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<document ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="db3b4f9d-87ca-4661-a002-c868b7417878" ModsDocID="z01416p001" checkinTime="1247405641513" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Alexandre P. Marceniuk &amp; Naércio A. Menezes" docDate="2007" docId="7E165117A152792BC1C7085FAB7E3475" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Marceniuk_Menezes_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1416" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFC65592-D8DB-41BE-AEAC-A41EAB6C6185" docTitle="Arius" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="E3B79C8FF6B0B87BE406EA4948E96A3B" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera." masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1677103743125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alexandre P. Marceniuk</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Naércio A. Menezes</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1416</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>126</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFC65592-D8DB-41BE-AEAC-A41EAB6C6185</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank-PUB">z01416p001</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6236751" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100130174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6236751" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E165117A152792BC1C7085FAB7E3475" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E165117A152792BC1C7085FAB7E3475" lastPageNumber="14" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="32Y8" ID-ENA="75285" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="13">(fig. 9)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1840b: 53. Type species:
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D4B30E92-D552-46E3-9681-68D0A55A2734" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pimelodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pimelodus arius Hamilton 1822:170, 376" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arius">Pimelodus arius</taxonomicName>
Hamilton, 1822. Type by absolute tautonymy. Gender: masculine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="13">
?
<taxonomicName family="Ariidae" genus="Ariodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariodes</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1849: 9. Type species:
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7CB441A1-A3D3-47DC-92F6-892023F56C6A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Bagrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Bagrus Ariodes arenarius Müller &amp; Troschel 1849:9" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarius" subGenus="Ariodes">Bagrus (Ariodes) arenarius</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1849. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bleeker (1962: 8; 1863: 91) (subgenus of
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67FCB6B8-977F-4973-A1B4-7B4DB5448D2F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Bagrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Bagrus Bosc 1816:147" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagrus</taxonomicName>
). Gender: masculine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A670F504-E2B7-4B8C-A11D-AEE520947C6D" family="Ariidae" genus="Pseudarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudarius Bleeker 1862:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudarius</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1862: 8. Type species:
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D4B30E92-D552-46E3-9681-68D0A55A2734" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pimelodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pimelodus arius Hamilton 1822:170, 376" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arius">Pimelodus arius</taxonomicName>
Hamilton, 1822. Type by original designation. Gender: masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageNumber="13">
Diagnosis.
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
species can be distinguished from all other ariid genera by the following combination of non-exclusive characters: (1) frontal bones without laminar mesial projection (shared with
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphiarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3EF9A59B-2473-44CF-BB0F-3846968A6AB8" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys Weber 1913:532" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Doiichthys</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4781B086-6A2E-487B-8D97-1D1A856A235A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840:28" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galeichthys</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F589893C-76A9-4820-A8B9-B794837B3FB9" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nedystoma Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nedystoma</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7EFF0E2C-627F-4985-9DCA-5178DA9034F3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Osteogeneiosus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Osteogeneiosus Bleeker 1846:173" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteogeneiosus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs &amp; Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">Potamosilurus latirostris</taxonomicName>
); (2) orbitosphenoid lateral projections moderately long, its lateral edge irregularly shaped (shared with
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkii">Carlarius parkii</taxonomicName>
); (3) mesopterygoid subtriangular and very long [shared with
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugispinis">Amphiarius rugispinis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
(with exception of
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">B. panamensis</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3EF9A59B-2473-44CF-BB0F-3846968A6AB8" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys Weber 1913:532" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Doiichthys</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F589893C-76A9-4820-A8B9-B794837B3FB9" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nedystoma Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nedystoma</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs &amp; Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">Sciades assimilis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptaspis">S. leptaspis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">S. guatemalensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platypogon">S. platypogon</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagor">S. sagor</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seemanni">S. seemanni</taxonomicName>
]; (4) third basibranchial cup shaped its anterior portion very wide, posterior portion elongated [shared with
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphiarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8968D59-B441-4D26-BC5F-B90032C1F1D1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Batrachocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Batrachocephalus Bleeker 1846:176" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Batrachocephalus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">Cephalocassis borneensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stormii">Hemiarius stormii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
(with exception of
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platystomus">P. platystomus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuispinis">P. tenuispinis</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
(with exception of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonillai">S. bonillai</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">S. guatemalensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proops">S. proops</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="passany">S. passany</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagor">S. sagor</taxonomicName>
)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="13">Supplementary morphological characters. Cephalic shield granulated visible under the skin; fenestra of moderate size limited by frontal and lateral ethmoid bones visible under the skin; medial groove of neurocranium very distinct, limited by frontal bones and/or on supraoccipital; posterior cranial fontanel moderately large, long and narrow; fenestra limited by supraoccipital, pterotic and sphenotic bones absent; fossa limited by pterotic, supracleithrum and extrascapular relatively large; epioccipital not invading into dorsal portion of cephalic shield; occipital process triangular, moderately long and wide, progressively narrower toward its posterior part; anterior and median nuchal plates fused, indistinct forming a structure of semi-lunar aspect; vomerine tooth plates absent; accessory tooth plates present, oval shaped or longitudinally elongated, bearing conical or molar-like teeth; maxillary barbel fleshy, cylindrical; two pairs of mental barbels; base of adipose fin moderately long, about half length of anal-fin base; lateral line bifurcated at caudal region, reaching base of caudal-fin upper and lower lobes; cleithrum wide, with a second dorsal process on its upper portion; posterior cleithral process moderately long and distinct from second dorsal process of cleithrum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="discussion">
<paragraph lastPageNumber="14" pageNumber="13">
Remarks. The limits and the monophyletic condition of
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
have always been one of the great challenges in ariid systematics. The genus was never properly defined and included most of the species currently considered to belong in different valid genera. The difficulties in the identification and composition of
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
have been recently emphasized by Kailola (1999) and Acero (2003) who recognized it as a non-monophyletic
<pageStartToken pageNumber="14">group</pageStartToken>
. Two groups of species are herein distinguished: with accessory tooth plates very elongated bearing molar-like teeth (group one) and with accessory tooth plates oval shaped or subtriangular bearing acicular or conic teeth (group two). They are not named and the phylogenetic relationships within
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
will be fully discussed in another paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="14">
Although not examined,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:89A86EA3-4818-4682-98CA-73AD9AB74F10" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius jella Day 1877:467" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jella">A. jella</taxonomicName>
Day, 1877,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2670A62-7177-4747-8AF2-7F25A44FD480" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius malabaricus Day 1877:464" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">A. malabaricus</taxonomicName>
Day, 1877 and
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D72B4A2C-1A7F-49DF-9177-BF48174A1F67" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius microcephalus Bleeker 1855:423" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcephalus">A. microcephalus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1855 are considered to belong in
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
(group one) based on presence of certain external morphological features described in the literature. The same is true for
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1732FC54-929C-4188-A10A-CCFA80243F73" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius acutirostris Day 1877:459" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">A. acutirostris</taxonomicName>
(Day, 1877),
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">A. africanus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1867,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:387AB6C8-32C7-4647-B6B2-2FEEDA0DD0C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius brunellii Zolezzi 1939:168" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunellii">A. brunellii</taxonomicName>
Zollezi, 1939,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B107A8F2-3FDB-4370-8F67-5779AD224D52" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius burmanicus Day 1870:618" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanicus">A. burmanicus</taxonomicName>
Day, 1870,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A419FD3-25E1-4BA4-AA6E-DB645EDC7AD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius festinus Ng &amp; Sparks 2003:5" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festinus">A. festinus</taxonomicName>
Ng &amp; Sparks, 2003,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D1BFE7A-FC0D-4C27-8930-4E2128FB01E8" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius leptonotacanthus Bleeker 1849:11" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonotacanthus">A. leptonotacanthus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1849,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BDA2203B-996E-4D76-97DA-634BC0A66247" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius macronotacanthus Bleeker 1846:159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macronotacanthus">A. macronotacanthus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1846,
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nenga">A. nenga</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822),
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA9D32C3-1E1C-4754-B10F-F2A5CEE1BAF3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius oetik Bleeker 1846:166" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oetik">A. oetik</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1846,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB2B156C-E046-4385-9D43-1B4EF7360156" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius subrostratus Valenciennes 1840:62" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrostratus">A. subrostratus</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:321E951C-CD2E-41FB-AD79-DB67BD722248" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius uncinatus Ng &amp; Sparks 2003:12" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uncinatus">A. uncinatus</taxonomicName>
Ng &amp; Sparks, 2003,
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16F468F7-973A-4EF6-BC28-E729FBB42990" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius venosus Valenciennes 1840:69" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venosus">A. venosus</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840 (group two).
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jatius">A. jatius</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822) was not examined and although not having accessory tooth plates it was included in the genus based on the moderate size of its adipose fin and the lateral line bifurcated at the caudal region. As the other species of
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
its distribution is restricted to the Indian Ocean. No specimen of
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7CB441A1-A3D3-47DC-92F6-892023F56C6A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Bagrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Bagrus Ariodes arenarius Müller &amp; Troschel 1849:9" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarius">Bagrus arenarius</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1849 could be obtained for examination and descriptions available in the literature do not allow the recognition of the species as a member of
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the inclusion of
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6712D5A4-D579-46E8-A796-A94B804954ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cimex arenarius Linnaeus 1758:448" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarius">A. arenarius</taxonomicName>
in the genus is preliminary and based only on Kailola’s (2004) results. The recognition of
<taxonomicName authority="Voet" authorityName="Voet" class="Insecta" genus="Arenarius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arenarius</taxonomicName>
as junior synonym of
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
is tentative and needs confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="14">Distribution and Habitat. Eastern Africa and south to southeast Asia, brackish and fresh waters.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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