treatments-xml/data/7E/0C/9A/7E0C9A00441EDC5BFD80FA230363A245.xml

<document id="004DA143E1D10120FE9DBC8CF61595F4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6467974" ID-ISSN="1944-8120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6467974" ID-ZooBank="831BE27C-5EDD-44D0-8458-AF404ECAF479" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1650300991164" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ju, Otto, rgen C. &amp; Hill, David E." docDate="2022" docId="7E0C9A00441EDC5BFD80FA230363A245" docLanguage="en" docName="Peckhamia.263.1.1-33.pdf" docOrigin="Peckhamia 263 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663.3:Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663" docStyleName="Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Maratus candens Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill 2022, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="8235E278441CDC45FFD6FFA2075CA563" masterDocTitle="Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699323325228" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-ND-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F73DBCCE7B6A33AD5EC4EBEE0E501459">Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC39443F42CAEBE69F2D7EFD2C5AA568">Ju</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5BA338AAFC42989CE26F7C514476FB4">Otto, rgen C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2C85364901B6B7A17F339C0235604620">Peckhamia</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="BEBF789D441EDC47FD80FA230357A0FC" box="[598,1035,1409,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F61A2B16441EDC47FD80FA230357A0FC" blockId="2.[598,1035,1409,1439]" box="[598,1035,1409,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="AD529C7A441EDC47FD80FA230357A0FC" bold="true" box="[598,1035,1409,1439]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FD80FA230357A0FC" bold="true" box="[598,1035,1409,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441EDC47FD80FA230410A0FC" ID-CoL="99B9B" authority="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill, 2022" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[598,844,1409,1439]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FD80FA230410A0FC" bold="true" box="[598,844,1409,1439]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Maratus candens</emphasis>
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, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFE24A7F441EDC47FC8DFA210357A0FC" box="[859,1035,1410,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="F61A2B16441EDC47FFB6FA6C07EEA3E3" blockId="2.[96,1537,1482,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FFB6FA6C066FA089" box="[96,307,1486,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type specimens</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation id="46CD214B441EDC47FE9AFA6F07F1A3E3" collectingDate="2021-11-14" collectorName="Michelle Peak &amp; Paul Winthrop &amp; All &amp; Perth" latitude="-34.046" location="Western Australian Museum" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="115.6167" municipality="Jalbarragup" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
The 
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male (
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#1), 
<specimenCount id="E0A3E09F441EDC47FD1EFA6C0487A089" box="[712,987,1485,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">two paratype males</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="E0A3E09F441EDC47FC26FA68035BA088" box="[1008,1031,1482,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
#2-3), and 
<specimenCount id="E0A3E09F441EDC47FB7AFA6C028AA089" box="[1196,1494,1485,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">two paratype females</specimenCount>
(
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#1-2) were collected near 
<collectingMunicipality id="167EB16C441EDC47FE00FA510525A373" box="[470,633,1523,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jalbarragup</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="3461E5F4441EDC47FD51FA5104D8A373" box="[647,900,1523,1552]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, in open jarrah (
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441EDC47FBB9FA5102C6A373" box="[1135,1434,1523,1552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FBB9FA5102C6A373" box="[1135,1434,1523,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eucalyptus marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) forest with bull banksia (
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441EDC47FEB1F9BA051CA356" box="[359,576,1560,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Banksia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FEB1F9BA051CA356" box="[359,576,1560,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Banksia grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the understory (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441EDC47FC8BF9BA048AA355" box="[861,982,1560,1590]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[96,176,1271,1295]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-246@2.[96,1536,165,1261]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Known distribution of members of the Maratus linnaei group, all endemic to southwestern Australia. Two species (M. cuspis, M. linnaei) are known from multiple locations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467978/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2</figureCitation>
; 
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, 
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, 
<date id="821B0DD6441EDC47FAE8F9BB02A6A355" box="[1342,1530,1561,1590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2021-11-14">
<collectingDate id="925FF43E441EDC47FAE8F9BB02A6A355" box="[1342,1530,1561,1590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2021-11-14">14 NOV 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="5B504EC0441EDC47FF74F99C063EA338" box="[162,354,1598,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Michelle Peak</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="5B504EC0441EDC47FE7EF99C0524A338" box="[424,632,1598,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paul Winthrop</collectorName>
). 
<collectorName id="5B504EC0441EDC47FD4FF99C059CA338" box="[665,704,1598,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">All</collectorName>
types will be deposited in the 
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, 
<collectorName id="5B504EC0441EDC47FFB6F9C107F1A3E3" box="[96,173,1635,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Perth</collectorName>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16441EDC47FFB6F90C02F1A393" blockId="2.[96,1536,1710,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FFB6F90C07B2A3A8" box="[96,238,1710,1739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species group name, 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441EDC47FDB5F90C0593A3A8" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[611,719,1710,1739]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FDB5F90C0593A3A8" box="[611,719,1710,1739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Latin, adjective, present active participle) is a reference to the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FF45F97107A8A393" box="[147,244,1747,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">shining</emphasis>
or 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FEF7F97106D0A393" box="[289,396,1747,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">glowing</emphasis>
scales that adorn the dorsal opisthosomal plate or fan of the male 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441EDC47FAC5F97602FAA393" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[1299,1446,1747,1776]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FAC5F97602FAA393" box="[1299,1446,1747,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16441EDC46FFB6F8BD0354A403" blockId="2.[96,1536,1822,2001]" lastBlockId="3.[96,1534,174,352]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FFB6F8BD07BDA258" box="[96,225,1823,1851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Females resemble other females in the 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441EDC47FCE3F8BC04CCA258" authorityName="Waldock" authorityYear="2008" box="[821,912,1822,1851]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linnaei">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FCE3F8BC04CCA258" box="[821,912,1822,1851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">linnaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and in related 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441EDC47FB00F8BD021AA258" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[1238,1350,1823,1851]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FB00F8BD021AA258" box="[1238,1350,1823,1851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Maratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups from southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="8EB26B86441EDC47FEF3F8E606FFA202" box="[293,419,1860,1889]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Australia</collectingCountry>
, although some individuals (
<specimenCount id="E0A3E09F441EDC47FCE3F8E20415A202" box="[821,841,1856,1889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
#1) may have a greater number of orange-brown scales, particularly in the eye region. The pedipalps of males also resemble those of other 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441EDC47FA93F8C802E9A2E5" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[1349,1461,1898,1926]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441EDC47FA93F8C802E9A2E5" box="[1349,1461,1898,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Maratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from this area and are of little use for identification. However the tapering shape and distribution of scales on the fan of the male (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441EDC47FE57F81606AAA2B2" box="[385,502,1972,2001]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[96,176,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-94@1.[479,845,686,1120]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Courtship display by adult males representing five species in the linnaei group. 7-9, Although each is distinct, the male M. Felinus resembles M. candens with respect to the setation of legs III and the pattern of scales on the fan. Each of the two species is known from a single type locality to the west of other members of this group (Figure 2), and these may be sister species. Photo credit: 7-9, © Adam Fletcher, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467976/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 1</figureCitation>
:1-2) is distinctive and easily separates this species from all of its known relatives. Like 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441FDC46FEFDFF0D06F5A5A8" authorityName="Schubert" authorityYear="2019" box="[299,425,174,203]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felinus">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FEFDFF0D06F5A5A8" box="[299,425,174,203]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. Felinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but unlike other members of this group, legs I of the male are not heavily fringed. Males have tufts of white setae projecting forward at the top of each paturon, below similar setae that project from the clypeus. Movement of the tuft-bearing chelicerae, not seen in other members of the 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441FDC46FFB6FEBC07E7A458" authorityName="Waldock" authorityYear="2008" box="[96,187,286,315]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linnaei">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FFB6FEBC07E7A458" box="[96,187,286,315]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">linnaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, plays an important part in the courtship of 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441FDC46FCABFEBD034DA458" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[893,1041,286,315]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FCABFEBD034DA458" box="[893,1041,286,315]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These setae are also present in 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441FDC46FA08FEBD07EBA403" authorityName="Schubert" authorityYear="2019" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felinus">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FA08FEBD07EBA403" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. Felinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which we presently regard as the sister species of 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441FDC46FCBBFEE6035CA403" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[877,1024,323,352]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FCBBFEE6035CA403" box="[877,1024,323,352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16441FDC46FFB6FE2D041BA641" blockId="3.[96,1534,398,802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FFB6FE2D063FA4C8" box="[96,355,398,427]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description oF male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441FDC46FEA5FE2C06AEA4CF" box="[371,498,398,428]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[96,176,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-94@1.[479,845,686,1120]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Courtship display by adult males representing five species in the linnaei group. 7-9, Although each is distinct, the male M. Felinus resembles M. candens with respect to the setation of legs III and the pattern of scales on the fan. Each of the two species is known from a single type locality to the west of other members of this group (Figure 2), and these may be sister species. Photo credit: 7-9, © Adam Fletcher, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467976/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 1</figureCitation>
:1-2, 3-6). Males (n=3) ranged from 
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in length. The cuticle of the carapace and chelicerae is black. Short white setae extend from the lower margins of the AME. Below these, the clypeus is mostly glabrous, except for a line or tuft of longer white to grey-white setae projecting anteromedially above the chelicerae. A separate tuft of longer white to grey-white setae project anteromedially from the top of the chelicerae. The carapace is mostly glabrous, except for a band of dark red-orange scales extending across the eye region, to the rear behind each anterior eye as well as at the median. In the eye region these bands are separated by white to grey-white bands of setae or scales. The PME are closer to the PLE than to the AME. The front of each pedipalp, from the distal femur to the cymbium, is also densely covered with long white setae. The dorsomedian thoracic tract may be marked by only a small patch of white scales behind the eye region. Along each lateral margin of the carapace there is a tract of bright white scales or setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16441FDC46FFB6FCF203BAA0FC" blockId="3.[96,1536,848,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The opisthosoma tapers in the posterior half to end in a truncated apex, about half as wide as the anterior margin. The pattern of scales on the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FDA0FCD505FDA6F0" box="[630,673,887,915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fan</emphasis>
or dorsal opisthosoma (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441FDC46FC2CFCD40333A6F0" box="[1018,1135,886,915]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[96,175,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-63@4.[471,959,1008,1448]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Living type males, Maratus candens. 6, Dorsal view of opisthosoma. 12, 14-15, Males engaged in courtship display. As in other Maratus, inflation and extension of a very flexible pedicel allows the opisthosoma to be rotated forward and then elevated in a vertical position (15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467982/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 3</figureCitation>
:2,6,13) is unlike that of any other known species. Although the ornamented dorsal plate may be flattened and expanded laterally during courtship, this plate is otherwise curved around the sides of the opisthosoma and lateral flaps are minimal if present. The spinnerets are dark grey to black, and above these is a small triangular tuft of white setae that is not visible during courtship. Below the opisthosoma is dark brown (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441FDC46FACAFBA902CEA14B" box="[1308,1426,1035,1064]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[120,201,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[125,1507,165,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-40@6.[754,1087,799,1387]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Type males, Maratus candens. 1-7, Detailed views of opisthosoma in alcohol. 8-9, Anterior views, in alcohol. 10-12, Ventral views of living type males." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467986/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 5</figureCitation>
:10-12), with a series of paired, light spots on either side of the midline, only visible in preserved specimens (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441FDC46FFBCFBF407B9A110" box="[106,229,1110,1139]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[120,201,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[125,1507,165,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-40@6.[754,1087,799,1387]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Type males, Maratus candens. 1-7, Detailed views of opisthosoma in alcohol. 8-9, Anterior views, in alcohol. 10-12, Ventral views of living type males." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467986/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 5</figureCitation>
:7). The coxae, sternum, labium and endites are dark grey and mostly glabrous, except for scattered white setae along the rear margin of the sternum. Legs I and II are shorter and of similar length, legs III the longest. All legs are fairly uniform, dark brown in coloration, except for the light and translucent proximal and ventral aspects of the femora. Legs III have a several long white setae projecting ventrally (laterally when these legs are raised during courtship) near the distal end of each patella. This feature is shared with 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441FDC46FE47FAB10553A04C" authorityName="Schubert" authorityYear="2019" box="[401,527,1298,1327]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felinus">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FE47FAB10553A04C" box="[401,527,1298,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. Felinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other black and white setae comprise a relatively sparse, ventral (lateral during display) fringe beneath the tibia and metatarsus of each leg III. A more dense tuft of white setae is present on each tarsus III. The male pedipalp (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441FDC46FD0AFAFF040DA019" box="[732,849,1373,1402]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="7.[96,175,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-203@7.[723,1026,597,1052]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 6. Medial to lateral views of left pedipalp for type males in alcohol, Maratus candens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 6</figureCitation>
) closely resembles that of related 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441FDC46FAF0FAFF015CA019" box="[1318,1536,1373,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FAF0FAFF02CAA01A" box="[1318,1430,1373,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Maratus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from southwest 
<collectingCountry id="8EB26B86441FDC46FEEBFA2006E6A0FC" box="[317,442,1410,1439]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Australia</collectingCountry>
, with a small projection near the apex of the outer embolus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16441FDC46FFB6FA6C0528A2E5" blockId="3.[96,1535,1485,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FFB6FA6C0627A089" box="[96,379,1485,1514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description oF Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441FDC46FE5BFA6F0572A089" box="[397,558,1485,1514]" captionStart-0="Figure 7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStartId-0="8.[96,175,1830,1854]" captionStartId-1="10.[144,224,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,165,1822]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1488,165,1916]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@8.[651,1200,580,1011]" captionTargetId-1="figure-43@10.[472,822,633,1060]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="Figure 7 (continued on next page). Living female paratypes, Maratus candens." captionText-1="Figure 8. Female paratypes, Maratus candens. 1-10, 13-14, Views of paratypes preserved in alcohol. 11-12, Ventral views of living paratypes. 13-14, Ventral views of epigynum (anterior toward top of page)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467994" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467999" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6467994/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6467999/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 7-8</figureCitation>
). Females (n=2) ranged from 
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in length. The general colour compares with that of related 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441FDC46FDDCFA5105B7A36C" box="[522,747,1522,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441FDC46FDDCFA510526A36C" box="[522,634,1523,1551]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Maratus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, generally brown with black cuticle dorsally. One of the 
<typeStatus id="291E95B4441FDC46FFB6F9BB07C1A356" box="[96,157,1561,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
females (
<specimenCount id="E0A3E09F441FDC46FEF7F9B60669A356" box="[289,309,1556,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
#1) is more orange-brown in colour. Below the anterior eye row, long white setae extend across the clypeus anteromedially. Fewer, shorter white or grey setae also extend ventrally from the base of each paturon. The lower parts of the carapace, chelicerae and pedipalps are translucent, light brown. White or grey setae partly cover the dorsal surface of each pedipalp, from the patella to the cymbium. The anterior eyes are surrounded by longer white setae below, light orange to brown setae above. The eye region is covered with orange to brown scales, which may be absent or sparse behind each AME. The PME are closer to the PLE than to the AME. Behind the eye region the carapace is dark, with an orange to brown median thoracic band. On the sides, the light brown and translucent cuticle of the carapace is covered with very light brown to orange scales or setae, but these do not extend all the way to the margins and a marginal band is absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4418DC41FFB6F8D806B6A2B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6467982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467982/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[96,175,1914,1938]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1904]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164418DC41FFB6F8D806B6A2B2" blockId="4.[96,1536,1874,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044418DC41FFB6F8D80790A2F1" bold="true" box="[96,204,1914,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Living type males, 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954418DC41FE7BF8D90537A2F0" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[429,619,1915,1939]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044418DC41FE7BF8D90537A2F0" box="[429,619,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044418DC41FDA8F8D805C8A2F1" bold="true" box="[638,660,1914,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6,</emphasis>
Dorsal view of opisthosoma. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044418DC41FC3DF8D80339A2F1" bold="true" box="[1003,1125,1914,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">12, 14-15,</emphasis>
Males engaged in courtship display. As in other 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954418DC41FF31F8390618A2D1" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[231,324,1947,1970]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044418DC41FF31F8390618A2D1" box="[231,324,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Maratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, inflation and extension of a very flexible pedicel allows the opisthosoma to be rotated forward and then elevated in a vertical position (15).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4419DC40FFB6F8B205C6A24B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6467984" box="[96,666,1808,1833]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[96,175,1808,1832]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1833]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164419DC40FFB6F8B205C6A24B" blockId="5.[96,666,1703,1833]" box="[96,666,1808,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044419DC40FFB6F8B20797A24B" bold="true" box="[96,203,1808,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Type males in alcohol, 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954419DC40FE0EF8B305C9A24B" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[472,661,1808,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044419DC40FE0EF8B305C9A24B" box="[472,661,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="F61A2B16441ADC43FFAEF8CC0512A2C6" blockId="6.[120,1512,1862,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441ADC43FFAEF8CC07B9A2E5" bold="true" box="[120,229,1902,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Type males, 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441ADC43FE50F8CD051AA2E5" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[390,582,1902,1926]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441ADC43FE50F8CD051AA2E5" box="[390,582,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441ADC43FD8AF8CC05D7A2E5" bold="true" box="[604,651,1902,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1-7,</emphasis>
Detailed views of opisthosoma in alcohol. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441ADC43FB55F8CC03EEA2E5" bold="true" box="[1155,1202,1902,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8-9,</emphasis>
Anterior views, in alcohol. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441ADC43FFAEF82F079AA2C6" bold="true" box="[120,198,1933,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10-12,</emphasis>
Ventral views of living type males.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="F61A2B16441BDC42FFB6FA70032EA08A" blockId="7.[96,1138,1400,1514]" box="[96,1138,1490,1514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441BDC42FFB6FA700797A089" bold="true" box="[96,203,1490,1514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Medial to lateral views of left pedipalp for type males in alcohol, 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441BDC42FC66FA710331A089" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[944,1133,1490,1514]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441BDC42FC66FA710331A089" box="[944,1133,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16441BDC42FFB6F9BA03EDA2E5" blockId="7.[96,1535,1556,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The dorsal opisthosoma of the female is dark with an indistinct midline of lighter scales, that may (
<specimenCount id="E0A3E09F441BDC42FA64F9B6029AA356" box="[1458,1478,1556,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
#1) or may not (
<specimenCount id="E0A3E09F441BDC42FEDDF9980643A338" box="[267,287,1594,1627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
#2) be surrounded by a broad band of very light brown scales or setae on either side. The spinnerets are grey, below a small triangular tuft of white setae. Below, the opisthosoma is light brown with some light mottling of darker spots (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441BDC42FD12F92B0463A3C5" box="[708,831,1673,1702]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[144,224,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[144,1488,165,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-43@10.[472,822,633,1060]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Female paratypes, Maratus candens. 1-10, 13-14, Views of paratypes preserved in alcohol. 11-12, Ventral views of living paratypes. 13-14, Ventral views of epigynum (anterior toward top of page)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 8</figureCitation>
:11-12), more prominent in preserved specimens (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441BDC42FFBCF90C07BCA3A8" box="[106,224,1710,1739]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[144,224,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[144,1488,165,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-43@10.[472,822,633,1060]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Female paratypes, Maratus candens. 1-10, 13-14, Views of paratypes preserved in alcohol. 11-12, Ventral views of living paratypes. 13-14, Ventral views of epigynum (anterior toward top of page)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 8</figureCitation>
:4,8). The coxae, sternum, labium and endites are very light brown, translucent and glabrous, except for scattered setae along the posterior margin of the sternum. Legs I and II are of similar length and shorter, legs II and IV of similar length and longer. All legs are indistinctly banded with dark brown pigment near the joints, with a covering of off-white to orange or brown scales. The epigynum (
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793441BDC42FA74F8BC072DA202" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[144,224,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[144,1488,165,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-43@10.[472,822,633,1060]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Female paratypes, Maratus candens. 1-10, 13-14, Views of paratypes preserved in alcohol. 11-12, Ventral views of living paratypes. 13-14, Ventral views of epigynum (anterior toward top of page)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 8</figureCitation>
:13-14) is similar to that of related 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095441BDC42FD80F8E70468A202" box="[598,820,1860,1889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704441BDC42FD80F8E7059AA202" box="[598,710,1861,1889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Maratus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, with large posterior spermathecae, larger than the fossae, and with sclerotized ducts visible through the posterior part of each fossa.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F61A2B164414DC4DFFB6F88404B0A25D" blockId="8.[96,1109,1791,1855]" box="[96,1004,1830,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044414DC4DFFB6F884055FA25D" bold="true" box="[96,515,1830,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 7 (continued on next page).</emphasis>
Living female paratypes, 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954414DC4DFCFCF88504BBA25D" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[810,999,1830,1854]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044414DC4DFCFCF88504BBA25D" box="[810,999,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="F61A2B164415DC4CFFB6F89D0362A234" blockId="9.[96,1086,1814,1880]" box="[96,1086,1855,1880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044415DC4CFFB6F89D0509A234" bold="true" box="[96,597,1855,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 7 (continued from previous page).</emphasis>
Living female paratypes, 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954415DC4CFCAAF8E20365A234" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[892,1081,1855,1879]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044415DC4CFCAAF8E20365A234" box="[892,1081,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4416DC4FFF46F82503C9A2DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6467999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6467999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6467999/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[144,224,1927,1951]" targetBox="[144,1488,165,1916]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164416DC4FFF46F82503C9A2DD" blockId="10.[144,1488,1876,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044416DC4FFF46F82507A0A2FC" bold="true" box="[144,252,1927,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Female paratypes, 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954416DC4FFE36F82A05C2A2FC" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[480,670,1927,1951]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044416DC4FFE36F82A05C2A2FC" box="[480,670,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044416DC4FFD64F8250419A2FC" bold="true" box="[690,837,1927,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1-10, 13-14,</emphasis>
Views of paratypes preserved in alcohol. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044416DC4FFAFFF8250224A2FC" bold="true" box="[1321,1400,1927,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">11-12,</emphasis>
Ventral views of living paratypes. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044416DC4FFE6DF8040555A2DD" bold="true" box="[443,521,1958,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">13-14,</emphasis>
Ventral views of epigynum (anterior toward top of page).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F61A2B164417DC4EFFB6FF0C0265A495" blockId="11.[96,1536,174,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFFB6FF0C061BA5A8" box="[96,327,174,203]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Courtship display</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="BB271EAD4417DC4EFE8EFF0C069CA5A8" box="[344,448,174,203]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[98,165,547,571]" captionText="Table 2. Displays of the male Maratus candens." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 2</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6E9E37934417DC4EFE1BFF0C0520A5A8" box="[461,636,174,203]" captionStart-0="Figure 9" captionStart-1="Figure 10" captionStart-10="Figure 23" captionStart-11="Figure 24" captionStart-12="Figure 25" captionStart-13="Figure 26" captionStart-14="Figure 27" captionStart-15="Figure 28" captionStart-16="Figure 29" captionStart-17="Figure 30" captionStart-2="Figure 11" captionStart-3="Figure 12" captionStart-4="Figure 14" captionStart-5="Figure 16" captionStart-6="Figure 17" captionStart-7="Figure 20" captionStart-8="Figure 21" captionStart-9="Figure 22" captionStartId-0="11.[96,175,1911,1935]" captionStartId-1="12.[96,175,1808,1832]" captionStartId-10="23.[96,176,1790,1814]" captionStartId-11="24.[96,175,1827,1851]" captionStartId-12="25.[96,175,1858,1882]" captionStartId-13="26.[180,259,1924,1948]" captionStartId-14="27.[120,200,1952,1976]" captionStartId-15="28.[96,175,1793,1817]" captionStartId-16="29.[168,247,1939,1963]" captionStartId-17="30.[96,175,1693,1717]" captionStartId-2="13.[96,176,1746,1770]" captionStartId-3="14.[144,224,1883,1907]" captionStartId-4="15.[96,175,1912,1936]" captionStartId-5="16.[96,175,1699,1723]" captionStartId-6="18.[96,175,1917,1941]" captionStartId-7="21.[168,250,1849,1873]" captionStartId-8="22.[96,175,1665,1689]" captionStartId-9="23.[96,176,456,480]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,1161,1901]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1536,165,1800]" captionTargetBox-10="[96,1536,580,1780]" captionTargetBox-11="[96,1537,165,1816]" captionTargetBox-12="[96,1536,165,1845]" captionTargetBox-13="[182,1450,165,1914]" captionTargetBox-14="[115,1517,165,1941]" captionTargetBox-15="[96,1536,165,1781]" captionTargetBox-16="[173,1460,165,1928]" captionTargetBox-17="[96,1536,165,1683]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1536,165,1734]" captionTargetBox-3="[144,1488,165,1870]" captionTargetBox-4="[96,1536,165,1903]" captionTargetBox-5="[96,1536,165,1690]" captionTargetBox-6="[96,1537,165,2004]" captionTargetBox-7="[163,1469,165,1839]" captionTargetBox-8="[96,1536,165,1649]" captionTargetBox-9="[96,1536,165,447]" captionTargetId-10="figure-133@23.[811,1163,1179,1779]" captionTargetId-11="figure-59@24.[671,1096,708,1299]" captionTargetId-13="figure-25@26.[816,1124,748,1329]" captionTargetId-14="figure-42@27.[755,1516,708,1152]" captionTargetId-15="figure-23@28.[601,1070,671,1212]" captionTargetId-16="figure-26@29.[173,1459,619,1088]" captionTargetId-9="figure-177@23.[715,917,165,447]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-10="23" captionTargetPageId-11="24" captionTargetPageId-12="25" captionTargetPageId-13="26" captionTargetPageId-14="27" captionTargetPageId-15="28" captionTargetPageId-16="29" captionTargetPageId-17="30" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="15" captionTargetPageId-5="16" captionTargetPageId-6="18" captionTargetPageId-7="21" captionTargetPageId-8="22" captionTargetPageId-9="23" captionText-0="Figure 9. Leg wave by a male Maratus candens, from a 25 fps video. Position in the sequence of frames (f), elapsed time since the previous frame (+s) and total elapsed time (s) are shown for each frame. In this display one extended and elevated leg III was moved slowly (3 up+down cycles/2.84s or 1.06 Hz) over a very small amplitude (1-3°)." captionText-1="Figure 10. Wave and step display of a male Maratus candens based on a 25 fps video. For each frame in this sequence, frame number and total elapsed time (s) are shown. White arrows indicate alternation between slower lowering or separation of the extended legs III and more rapid raising of these legs to a more vertical position (7 raise+lower cycles/3.96s or 1.8 Hz). Raising of these legs is often accompanied by a quick step to one side or the other side (larger, red arrows), all the time facing the female. This display included some low amplitude (several degrees) movement of the fan from side to side." captionText-10="Figure 23. Display positions of a male Maratus candens. 1-2, Two frames showing a wave and step sequence. Movement to the second position (2) was accompanied by a small step or movement to the right (left in the photograph) by this male. 3, Legs up display with fan flattened or expanded in a vertical position. 4-7, Sequence showing transition from a leg wave (4) to a legs up display. Note expansion of the fan (6)." captionText-11="Figure 24. Display positions of a male Maratus candens. 1-4, Sequence showing transition to a legs up display. 5-6, Sequential positions during a wave and step display. 7-8, Two positions during a wave and step display. 9-11, Sequential positions during a legs up display." captionText-12="Figure 25. Two different Fan dance sequences (1-5, 6-8). 1-5, Note the close position of the attending female." captionText-13="Figure 26. Sequential photographs of a single Fan dance." captionText-14="Figure 27. Sequential photographs of three different (1-6, 7-8, 9-13) Fan dance displays. 9-13, Note the turns of this female to follow the up and down movements of the male opisthosoma." captionText-15="Figure 28. Sequential photographs of a single Fan dance." captionText-16="Figure 29. Sequential photographs of two different (1-2, 3-8) Fan dance displays showing the attending female." captionText-17="Figure 30. Sequential photographs of a single Fan dance display showing the attending female." captionText-2="Figure 11. Wave and step display of a male Maratus candens based on a 25 fps video. For each frame in the sequence, frame number and total elapsed time (s) are shown. The position of the female can be seen, at the lower right corner of each frame (♀). With 7 cycles/2.32s or 3.0 Hz, this display was somewhat faster than the previous example (Figure 10)." captionText-3="Figure 12. Caliper dance of a male Maratus candens based on a 25 fps video. Like the wave and step display, this involves (11 cycles/7.2s or 1.5 Hz) alternation between slower separation of legs III and faster side-stepping (yellow arrows) as these legs are brought together, but legs III are brought together in a calipers configuration to surround the lowered fan, and the fan is elevated each time that these legs are separated." captionText-4="Figure 14. Successive positions of the female Maratus candens during the courtship shown, in part, in Figure 13. This display, with legs III extended and elevated, and the opisthosoma elevated and bobbed from time to time, is a characteristic of Maratus females, apparently associated with rejection of a courting male." captionText-5="Figure 16 (continued on next page). High Fan display of a male Maratus candens based on a 25 fps video. During this display the male held an elevated position in front of the female, with only low amplitude (2-6°) waves of the fan at a moderate frequency (14.5 left+right cycles/3.32s or 4.4 Hz). Nothing except the fan moved during this display." captionText-6="Figure 17. Lateral views of the Fan dance of a male Maratus candens based on a 100 fps video. The chart at the bottom of this figure shows the regular timing of the entire sequence, as the opisthosoma was alternately depressed in several stages to touch the underlying surface, and then elevated to the upright position (5 down+up cycles/20.72s or 0.24Hz)." captionText-7="Figure 20. Selected sequential frames from a 25fps video of the Fan dance of a male Maratus candens. As in Figure 16, green arrows indicate the lower positions of the opisthosoma, touching the underlying surface at least once per cycle (4 down+up cycles/16.08s or 0.25Hz). Movement of the opisthosoma is not completely smooth, but includes some low-amplitude waving or bobbing (Figure 22). The attentive female (♀ #1) can be seen in the foreground." captionText-8="Figure 21. Detailed view of the face of the male during the Fan dance shown in Figure 20, showing movement of the chelicerae (selected sequential frames from a 25fps video). When the opisthosoma is moved up or down both chelicerae are rotated to the front, making the long white setae that cover them more conspicuous. In general the chelicerae move together from one side to the other during this display, but the fangs are also extended and retracted during this movement." captionText-9="Figure 22. Detailed view of the elevated fan of the male during the Fan dance shown in Figure 20, showing low amplitude lateral movement of the fan (1-4°, 3 left+right cycles/0.36s or 8.3 Hz), based on selected sequential frames from a 25fps video." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468001" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468005" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468030" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468034" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468036" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468038" figureDoi-14="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468040" figureDoi-15="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468042" figureDoi-16="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468046" figureDoi-17="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468048" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468008" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468011" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468013" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468015" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468020" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468022" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468026" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468028" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6468001/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6468005/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/6468030/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/6468034/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/6468036/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/6468038/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/6468040/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/6468042/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/6468046/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/6468048/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6468008/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6468011/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6468013/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/6468015/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/6468020/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/6468022/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/6468026/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/6468028/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figures 9-30</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6E9E37934417DC4EFD5FFF0C05F3A5A8" box="[649,687,174,203]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="31.[96,175,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-40@31.[577,1054,709,1346]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 31. Vegetation and Maratus candens in the jarrah forest near Jalbarragup, Western Australia. 6-9, Adult male M. candens in the leaf litter. Photographs © Michelle Peak, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468050/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">31</figureCitation>
:7-9). Based on laboratory observations, we have been able to document six different categories or stages of courtship display by the male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954417DC4EFBBDFF760212A593" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[1131,1358,211,240]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFBBDFF760212A593" box="[1131,1358,211,240]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Males use a diverse repertoire of signals to gain the attention of a female in the vicinity (
<tableCitation id="BB271EAD4417DC4EFBBBFF5B0384A476" box="[1133,1240,248,278]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[98,165,547,571]" captionText="Table 2. Displays of the male Maratus candens." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 2</tableCitation>
:1-5), with the mating decision of the female ultimately decided during her close examination of the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFB54FEBD025FA458" box="[1154,1283,286,315]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fan dance</emphasis>
of the male (
<tableCitation id="BB271EAD4417DC4EFA65FEBC0729A403" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[98,165,547,571]" captionText="Table 2. Displays of the male Maratus candens." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 2</tableCitation>
:6). The fan dance of 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954417DC4EFE4BFEE6056DA403" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[413,561,323,352]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFE4BFEE6056DA403" box="[413,561,323,352]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite unusual, incorporating two features not observed in any other 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954417DC4EFFB6FEC80615A4E5" box="[96,329,361,390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFFB6FEC8078CA4E5" box="[96,208,362,390]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Maratus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
: 1) rotation of the opisthosoma in a sagittal plane with alternation between a high display of the elevated opisthosoma and a low display with the opisthosoma turned down to touch the underlying surface with the spinnerets, and 2) extension and continuous movement of the chelicerae, including extension of the fangs, as the opisthosoma is rotated (but not when it is elevated).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4417DC4EFFB4FD810525A759" box="[98,633,547,571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[98,165,547,571]">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164417DC4EFFB4FD810525A759" blockId="11.[98,633,547,571]" box="[98,633,547,571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFFB4FD81079DA758" bold="true" box="[98,193,547,571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 2.</emphasis>
Displays of the male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954417DC4EFE60FD86052FA758" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[438,627,547,571]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFE60FD86052FA758" box="[438,627,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F61A2B164417DC4EFF45FDE90295A68A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<table id="84A5D9B6441723BAFFA4FDE902B5A122" box="[114,1513,587,1089]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<tr id="48952954441723BAFFA4FDE902B5A73D" box="[114,1513,587,606]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0B444028441723BAFFA4FDE907A9A73D" box="[114,245,587,606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFF45FDE90786A73D" bold="true" box="[147,218,587,606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">display</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="0B444028441723BAFED8FDE906B9A73D" box="[270,485,587,606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFEF2FDE9068FA73D" bold="true" box="[292,467,587,606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">position of female</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="0B444028441723BAFE28FDE904E2A73D" box="[510,958,587,606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFD70FDE9044AA73D" bold="true" box="[678,790,587,606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">description</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="0B444028441723BAFC07FDE902DAA73D" box="[977,1414,587,606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFBB3FDE903ADA73D" bold="true" box="[1125,1265,587,606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">interpretation</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="0B444028441723BAFA4FFDE902B5A73D" box="[1433,1513,587,606]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFA76FDE902B5A73D" bold="true" box="[1440,1513,587,606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figures</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="48952954441723BAFFA4FDC502B5A7ED" box="[114,1513,615,654]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0B444028441723BAFFA4FDC507A9A7ED" box="[114,245,615,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1. leg wave</th>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFED8FDC506B9A7ED" box="[270,485,615,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">may be in sight but not facing the male</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFE28FDC504E2A7ED" box="[510,958,615,654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">in place, extended and elevated leg III waved at low amplitude (~1-3°) and low frequency (~1 Hz)</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFC07FDC502DAA7ED" box="[977,1414,615,654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">advertisement may elicit movement by a female in the vicinity, thus allowing the male to detect her presence</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFA4FFDC502B5A7ED" box="[1433,1513,615,654]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9, 23:4-5, 31:7-9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="48952954441723BAFFA4FD3502B5A7DD" box="[114,1513,663,702]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0B444028441723BAFFA4FD3507A9A7DD" box="[114,245,663,702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2. legs up</th>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFED8FD3506B9A7DD" box="[270,485,663,702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">probably sighted to the front of the male</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFE28FD3504E2A7DD" box="[510,958,663,702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">elevation of both legs III to a vertical position, usually with elevation of the fan that may be expanded laterally</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFC07FD3502DAA7DD" box="[977,1414,663,702]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">appears to be preparation for a more active display depending on response of the female</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFA4FFD3502B5A7DD" box="[1433,1513,663,702]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">23:6-7 24:9-11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="48952954441723BAFFA4FD6402B5A660" box="[114,1513,710,771]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0B444028441723BAFFA4FD6407A9A660" box="[114,245,710,771]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3. wave and step</th>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFED8FD6406B9A660" box="[270,485,710,771]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">within sight</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFE28FD6404E2A660" box="[510,958,710,771]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">with elevated fan male alternately lowers extended legs III and then raises them while (often) stepping to the side in 1.8-3.0 Hz cycles</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFC07FD6402DAA660" box="[977,1414,710,771]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">advertisement to gain attention of female in sight</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFA4FFD6402B5A660" box="[1433,1513,710,771]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10-11, 23:1-2 24:5-8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="48952954441723BAFFA4FCAE02B5A63C" box="[114,1513,780,863]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0B444028441723BAFFA4FCAE07A9A63C" box="[114,245,780,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4. caliper dance</th>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFED8FCAE06B9A63C" box="[270,485,780,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">within sight and may be closer to the female</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFE28FCAE04E2A63C" box="[510,958,780,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">male alternately lowers extended legs III as fan is raised, then raises extended legs III to a vertical or caliper position and lowers the fan during a quick step to the side (1.0-1.9 Hz cycles)</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFC07FCAE02DAA63C" box="[977,1414,780,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">advertisement to gain attention of female when closer to the male, appears to represent a transition to (6); similar to (3) except for movement of fan and more vertical position of legs III</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFA4FFCAE02B5A63C" box="[1433,1513,780,863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">12-13, 15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="48952954441723BAFFA4FCC502B5A6D9" box="[114,1513,871,954]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0B444028441723BAFFA4FCC507A9A6D9" box="[114,245,871,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5. high fan</th>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFED8FCC506B9A6D9" box="[270,485,871,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">close to female,but female is not facing or following the male</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFE28FCC504E2A6D9" box="[510,958,871,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
male maintains an elevated position with only low amplitude (2-6°, 4.4 Hz left+right cycles) lateral movement of the elevated fan, with legs III held together in a vertical 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFD88FC0B05C7A6D9" box="[606,667,937,954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">calipers</emphasis>
position
</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFC07FCC502DAA6D9" box="[977,1414,871,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">advertisement to female that is nearby but facing away, not engaged in active examination of the male; appears to be a holding position while waiting for the female response</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFA4FFCC502B5A6D9" box="[1433,1513,871,954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="48952954441723BAFFA4FC6002B5A122" box="[114,1513,962,1089]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0B444028441723BAFFA4FC6007A9A122" box="[114,245,962,1089]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6. fan dance</th>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFED8FC6006B9A122" box="[270,485,962,1089]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">facing and approaching the male, turning to follow each movement made by the male</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFE28FC6004E2A122" box="[510,958,962,1089]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
male alternately holds fan in elevated position between legs III, held in a vertical, 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFD11FC7A0458A68A" box="[711,772,984,1001]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">calipers</emphasis>
position, and rotates the fan in a sagittal plane to a low position, touching the underlying surface; chelicerae moved from side to side as fan is rotated, not moved when fan is in an elevated position; up+down cycles 0.24-0.30 Hz
</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFC07FC6002DAA122" box="[977,1414,962,1089]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">continued as long as female turns up and down to face and to follow each movement of the male; can result in mating if female stops turning to follow this movement</td>
<td id="0B444028441723BAFA4FFC6002B5A122" box="[1433,1513,962,1089]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">17-22, 25-30</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4417DC4EFFB6F8D50335A2AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468001/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[96,175,1911,1935]" targetBox="[96,1536,1161,1901]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164417DC4EFFB6F8D50335A2AD" blockId="11.[96,1535,1911,1999]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFFB6F8D50790A2F3" bold="true" box="[96,204,1911,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFF0FF8DA061CA2EC" box="[217,320,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leg wave</emphasis>
by a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954417DC4EFE6DF8DA0525A2F3" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[443,633,1912,1936]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044417DC4EFE6DF8DA0525A2F3" box="[443,633,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from a 25 fps video. Position in the sequence of frames (f), elapsed time since the previous frame (+s) and total elapsed time (s) are shown for each frame. In this display one extended and elevated leg III was moved slowly (3 up+down cycles/2.84s or 1.06 Hz) over a very small amplitude (1-3°).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4410DC49FFB6F8B2021BA2C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468005/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[96,175,1808,1832]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1800]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164410DC49FFB6F8B2021BA2C5" blockId="12.[96,1535,1808,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044410DC49FFB6F8B20780A24B" bold="true" box="[96,220,1808,1832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044410DC49FF3CF8B306D0A24B" box="[234,396,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wave and step</emphasis>
display of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954410DC49FD8AF8B30446A24B" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[604,794,1808,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044410DC49FD8AF8B30446A24B" box="[604,794,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a 25 fps video. For each frame in this sequence, frame number and total elapsed time (s) are shown. White arrows indicate alternation between slower lowering or separation of the extended legs III and more rapid raising of these legs to a more vertical position (7 raise+lower cycles/3.96s or 1.8 Hz). Raising of these legs is often accompanied by a quick step to one side or the other side (larger, red arrows), all the time facing the female. This display included some low amplitude (several degrees) movement of the fan from side to side.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4411DC48FFB6F9700278A24A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468008/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[96,176,1746,1770]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1734]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164411DC48FFB6F9700278A24A" blockId="13.[96,1534,1746,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044411DC48FFB6F9700780A389" bold="true" box="[96,220,1746,1770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044411DC48FF3DF97106D1A389" box="[235,397,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Wave and step</emphasis>
display of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954411DC48FD89F9710441A389" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[607,797,1746,1770]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044411DC48FD89F9710441A389" box="[607,797,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a 25 fps video. For each frame in the sequence, frame number and total elapsed time (s) are shown. The position of the female can be seen, at the lower right corner of each frame (♀). With 7 cycles/2.32s or 3.0 Hz, this display was somewhat faster than the previous example (Figure 10).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4412DC4BFF46F8F904BEA2B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468011" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468011/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[144,224,1883,1907]" targetBox="[144,1488,165,1870]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164412DC4BFF46F8F904BEA2B2" blockId="14.[144,1486,1847,2001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044412DC4BFF46F8F90652A217" bold="true" box="[144,270,1883,1908]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044412DC4BFEF6F8F906E6A210" box="[288,442,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Caliper dance</emphasis>
of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954412DC4BFDEEF8FE05A4A210" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[568,760,1883,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044412DC4BFDEEF8FE05A4A210" box="[568,760,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a 25 fps video. Like the wave and step display, this involves (11 cycles/7.2s or 1.5 Hz) alternation between slower separation of legs III and faster side-stepping (yellow arrows) as these legs are brought together, but legs III are brought together in a calipers configuration to surround the lowered fan, and the fan is elevated each time that these legs are separated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4413DC4AFFB6F8DA046BA2AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468013/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[96,175,1912,1936]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1903]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164413DC4AFFB6F8DA046BA2AC" blockId="15.[96,1536,1879,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044413DC4AFFB6F8DA0787A2F3" bold="true" box="[96,219,1912,1936]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Successive positions of the female 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954413DC4AFDA7F8DB0472A2F3" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[625,814,1912,1936]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044413DC4AFDA7F8DB0472A2F3" box="[625,814,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during the courtship shown, in part, in Figure 13. This display, with legs III extended and elevated, and the opisthosoma elevated and bobbed from time to time, is a characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954413DC4AFA75F83A015CA2CC" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[1443,1536,1944,1967]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044413DC4AFA75F83A015CA2CC" box="[1443,1536,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Maratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females, apparently associated with rejection of a courting male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E440CDC55FFB6F901038CA399" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468015/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[96,175,1699,1723]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1690]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440CDC55FFB6F901038CA399" blockId="16.[96,1535,1699,1786]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440CDC55FFB6F901054FA3D8" bold="true" box="[96,531,1699,1723]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 16 (continued on next page).</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440CDC55FDF6F9010523A3D8" box="[544,639,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">High Fan</emphasis>
display of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095440CDC55FC9CF906035BA3D8" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[842,1031,1699,1723]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440CDC55FC9CF906035BA3D8" box="[842,1031,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a 25 fps video. During this display the male held an elevated position in front of the female, with only low amplitude (2-6°) waves of the fan at a moderate frequency (14.5 left+right cycles/3.32s or 4.4 Hz). Nothing except the fan moved during this display.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E440DDC54FFB6F9530230A26A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468018" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468018" box="[96,1388,1777,1801]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468018/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[96,175,1777,1801]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1767]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440DDC54FFB6F9530230A26A" blockId="17.[96,1388,1777,1801]" box="[96,1388,1777,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440DDC54FFB6F9530538A26A" bold="true" box="[96,612,1777,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 16 (continued from previous page).</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440DDC54FDA7F953058CA26A" box="[625,720,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">High Fan</emphasis>
display of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095440DDC54FC4CF950030BA26A" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[922,1111,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440DDC54FC4CF950030BA26A" box="[922,1111,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a 25 fps video.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E440EDC57FFB6F8DF03AEA2B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468020/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[96,175,1917,1941]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,2004]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440EDC57FFB6F8DF03AEA2B7" blockId="18.[96,1535,1669,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440EDC57FFB6F8DF0780A2F6" bold="true" box="[96,220,1917,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Lateral views of the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440EDC57FE19F8DC0560A2F5" box="[463,572,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fan dance</emphasis>
of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095440EDC57FD67F8DC0433A2F5" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[689,879,1918,1942]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440EDC57FD67F8DC0433A2F5" box="[689,879,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a 100 fps video. The chart at the bottom of this figure shows the regular timing of the entire sequence, as the opisthosoma was alternately depressed in several stages to touch the underlying surface, and then elevated to the upright position (5 down+up cycles/20.72s or 0.24Hz).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440FDC56FF56F92E07C3A3FC" blockId="19.[96,1534,1676,2011]" box="[128,159,1676,1695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">90°</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440FDC56FFB6F917024BA39D" blockId="19.[96,1534,1676,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
fan 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440FDC56FCF8F90D0486A3A2" box="[814,986,1710,1729]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">in elevated position</emphasis>
of 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440FDC56FE76F96E024BA39D" box="[416,1303,1740,1790]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">slower rotation slower rotation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440FDC56FFB6F94E07C5A26F" blockId="19.[96,1534,1676,2011]" box="[96,153,1772,1856]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">elevation 0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440FDC56FF3FF8F7022DA206" blockId="19.[96,1534,1676,2011]" box="[233,1393,1875,1895]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440FDC56FF3FF8F7022DA206" box="[233,1393,1875,1895]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Faster rotation Faster rotation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440FDC56FFABF8C607C7A214" blockId="19.[96,1534,1676,2011]" box="[125,155,1892,1911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">-90</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440FDC56FF73F8DD0295A2B8" blockId="19.[96,1534,1676,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
0 1 2 3 4s 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440FDC56FFB6F8010782A2D8" bold="true" box="[96,222,1955,1979]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 18.</emphasis>
Lateral views of the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440FDC56FE37F806050DA2D8" box="[481,593,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fan dance</emphasis>
shown in 
<figureCitation id="6E9E3793440FDC56FD1BF8010463A2D8" box="[717,831,1955,1979]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[96,175,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,165,2004]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17. Lateral views of the Fan dance of a male Maratus candens based on a 100 fps video. The chart at the bottom of this figure shows the regular timing of the entire sequence, as the opisthosoma was alternately depressed in several stages to touch the underlying surface, and then elevated to the upright position (5 down+up cycles/20.72s or 0.24Hz)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468020/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 17</figureCitation>
, with sequential frames selected for a reduced resolution of 10fps. A green line in each frame corresponds to the elevation of the fan, with rotation in the sagittal plane charted below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61A2B164408DC51FF16F88E0254A2A1" blockId="20.[192,1440,1807,1986]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044408DC51FF16F88E0663A226" bold="true" box="[192,319,1836,1861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 19.</emphasis>
Selected sequential frames from a 25fps video of the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044408DC51FC1DF88F0366A227" box="[971,1082,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fan dance</emphasis>
of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954408DC51FB6AF88F0221A227" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[1212,1405,1836,1860]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044408DC51FB6AF88F0221A227" box="[1212,1405,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3 down+up cycles/s or 0.3 Hz). During this display, the opisthosoma is rotated in the sagittal plane, down toward, or to touch, the underlying surface one or more times (green arrows), then raised to an elevated position. As the opisthosoma is moved, the chelicerae are projected forward and moved from side to side. When the chelicerae are moved, the fangs may be alternately extended and retracted (
<figureCitation id="6E9E37934408DC51FB5FF80803A7A2A1" box="[1161,1275,1962,1986]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="22.[96,175,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1649]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 21. Detailed view of the face of the male during the Fan dance shown in Figure 20, showing movement of the chelicerae (selected sequential frames from a 25fps video). When the opisthosoma is moved up or down both chelicerae are rotated to the front, making the long white setae that cover them more conspicuous. In general the chelicerae move together from one side to the other during this display, but the fangs are also extended and retracted during this movement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468026/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4409DC50FF7EF89B0673A2AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468022" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468022/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[168,250,1849,1873]" targetBox="[163,1469,165,1839]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164409DC50FF7EF89B0673A2AD" blockId="21.[168,1451,1849,1998]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044409DC50FF7EF89B067AA232" bold="true" box="[168,294,1849,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 20.</emphasis>
Selected sequential frames from a 25fps video of the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044409DC50FC7DF8980346A232" box="[939,1050,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fan dance</emphasis>
of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954409DC50FB4EF8980205A232" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[1176,1369,1849,1873]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044409DC50FB4EF8980205A232" box="[1176,1369,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As in Figure 16, green arrows indicate the lower positions of the opisthosoma, touching the underlying surface at least once per cycle (4 down+up cycles/16.08s or 0.25Hz). Movement of the opisthosoma is not completely smooth, but includes some low-amplitude waving or bobbing (Figure 22). The attentive female (♀ #1) can be seen in the foreground.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E440ADC53FFB6F923025FA395" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468026/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[96,175,1665,1689]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1649]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440ADC53FFB6F923025FA395" blockId="22.[96,1535,1580,1783]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440ADC53FFB6F9230787A3FA" bold="true" box="[96,219,1665,1689]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 21.</emphasis>
Detailed view of the face of the male during the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440ADC53FCD1F920042FA3FA" box="[775,883,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fan dance</emphasis>
shown in Figure 20, showing movement of the chelicerae (selected sequential frames from a 25fps video). When the opisthosoma is moved up or down both chelicerae are rotated to the front, making the long white setae that cover them more conspicuous. In general the chelicerae move together from one side to the other during this display, but the fangs are also extended and retracted during this movement.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E440BDC52FFB6FE6A02AEA763" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468028/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[96,176,456,480]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,447]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440BDC52FFB6FE6A02AEA763" blockId="23.[96,1536,456,512]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FFB6FE6A0782A483" bold="true" box="[96,222,456,480]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 22.</emphasis>
Detailed view of the elevated fan of the male during the 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FC51FE6B04AAA483" box="[903,1014,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fan dance</emphasis>
shown in Figure 20, showing low amplitude lateral movement of the fan (1-4°, 3 left+right cycles/0.36s or 8.3 Hz), based on selected sequential frames from a 25fps video.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E440BDC52FFB6F95C053FA217" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468030/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[96,176,1790,1814]" targetBox="[96,1536,580,1780]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="F61A2B16440BDC52FFB6F95C053FA217" blockId="23.[96,1536,1748,1908]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FFB6F95C0781A275" bold="true" box="[96,221,1790,1814]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 23.</emphasis>
Display positions of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A55095440BDC52FDFDF95D05B6A275" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[555,746,1790,1814]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FDFDF95D05B6A275" box="[555,746,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FD29F95C0472A275" bold="true" box="[767,814,1790,1814]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">1-2,</emphasis>
Two frames showing a 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FB97F95D03BDA275" box="[1089,1249,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">wave and step</emphasis>
sequence. Movement to the second position (2) was accompanied by a small step or movement to the right (left in the photograph) by this male. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FA3CF8BF015CA256" bold="true" box="[1514,1536,1821,1845]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FFB6F89F07E9A237" box="[96,181,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Legs up</emphasis>
display with fan flattened or expanded in a vertical position. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FCA4F89E04FCA237" bold="true" box="[882,928,1852,1876]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">4-7,</emphasis>
Sequence showing transition from a 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FA90F89E02FAA237" box="[1350,1446,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">leg wave</emphasis>
(4) to a 
<emphasis id="C4D1F704440BDC52FFB6F8FE07F2A217" box="[96,174,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">legs up</emphasis>
display. Note expansion of the fan (6).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4404DC5DFFB6F8810640A219" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468034/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[96,175,1827,1851]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1816]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164404DC5DFFB6F8810640A219" blockId="24.[96,1535,1785,1914]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFFB6F8810787A258" bold="true" box="[96,219,1827,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 24.</emphasis>
Display positions of a male 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954404DC5DFDCBF8860586A258" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[541,730,1827,1851]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFDCBF8860586A258" box="[541,730,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFD3AF8810447A258" bold="true" box="[748,795,1827,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1-4,</emphasis>
Sequence showing transition to a 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFB48F88103B0A258" box="[1182,1260,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">legs up</emphasis>
display. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFA85F88102DEA258" bold="true" box="[1363,1410,1827,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">5-6,</emphasis>
Sequential positions during a 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFEE3F8E1068EA239" box="[309,466,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">wave and step</emphasis>
display. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFDECF8E00535A239" bold="true" box="[570,617,1858,1882]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">7-8,</emphasis>
Two positions during a 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFCAAF8E10345A239" box="[892,1049,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">wave and step</emphasis>
display. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFB54F8E0039CA239" bold="true" box="[1154,1216,1858,1882]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">9-11,</emphasis>
Sequential positions during a 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044404DC5DFFA5F8C0079CA219" box="[115,192,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">legs up</emphasis>
display.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4405DC5CFFB6F8E00268A239" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468036" box="[96,1332,1858,1882]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468036/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[96,175,1858,1882]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1845]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164405DC5CFFB6F8E00268A239" blockId="25.[96,1332,1858,1882]" box="[96,1332,1858,1882]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044405DC5CFFB6F8E00787A239" bold="true" box="[96,219,1858,1882]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 25.</emphasis>
Two different 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044405DC5CFE51F8E1053BA239" box="[391,615,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fan dance sequences</emphasis>
(1-5, 6-8). 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044405DC5CFD3CF8E00445A239" bold="true" box="[746,793,1858,1882]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1-5,</emphasis>
Note the close position of the attending female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4406DC5FFF62F8260464A2F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468038" box="[180,824,1924,1948]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468038/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[180,259,1924,1948]" targetBox="[182,1450,165,1914]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164406DC5FFF62F8260464A2F8" blockId="26.[180,824,1924,1948]" box="[180,824,1924,1948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044406DC5FFF62F8260673A2FF" bold="true" box="[180,303,1924,1948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 26.</emphasis>
Sequential photographs of a single 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044406DC5FFD11F827046FA2FF" box="[711,819,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fan dance</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4407DC5EFFAEF80204C3A2B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468040/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[120,200,1952,1976]" targetBox="[115,1517,165,1941]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164407DC5EFFAEF80204C3A2B4" blockId="27.[120,1512,1952,2007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044407DC5EFFAEF80207AAA2DB" bold="true" box="[120,246,1952,1976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 27.</emphasis>
Sequential photographs of three different (1-6, 7-8, 9-13) 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044407DC5EFC79F8030342A2DB" box="[943,1054,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fan dance</emphasis>
displays. 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044407DC5EFB72F80203BEA2DB" bold="true" box="[1188,1250,1952,1976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">9-13,</emphasis>
Note the turns of this female to follow the up and down movements of the male opisthosoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4400DC59FFB6F8A305B8A27B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468042" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468042" box="[96,740,1793,1817]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468042/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[96,175,1793,1817]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1781]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164400DC59FFB6F8A305B8A27B" blockId="28.[96,1089,1750,1817]" box="[96,740,1793,1817]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044400DC59FFB6F8A30787A27A" bold="true" box="[96,219,1793,1817]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 28.</emphasis>
Sequential photographs of a single 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044400DC59FDA5F8A00583A27A" box="[627,735,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fan dance</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4401DC58FF7EF83102C9A2C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468046" box="[168,1429,1939,1964]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468046/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[168,247,1939,1963]" targetBox="[173,1460,165,1928]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164401DC58FF7EF83102C9A2C8" blockId="29.[168,1429,1939,1964]" box="[168,1429,1939,1964]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044401DC58FF7EF831067FA2CF" bold="true" box="[168,291,1939,1964]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figure 29.</emphasis>
Sequential photographs of two different (1-2, 3-8) 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044401DC58FCBDF836048BA2C8" box="[875,983,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fan dance</emphasis>
displays showing the attending female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2DA7B9E4402DC5BFFB6F93F03CEA3D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6468048" box="[96,1170,1693,1717]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468048/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[96,175,1693,1717]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1683]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="F61A2B164402DC5BFFB6F93F03CEA3D6" blockId="30.[96,1170,1693,1717]" box="[96,1170,1693,1717]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044402DC5BFFB6F93F0787A3D6" bold="true" box="[96,219,1693,1717]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 30.</emphasis>
Sequential photographs of a single 
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044402DC5BFDA5F93C0583A3D6" box="[627,735,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fan dance</emphasis>
display showing the attending female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F61A2B164402DC5BFFB6F9410363A245" blockId="30.[96,1536,1763,1830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044402DC5BFFB6F941079AA263" box="[96,198,1763,1792]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Habitat</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="31A550954402DC5BFF35F946069BA263" authorityName="Ju &amp; Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2022" box="[227,455,1763,1792]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044402DC5BFF35F946069BA263" box="[227,455,1763,1792]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Maratus candens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected from leaf litter in open jarrah (
<taxonomicName id="31A550954402DC5BFBE6F941020BA263" box="[1072,1367,1763,1792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="C4D1F7044402DC5BFBE6F941020BA263" box="[1072,1367,1763,1792]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eucalyptus marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) forest near Jalbarragup in the southwestern corner of 
<collectingRegion id="3461E5F44402DC5BFD74F8AB04CAA245" box="[674,918,1801,1830]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="6E9E37934402DC5BFC71F8AB0373A245" box="[935,1071,1801,1830]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="31.[96,175,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-40@31.[577,1054,709,1346]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 31. Vegetation and Maratus candens in the jarrah forest near Jalbarragup, Western Australia. 6-9, Adult male M. candens in the leaf litter. Photographs © Michelle Peak, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6468050/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 31</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>