treatments-xml/data/7E/4A/B4/7E4AB4F0C74350389598D8BEEFF384DC.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f3d4c9e-33e0-4ca0-8e78-11b78478538a" ID-PMC="PMC7406542" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-70-89" ID-Pensoft-UUID="65FFE6B3A0F25CEF8D1B84BCEB9F6D24" ID-PubMed="32821216" ModsDocID="1314-4049-70-89" checkinTime="1596086616378" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huang, Hong-Yan, Zhao, Jie, Zhang, Ping, Ge, Zai-Wei, Li, Xian &amp; Tang, Li-Ping" docDate="2020" docId="7E4AB4F0C74350389598D8BEEFF384DC" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 70: 89-121" docOrigin="MycoKeys 70" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149" docTitle="Clavariadelphus amplus J. Zhao, L. P. Tang &amp; Z. W. Ge 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="65FFE6B3A0F25CEF8D1B84BCEB9F6D24" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="65FFE6B3A0F25CEF8D1B84BCEB9F6D24" masterDocTitle="The genus Clavariadelphus (Clavariadelphaceae, Gomphales) in China" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1668136509504" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The genus Clavariadelphus (Clavariadelphaceae, Gomphales) in China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Huang, Hong-Yan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhao, Jie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Ping</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ge, Zai-Wei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-4604</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Xian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">xianlikm@163.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tang, Li-Ping</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lipingtang11@qq.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>70</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>89</mods:start>
<mods:end>121</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-70-89</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">65FFE6B3A0F25CEF8D1B84BCEB9F6D24</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166017066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4AB4F0C74350389598D8BEEFF384DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E4AB4F0C74350389598D8BEEFF384DC" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
2. 
<taxonomicName LSID="7E4AB4F0-C743-5038-9598-D8BEEFF384DC" authority="J. Zhao, L. P. Tang &amp; Z. W. Ge" authorityName="J. Zhao, L. P. Tang &amp; Z. W. Ge" authorityYear="2020" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus amplus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="amplus" status="sp. nov.">Clavariadelphus amplus J. Zhao, L.P. Tang &amp; Z.W. Ge</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="89">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Clavariadelphus species in China. a C. alpinus (HKAS 57396, holotype) b, c C. amplus (HKAS 54876, holotype) d, e C. elongatus (d from HKAS 50742 e from HKAS 76589) f C. gansuensis (HKAS 76487, holotype) g C. himalayensis (HKAS 58811) h, i C. khinganensis (h from MHHNU 7789, holotype i from MHKMU H. Y. Huang 368) j C. sachalinensis (MHHNU 7816) k, l C. yunnanensis (k from HKAS 49398 l from HKAS 58789)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437013" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figs 2b, c</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Basidiospores of Clavariadelphus under light microscope. a C. alpinus (HKAS 57396, holotype) b C. amplus (HKAS 54876, holotype) c C. elongatus (HKAS 76589) d C. gansuensis (HKAS 76487, holotype) e C. himalayensis (HKAS 58811) f C. khinganensis (MHHNU 7789, holotype) g C. ligula (HKAS 35954) h C. sachalinensis (MHHNU 7816) i C. yunnanensis (HKAS 57659)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437014" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">, 3b</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Basidiospores of Clavariadelphus under SEM. a C. alpinus (HKAS 57396, holotype) b C. amplus (HKAS 54876, holotype) c C. elongatus (HKAS 76589) d C. gansuensis (HKAS 76487, holotype); e, f C. himalayensis (HKAS 58811) g C. khinganensis (MHHNU 7789, holotype) h C. yunnanensis (HKAS 57659)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437015" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">, 4b</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Hyphae of basal mycelium from Clavariadelphus under SEM. a C. alpinus (HKAS 57396, holotype) b C. amplus (HKAS 54876, holotype) c C. elongatus (HKAS 76589) d C. gansuensis (HKAS 76487, holotype) e C. himalayensis (HKAS 58811) f, g C. sachalinensis (f from HKAS 33844; g from MHHNU 7816) h C. yunnanensis (HKAS 57659)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437016" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">, 5b</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Microscopic features of Clavariadelphus amplus (HKAS 54876, holotype). a Leptocystidia and immature basidia b Basidia." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437018" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">, 7a, b.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
This species is unique in its pink-orange basidiomes with enlarged, truncate and sterile apices, ellipsoid basidiospores, hyphae of the basal mycelium with nipple-shaped protuberances and prism-like crystals and basidiomes turning cherry-red in KOH. It differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. truncatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="truncatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. truncatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="latter’s">latter's</normalizedToken>
darker coloured basidiomes, narrower apices and larger basidiospores.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437015" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Basidiospores of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Donk" authorityYear="1933" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under SEM. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">a</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 57396, holotype) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. amplus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 54876, holotype) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 76589) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">d</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gansuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gansuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. gansuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 76487, holotype); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">e, f</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. himalayensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. himalayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 58811) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">g</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. khinganensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="khinganensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. khinganensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MHHNU 7789, holotype) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. yunnanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 57659).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437016" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Hyphae of basal mycelium from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Donk" authorityYear="1933" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under SEM. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">a</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 57396, holotype) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. amplus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 54876, holotype) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 76589) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">d</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gansuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gansuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. gansuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 76487, holotype) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">e</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. himalayensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. himalayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 58811) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">f, g</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sachalinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. sachalinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">f</emphasis>
from HKAS 33844; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">g</emphasis>
from MHHNU 7816) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. yunnanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 57659).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Latin &quot; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="amplus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; refers to the enlargement of the apex of the basidiomes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName genus="Basidiomes" lsidName="Basidiomes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Basidiomes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to 15 cm high, 0.5-1 cm diam. at the base, enlarged upwards to 3-7.5 cm diam. near apex; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">hymenium</emphasis>
initially smooth, longitudinally rugulose in age, pruinose, pinkish-orange (7A5-7), paler downwards, greyish-orange (5B4-5); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">apex</emphasis>
initially obtuse or broadly rounded, finally truncate, depressed, surface rugose to rugulose, more or less darker than the hymenium, apricot-yellow (5B6-7) to pink-orange, reddish-orange (7A7-8) or red-orange (7B7-8) at maturity; surface slowly staining light brown or light leather-brown (7D6-7) to brown (7E6-7) when cut or bruised, staining more conspicuously downwards; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">base</emphasis>
simple, terete, nearly smooth, cylindrical to subcylindrical, pruinose; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">mycelial hyphae</emphasis>
interwoven, white; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">flesh</emphasis>
solid initially, then soft and spongy upwards as the apex enlarges, white, slowly staining light leather-brown (7D6-7) to brown (7E6-7) on exposure. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Odour</emphasis>
pleasant. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Taste</emphasis>
not distinctive. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Spore deposit</emphasis>
not recorded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Hymenium</emphasis>
limited to the sides of basidiomes, composed of basidia and leptocystidia; the apex of basidiomata is composed of sterile elements 18-28 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, clavate, thin-walled, smooth, clamped. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Basidia</emphasis>
85-95 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, (2-) 4-spored, sterigmata 9-11 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in length. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Basidiospores</emphasis>
[40/2/2] 8.2-11.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.1-6.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Q</emphasis>
= (1.36-) 1.38-2.00 (-2.18), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Q</emphasis>
m = 1.75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.17, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, ovate or amygdaliform, with a small apiculus, inamyloid, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, smooth. 
<taxonomicName genus="Leptocystidia" lsidName="Leptocystidia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Leptocystidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
45-70 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.8-3.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, scattered amongst and scarcely projecting beyond the basidia, cylindrical to narrowly clavate, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline, non-pigmented, clamped, inflated apically at maturity and at times, with apical or subapical branches. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Mycelial hyphae</emphasis>
2-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
diam., parallel, interwoven or aggregated into rhizomorphic strands, branched, clamped; walls thin or irregularly slightly thickened, the hyphal walls echinulate with light microscopy, covered with nipple-shaped protuberances, as well as encrusted with prism-like crystals (up to 6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long) that are insoluble in KOH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="chemical reactions">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Chemical reactions.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
(dried basidiomes): FeCl3 = positive, green-yellow; KOH = positive, cherry-red or pink; NH4OH = positive, golden-rod or vivid yellow; phenol = positive, light yellow; ethanol, FeSO4, and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Melzer’s">Melzer's</normalizedToken>
reagent = negative.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Known distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
NW China and SW China, and India. Gregarious habit on the ground in conifer or mixed conifer forests (e.g. 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.) at elevations ranging from 3000-3950 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
China. Gansu Province: Zhouqu Prefecture, under 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., 6 August 2005, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">X.T. Zhu 728</emphasis>
(HKAS 76577). Qinghai Province: Qilian mountains, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="6.00" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="38.1">38°6.00'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="7.03" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.117165">100°7.03'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 3000 m, 21 August 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">H.A Wen 4305</emphasis>
(HMAS 132008); same location and date, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Q.B. Wang 438</emphasis>
(HMAS 97090). Sichuan Province: Seda Prefecture, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forests, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="43.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="31.72">31°43.20'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="43.17" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.7195">100°43.17'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 3775-3925 m, 6 August 2005, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Z.W. Ge 783</emphasis>
(HKAS 49278); Litang Prefecture, 5 August 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Z.W. Ge 1712</emphasis>
(HKAS 53797). Tibet: Linzhi City, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="20.07" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="29.3345">29°20.07'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="094" direction="east" minutes="18.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="94.3">094°18.00'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 3850 m, 19 July 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Y.H. Wang 125</emphasis>
(HMAS 97248); Jilong Prefecture, on the ground in coniferous woods, 12 September 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J.Y. Zhuang 3814</emphasis>
(HMAS 59867); Chengdu City, under forests dominated by 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="30.43" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="31.507166">31°30.43'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="097" direction="east" minutes="20.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="97.3345">097°20.07'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 3480-3550 m, 17 August 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Z.W. Ge 381</emphasis>
(HKAS 46160); Riwoqe Prefecture, under 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="14.27" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="31.237833">31°14.27'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="096" direction="east" minutes="31.92" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="96.532">096°31.92'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 3890 m, 12 August 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Z.W. Ge 340</emphasis>
(HKAS 46120). Yunnan Province: Shangri-La Prefecture, Haba Snow Mountains, alt. 2800 m, 15 August 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">L.P. Tang 645</emphasis>
(HKAS 54876, 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Holotype</emphasis>
); Shangri-La Prefecture, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="28.13" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="27.468834">27°28.13'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="099" direction="east" minutes="25.03" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="99.41717">099°25.03'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 3600 m, 15 August 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">T.Z. Wei</emphasis>
172 (HMAS 250466).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Zhao, L. P. Tang &amp; Z. W. Ge" authorityYear="2020" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus amplus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctive by its pink-orange to red-orange, bright basidiomes, obviously enlarged, truncate, depressed, sterile apices (up to 7.5 m diam.) at maturity, large basidiospores (8.2-11.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.1-6.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
), gregarious habit at high elevations, base mycelial hyphae with nipple-shaped protuberances and prism-like crystals and a cherry-red staining reaction to KOH. It is sold as an edible mushroom in markets in SW China. This taxon has a wide distribution in NW and SW China, including Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan Provinces. The data from GenBank (accession MT012805) also indicated its distribution of India.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
This species was previously referred to as either 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pallido-incarnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="pallido-incarnatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. pallido-incarnatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Yuan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B44" refString="Yuan, MS, Sun, PQ, 1995. Sichuan mushrooms. Sichuan Science &amp; Technology Press, Chengdu. [in Chinese]" title="Sichuan mushrooms. Sichuan Science &amp; Technology Press, Chengdu. [in Chinese]" year="1995">Yuan and Sun 1995</bibRefCitation>
) or 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. truncatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="truncatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. truncatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Mao, XL" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B20" refString="Mao, XL, Jiang, CP, Ou Zhu, CW, 1993. Economic macrofungi of Tibet. Beijing Science and Technology Press. [in Chinese]" title="Economic macrofungi of Tibet. Beijing Science and Technology Press. [in Chinese]" year="1993">Mao et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Zang, M" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B45" refString="Zang, M, 1996. Fungi of Hengduan Mountains. Science &amp; Technology Press, Beijing. [in Chinese]" title="Fungi of Hengduan Mountains. Science &amp; Technology Press, Beijing. [in Chinese]" year="1996">Zang 1996</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Mao, XL" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B19" refString="Mao, XL, 2009. Mushrooms of China. Science Press, Beijing. [in Chinese]" title="Mushrooms of China. Science Press, Beijing. [in Chinese]" year="2009">Mao 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tang, LP" journalOrPublisher="Resource Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="282 - 295" refId="B39" refString="Tang, LP, Yang, ZL, 2014. Recent studies on species diversity of fungi in the Lancang-Mekong River watershed. Resource Science 36: 282 - 295" title="Recent studies on species diversity of fungi in the Lancang-Mekong River watershed." volume="36" year="2014">Tang and Yang 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tang, LP" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung C" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B36" refString="Tang, LP, 2015. Atlas of higher fungi from Lancang River Valley. Yunnan Science &amp; Technology Press, Kunming. [in Chinese]" title="Atlas of higher fungi from Lancang River Valley. Yunnan Science &amp; Technology Press, Kunming. [in Chinese]" year="2015">Tang 2015</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus pallido-incarnatus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pallido-incarnatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus pallido-incarnatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species described from the Pacific Northwest in North America, has pale pinkish-cinnamon basidiomes with fertile, non-truncated apices, no reactivity to KOH and habitat preference for coastal forests of 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Sequoia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sequoia sempervirens" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Sequoia sempervirens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea sitchensis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sitchensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea sitchensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Methven, AS" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B22" refString="Methven, AS, 1990. The genus Clavariadelphus in North America. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart." title="The genus Clavariadelphus in North America. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart." year="1990">Methven 1990</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus truncatus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="truncatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus truncatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Europe is readily confused with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. amplus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as they have similar size and truncate sterile apex. However, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. truncatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="truncatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. truncatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dark coloured basidiomes from yellow to cinnamon-brown or brown, narrower apices (up to 3.5 cm) and larger basidiospores (10.3-12.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.5-7.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
from neotype; 
<bibRefCitation author="Methven, AS" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B22" refString="Methven, AS, 1990. The genus Clavariadelphus in North America. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart." title="The genus Clavariadelphus in North America. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart." year="1990">Methven 1990</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Corner" authorityYear="1950" baseAuthorityName="Berk. &amp; Ravenel" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus unicolor" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="unicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus unicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Berk. &amp; Ravenel) Corner, is also from North America and has enlarged sterile apices, but it is distinct in its reddish-brown to violet-brown basidiomes, narrow basidiospores with 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Q</emphasis>
m 2.1, a golden-yellow reaction to KOH and association with deciduous trees (
<bibRefCitation author="Methven, AS" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B22" refString="Methven, AS, 1990. The genus Clavariadelphus in North America. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart." title="The genus Clavariadelphus in North America. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart." year="1990">Methven 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
So far, there are two species with sterile apices found in China, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. amplus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gansuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gansuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. gansuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gansuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gansuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. gansuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a narrower apex (up 1.6 cm), slightly broader basidiospores with a lower Q value (8.3-10.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.3-6.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Q</emphasis>
= 1.47 -1.78, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Q</emphasis>
m = 1.60) and a solitary growth habit. Except for the mentioned species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. amplus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pakistanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="pakistanicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. pakistanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanif &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2014" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus pakistanicus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pakistanicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus pakistanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, another species also from Asia, is distinct in smaller basidiomes (up to 12 cm high), with narrower fertile apices (up to 1.4 cm), smaller basidiospores (7.5-9.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.0-5.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
), solitary growth habit at lower elevations and violet-brown staining reactions to KOH (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0073" author="Hanif, M" journalOrPublisher="Botany-botanique" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="471 - 476" refId="B11" refString="Hanif, M, Khalid, AN, Exeter, RL, 2014. Clavariadelphus pakistanicus sp. nov., a new club fungus (Basidiomycota: Gomphales) from Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan. Botany-botanique 92: 471 - 476, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0073" title="Clavariadelphus pakistanicus sp. nov., a new club fungus (Basidiomycota: Gomphales) from Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0073" volume="92" year="2014">Hanif et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
In the ITS tree, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. amplus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a sister relationship with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pakistanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="pakistanicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. pakistanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with strong support (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clavariadelphus based on ITS sequence data. RAxML BP values (≥ 50 %) are shown above branches, Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.90) are shown above branches; new taxa are marked in red." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437012" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437017" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Microscopic features of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Zhao &amp; L. P. Tang" authorityYear="2020" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus alpinus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 57396, holotype). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">a</emphasis>
Basidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="Leptocystidia" lsidName="Leptocystidia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">Leptocystidia</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437018" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Microscopic features of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Zhao, L. P. Tang &amp; Z. W. Ge" authorityYear="2020" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Clavariadelphaceae" genus="Clavariadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Clavariadelphus amplus" order="Gomphales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="amplus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clavariadelphus amplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 54876, holotype). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">a</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="Leptocystidia" lsidName="Leptocystidia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">Leptocystidia</taxonomicName>
and immature basidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">b</emphasis>
Basidia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>