542 lines
67 KiB
XML
542 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="49F5F497C12ACD8C49584B03A0D707DA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3887.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70dcb503-028c-4c34-9034-f82bbf12e137" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250428" ID-ZooBank="06CD5DE9-10BE-4DFF-8E5E-FD27808DA6E7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460979868216" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Riva, Ignacio De La & Burrowes, Patricia A." docDate="2014" docId="7E3187FAFFD35604FF464F8BAA0CFDE3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03887p470.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3887 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psychrophrynella teqta Riva & Burrowes, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DCFD9868-A7F2-402F-A3B2-A0392C6D3846" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="468" masterDocId="8208FF82FFD2560DFFD14B7BAF19FFDE" masterDocTitle="A new species of Psychrophrynella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Cordillera Real, Department La Paz, Bolivia" masterLastPageNumber="470" masterPageNumber="459" pageNumber="460" updateTime="1698560070812" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C8B9633328C3D7D49339ECD8F6474B2D">
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<mods:title id="EBFFAA93B3FA28240FF2182A4406D3D4">A new species of Psychrophrynella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Cordillera Real, Department La Paz, Bolivia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9F7CC2289406FA9D9BF33D04D6B867C6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8A216B4FBA1A7967421E7B573930DEA5">Riva, Ignacio De La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A7D50EF80608D70B8BDCBAA49923BBF6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B0A86834F670FC51E9B6601EF8F2E954">Burrowes, Patricia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E97255FD6CC46960FC5845C2AACD5BFD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1C1A50EE264D71041E9C1D6F54A431A8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8FBFE667AFA8606CF816EEECE7E4DB52">
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<mods:date id="923A0B16BCF4C9208E6A3AC99F106490">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="27C1BEFD451C5374E3F6D9BDB468B436">3887</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C04B4C94AD6C204C0AE85CFFF3D4DA77" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3887.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E3187FAFFD35604FF464F8BAA0CFDE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667655" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119594510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667655" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DCFD9868-A7F2-402F-A3B2-A0392C6D3846" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E3187FAFFD35604FF464F8BAA0CFDE3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<subSubSection id="BE826567FFD3560CFF464F8BAE37FAF3" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD3560CFF464F8BAD03FAD5" blockId="1.[151,538,1264,1325]" box="[151,538,1264,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<heading id="AD6F8180FFD3560CFF464F8BAD03FAD5" bold="true" box="[151,538,1264,1291]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFF464F8BAD03FAD5" bold="true" box="[151,538,1264,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFF464F8BAEACFAD4" bold="true" box="[151,437,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFF464F8BAEB7FAD4" box="[151,430,1264,1290]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta" status="sp. nov.">Psychrophrynella teqta</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFDF5785FFD3560CFE6D4F8AAD03FAD5" box="[444,538,1265,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD3560CFF464E6FAE37FAF3" blockId="1.[151,538,1264,1325]" box="[151,302,1300,1325]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA32A69FFD3560CFF4E4E6FAE13FAF2" box="[159,266,1300,1325]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1359,267,1774]" captionTargetBox-1="[226,1359,193,1698]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[226,1360,267,1775]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1699]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Dorsolateral and ventral view of the living holotype of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. (CBF 6725; SVL 26.1 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Variation in color pattern of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. Dorsolateral and ventral views of A: MNCN 45704 (female; SVL 27.8 mm); B: CBF 6726 (male, 23.6 mm SVL); C: CBF 6727 (female, 27.2 mm SVL); D: CBF 6728 (female, 25.8 mm SVL)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/250429/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/250430/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6EA32A69FFD3560CFEC74E6FAE3DFAF3" box="[278,292,1300,1325]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[168,1404,1141,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[168,1404,1141,1962]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. (MNCN 45073) guarding eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">5</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BE826567FFD3560CFF464E27AE67F9F6" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD3560CFF464E27AEA0FA62" blockId="1.[151,1437,1372,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFF464E27AE12FAAB" bold="true" box="[151,267,1372,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD3560CFF464E27AE1FFAAB" box="[151,262,1372,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="9089AE29FFD3560CFEC54E27AE50FAAA" box="[276,329,1372,1396]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ky5m-b42n" name="Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">CBF</collectionCode>
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6725 (field tag 4421), an adult female from Pablo Amaya, Provincia Larecaja, Departament La Paz,
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<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD3560CFF1C4E04AE39FA46" box="[205,288,1407,1432]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="93AC502BFFD3560CFEFE4E04AEC4FA46" box="[303,477,1407,1432]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" precision="1" value="-15.981263">15º58’52.55” S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="93AC502BFFD3560CFE3B4E04AD8FFA46" box="[490,662,1407,1432]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" precision="1" value="-68.205444">68º12’19.6” W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="31609B09FFD3560CFD784EFBAC1CFA46" box="[681,773,1407,1432]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</quantity>
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.a.s.l., collected on
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<date id="8226102CFFD3560CFC074E04ABB9FA46" box="[982,1184,1407,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" value="2012-11-06">6 November 2012</date>
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by Ignacio
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<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD3560CFAF44EFBAA5FFA49" box="[1317,1350,1408,1431]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">De</collectingCountry>
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la Riva and Patricia A. Burrowes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD3560CFF164EBCAE67F9F6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1372,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFF164EBCAE5FFA3E" bold="true" box="[199,326,1479,1504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD3560CFF164EBCAE58FA3E" box="[199,321,1479,1504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="9089AE29FFD3560CFE9C4EB3AE9BFA3E" box="[333,386,1480,1504]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ky5m-b42n" name="Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">CBF</collectionCode>
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6726 (4415) and
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<collectionCode id="9089AE29FFD3560CFD9D4EB3ADB9FA3E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[588,672,1480,1504]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">MNCN</collectionCode>
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45702–3 (4413, 4414), adult males;
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<collectionCode id="9089AE29FFD3560CFB934EB3AB6EFA3E" box="[1090,1143,1480,1504]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ky5m-b42n" name="Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">CBF</collectionCode>
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6727–8 (4417, 4422) and
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<collectionCode id="9089AE29FFD3560CFF464E97AFF2F9DA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[151,235,1516,1540]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">MNCN</collectionCode>
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45704–5 (4416, 4418), adult females; and
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<collectionCode id="9089AE29FFD3560CFD0E4E97AC0DF9DA" box="[735,788,1516,1540]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ky5m-b42n" name="Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">CBF</collectionCode>
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6729 (4420) and
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<collectionCode id="9089AE29FFD3560CFC344E97AB20F9DA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[997,1081,1516,1540]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">MNCN</collectionCode>
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45706 (4419), juveniles, same data as the
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<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD3560CFEC54D74AE63F9F6" box="[276,378,1551,1576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BE826567FFD35609FF164D4FAB29FE0E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD3560FFF164D4FADCFFF0B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1372,2009]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFF164D4FAE58F993" bold="true" box="[199,321,1588,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A member of
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<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFE304D4FAD92F993" box="[481,651,1588,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Craugastoridae</taxonomicName>
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assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFC554D4FAB53F992" box="[900,1098,1588,1612]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFC554D4FAB53F992" box="[900,1098,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Psychrophrynella</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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based on biogeographical and morphological grounds. Two other genera of
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<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFD4E4D2CAC22F9AE" box="[671,827,1623,1648]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Holoadeninae">Holoadeninae</taxonomicName>
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||
(sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="92094B1DFFD3560CFC444D2CAB78F9AE" author="Padial" box="[917,1121,1623,1648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Padial, J. M., Grant, T. & Frost, D. R. (2014) Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa, 3825, 1 - 132. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3825.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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||
Padial
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||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFC354D22AB07F9AE" box="[996,1054,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2014
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) occur in
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<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD3560CFB094D2CAA36F9AE" box="[1240,1327,1623,1648]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
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||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFAED4D23AA85F9AE" box="[1340,1436,1624,1648]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFAED4D23AA85F9AE" box="[1340,1436,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Noblella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFF1D4D07AE59F94A" box="[204,320,1660,1684]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFF1D4D07AE59F94A" box="[204,320,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Oreobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFE854D07AEACF94A" box="[340,437,1660,1684]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFE854D07AEACF94A" box="[340,437,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Noblella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has terminal phalanges narrowly T-shaped, discs and distal circumferential grooves present distally, and tips of at least toes III and IV acuminate (terminal phalanges knob-shaped, circumferential grooves absent, and tips of all digits rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFD7C4DBFAC6AF902" box="[685,883,1732,1756]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFD7C4DBFAC6AF902" box="[685,883,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Psychrophrynella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFC5A4DBFACE6F902" box="[907,1023,1732,1756]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Oreobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFC5A4DBFACE6F902" box="[907,1023,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Oreobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dentigerous processes of vomers prominent (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFE434D93AD41F8DE" box="[402,600,1768,1792]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFE434D93AD41F8DE" box="[402,600,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Psychrophrynella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92094B1DFFD3560CFDA54D9CAC94F8DE" author="Duellman" box="[628,909,1767,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Lehr, E. (2009) Terestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Nature und Tier Verlag, Munster, Germany, 384 pp." type="book" year="2009">Duellman & Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD3560CFC754D93ABB4F8DE" box="[932,1197,1768,1792]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD3560CFC754D93ABB4F8DE" box="[932,1197,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) medium size (maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD3560CFC684C77AB38F8FA" box="[953,1057,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" unit="mm" value="27.8">27.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), body robust, legs short (average TL + FL between 69.8–75.7% SVL; n = 8); (2) tympanic membrane absent, tympanic annulus present, visible under the skin; (3) first finger slightly shorter than second; (4) tips of digits slightly swollen, not expanded laterally; (5) webbing of toes and lateral fringes absent; (6) two metatarsal tubercles, tarsal fold absent; (7) dorsal skin and flanks shagreen to pustulate; dorsolateral folds irregular, reaching midbody; ventral skin areolate; (8) snout rounded in dorsal view and in profile; (9) color on dorsum variable, from dark brown to beige, with or without irregular cream, reddish-brown blotches; (10) color on venter variable, from dark brown to cream, with a pattern of irregular blotches cream, yellow, or gray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A2E76664FFD0560FFF464C7CAFD7F8E5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250429/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" targetBox="[226,1359,267,1774]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD0560FFF464C7CAFD7F8E5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1799,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD0560FFF464C7CAE0CF8C2" bold="true" box="[151,277,1799,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral and ventral view of the living holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD0560FFCB04C7CAB56F8C3" box="[865,1103,1799,1821]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD0560FFCB04C7CAB56F8C3" box="[865,1103,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFDF5785FFD0560FFB894C7CABB2F8C2" box="[1112,1195,1799,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD0560FFB894C7CABB2F8C2" bold="true" box="[1112,1195,1799,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(CBF 6725; SVL 26.1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A2E76664FFD1560EFF464DC3AE2FF8D5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" targetBox="[226,1359,193,1698]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD1560EFF464DC3AE2FF8D5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1720,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFF464DC3AE0AF913" bold="true" box="[151,275,1720,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD1560EFDEE4DC3AC35F911" box="[575,812,1720,1743]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFDEE4DC3AC35F911" box="[575,812,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFDF5785FFD1560EFCE24DC2AC9CF910" box="[819,901,1721,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFCE24DC2AC9CF910" bold="true" box="[819,901,1721,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Dorsolateral and ventral views of A: MNCN 45704 (female; SVL 27.8 mm); B: CBF 6726 (male, 23.6 mm SVL); C: CBF 6727 (female, 27.2 mm SVL); D: CBF 6728 (female, 25.8 mm SVL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD15609FF164C48AB29FE0E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1843,2012]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD1560EFF164C48AED6F895" box="[199,463,1843,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFF164C48AED6F895" box="[199,463,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from other species in the genus for which the call is known, by its pulsed call. Regarding morphology and coloration, the new species is superficially similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD1560EFB634C23AA82F8AE" authority="Parker" authorityName="Parker" box="[1202,1435,1879,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFB634C23AA21F8B1" box="[1202,1336,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">P. wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
(Parker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD1560EFF1D4C07AE4EF84D" box="[204,343,1915,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condoriri">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFF1D4C07AE4EF84D" box="[204,343,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">P. condoriri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD1560EFEBD4C07AE97F84A" box="[364,398,1916,1940]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
la Riva, Aguayo and Padial), which furthermore are species whose
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD1560EFB1B4C07ABE3F84A" box="[1226,1274,1916,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities are geographically close to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFE284CDBAD4FF869" box="[505,598,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD1560EFE284CDBAD48F869" box="[505,593,1952,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta">P. teqta</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD1560EFBCD4CDBABBCF869" box="[1052,1189,1952,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFBCD4CDBABBCF869" box="[1052,1189,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">P. wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mostly by its smaller size (maximum SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD1560EFE7B4CBFAD2BF805" box="[426,562,1988,2011]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFE7B4CBFAD2BF805" box="[426,562,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">P. wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD1560EFDEA4CBFADBAF802" box="[571,675,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" unit="mm" value="33.4">33.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and shorter legs (TL + FL> 80% SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD1560EFB444CBFAA07F805" box="[1173,1310,1988,2011]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD1560EFB444CBFAA07F805" box="[1173,1310,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">P. wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the color pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD65609FEDB4BE2AE8BFF71" box="[266,402,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FEDB4BE2AE8BFF71" box="[266,402,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">P. wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mostly gray or reddish-brown above with or without pale spots and ventrally cream with reddish-brown spots or reticulations, while in
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FD704BC6ADEBFF0A" box="[673,754,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">P. t e q t a</emphasis>
|
||
coloration is extremely variable and often there are reddish and yellow blotches, which are never present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD65609FD674B9AAC27FF29" box="[694,830,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wettsteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FD674B9AAC27FF29" box="[694,830,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">P. wettsteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FC414B9AAB05FF26" box="[912,1052,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD65609FC414B9AAB01FF26" box="[912,1048,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condoriri">P. condoriri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the new species differs mostly by having dorsal skin shagreen or rugose (mostly smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD65609FCC64A7EAC84FEC2" box="[791,925,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condoriri">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FCC64A7EAC84FEC2" box="[791,925,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">P. condoriri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a variable color pattern both on dorsum and venter, including reddish and yellow blotches (dorsum brown with diffuse darker areas, venter gray with brown markings). The small species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD65609FE354A36AD63FEBA" box="[484,634,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chacaltaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FE354A36AD63FEBA" box="[484,634,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">P. chacaltaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD65609FD584A37ADB2FEBA" box="[649,683,332,356]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
la Riva, Padial and Cortéz) is found in the upper Zongo Valley, not far from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD65609FEF64A0BAE4EFE56" box="[295,343,368,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FE0D4A0AAD2EFE56" box="[476,567,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD65609FE0D4A0AAD2DFE56" box="[476,564,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta">P. teqta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and it is easily distinguishable from the new species by being much smaller (maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD65609FE8A4AEFAEDFFE72" box="[347,454,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="20.4">20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and having a different color pattern, consisting of dorsum dark grayish-brown with darker marks and venter uniformly cream or brown with irregular brown blotches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE826567FFD65608FF164AA7AEDCFD5B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD65609FF164AA7AC49FBEA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FF164AA7AD0CFE2B" bold="true" box="[199,533,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD65609FE764AA7AD09FE2B" box="[423,528,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body robust; dorsal skin covered with many small pustules, more abundant on flanks, posterior part of body, and upper surface of thighs; a pair of dorsolateral folds reaching midbody (pustules and dorsolateral folds barely visible in preservative for changes in skin texture); ventral skin areolate; no thoracic or discoidal fold; a pelvic patch on lower surfaces of thighs, rugose, slightly swollen. Head wider than long, its width 35.6% of SVL; head length 27.9% of SVL; snout moderately long, slightly rounded in dorsal view and in profile; nostrils not protuberant, directed laterally, closer to snout than to eyes; canthus rostralis poorly marked, straight, convex in dorsal view and in profile; eye-nostril distance 84.6% of eye length; loreal region barely concave, interorbital region flat, lacking cranial crests; tubercles on upper eyelid absent; tympanic membrane absent, two lower thirds of tympanic annulus slightly noticeable under the skin; supratympanic fold short, weak, poorly marked; no postrictal tubercles or glands; tongue large, oval; choanae oval, small, widely spaced; vomerine odontophores absent. Limbs moderately short; tips of digits slightly swollen, not expanded laterally; ulnar tubercle and fold absent; inner palmar tubercle single, oval, poorly defined, smaller than round outer; fingers not fringed; subarticular tubercles round, poorly defined; supernumerary tubercles, round, small; first finger slightly shorter than second, relative length of fingers 1<2<4<3; tibia length 34.8% of SVL; tarsus lacking tubercle and fold; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, larger than round, poorly defined outer; plantar surface smooth, no supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles round, slightly swollen; toes moderately long and slender, not webbed or fringed; relative length of toes 1<2<3<5<4; foot length 37.9% of SVL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD65609FF164F44AFD8FBA2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FF164F44AD85FB86" bold="true" box="[199,668,1087,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD65609FDFF4F44AD8EFB86" box="[558,663,1087,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 26.1; HL 7.3; HW 9.3;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD65609FC344F3BAB0EFB89" box="[997,1047,1088,1111]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">IND</collectingCountry>
|
||
2.3;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD65609FB9E4F3BAB90FB89" box="[1103,1161,1088,1111]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">END</collectingCountry>
|
||
2.2; ED 2.6; TL 9.1; FL 9.9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD65609FF164FFCAA5BF9F2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FF164FFCAE09FB7E" bold="true" box="[199,272,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
In life, upper surfaces of body, head and limbs black; a few pinky-cream, irregular blotches on dorsum and upper parts of flanks; creamy-yellow stripes on the upper edge of canthus rostralis, converging on the snout and forming and inverted V from above; upper lip and post-commissural areas pale yellow; diffuse brown areas on upper surfaces of forearms; venter and throat black with large, creamy-yellow blotches forming an irregular pattern, becoming greenish-beige on belly; a blotch of this same color on the lower surface of each limb; lower surface of thighs pale brown, with a reddish-brown, rugose pelvic patch; ventral surfaces of digits and inner part of palms fleshy; iris greenish-brown, heavily reticulated in black, especially on the lower two thirds. In preservative, dorsum, head, and upper parts of the extremities dark brown, with irregular areas slightly paler; gray, cream, and pinky cream irregular blotches on dorsolateral areas and flanks; gray stripes bordering the canthus rostralis above; upper lip and post-commissural area pale cream, with a fine dark brown line on the rim of the lip; diffuse brown areas on upper surfaces of forearms; throat and venter dark brown, almost black, with large cream blotches forming an irregular pattern; lower thighs pale brown; ventral surfaces of digits and inner part of palms pale cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD65608FF164D4CAEDCFD5B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD65609FF164D4CAE22F98E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric variation is given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="BB1A0357FFD65609FD044D4CAC31F98E" box="[725,808,1591,1616]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,692,715]" captionTargetBox="[159,1261,774,1334]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. Means followed by ranges in parentheses. For abbreviations, see text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A2E76664FFD75608FF4649CFAE95FD34" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" tableUuid="A2E76664FFD75608FF4649CFAE95FD34">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Males lack nuptial pads, and have small vocal slits and a rugose, moderately developed, subgular vocal sac. Variation in color pattern is highly remarkable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA32A69FFD65609FADC4D27AA4DF9AA" box="[1293,1364,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1699]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Variation in color pattern of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. Dorsolateral and ventral views of A: MNCN 45704 (female; SVL 27.8 mm); B: CBF 6726 (male, 23.6 mm SVL); C: CBF 6727 (female, 27.2 mm SVL); D: CBF 6728 (female, 25.8 mm SVL)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250430/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
; notes based on coloration in life). The male MNCN 45702 has upper parts, throat and lower surfaces of limbs dark brown; there is a greenish-beige line along the lower jaw; the venter is reddish-brown with large, irregular, bluishgray blotches. The male MNCN 45703 is pale brown above, with flanks reddish-beige with a reticulated pattern of dark brown dots and blotches, all interconnected; there is a black supratympanic stripe; the throat is bluish-gray, densely pigmented with dark brown; the venter is dark brown with small, scattered, irregular dark brown blotches. The male CBF 6726 is pale brown above, with a black vertebral stripe and black irregular blotches forming an Xshaped dorsal pattern; there is a black line from the tip of the snout to the shoulder, across the canthus rostralis, the eye, and the supartympanic region; the flanks have an irregular pattern of black and golden-beige blotches; the venter is bluish-gray with large black blotches, and the throat is dark brown with bluish-gray flecks. Two large females—CBF 6727 and MNCN 45705—are, overall, similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD65609FC4E4CBFAB1DF803" box="[927,1028,1988,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but the former has a fine, greenishbeige vertebral stripe, and the lower parts of head and body are black with irregular, greenish-beige blotches (forming a longitudinal stripe on the throat); there are orange-beige blotches over the insertion of the forearms and on the posterior part of the flanks; a reddish line is present along the posterior surfaces of thighs, meeting on the cloacal region, where they form a heart-like shape. The female CBF 6728 is uniformly dark brown, almost black above, with irregular, reddish-brown blotches on dorsum and flanks; the throat is reddish-beige and the venter is greenish-beige with black. A specimen with a remarkable pattern is the female MNCN 45704, which is olivebrown above, and has reddish flanks with a finely reticulated, brown pattern; there is a fine, beige vertebral stripe starting on the tip of the snout; the throat, chest, and venter are greenish-beige with broad, reticulated, dark brown blotches; the same reticulated pattern appears on the lower surface of limbs, encircling reddish blotches; there is a reddish-brown line along the posterior surface of the thighs. The two juveniles collected are equally variable. MNCN 45706 is pale reddish-brown above with diffuse areas olive-brown, and the flanks are dark brown with pale red spots on the inguinal region; the toe tips are red. CBF 6729 is dark brown dorsally, with a fine, pale beige vertebral stripe; there is a fine reddish line along the posterior surface of thighs, converging at the cloacal region, forming a heart-like shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="A2E76664FFD75608FF4649CFAE95FD34" ID-Table-UUID="A2E76664FFD75608FF4649CFAE95FD34" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A2E76664FFD75608FF4649CFAE95FD34" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" targetBox="[159,1261,774,1334]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD75608FF4649CFAE95FD34" blockId="5.[151,1436,691,747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FF4649CFAE0AFD15" bold="true" box="[151,275,692,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FE2D49C8ADE4FD15" box="[508,765,691,715]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FE2D49C8ADE4FD15" box="[508,765,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFDF5785FFD75608FCDC49CFAC75FD15" box="[781,876,692,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FCDC49CFAC75FD15" bold="true" box="[781,876,692,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Means followed by ranges in parentheses. For abbreviations, see text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD75608FF4E487DABC1FAE8" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<table id="8498C44CFFD7A9F2FF4E487DABF4FAE8" box="[159,1261,774,1334]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E487DABF4FCC2" box="[159,1261,774,796]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E487DAE18FCC2" box="[159,257,774,796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF9487DADE2FCC2" box="[552,763,774,796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Adult Females (n=5)</th>
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE1487DABF4FCC2" box="[1072,1261,774,796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Adult Males (n=3)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E484BABF4FC98" box="[159,1261,816,838]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E484BAE18FC98" box="[159,257,816,838]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF9484BADE2FC98" box="[552,763,816,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">26.8 (25.8–27.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE1484BABF4FC98" box="[1072,1261,816,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">23.2 (22.7–23.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4822ABF4FCB1" box="[159,1261,857,879]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4822AE18FCB1" box="[159,257,857,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">HL</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94822ADE2FCB1" box="[552,763,857,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">7.1 (6.7–7.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14822ABF4FCB1" box="[1072,1261,857,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">6.2 (6.1–6.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E48F9ABF4FC46" box="[159,1261,898,920]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E48F9AE18FC46" box="[159,257,898,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF948F9ADE2FC46" box="[552,763,898,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">8.9 (8.4–9.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE148F9ABF4FC46" box="[1072,1261,898,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">8.0 (7.4–8.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E48D7ABF4FC1C" box="[159,1261,940,962]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E48D7AE18FC1C" box="[159,257,940,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF948D7ADE2FC1C" box="[552,763,940,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">2.2 (1.9–2.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE148D7ABF4FC1C" box="[1072,1261,940,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">1.9 (1.8–2.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E48AEABF4FC35" box="[159,1261,981,1003]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E48AEAE18FC35" box="[159,257,981,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">END</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF948AEADE2FC35" box="[552,763,981,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">2.1 (2.1–2.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE148AEABF4FC35" box="[1072,1261,981,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">1.7 (1.5–1.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4885ABF4FBCA" box="[159,1261,1022,1044]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4885AE18FBCA" box="[159,257,1022,1044]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">ED</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94885ADE2FBCA" box="[552,763,1022,1044]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">2.4 (2.2–2.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14885ABF4FBCA" box="[1072,1261,1022,1044]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">2.1 (1.9–2.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4F53ABF4FBE0" box="[159,1261,1064,1086]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4F53AE18FBE0" box="[159,257,1064,1086]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">TL</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94F53ADE2FBE0" box="[552,763,1064,1086]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">9.4 (9.1–9.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14F53ABF4FBE0" box="[1072,1261,1064,1086]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">8.1 (7.7–8.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4F2AABF4FBB9" box="[159,1261,1105,1127]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4F2AAE18FBB9" box="[159,257,1105,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">FL</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94F2AADE2FBB9" box="[552,763,1105,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">10.2 (9.7–11.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14F2AABF4FBB9" box="[1072,1261,1105,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">9.0 (8.7–9.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4F01ABF4FB4E" box="[159,1261,1146,1168]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4F01AE18FB4E" box="[159,257,1146,1168]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">HL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94F01ADE2FB4E" box="[552,763,1146,1168]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.26 (0.25–0.27)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14F01ABF4FB4E" box="[1072,1261,1146,1168]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.26 (0.26–0.27)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4FDFABF4FB64" box="[159,1261,1188,1210]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4FDFAE18FB64" box="[159,257,1188,1210]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">HW/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94FDFADE2FB64" box="[552,763,1188,1210]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.33 (0.31–0.35)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14FDFABF4FB64" box="[1072,1261,1188,1210]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.34 (0.31–0.37)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4FB6ABF4FB3D" box="[159,1261,1229,1251]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4FB6AE18FB3D" box="[159,257,1229,1251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">END/ED</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94FB6ADE2FB3D" box="[552,763,1229,1251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.90 (0.84–0.95)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14FB6ABF4FB3D" box="[1072,1261,1229,1251]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.82 (0.68–0.94)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4F8DABF4FAD2" box="[159,1261,1270,1292]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4F8DAE18FAD2" box="[159,257,1270,1292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">TL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94F8DADE2FAD2" box="[552,763,1270,1292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.34 (0.34–0.36)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14F8DABF4FAD2" box="[1072,1261,1270,1292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.34 (0.33–0.36)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="48A834AEFFD7A9F2FF4E4E5BABF4FAE8" box="[159,1261,1312,1334]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<th id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FF4E4E5BAE18FAE8" box="[159,257,1312,1334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">FL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FDF94E5BADE2FAE8" box="[552,763,1312,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.37 (0.35–0.39)</td>
|
||
<td id="0B795DD2FFD7A9F2FBE14E5BABF4FAE8" box="[1072,1261,1312,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">0.38 (0.38–0.39)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE826567FFD75604FF164E01AFEBFDC6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD75608FF164E01AC0CF96D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1402,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FF164E01AEEEFA4D" bold="true" box="[199,503,1402,1427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD75608FC7C4E00ACC4FA4D" box="[941,989,1403,1427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA32A69FFD75608FB9D4E01AB8BFA4D" box="[1100,1170,1402,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,373,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,373,1860]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of northern Bolivian Andes showing the distribution of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. (star), and general aspect of the type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250431/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The locality of Pablo Amaya is surrounded by agricultural fields and pastures for llamas, leaving very little suitable habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FF464EB8AE44FA05" box="[151,349,1475,1499]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FF464EB8AE44FA05" box="[151,349,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Psychrophrynella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frogs. The new species was on the more humid slopes passing the village, midway between the old road and the small river that flows along the valley. Individuals were found under stones by day. One individual (MNCN 45704) was on the bank of a narrow, small canyon, and the rest were under the scattered stones pertaining to the ruins of an old construction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA32A69FFD75608FDCD4D55AD46F999" box="[540,607,1582,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,393,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[157,1442,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ruins of old local constructions, which create an optimal microhabitat for Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250432/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), which created a micro-environment with humidity and vegetation highly suitable for the species. No other species of anurans were found in syntopy. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD75608FBC64D28AB5EF9B5" box="[1047,1095,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FB174D28AA52F9B5" box="[1222,1355,1619,1643]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condoriri">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FB174D28AA52F9B5" box="[1222,1355,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">P. condoriri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD75608FABA4D29AFA2F951" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="km" value="5.25">5.25 km</quantity>
|
||
to the northwest of Pablo Amaya, that of
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FD4F4D0CAC3AF950" box="[670,803,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FD4F4D0CAC14F950" box="[670,781,1655,1678]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="wet" subSpecies="tstei">P. wet tstei</taxonomicName>
|
||
ni
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD75608FC9B4D0DAC8AF951" box="[842,915,1654,1679]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
|
||
to the southeast, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FB5C4D0CAA53F950" box="[1165,1354,1654,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chacaltaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FB5C4D0CAB86F950" box="[1165,1183,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FB1E4D0DAA53F950" box="[1231,1354,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">chacaltaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD75608FF464DE1AFEAF96D" box="[151,243,1690,1715]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="km" value="25.5">25.5 km</quantity>
|
||
also to the southeast, in the upper Zongo Valley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD7560BFF164DC5AE58FE9E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1402,2003]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FF164DC5AE91F909" bold="true" box="[199,392,1726,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproduction data on species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FCDF4DC5ACCDF908" box="[782,980,1726,1750]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FCDF4DC5ACCDF908" box="[782,980,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Psychrophrynella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not easy to gather. So far, only the eggs of
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FF204D98AE6CF924" box="[241,373,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">P. w e t t s t e i n i</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FE604D98AD3AF925" box="[433,547,1763,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="illampu">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FE604D98AD3AF925" box="[433,547,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">P. illampu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD75608FDE34D98AD4DF925" box="[562,596,1763,1787]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
la Riva, Reichle and Padial) had been observed or photographed [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92094B1DFFD75608FA934D98AFCBF8C1" author="Ergueta" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" refString="Ergueta, P. (1993) Aspectos de la biologia y ecologia de Phrynopus laplacai (Anura: Leptodactylidae) en un bosque nublado de altura de yungas (La Paz, Bolivia). Ecologia en Bolivia, 21, 19 - 29." type="journal article" year="1993">Ergueta 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD75608FF0E4C7CAE19F8C0" box="[223,256,1799,1822]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
la Riva 2007; recently, nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FDA04C7CADFCF8C0" box="[625,741,1798,1822]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="illimani">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FDA04C7CADFCF8C0" box="[625,741,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">P. illimani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFD75608FD244C7CAC0EF8C1" box="[757,791,1799,1823]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
la Riva and Padial) were found and photographed by A. Muñoz and colleagues (A. Muñoz, in litt.)]. We found two clutches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD75608FC634C50AB1FF89C" box="[946,1030,1835,1858]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD75608FC634C50AB1FF89C" box="[946,1030,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">P. teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under stones, each of them guarded by a male occupying a small chamber. The first clutch contained 41 well-developed eggs (average diameter
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD75608FABD4C35AFDCF854" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="5.11">5.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=5;
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA32A69FFD75608FEDE4C09AE4DF855" box="[271,340,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[168,1404,1141,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[168,1404,1141,1962]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. (MNCN 45073) guarding eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250433/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), containing embryos that moved frequently inside the egg capsule; the guarding male (MNCN 45703) was quite small (
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD75608FE634CEDAD00F870" box="[434,537,1942,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="23.5">23.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL). This clutch proved to be difficult to extract from the ground, for it was deeply intermingled with small, very slender grass roots. The second clutch had 28, smaller, yellowish-white eggs (average diameter
|
||
<quantity id="31609B09FFD4560BFEBA4BE3AECAFF71" box="[363,467,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.74" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="4.74">4.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=5). In both cases, the males remained on or beside the eggs, presumably offering some
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD4560BFF0B4BC6AE13FF0B" box="[218,266,189,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of parental care. They had the snout slightly protruding, of a translucent gray color, different from the rest of the head; this probably indicates certain burrowing activity to construct and maintain the chambers where they guard the clutch. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="2923884EFFD4560BFE0D4A7FAD27FEC3" box="[476,574,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
had large, developed oviducts but no female among our sample showed oviductal eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A2E76664FFD4560BFF464C21AEB8F850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250431/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" targetBox="[226,1359,373,1859]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD4560BFF464C21AEB8F850" blockId="6.[151,1436,1882,1934]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD4560BFF464C21AE0DF8B1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1882,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of northern Bolivian Andes showing the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD4560BFC434C21AB99F8AE" box="[914,1152,1882,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD4560BFC434C21AB99F8AE" box="[914,1152,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFDF5785FFD4560BFB564C21ABC0F8B1" box="[1159,1241,1882,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD4560BFB564C21ABC0F8B1" bold="true" box="[1159,1241,1882,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(star), and general aspect of the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A2E76664FFD5560AFF464F56AA54FB9D" box="[151,1357,1069,1092]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250432/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" targetBox="[157,1436,393,1046]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD5560AFF464F56AA54FB9D" blockId="7.[151,1357,1069,1092]" box="[151,1357,1069,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD5560AFF464F56AE0BFB9D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1069,1091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Ruins of old local constructions, which create an optimal microhabitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD5560AFBDB4F56ABEEFB9A" box="[1034,1271,1069,1092]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD5560AFBDB4F56ABEEFB9A" box="[1034,1271,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFDF5785FFD5560AFB2C4F55AA54FB9D" box="[1277,1357,1070,1091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A2E76664FFD5560AFF464CABACEFF838" box="[151,1014,2000,2023]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250433/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" targetBox="[168,1404,1141,1962]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFD5560AFF464CABACEFF838" blockId="7.[151,1014,2000,2023]" box="[151,1014,2000,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD5560AFF464CABAE0BF838" bold="true" box="[151,274,2000,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFD5560AFEBF4CABAD42F839" box="[366,603,2000,2023]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD5560AFEBF4CABAD42F839" box="[366,603,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFDF5785FFD5560AFDB04CAAADA8F838" box="[609,689,2001,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFD5560AFDB04CAAADA8F838" bold="true" box="[609,689,2001,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MNCN 45073) guarding eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A2E76664FFDA5605FF464DC5AEADF8CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250434/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" targetBox="[247,1343,217,1688]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFDA5605FF464DC5AEADF8CF" blockId="8.[151,1436,1726,1809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFDA5605FF464DC5AE0DF90D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1726,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFDA5605FDD34DC5ADE9F90A" box="[514,752,1726,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFDA5605FDD34DC5ADE9F90A" box="[514,752,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">Psychrophrynella teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFDF5785FFDA5605FD294DC4AC50F90A" box="[760,841,1727,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFDA5605FD294DC4AC50F90A" bold="true" box="[760,841,1727,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Air temperature at the time of recording, 10.8ºC. Above, oscillogram and power spectra (power spectra analysis bandwidth: 15 Hz). Below, spectrogram and oscillogram (spectrogram analysis bandwidth: 94 Hz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFDA5604FF164C40AFEBFDC6" blockId="8.[151,1437,1851,2020]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFDA5605FF164C40AEB7F88A" bold="true" box="[199,430,1851,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
Calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFDA5605FDC34C47ADC1F88A" box="[530,728,1852,1876]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFDA5605FDC34C47ADC1F88A" box="[530,728,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">Psychrophrynella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are remarkably similar across species, and most calls consist of a simple, tonal, rather short, high-pitched note [so far, the most divergent call is that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFDA5605FB414C1BAA1CF8A9" box="[1168,1285,1887,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltator">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFDA5605FB414C1BAA1CF8A9" box="[1168,1285,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">P. saltator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFDA5605FAC74C1BAA21F8A6" box="[1302,1336,1888,1912]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
la Riva, Reichle and Bosch), consisting of series of 7–36 short notes; see
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8F767CFFDA5605FCB94CFFAC90F845" box="[872,905,1924,1947]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
la Riva 2007]. At the time of collecting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31984D6FFFDA5605FA984CFFAA85F845" box="[1353,1436,1924,1947]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Psychrophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teqta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFDA5605FA984CFFAA85F845" box="[1353,1436,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">P. teqta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(05–07 h pm) some frogs were calling. Surprisingly, calls were pulsed, not tonal. Thus, it was very important to capture a voucher calling male in order to be sure that the recorded call indeed belonged to the new species. The voucher male (MNCN 45702) was in the middle of a thick mass of moss, over a large rock. At an air temperature of 10.8ºC and a relative humidity of 77%, this male emitted pulsed calls consisting of a simple note with an average duration of 270 ms (n=8;
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA32A69FFDB5604FE624BA4AEEFFF26" box="[435,502,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[247,1343,217,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Advertisement call of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. Air temperature at the time of recording, 10.8 ºC. Above, oscillogram and power spectra (power spectra analysis bandwidth: 15 Hz). Below, spectrogram and oscillogram (spectrogram analysis bandwidth: 94 Hz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250434/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), uttered in irregular series of several calls. Based on the total time of recording, the overall call rate is approximately 6.5 calls/minute (average interval between calls, 2,365 seconds; n=6). Each call has 16–19 pulses of variable duration, being the first pulses shorter. For example, the first pulse lasts, on average, 8 ms, while the last pulse has an average duration of 26 ms. The pulse amplitude is also progressively higher along the call, with a maximum at approximately 221 ms from the onset of the call (i.e., call rise time 82% of call duration). The spectral structure of this advertisement call is characterized by an average dominant frequency of 2.2 kHz, corresponding with the fundamental frequency of the signal and lacking frequency modulation. The call shows 3–5 apparent harmonics, of which the first one accounts for an average of 95% of the total signal energy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EA32A69FFDB5604FF4E4A84AFFDFDC6" box="[159,228,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[247,1343,217,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Advertisement call of Psychrophrynella teqta sp. nov. Air temperature at the time of recording, 10.8 ºC. Above, oscillogram and power spectra (power spectra analysis bandwidth: 15 Hz). Below, spectrogram and oscillogram (spectrogram analysis bandwidth: 94 Hz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250434/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE826567FFDB5604FF16495FAA0CFDE3" box="[199,1301,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F62736ECFFDB5604FF16495FAA0CFDE3" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,573]" box="[199,1301,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4ECEAFEFFDB5604FF16495FAE57FDE3" bold="true" box="[199,334,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is a mostly arbitrary combination of letters that the authors do like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |