treatments-xml/data/7E/0D/59/7E0D59E9FE5AD7DDF93238219C755A5A.xml

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<mods:title id="5372381A4C24D7520BDAEFD4AAEE2031">New species of subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) from China, with redescription of T. (S.) parvauricula and a key to all known species of the Oriental Region (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipula)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33D7AE906B1597A608F04A922BCFAEC8">Xue, Guo-Xi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E10D2630170A24F5C3A8A34E69F24738">Men, Qiu-Lei</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="E15C5182320D9377718FC64406BCE66C" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Tipulidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAC2467274A8FE61D3E3646EA742DBF4" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C7F27BEFDAFD0FEB6B6104B6BB63CF1C" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="C5B8C37E90EC0B7B34F31C4C5DE56E08" ID-CoL="576F7" authority="Alexander, 1941" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvauricula" subGenus="Sivatipula">Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula Alexander, 1941</taxonomicName>
Figs 1-11
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E602261B25263D22513E8EADCFC17710" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F3EEE7391A77D91B7F106E9B8A86DED9" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="2ECA69F1F5B9F5BD337574E9DE382F29" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula parvauricula" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvauricula">Tipula parvauricula</taxonomicName>
Alexander, 1941: 400 (original description), Pl. 1, fig. 14, Pl. 4, fig. 44.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B1DAB90AEF0B5A683C26BCDF7BB7E1D" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="58B3D3A867C51EBA824D6E16C9E26C3A" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD869051B44B022901AD69AC95B20516" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Generally orange-yellow in coloration; antenna distinctly longer than body; prescutum orange-yellow with three light brown stripes, sometimes not clear; wings pale brown with a dark brown stigma; abdomen orange with segments six and seven black; hypopygium orange, tergite nine divided by a V-shaped notch, produced into a pair of ear-like processes, sometimes terminated into spinous point, ventral-lateral portions of tergite nine projected into two lobes, densely covered with black setae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0321C5CC9CBD947E73F6587957F8B5C8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="0FAE5098DC9F8C0C338D5E0BFABCC265" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41204C6C857B29154D00D300FEC2A7B9" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Male. Length: Body: 14.0-18.0 mm (not including antenna, n = 5); Wing: 18.0-20.0 mm (n = 5); Antenna: 18.0-20.0 mm (n = 5).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07F0404A055CD151A4DB360CBD4A98DF" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Head orange. Rostrum orange with distinct orange nasus. Marking of vertex absent (Fig. 1). Eyes black (Fig. 1). Antenna: 12-segmented, distinctly longer than body; scape orange, expanded apically; pedicel orange, short; flagellomeres dark brown, each flagellomere cylindrical and subequal in length, with abundant black verticils, longest one longer than one third of flagellomeres length. Palpi light brown.</paragraph>
<caption id="9A52C0BC0A13DFDB8286B3A5DB15D9C4" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph id="08F45938FA3E8A84C922355AC5ABF784" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
Figures 1-11. 
<taxonomicName id="3E3FCDA0FD0FFD87676F29C753EA1FBA" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvauricula" subGenus="Sivatipula">Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula</taxonomicName>
1 head, dorsal view 2 thorax, dorsal view 3 thorax, right lateral view 4 wing 5 hypopygium, right lateral view 6 perspective hypopygium, left lateral view 7 ninth tergite, dorsal view 8 inner gonostylus, left lateral view 9 and 10 semen pump, left lateral view 11 compressor apodeme, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2C91B3B2AC12627D8A17D720CA8B9C0D" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Thorax with pronotum entirely orange-yellow (Figs 2-3). Prescutum with three light brown stripes, sometimes not clear (Fig. 2). Scutum orange-yellow with two light brown stripes (Fig. 2). Scutellum and postnotum orange-yellow (Fig. 2). Pleura entirely bright yellow (Fig. 3). Legs slender, coxae, trochanters and femora orange-yellow, tibiae orange-yellow at basal half, changing to brown at apical half, tarsi brownish black. Halteres with stem yellow, knob darker. Wings pale brown, cell sc darker than ground color, stigma dark brown (Fig. 4). Sc relatively short, subequal to R3 in length, petiole of cell m1 as long as or slightly longer than m-m, approximately one-half length of discal cell (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9EE162AED498F1D900C8F4F4CCA778C8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
Abdomen orange with segments six and seven black. Hypopygium orange, broad, compressed (Figs 5-6). Tergite nine separated by a V-shaped notch in ventral view; gradually narrowed to apex, produced into a pair of ear-like processes, sometimes terminated into spinous point in lateral view; ventral-lateral portions of tergite nine projected into two lobes, densely covered with blackened setae (Figs 5-7). Sternite nine broader than tergite nine, median region of sternite nine protruded to a membranous extension (Fig. 6). Outer gonostylus flattened, widened medially, with a slender rod 
<pageBreakToken id="5203186F5C185A6D455361B9B5D4634B" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
ventral-lateral margin, directed dorsally (Fig. 6). Inner gonostylus broad basally, gradually narrowed to apex, rounded with a process truncated apically, ventral margin with a horn-shaped projection, dorsal margin with a finger-like process, basal region of inner gonostylus with a pyramidal process (Fig. 8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4FDAC17225DF7F7C3FD561C61F66D1A" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, the arms expanded at apex (Fig. 11). Posterior immovable apodeme with only one arm, distinctly longer than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowed to apex and curved cephalad in lateral view (Fig. 9), sometimes abruptly bent to ventral margin (Fig. 10), the arm deeply grooved in dorsal view. Anterior immovable apodeme flattened, shorter than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowed to apex in lateral view (Figs 9-10). Aedeagus elongated, tubular, at least ten times longer than semen pump (Fig. 6).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7D2D166151A89855E8513E974839527C" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="392D097270688DC2D12EDE2EFE0394C1" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="68404ABE7BA5017055D2D3C9972AFD7A" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
CHINA: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: 2 males, Dalongping, Cenwanglaoshan Mountain, 
<geoCoordinate id="4D08664A26FC33A3BE83A59FB9DBD988" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.516666">24°31'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8792E792223A83983DD8E25C22410630" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="106.28333">106°17'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1300 m, 11 May 2015, Guo-Xi Xue leg.; Guizhou Province: 3 males, Leigongshan Mountain, 
<geoCoordinate id="056B8B4110F96707E3808E55D7DD7BD3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="26.35">26°21'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="78A2640E922AEED668D95D5BC9708C26" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="108.21667">108°13'E</geoCoordinate>
, 4 Jun. 2015, Guo-Xi Xue leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A85DFCAF62A03C638A9AAECDC15FD94C" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8DAA070482E845D7AB72432751079575" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89A49BC68542D8EA2F63FD2E057EBF30" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">China (Fujian, NW. Guangxi, SE. Guizhou).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06002A93D2A54366D0AD45C182618434" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="136FFBBE2D374B4575AD6528729F3DAE" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0922FF5C14DF2874020B018F56C75E8D" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
In the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="59DEB775B598A7F309E7792AD1A6D3BD" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvauricula" subGenus="Sivatipula">Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89951BC6B9675E6C832D6E122E2844BB" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="375 - 420" title="New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XLIII." volume="73" year="1941">Alexander 1941</bibRefCitation>
), the prescutum is unmarked and the tergite nine is terminated into a pair of spinous points in lateral view. After observing five specimens, we noticed that the prescutum generally has three light brown stripes and the spinous point on tergite nine is not always present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA7F43C14EA07A1C6203CDE36BF99C3E" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
Three types of semen pumps were defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="47E1F78550294B017B72E4F4E30E6C46" author="Frommer, SI" journalOrPublisher="Kansas University Science Bulletin" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="535 - 625" title="Gross morphological studies of the reproductive system in representative North American crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae)." volume="44" year="1963">Frommer (1963)</bibRefCitation>
based on morphological studies of the reproductive system of North American crane flies. Type III is the most common type characterized by the strongly bowed intromittent organ and by posterior immovable apodeme generally with two arms (
<bibRefCitation id="04432DCD266930055B72393B76D92DEA" author="Frommer, SI" journalOrPublisher="Kansas University Science Bulletin" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="535 - 625" title="Gross morphological studies of the reproductive system in representative North American crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae)." volume="44" year="1963">Frommer 1963</bibRefCitation>
). According to the overall morphology, the semen pump of 
<taxonomicName id="44BA09D5F022003E587F34D78B58D1E2" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvauricula" subGenus="Sivatipula">Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula</taxonomicName>
should belong to Type III. However, its posterior immovable apodeme has only one arm, which differs from the results in previous works in Chinese species (
<taxonomicName id="B7C3237AD5C797B1BBF208AEE6DC5354" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Ctenophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenophora fumosa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumosa">Ctenophora fumosa</taxonomicName>
Men, 2014 in 
<bibRefCitation id="723EBEF90E02BBB2DFFD6769CFBA73B7" author="Men, QL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="592 - 600" title="A new species of the genus Ctenophora Meigen (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Tipulidae) from China, with a key to the world species." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3841.4.8" volume="3841" year="2014">Men and Huang 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="CDE6F38E651901B29AAA575435EBCDDF" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxitalis" subGenus="Vestiplex">Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis</taxonomicName>
Alexander, 1935, 
<taxonomicName id="2F63B628B9E5FA102313514B0F89C73A" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Pterelachisus) biaciculifera" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biaciculifera" subGenus="Pterelachisus">Tipula (Pterelachisus) biaciculifera</taxonomicName>
Alexander, 1937and 
<taxonomicName id="7FB960DCF33F67BA8B28BA1C96CEDA45" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Emodotipula) yaoluopingensis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaoluopingensis" subGenus="Emodotipula">Tipula (Emodotipula) yaoluopingensis</taxonomicName>
Men, 2015 in 
<bibRefCitation id="DBEFEAFD55C4E90316B0F896A5208B4D" author="Men, QL" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="797 - 810" title="Report on crane flies of the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipulinae) from Anhui Province, China." volume="55" year="2015">Men 2015</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="9AB8A607553BA922E947071A9F6B8E65" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nova" subGenus="Yamatotipula">Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1848 in 
<bibRefCitation id="C215960C9F7864119617A59CC20DBDCF" author="Men, QL" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Systematics" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="328 - 338" title="A morphological study on reproductive system of Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova Walker (Diptera: Tipulidae)." volume="40" year="2015 a">Men et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="127D772EB29A4536C346A5CC791B5EA4" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephrotoma liankangensis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liankangensis">Nephrotoma liankangensis</taxonomicName>
Men, Xue &amp; Yang and 
<taxonomicName id="60F2EC6B457B872438C3691456E7FA08" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephrotoma pseudoliankangensis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoliankangensis">Nephrotoma pseudoliankangensis</taxonomicName>
Men, Xue &amp; Yang in 
<bibRefCitation id="D405768C24B751DA85F3A0709E5693BC" author="Men, QL" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="117 - 136" title="Two new species of the genus Nephrotoma (Diptera, Tipuloidea, Tipulidae) from China with a key to species from Mainland China." url="10.3897/zookeys.532.5970" volume="532" year="2015 b">Men et al. 2015b</bibRefCitation>
). This may represent a special form of type III.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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