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<mods:title id="BBB98BCB041CA2490C66B20B196D9136">On the specific status of Hedotettix cristatus Karny, 1915 (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F614B04DFF842B4BFF176A33E2919521" blockId="1.[151,687,1869,1927]" box="[151,687,1869,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">
<heading id="AD5C0721FF842B4BFF176A33E2919521" bold="true" box="[151,687,1869,1895]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF842B4BFF176A33E2919521" bold="true" box="[151,687,1869,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">
species
<taxonomicName id="31ABCBCEFF842B4BFF746A33E2919521" ID-CoL="3JZHH" authority="Hancock, 1909" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1909" box="[244,687,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Hedotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF842B4BFF746A33E1D19521" bold="true" box="[244,495,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">Hedotettix punctatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFE776A33E2919521" author="Hancock" box="[503,687,1869,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Hancock, J. L. (1909) Further studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1909, 387 - 426, pl. 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1909. tb 02160. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Hancock, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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(
<figureCitation id="6E90ACC8FF842B4BFF1F6A0EE0E095C1" box="[159,222,1904,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,244,1370,1392]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,887,1344]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,887,1346]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hedotettix punctatus macroptonotal morphology. Blue background—female from Rajasthan (photo S. Ingrisch), white background—male from Chhatisgarh (photo: S. K. Gupta) (scale bar = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F614B04DFF842B48FF176ACBE3FE904F" blockId="1.[151,1224,1973,2031]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,1007]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">
<taxonomicName id="31ABCBCEFF842B4BFF176ACBE21E958A" ID-CoL="3JZHH" authority="Hancock 1909" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,544,1973,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Hedotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF842B4BFF176ACBE14A958A" box="[151,372,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">Hedotettix punctatus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFE026ACBE21E958A" author="Hancock" box="[386,544,1973,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Hancock, J. L. (1909) Further studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1909, 387 - 426, pl. 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1909. tb 02160. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Hancock 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFDAA6ACBE2E0958A" author="Shishodia" box="[554,734,1973,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Shishodia, M. S. (1991 a) Grouse locusts (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) of the Kanha National Park, District Mandla, Madhya Pradesh, India, Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 89 (1 - 4), 101 - 104." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Shishodia 1991a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFD686ACBE313958A" author="Shishodia" box="[744,813,1973,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Shishodia, M. S. (1991 b) On a collection of grouse-locusts (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Maharashtra, India, with some new distributional records, Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 88 (1 - 4), 29 - 36." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">1991b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFCB86ACBE416958A" author="Wagan" box="[824,1064,1973,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Wagan, M. S. &amp; Kevan, D. K. McE. (1992) Studies on some Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) from India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Tropical Zoology, 5 (2), 167 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1992.10539191" type="journal article" year="1992">Wagan &amp; Kevan 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFBB36ACBE4F6958A" author="Blackith" box="[1075,1224,1973,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia. Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography, I - LIV, 1 - 248." type="book chapter" year="1992">Blackith 1992</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="31ABCBCEFF842B4BFF176AA6E1BA95A9" ID-CoL="3JZGS" box="[151,388,2008,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Hedotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristitergus">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF842B4BFF176AA6E1BA95A9" box="[151,388,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">Hedotettix cristitergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF842B4BFE0C6AA6E1D095A9" bold="true" box="[396,494,2008,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFECD124FF842B4BFE0C6AA6E1D095A9" box="[396,494,2008,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFE7C6AA6E2A495A9" author="Hancock" box="[508,666,2008,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Hancock, J. L. (1915) V. Indian Tetriginae (Acrydiinae). Records of the Indian Museum, 11, 55 - 137." type="journal article" year="1915">Hancock 1915</bibRefCitation>
, Otte 1997,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFC9B6AA6E38A95A9" author="Blackith" box="[795,948,2008,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia. Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography, I - LIV, 1 - 248." type="book chapter" year="1992">Blackith 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF842B4BFC3F6AA6E4A195A9" author="Liang" box="[959,1183,2008,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="585" refString="Liang, G. - Q. &amp; Zheng, Z. - M. (1998) Orthoptera Tetrigoidea, Fauna Sinica, Insecta, 12, i - x &amp; 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="1998">Liang &amp; Zheng 1998</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF872B48FF176DE6E1BE92E9" bold="true" box="[151,384,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Material examined:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="29100EEFFF872B48FE0F6DE6E21392E9" box="[399,557,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">HOLOTYPUS</typeStatus>
1♀ (locality unknown) det. J. L. Hancock (UMO Oxford); 3♂♂
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<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FAC66DE6E5AA92E9" box="[1350,1428,152,175]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">INDIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Chhattisgarh: Bhoramdev wildlife sanctuary: District, Kabirdham, Dharamshala [
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,
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,
<quantity id="31531DA8FF872B48FAF36DC4E09292B2" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="491.0">491 m</quantity>
a.s.l.] 3♂♂
<date id="8215968DFF872B48FEC36DA3E18192B2" box="[323,447,221,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" value="2013-09-28">28.IX.2013</date>
. (night collection), Sankri river [
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,
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, 497 mn a.s.l.]
<specimenCount id="E0AD7BC4FF872B48FAFA6DA3E5A292B2" box="[1402,1436,221,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
<date id="8215968DFF872B48FF176C7EE12D9351" box="[151,275,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" value="2013-09-30">30.IX.2013</date>
. (night collection): Gomerda Wildlife Sanctuary: District. Raigarh: (Madosilly Water Fall) [
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,
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,
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a.s.l.]
<specimenCount id="E0AD7BC4FF872B48FE5B6C5CE1C0937F" box="[475,510,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="8215968DFF872B48FD8F6C5CE2B2937F" box="[527,652,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" value="2012-02-22">22.II. 2012</date>
, Day collection; Durg District, Badbhum, Forest rest House [
<geoCoordinate id="939FD68AFF872B48FAC56C5CE0D4931A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" precision="1" value="20.238806">20° 14 19.7N</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
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a.s.l.]
<specimenCount id="E0AD7BC4FF872B48FDC06C3BE25D931A" box="[576,611,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="8215968DFF872B48FDF16C3BE2E6931A" box="[625,728,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" value="2014-02-31">31.II2014</date>
,Night Collection, leg. S. K. Gupta det. J. Skejo; 1♀ Rajasthan 1935. leg. R. Ebner, det. K. Günther (SMTD, Dresden);
<specimenCount id="E0AD7BC4FF872B48FC856C16E3189339" box="[773,806,360,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
Madhya Pradesh: Mandla: Kanha NP:
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N of Mukki forest
<date id="8215968DFF872B48FF5A6CF4E17993E7" box="[218,327,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" value="1974-03-01">1.III.1974</date>
. leg. H. Khajuria, det. M. S. Shishodia (Zoological Survey of
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FC596CF4E42E93E7" box="[985,1040,394,417]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">India</collectingCountry>
Collection); 20♂♂ + 22♀♀ Madhya Pradesh: Jabalpur
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a.sl. leg. P. S. Nathan, det. M. S. Wagan &amp; D. K. McE. Kevan (Lyman Entomological Museum,
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FF176CAEE0D293A1" box="[151,236,464,487]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Canada</collectingCountry>
); 3♂♂ + 1♀
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF872B48FE026CAEE23693A1" bold="true" box="[386,520,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">
PR
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FE2F6CAEE23693A1" box="[431,520,464,487]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">CHINA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Hainan: Lingshui: Xinxi [
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]
<date id="8215968DFF872B48FBFE6CAEE53D93A1" box="[1150,1283,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" value="2014-07-14">14.VII.2014</date>
. photo: W.-L. Yeo, det. J. Skejo. Total material examined: 33♂♂ + 25♀♀ (
<specimenCount id="E0AD7BC4FF872B48FC9E6C8CE38A904F" box="[798,948,498,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" type="generic">58 specimens</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F614B04DFF872B48FF476F6BE4799037" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">All of the specimens examined were compared with Hancock's (1909) original description, as well as with Wagan's &amp; Kevan's (1992) information on the species' variability. Emphasis is given on morphological characters mentioned to be of diagnostic values, but others, found in this study to be valuable, are discussed as well.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEB1E3C6FF872B48FF476F03E56391A9" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F614B04DFF872B48FF476F03E56391A9" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF872B48FF476F03E1DA90D2" bold="true" box="[199,484,637,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
The species was hitherto known only from India—from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan (
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF872B48FF1E6FDEE16790F1" author="Shishodia" box="[158,345,672,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" refString="Shishodia, M. S. (1991 a) Grouse locusts (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) of the Kanha National Park, District Mandla, Madhya Pradesh, India, Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 89 (1 - 4), 101 - 104." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Shishodia 1991a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF872B48FEE96FDEE19390F1" author="Shishodia" box="[361,429,672,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" refString="Shishodia, M. S. (1991 b) On a collection of grouse-locusts (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Maharashtra, India, with some new distributional records, Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 88 (1 - 4), 29 - 36." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">1991b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF872B48FE3E6FDEE28090F1" author="Wagan" box="[446,702,672,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" refString="Wagan, M. S. &amp; Kevan, D. K. McE. (1992) Studies on some Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) from India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Tropical Zoology, 5 (2), 167 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1992.10539191" type="journal article" year="1992">Wagan &amp; Kevan 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="923ACDBCFF872B48FD4E6FDEE35490F1" author="Gunther" box="[718,874,672,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" refString="Gunther, K. (1941) Revision der Acrydiinenausbeute H. Sauters von Formosa (Orth.). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 102, 145 - 165, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1941">Günther 1941</bibRefCitation>
). This is the very first records of the species for Chhattisgarh. Since
<taxonomicName id="31ABCBCEFF872B48FEFA6FBCE227909F" box="[378,537,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Hedotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristitergus">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF872B48FEFA6FBCE227909F" box="[378,537,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">H. cristitergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFECD124FF872B48FDA66FBCE2BC909F" box="[550,642,706,729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF872B48FDA66FBCE245909F" bold="true" box="[550,635,706,729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">syn.nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see below) is to be considered synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="31ABCBCEFF872B48FB526FBCE55F909F" box="[1234,1377,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Hedotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF872B48FB526FBCE55F909F" box="[1234,1377,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">H. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—the distribution of the latter is expanded.
<taxonomicName id="31ABCBCEFF872B48FDBC6F9BE2F690BA" box="[572,712,741,764]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Hedotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="C4DF6C5FFF872B48FDBC6F9BE2F690BA" box="[572,712,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">H. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of a disjunctive distribution—western part in Indian subcontinent (i.e. Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh) and eastern part in PR
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FB566E76E5289159" box="[1238,1302,776,799]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">China</collectingCountry>
(i.e. Hubei, Guangdon, Hainan). Such a disjunctive distribution pattern could be due to (i) habitat preferences for localities lower than
<quantity id="31531DA8FF872B48FF4B6E33E1309122" box="[203,270,845,868]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
a.s.l., and thus the species does not inhabit mountainous areas of Asia; or (ii) it could be a result of the lack of
<taxonomicName id="31ABCBCEFF872B48FF176E0EE13D91C1" box="[151,259,880,903]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tetrigidae</taxonomicName>
research in
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FE026E0EE23F91C1" box="[386,513,880,903]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FD8C6E0EE24B91C1" box="[524,629,880,903]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FDFF6E0EE2DE91C1" box="[639,736,880,903]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FD6B6E0EE31F91C1" box="[747,801,880,903]" name="Laos" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FCAB6E0EE3A791C1" box="[811,921,880,903]" name="Cambodia" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="8EBCF0DDFF872B48FC4C6E0EE41491C1" box="[972,1066,880,903]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. Future investigations could reveal a continuous distribution. The known distribution is shown on
<figureCitation id="6E90ACC8FF872B48FCB76EECE3AF91EF" box="[823,913,914,937]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,832,855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,808]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1437,194,808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Hedotettix punctatus (red area) and H. cristatus (blue area). The map is generated after unpublished and all the literature data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234887/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="586">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(red area). The species inhabits wet forest edges (rich with leaf-litter) (e.g. Bhoramdev WLS, Mukki), open wet meadows by rivers with low vegetation, rich with low angiosperms and mosses (e.g. Sankri River). The species probably feeds on mosses, freshwater algae, and detritus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>