463 lines
62 KiB
XML
463 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="59959" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c869d068-b098-4994-8d2b-d004e206b690" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1173-145" ID-Pensoft-UUID="84D07C53ABF15905807911007E9C0A27" ID-ZooBank="5704F5B5AE7B4A79A5DC0B6592A77837" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1173-145" checkinTime="1691127514661" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cumming, Royce T., Le Tirant, Ste ́ phane, Linde, Jackson B., Solan, Megan E., Foley, Evelyn Marie, Eulin, Norman Enrico C., Lavado, Ramon, Whiting, Michael F., Bradler, Sven & Bank, Sarah" docDate="2023" docId="7BFFC75B303852B1BDEDA56E54F47B0C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1173: 145-229" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1173" docPubDate="2023-08-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413" docTitle="Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="84D07C53ABF15905807911007E9C0A27" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="84D07C53ABF15905807911007E9C0A27" masterDocTitle="On seven undescribed leaf insect species revealed within the recent " Tree of Leaves " (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="229" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1691128227793" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B673B04E6CD12EDFCAE745FB4D2798AB">
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<mods:title id="B582B68B08EAAB5B466732872140193E">On seven undescribed leaf insect species revealed within the recent " Tree of Leaves " (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9EDD99EB22E1F7C02CC7109547306BE0">Cumming, Royce T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6AEC75F53985694BAA8883E020181192">Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montre ́ al, H 1 X 2 B 2, Que ́ bec, Canada & Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA & Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2709070279BE0FC2BD1007D1D75C7941" type="email">roycecumming@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="56DF8EA4BD819E3FADEC8745CD0C4B95">Le Tirant, Ste ́ phane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A9E07787A29C382EEAEE353544EF7F93">Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montre ́ al, H 1 X 2 B 2, Que ́ bec, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AB73653C777A7034D977908C4F6A2E43">Linde, Jackson B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="52CB073632388515F349AACCD95FCAE3">Department of Biology and M. L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AF8A133849F3D692F016834AD7C5A8BD">Solan, Megan E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="94102BD67F140332153E498DC0346404">Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3FD59A492BB7CEBA20268502EA25D385">Foley, Evelyn Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB311A6662B6207D7154D2DB66C0EF07">Westville, New Jersey, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F41223BE7E3AD9B7DFC8E8D2E69CEC57">Eulin, Norman Enrico C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="65AD5C8E39A27F09E6E935EE49C2154E">Saint Michael Academy-Catarman, Northern Samar, 6400 Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4A8579E013167FD7B82901BDE4928EA3">Lavado, Ramon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="37314BBD2D153DFD8F1DBAB3111219B7">Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="64C667FD604A4617BACD33F79042D44B">Whiting, Michael F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A177DC4C4A8D4D36CA579E81073E8188" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-888X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E6DE32146D62D3FF53CE552AA588A8FE">Department of Biology and M. L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5B2A30550CCB8A7944A12D066F4CE95A">Bradler, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93EE607DA237877F48DEBC4547363150" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-1032</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="038EFE5DE50261E48D94A1D2BBE9AEB0">Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann- Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Go ̈ ttingen, Untere Karspu ̈ le 2, 37073, Go ̈ ttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8CE1E63A911337735A4D8AA55112022F">Bank, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FEBFB4E22EAC102D3F487B7F7E248ED">Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann- Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Go ̈ ttingen, Untere Karspu ̈ le 2, 37073, Go ̈ ttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EFBAD70AEC2D541EAC8FE6BD6250E113" type="email">sarah.bank@uni-goettingen.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="340BE4CBAAF19F11054E482C906A9691">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="373136E1BCA162A338376E23204C2C6D">
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<mods:date id="3C25BAE5F31AD6FE80F9C537DB5B9819">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E16F9035E42B3A76B5D0C019E384B182">2023-08-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5FC546A8B9E713397161D77A50D651BF">1173</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="2B97BB662C94E4C5F8193E13F829A94F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="F9C9EE57CB0E1A9D34DF135B11D1DAD1" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0B981E65901F382147007EDAE12222A3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1173-145</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D7E00C14A83D0460C914547501958BC7" type="ZooBank">5704F5B5AE7B4A79A5DC0B6592A77837</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7BFFC75B303852B1BDEDA56E54F47B0C" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67CE5AF8-8489-49B4-B75B-C36DF041E763" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BFFC75B303852B1BDEDA56E54F47B0C" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<subSubSection id="492E58AD24F51BADE1F26BEC4E3BD351" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="67683C24AE24AD38A8F96CE85D2E937B" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="5AEE61C3A48829A01CD35B916479C8AD" LSID="https://zoobank.org/67CE5AF8-8489-49B4-B75B-C36DF041E763" authority="sp. nov." authorityName="sp. nov." class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium heracles" order="Phasmatodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heracles">Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6F5E4C1E84340D22B0708DD5FE9B8342" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B18377D484D49F01FB3BAD274459E527" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<figureCitation id="56833C7F3F943CDDD64F2359A3F962D8" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="127006812E4D5550E152EC5171190852" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="78A65142447F786DD35F0F90349819B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6F0659A2DEDC5BFFD52776460EEFC22" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<materialsCitation id="6EF6DF5D7E5BDCC6DEC6C51BD664347A" collectingDate="2015-05" collectorName="Fig., Deposited, Montreal Insectarium" country="Vietnam" elevation="1450" location="Ba Na Mt." specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Quebec" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis id="D612835AD24D0782D94FC67F55B49284" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<typeStatus id="654610F90EB1300413148CCB0CFC6C8C">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="7EDA6098E6E54FC05EAF2BFF2312179C">♂</specimenCount>
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: "
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||
<collectingCountry id="A902AB143B8C441384EE0F9F9B986F70" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
: Da Nang Province,
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<location id="F319C1CCDB35064076B0B3F0C9816D48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7BFFC75B303852B1BDEDA56E54F47B0C:F319C1CCDB35064076B0B3F0C9816D48" country="Vietnam" name="Ba Na Mt." stateProvince="Quebec">Ba Na Mt.</location>
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||
<quantity id="178DFBA3FF9068101697895BD2B067DF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" unit="m" value="1450.0">
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||
<elevation id="4C66D88EB452840D0EBD418F0073F6FD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" unit="m" value="1450.0">1,450 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
. elv.
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||
<collectingDate id="670919A3466FBC22E5EC55CE6AD4E5F6" value="2015-05">May 2015</collectingDate>
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||
; Coll RC 16-007" (
|
||
<collectorName id="61FFACCCA5CACF3AA83410301E9CFED8">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DFBAD984E17F1A89FE7487AC8AEBA19" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24</figureCitation>
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||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="CAC4BFB0172531577E81B92C7A06C90F">Deposited</collectorName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectorName id="2CF076F19E1D591213D0F17BC2525503">Montreal Insectarium</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5B55A8591E4BBBAD5CDBB896DB3D162E" country="Canada" name="Quebec">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="CFB5FA0A61897EFC0C078A4A884E9633" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(IMQC)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="24530A605410103D1AF78FA427EB5E2A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DA009F33788BA5398E2640905917459A">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: (
|
||
<specimenCount id="667C0E76B51F98E305A3AFB21033B574" type="male">37♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
) See Suppl. material 1 for details about
|
||
<typeStatus id="D7EA1275073F6817FECFB0788B5B0DF3">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, their collection data, and depositories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5EA336E2478168DD79C7F55FF5F31FA4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
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<paragraph id="556BC8F4E197F45AA41435194C2BBE22" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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||
<emphasis id="B8D34450C5965B30147FCBF75DB6E989" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="620415F817984A2180F18854EE529471" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium heracles" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heracles">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6991C0F16E6B1B64CE8D8139ED069D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium heracles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<typeStatus id="305F21977AC57071BEBA25BACD0C3447">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male (Coll RC 16-007; IMQC)
|
||
<emphasis id="86BAC6049F4546A4C10050794AB3BFCD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="9ABE636CEA0F273AE75286126CF2B768" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
||
details of the head through thorax, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="E5E6A1726064D6F788EDA2DDFB9BF404" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA/Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor
|
||
<quantity id="F324257527BC0C3FAD840C7DCC96BFC9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00F884891C1AE404566D47D36089359A" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="differentiation">
|
||
<paragraph id="254230CE0D0EFDBD1886474B120B465B" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Differentiation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D559E8BE8402EEB5D430167E3A5F9568" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="A03E4F0AA035DD63F5EBB5BA16D2E27F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Female</emphasis>
|
||
, freshly hatched nymph, and egg unknown.
|
||
<emphasis id="D614445683E01C2463E6D460BC60DC70" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Males</emphasis>
|
||
are morphologically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A125E9661CCE246A36B305D1B05893" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="00D33417C1257589C609D3D610F73C6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Delfossee, 2015) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF5A0F1686AAF70BD3526A1C9C52055C" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium sinense" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="941A0278DE9B701006BA05A36D94980E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Liu, 1990). These three species are difficult to morphologically differentiate, especially because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D629B143F6947951AF37EBFDACA84A1B" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="146EA3DC7262D90771B862FB0154FDA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E7FCFDE8B553EB58EF0206ECDA57F9E" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium sinense" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8248E1000CCD06F45CD06BB757C84F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are only known from a few specimens, therefore the intraspecific variation is not well understood. On average it appears the mainland species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C84FB6E0DF8A73CFD5FC58167605ABF" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A0DF739F38221B8BB80613F1FC9A34A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FFA12F6F1246A994D19754B8B6CEED" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium heracles" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heracles">
|
||
<emphasis id="09700F0F77C1EF1089CC910BB838341F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium heracles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) are slightly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="603F93B97FB942E7A18480D6E5DEA1C7" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium sinense" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="C266296532919977FAFE662A68EF5610" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Hainan Island, but that could simply be due to our limited knowledge of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB098C9DAF80D382D12E55895C052FAA" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium sinense" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2AACF7A6542DCFF3433FD40B753665C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variation. One morphological feature which does appear to be consistent for differentiating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="987F270B4F7262166F8C944109E8E144" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium heracles" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heracles">
|
||
<emphasis id="DBA38B29F26259978135FDBD2D37219B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium heracles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from the other two is the interior lobe of the mesofemora. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C20AD374DA0BCBC0AFEAB2E9ED70D224" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium heracles" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heracles">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C0CD04DC87B203C5EBF775F753E9207" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium heracles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. the lobe is slightly thinner, with a maximum width of ca 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ABC1DDEA6FD788EB80ECE27C6E5DA296" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the mesofemoral shaft, whereas in the other two species this lobe is broader, ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="08FD746C956B7A45DCBC9C3B65BE247B" originalValue="1½×">11/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide or wider.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D69F3F2231CAC12A71CEA8B0AC2D8ED4" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A464428C030439283AE73447648284E" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C97AFD9D5B0510C2F3D85ACE7ABA3245" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A054F32BE82955D402A53D25D14BE67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Male.
|
||
<emphasis id="85C2BFA688FD5B0FEBE52E91674A4C7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Coloration description based on the dried type specimens, but despite slight discoloration from the preservation process, the natural patterns appear rather consistent. The coloration throughout is pale green with brown highlights/markings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BE8D2FC3B2B56057DDDC0AE3D7A9CCE" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24</figureCitation>
|
||
). The antennae, head, thorax, and tegmina are typically yellow/tan but in life were probably green or tan. The lobes of the legs and the abdomen are green. Abdominal segment V with a set of eye spots, one on each side of the midline. The meso- and metafemora, tibiae, and the exterior lobe of the protibiae are uniformly brown. The protibia interior lobe and the profemoral interior lobe are muddled brown with patches of darker and lighter areas, and the profemoral exterior lobe is uniformly green.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="36937C29C7F2546E2D8F3FF6E438C4BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="A7C02B11540AE4AD3B007F40434333AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="EC2CF5FDD2E72B3CDC5B1CB0EFB57E22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="65AF5FEBA3A78D6943AD96E09207B546" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Head</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6311954A79D4489E18B65677F7F414FD" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, with a vertex that is smooth, lacking distinct granulation; the posteromedial tubercle is not prominent, only slightly raised above the head capsule (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA0F475D2DF8CA5F7E34ACA5AD8EC9C0" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal convexities stout, not strongly projecting, ending in a blunt, rounded apex. Compound eyes are large and bulbous, occupying slightly <
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FB081457A21F45669A14242F10A52C69" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the head capsule lateral margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6669B7FC4371832D61B6187E839F85D" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Between and slightly posterior to the compound eyes are three protruding, well-formed ocelli (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2908FD2BD401EDBEEA37F1632BF87C5" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennal fields are slightly wider than the scapus width.
|
||
<emphasis id="334628B7CDA737590A0A71AF5A842E85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D3257B2555296AC7B4ED6C9FDC5101" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae (including the scapus and pedicellus) consist of 24 segments. The scapus and pedicellus are smooth, lacking setae, the following 18 segments are covered evenly in thin, dark setae which in most cases are approximately as long as the antennae segment is wide. The terminal four antennal segments have short, dense setae, notably different from the long sparse setae on the other segments. Each antennomere on the distal end projects ventrally slightly, so the overall antenna has a serrate appearance.
|
||
<emphasis id="9B847ECEBBC6BE853066DE45E47EE71D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="C24AEABA825AE5191596C4A1E74B41AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum trapezoidal in shape, with the anterior width similar to the lateral lengths, and the posterior width ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F5A149F8DE504E599CC22BE4527F2267" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
the anterior width. Therefore, the lateral margins distinctly converge to the narrow posterior (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8334198CE97FCB2CA01FC5D2CBB11815" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum anterior margin slightly concave; lateral margins relatively straight to slightly converging. Anterior and lateral margins of the pronotum with distinctly defined rims (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="309DA94342A04BE569E76655DC5A3E75" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Face of the pronotum is marked by a relatively smooth surface without heavy granulation or wrinkling. The only notable feature on the face of the pronotum is a slight sagittal furrow, a notable central pit, a moderately formed perpendicular furrow just anterior to the central pit, and two distinct pits along the anterior margin behind the anterior rim (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="29541F6C0E234798A53219B911F1257D" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosternum and mesosternum relatively smooth, lacking granulation. Metasternum slightly wrinkled on the anterior and lateral margins, and heavily wrinkled on the posterior. Prescutum anterior wider than the prescutum is long, with lateral margins slightly converging to the posterior which is ca ⅙ narrower than the anterior rim width (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4D08939331DF0260A3BD9286681FCCB9" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prescutum lateral rims with slight granulation throughout their length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="19C116A169D1716886E502A2741320CF" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface of the prescutum is mostly smooth with only moderate, sparse granulation. The prescutum surface is raised along the sagittal crest, which is slightly textured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="46334DCC02037358015B4AE60136D72D" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prescutum anterior rim moderately formed but lacking a prominent sagittal spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="80292A030DE54CA0DA3F6F04B1E6B904" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopleura narrow, diverging slightly on the anterior ⅗, and then widening slightly on the posterior ⅖ (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1721EECDE896485509E80DBC347F7A2" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopleuron lateral margin with five or six tubercles situated on the anterior ⅗ (with the tubercles increasing in size from the anterior to the posterior) and the posterior ⅖ of the mesopleuron is smooth, lacking tubercles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="50E6BEDC6E872C3295A79CD91C91946C" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Face of the mesopleuron slightly wrinkled and marked with one distinct pit near the middle.
|
||
<emphasis id="90892B70D7764D32531D7F20C36C1F26" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACDA5C9CAA46B90F9AC7AF6DA83B0D44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Tegmina short, extending partially onto abdominal segment II. Tegmen wing venation: the subcosta (Sc) is the first vein, runs relatively straight for ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E33255FD0C35D588AA4BBE5F1187D4E3" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the wing length and terminates on the margin. The radius (R) spans the entire length of the tegmen, running as the radial sector (Rs) straight through the center of the tegmen to the apex after the first radius (R1) branches near the center of the wing and runs to the posterior ⅓ margin where it terminates. The media (M) spans the entire length of the tegmen, running parallel with the radius (R) and radial sector (Rs) and terminates at the wing apex as the media anterior (MA) after the branching of a weakly formed media posterior (MP) near the middle of the tegmen which terminates slightly posterior to the tegmen midline. The cubitus (Cu) runs through the tegmen surface angled away from the media (M) for ca ⅓ of the length to the tegmen margin and then runs along the margin where it fades before meeting the apex. The first anal (1A) vein runs subparallel to the cubitus until they meet ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B03E107C7EC8960F865E8A65812AB34B" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the way through the tegmen length. Alae well-developed in an oval fan configuration, reaching onto abdominal segment VIII or IX. Ala wing venation: the costa (C) is present along the entire foremargin giving stability to the wing. The subcosta (Sc) is fused with the radius for the anterior ⅗ of the ala length, then splits and runs parallel with the wing margin until it fades before reaching the apex. The radius (R) branches ca ⅔ of the way through the ala length into the first radius (R1) and radial sector (Rs) which run gradually diverging through the first
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DA60EC1DC6EF6CC23D37C4DDA47EE662" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of their lengths, then run parallel until fusing with the cubitus at different locations on the posterior ⅕ of the wing. The media (M) branches early, near the anterior ⅛ into the media anterior (MA) and the media posterior (MP) which run diverging for ⅓ of their lengths, then parallel for ⅓, and then converge for the final ⅓. The media anterior fuses with the cubitus (Cu) near the posterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D073576FB77FC0347F75CB28403FA544" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the ala length. The media posterior fades before fully fusing with the cubitus. The cubitus runs unbranched and terminates at the wing apex after the media anterior, first radius, and radial sector fuse with it at different locations. Of the anterior anal veins, the first anterior anal (1AA) fuses with the cubitus early on and then the first anterior anal branches from the cubitus
|
||
<normalizedToken id="98297D2903CE1FCD9E25FBB8A76AE86E" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the way through the wing length where it uniformly diverges from the cubitus until it terminates at the wing margin. The anterior anal veins 2-7 (2AA-7AA) have a common origin and run unbranched in a folding fan pattern of relatively uniform spacing to the wing margin. The posterior anal veins (1PA-6PA) share a common origin separate from the anterior anal veins and run unbranched to the wing margin with slightly thinner spacing than the anterior anal veins.
|
||
<emphasis id="BCD4DA5E30DCF7FAAAFF400E7E66B55D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="2532277134CA20C1AB92A25AFE0B8A18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2E6E9D7AC53B45E549123F15BC8C33D7" originalValue="abdomen’s">abdomen's</normalizedToken>
|
||
general shape is boxy and broad with a maximum width of approximately ⅗ the abdomen length. Abdominal segment II diverges slightly, III diverges more prominently, IV is slightly angled with the anterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9B509CCE897B750EA89801E6EB22816D" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
diverging strongly and the posterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5D4DCEA6488F3D0C8B962EAF2D9E6D8B" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
running parallel, V through VII have margins which are nearly parallel, VIII converges slightly then arcs into a lobe on each side of the abdomen as it curls towards the genitalia, IX converges strongly inward towards the genitalia, and X projects away from IX into a pointed apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="BCEFC5A7E3F83877E58321827DA18820" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4296EC0D19D5480FF8A2AA24B78EAE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Poculum rectangular in shape, broad with a width only slightly less than the width of abdominal segment X. The poculum ends in a margin which is relatively straight that passes just beyond the anterior margin of segment X (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C9CCD6F7DEE1BE02783AA76F90182465" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci ovular, not particularly long, with ca 1⁄2 of their length extending from under abdominal segment X (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FFB610870BFF81D3EE3856EFCBF5C405" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cerci are relatively flat, not strongly cupped, and have distinctly granular surfaces and setae throughout the surfaces. The cerci margins are marked with distinct, stiff setae. The vomer is triangular and stout with all margins approximately equal in length, with lateral margins relatively straight and converging evenly to the apex, which is armed with a singular stout hook curving into the paraproct.
|
||
<emphasis id="083A71E9CFCA4C73C5F83E0D33FD7167" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB30B29C98DB2DAD63D3FFF949E65FC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Profemoral exterior lobe broad and right angled, ca
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A32F7560C6B5101D29380C516DF6A736" originalValue="1½×">11/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
widener than the interior lobe. Profemoral exterior lobe proximal margin distinctly serrate, with four prominent teeth, with the proximal two the closest together and the other two variable on their location, either spaced evenly or both situated closer to the distal end of that margin. Profemoral exterior lobe distal margin typically smooth, lacking prominent serration, at most with slight granulation throughout or weakly formed teeth on the proximal end. Profemoral interior lobe begins approximately ⅓ of the way through the profemoral length, and arcs in a slight undulation with a maximum width of ca 3-4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C6E9EA1F73B9B58E65A9C48CAFCA4E39" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the profemoral shaft width. Profemoral interior lobe is marked by three teeth on the distal end of the lobe, the proximal most is small, followed by two broadly triangular teeth. Mesofemoral exterior lobe is roundly triangular, relatively evenly weighted from end to end, and broad, with the proximal margin straight and smooth, and the distal margin slightly arcing and marked by three to five distinct serrate teeth. The greatest width of the mesofemoral exterior lobe is ca 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9F19E226CE6492D19FFDBC027C855967" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the mesofemoral shaft. The mesofemoral interior lobe is thinner than the exterior lobe and is unevenly weighted from end to end with the widest portion near the distal ⅓. The proximal ⅓ of the mesofemoral interior lobe is narrow with a rounded arc on the distal ⅔. There is unevenly spaced and variable sized serration throughout the full margin of the mesofemoral interior lobe (typically seven or eight serrate teeth). Metafemoral exterior lobe arcs thinly along the metafemoral shaft, with a maximum width slightly thinner than the metafemoral shaft width. Metafemoral exterior lobe lacks dentition throughout most of its length, with only the distal ⅓ marked by three or four small serrate teeth. Metafemoral interior lobe is narrow and straight for the proximal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8812D153B018F878CED5D37CFB0F57A6" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
and then on the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="78B0FB91A9AF1CD71888207BF5E8DE81" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
there is a small, rounded lobe that is approximately as wide as the shaft width. There is serration of variable size and spacing throughout the length (six to eight teeth), but the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="123C6175C835323522DFA94CD3CDC161" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
is marked by more prominent serration. Protibial exterior lobe is a thin scalene triangle weighted towards the distal end which is ca 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5E2F5650AD2F12C20DAE372C3034BCC2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as the protibial shaft width. The protibial exterior lobe distal margin is marked with several small nodes and the remainder of the lobe is smooth. Protibial interior lobe is also a scalene triangle, but it is slightly wider than the exterior lobe, with the widest portion the distal ⅖, and the full length is smooth, lacking serration. Mesotibial exterior lobe is roughly a narrow right triangle which is weighted towards the distal ⅓ and has a greatest width ca 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D7A2386BE35C50C36ACC5F32524B98E0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the mesotibial shaft. The broadest point of the mesotibial exterior lobe has slight granulation/small serration. Metatibial exterior lobe is roughly a broad right triangle which is weighted towards the distal
|
||
<normalizedToken id="71A6764CBE3B15A88D3F790F3A46E7CE" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
and has a greatest width ca 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86E2C617DFCB1EF4389F58D85E166AE8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the metatibial shaft. Mesotibiae and metatibiae lack interior lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3BEECC9788DEE3E1807C2CB00E47A711" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCED12D74FC09B1915215A0C13F2BFF7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="78ECD79649A7A06EFBC32A428D04F8AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Measurements of holotype male Coll RC 16-007</emphasis>
|
||
[mm].
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length of body (including cerci and head, excluding antennae) 66.0, length/width of head 4.1/3.7, antennae 27.3, pronotum 2.9, mesonotum 3.6, length/width of tegmina 13.8/5.1, length of alae 52.3, greatest width of abdomen 25.0, profemora 14.0, mesofemora 9.7, metafemora 10.2, protibiae 8.1, mesotibiae 7.0, metatibiae 8.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3CC9EF1FA800665EA78838B423A617FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="587456537B125B0F4819446411888CE1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="70AB4652E6D47DAF4253D58F726C78E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Measurements of paratype males, given as a range for smallest to largest</emphasis>
|
||
[mm].
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length of body (including cerci and head, excluding antennae) 59.4-71.4, length/width of head 4.0-4.5/3.3-4.0, antennae 25.4-27.6, pronotum 3.0-3.7, mesonotum 3.3-5.1, length/width of tegmina 11.9-15.7/4.8-6.0, length of alae 45.0-57.2, greatest width of abdomen 24.2-26.7, profemora 11.4-14.6, mesofemora 9.0-9.3, metafemora 9.0-9.5, protibiae 6.9-8.0, mesotibiae 6.7-7.8, metatibiae 6.6-8.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="765E08D3AB01545E27D40A293F6F9BDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BBF8F3216B9CE05C3E2E2B40B9D3A7F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3BE407D7D470726A35CE2B854D71CCD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Proper noun, Greek in origin. Following a mythological trend started by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6701E1BFC72ECD89E7D735861C30596A" author="Gray, GR" journalOrPublisher="Zoologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="117 - 123" refId="B31" refString="Gray, GR, 1843. Description of several species of the Genus Phyllium. Zoologist 1 (1): 117 - 123" title="Description of several species of the Genus Phyllium." volume="1" year="1843">Gray (1843)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who named species based upon characters from the tenth labor of Heracles. Interestingly, despite several of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="022C3688B539543D10FA476877F0DC11" originalValue="Gray’s">Gray's</normalizedToken>
|
||
names following this myth, he never named a species following the main character, Heracles himself. We herein would like to close
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9B008B09D87BE5A42AC8E312FA2F4F33" originalValue="Gray’s">Gray's</normalizedToken>
|
||
phylliid focused chapter on the tenth labor of Heracles by bestowing the name upon a large and impressive species, worthy of such a mighty character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CEDB46A4137DA94D18AFE4F750A2BDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="035861818B404B648AF9A77B7292477C" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ACBCDBC99254F067A61099F5DDF950C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Records for this species are primarily from southern and central Vietnam (from the provinces of Kon Tum, Da Nang, Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Quang Nam, and Thua Thien Hue) and additionally one record from the northern Vietnam province of Nghe An is known (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E22A535EFEE02FE83A49E8EF3D06DF8A" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution map for the herein discussed Pulchriphyllium species with known records plotted. For data on the distribution points used for this map, see Suppl. material 1 A distribution of the " Pulchriphyllium bioculatum - like species " B distribution of the Pulchriphyllium species from mainland Asia with a boxy abdominal shape (inset outline in A). Abbreviations: KH, Cambodia; LA, Laos; TH, Thailand; VN, Vietnam." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887717" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">15B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AF21F0B4BBD30276E0817ACAA28C9075" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="0180364B2500141909CF6BF272347DD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B197B2901432E456B56DDFEC9CB518F" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Specimens of this Vietnamese population were originally thought to represent range expansions for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03DA1F743FC3442BC35B4738546DDD1A" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1578528CC21BDACCB061AB79AB4D7115" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, this population was tentatively identified within
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD356A64FE28C5650F7CD8467095E152" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z" author="Bank, S" journalOrPublisher="Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="B3" refString="Bank, S, Cumming, RT, Yunchang, L, Henze, K, Le Tirant, S, Bradler, S, 2021. A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Communications Biology 4(932): e932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z" title="A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Communications Biology 4 (932): e 932." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z" year="2021">Bank et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1776AB99F90CD4DC389A7C870C736B9" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">Pulchriphyllium cf. maethoraniae</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to a lack of true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="233E54D55A2725DEC62A7319A51E13CC" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6015AC5389DCE9F06142F336E2C0A8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples from Thailand at the time. Yet, additional sampling from throughout mainland Asia (including in Thailand near the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28DF3EA884C1489846DA6FE86D3661B6" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC5504ECF55D8ABDB96BB9C5FF7F15FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type locality; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9E4E5374F48DA5CDF029115BB4D1BF4E" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution map for the herein discussed Pulchriphyllium species with known records plotted. For data on the distribution points used for this map, see Suppl. material 1 A distribution of the " Pulchriphyllium bioculatum - like species " B distribution of the Pulchriphyllium species from mainland Asia with a boxy abdominal shape (inset outline in A). Abbreviations: KH, Cambodia; LA, Laos; TH, Thailand; VN, Vietnam." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887717" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">15B</figureCitation>
|
||
) has revealed that this complex of similar-looking specimens are instead three well-defined species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3AB6FB3FBA82D3DD972371F786475CC" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AAC7E40B1012AAD8227681CE2B9FF1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A29A92DD0F9DB75320EEB5E6C0978BA1" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium sinense" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="2BE98A6FBCFD77FBBE0F48D5E611257D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the Vietnamese species herein described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B4EA0986B743E7DE8F7CA7D7E6A9198" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium heracles" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heracles">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6BB1323299DBDDEE48B1EADF1856E4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium heracles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B09A4E847E1C622D149DD301FA560700" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Pulchriphyllium heracles sp. nov. holotype male (Coll RC 16 - 007; IMQC) A habitus, dorsal B details of the head through thorax, dorsal C genitalia, ventral. Photographs by Steve Thurston (AMNH) using Microptics-USA / Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer; using a Nikon D 300 DSLR camera, Infiniti optics, and a Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens. Multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887726" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">24</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6D776870709FD53D66E8CC53AEF2D3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Interestingly, despite near identical morphology with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29CC51CDCF94B35833A806A10425A92D" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D63065DD4C74656F7EE3BFFCBB850FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C420A39AFE4865FC3DF1B4D8AD1FA772" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium sinense" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F60AC0EAE6660ADF9F3CD041AE207F7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F4A96EC3CC2BDC7F52D76B6C4D5D167" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium heracles" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heracles">
|
||
<emphasis id="E34281CDB77FBDC12AB8486CA3420D04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium heracles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has been recovered in the molecular phylogeny as entirely unrelated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EB1F96F862615235B50F952E36576FA" baseAuthorityName="Delfosse" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maethoraniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="3A875E56CFF6268CCFD63DD799A36197" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium maethoraniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A0B30D577B5C99380C6BB65F8EFBB9D" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium sinense" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B6066890B8064E6F69DC9A57B99B1F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which were recovered as sister to each other; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C34BDBC168A3ACFFE2304384B3DDD12B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of the Phylliidae based on six nuclear and mitochondrial loci with a focus on Phyllium and Pulchriphyllium (please refer to Suppl. material 4 for the complete tree). Ultrafast bootstrap support values are depicted at each node. Specimens in green font are in addition to the already existing tree inferred by Bank et al. (2021). Highlighted in green boxes are the seven newly described species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887704" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hopefully future collection efforts in Vietnam will reveal the female, egg, and freshly hatched nymph morphology to allow better morphological comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8AA0FF6A05CEF209B030B83A053259F" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Pulchriphyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulchriphyllium heracles" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heracles">
|
||
<emphasis id="C485E3B345075468F446224B0B654818" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pulchriphyllium heracles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. with congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |