exhibit microptery or aptery. In contrast, the apterous specimen (NHMUK 015663882) studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E414F91BF074F92E" author="Hawkins C. N." box="[885,1081,1712,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="865 - 902" refId="ref20147" refString="Hawkins C. N. 1942. LXX. The insects of Norfolk Island, including a preliminary report on a recent collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11 9: 865 - 902. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745481.1942.9755529" type="journal article" year="1942">Hawkins (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, upon closer examination, appears to be a macropterous specimen with a damaged wing, supported by the division of the mesonotum into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B166E7DCF89EF66EFEA2" blockId="29.[188,1400,1845,2012]" lastBlockId="30.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
We are considering the specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA5B165E5EFF89EF755F8AB" box="[654,792,1845,1871]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
(NHMUK 015663882) as belonging to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA5B165E7DFF8F2F538F896" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[190,373,1880,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E7DFF8F2F538F896" box="[190,373,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. norfolcensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite its head vertex being angled, in contrast to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E37DF8F3F0CEF896" box="[1052,1155,1880,1906]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and other
|
||
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E267F8F2F13BF897" box="[1286,1398,1881,1907]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
which have a rounded head vertex. This decision is supported by the consistent diagnostic morphology of the species, as listed in the Differential diagnosis section, which remains consistent across specimens. Furthermore, given the substantial volume of new material added compared to what was previously known about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA6B166E609FEA2F679FEC7" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[360,564,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaprosternum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is prudent, for the time being, to maintain this classification as belonging to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA6B166E7DCFEC6F148FE51" box="[189,1285,365,438]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA6B166E7DCFEC6F4B5FE63" blockId="30.[189,248,365,391]" box="[189,248,365,391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA6B166E7DCFEC6F4B5FE63" bold="true" box="[189,248,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA6B166E7DCFEC6F4B5FE63" bold="true" box="[189,248,365,391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Host</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA6B166E7DCFE30F148FE51" blockId="30.[189,1285,411,438]" box="[189,1285,411,438]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Probably parasitic on larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA6B166E54DFE30F727FE52" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[556,874,411,438]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
|
||
Coleoptera
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA6B166E5D5FE30F727FE52" author="Linnaeus C." box="[692,874,411,438]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref20804" refString="Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 Ed. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm [Holmiae]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">
|
||
Linnaeus,
|
||
<quantity id="31089B54FFA6B166E44EFE30F727FE52" box="[815,874,411,438]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46532" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1758.0">1758</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wood or litter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA6B166E35FFE30F0B5FE51" author="Naumann I. D." box="[1086,1272,411,437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref20943" refString="Naumann I. D. 1990. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip islands. Australian Entomological Magazine 17: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1990">Naumann 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA6B166E7DCFE77F6F6FDC0" box="[189,699,476,548]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA6B166E7DCFE77F51BFE12" blockId="30.[189,342,476,502]" box="[189,342,476,502]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA6B166E7DCFE77F51BFE12" bold="true" box="[189,342,476,502]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA6B166E7DCFE77F51BFE12" bold="true" box="[189,342,476,502]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA6B166E7DCFDA1F6F6FDC0" blockId="30.[189,699,522,548]" box="[189,699,522,548]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA6B166E7DCFDA1F564FDC0" box="[189,297,522,548]" name="Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA6B166E656FDA1F5ABFDC0" box="[311,486,522,548]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Queensland).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |