treatments-xml/data/7B/A6/1E/7BA61E5BD6964794398F71BD6787F6CF.xml

<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" ID-PMC="PMC3689140" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-22-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" ID-PubMed="23794937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576167" ModsDocID="1314-2003-22-1" checkinTime="1451251931319" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2013" docId="7BA61E5BD6964794398F71BD6787F6CF" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 22: 1-428" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 22" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" docTitle="Solanum macbridei Hunz. &amp; Lallana 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="432" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1668140799926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>22</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024590" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7BA61E5BD6964794398F71BD6787F6CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BA61E5BD6964794398F71BD6787F6CF" lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<subSubSection pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
25. 
<taxonomicName LSID="7BA61E5B-D696-4794-398F-71BD6787F6CF" authority="Hunz. &amp; Lallana" authorityName="Hunz. &amp; Lallana" authorityYear="1981" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macbridei" order="Solanales" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbridei">Solanum macbridei Hunz. &amp; Lallana</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibCitation journal="Lorentzia" page="17" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="4" year="1981">Lorentzia 4: 17. 1981</bibCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Solanum macbridei Hunz. &amp; Lallana. (A-C drawn from Solomon &amp; Stein 11660). Reproduced from Knapp (1989) with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library. Illustration by Margaret Tebbs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10320" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Figure 63</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
Peru. Cuzco: Quispicanchis, Marcapata, 12000 ft, 17 Oct 1937, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">D. Stafford 984</emphasis>
(holotype: K [K000585558]; isotypes: BM [BM000815938], F [F-1498721]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
Shrubs with many erect dichasial branches, 1-1.5 m tall, the branches and branchlets erect and densely packed. Stems densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, these persistent; leaf scars very prominent, the stems strongly winged from the decurrent leaf bases; new growth purplish green, glabrous except for a few dendritic trichomes on the revolute leaf margins. Bark of older stems grey-brown, sparsely pubescent with dendritic trichomes. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, 0.9-2.3 cm long, 0.2-0.7 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, shiny, fleshy and coriaceous, both surfaces glabrous except for a few dendritic trichomes on the revolute margins and on the midvein of the adaxial surface; primary veins obsure, relatively few; base attentuate; margins entire, strongly revolute; apex acute, somewhat apiculate; petiole very short to absent, usually 1-2 mm long. Inflorescences terminal, appearing lateral from overtopping shoot growth, 0.2-1 cm long, compact and more or less globose, branching 2-4 times, with 2-5 flowers, the axis completely glabrous and shiny; peduncle 0.3-0.5 cm long, often absent and the inflorescence appearing to arise directly from the stem; pedicels 4.5-5 mm long, tapering from a 
<pageBreakToken pageId="170" pageNumber="171" start="start">basal</pageBreakToken>
diameter of 0.5 mm to an apical diameter of ca. 1 mm, deflexed and nodding at anthesis, glabrous, inserted in a prominent wrinkled sleeve 1-1.5 mm long; pedicel scars tightly spaced. Buds globose, later elliptic, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube conical, ca. 0.5 mm long, the lobes broadly deltate, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces with a few simple trichomes to 0.5 mm long on the margins of the lobes. Corolla 1.4-1.7 cm in diameter, violet, rotate-campanulate, cupulate and nodding at anthesis, lobed 1/2 way to the base or less, the lobes 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, densely pubescent abaxially with dendritic trichomes, adaxially glabrous. Filament tube absent; free portion 
<pageBreakToken pageId="171" pageNumber="172" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
the filaments ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; anthers ca. 2 mm long, 0.5-1.5 m wide, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores becoming slit-like with age. Ovary glabrous or occasionally with a few scattered dendritic trichomes near the apex; style ca. 6 mm long, more or less densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes near the middle; stigma obscurely bilobed. Fruit a globose and slightly apically pointed berry, 6-9 mm in diameter, purplish-black, fleshy with thin pericarp; fruiting pedicels ca. 6 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, woody, deflexed. Seeds ca. 8 per fruit, ca. 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, pale reddish-brown, flattened lenticular, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number: not known.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10320" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" start="Figure 63" startId="F63">
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Figure 63.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbridei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum macbridei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hunz. &amp; Lallana. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">A-C</emphasis>
drawn from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solomon &amp; Stein 11660</emphasis>
). Reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp (1989)</bibRefCitation>
with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library. Illustration by Margaret Tebbs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Distribution of Solanum macbridei Hunz. &amp; Lallana." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10321" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Figure 64</figureCitation>
). S Peru to N Bolivia, 3800-4600 m.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10321" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" start="Figure 64" startId="F64">
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Figure 64.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbridei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum macbridei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hunz. &amp; Lallana.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Above timberline in boulder fields and among rocks in moist puna.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
Conservation status. Possible Near Threatened (possible NT); EOO &lt;75,000 km2 (LC) and AOO&gt;10,000 km2 (LC). See 
<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" refId="B116" refString="Moat, J, 2007. Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cats." title="Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3. x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http: // www. rbgkew. org. uk / cats" year="2007">Moat (2007)</bibRefCitation>
for explanation of measurements.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbridei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum macbridei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically one of the most distinctive members of the entire genus 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is unique in its campanulate corolla and in its small, coriaceous leaves. Sheets of this species have been identified as members of the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" genus="Gentianaceae" lsidName="" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" rank="genus">Gentianaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName genus="Ericaceae" lsidName="" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" rank="genus">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
and as the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fabiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Fabiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav. (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
). The pedicel sleeve characteristic of the 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is very pronounced in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbridei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum macbridei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, partly because the inflorescence is completely glabrous and thus the character is more easily visible than in other more pubescent species in the group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
In his original description of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbridei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum macbridei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Lorentzia" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" pagination="17 - 20" refId="B63" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1981. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XVI. Una nueva especie de Solanum (subg. Solanum) de Peru y Bolivia. Lorentzia 4: 17 - 20" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XVI. Una nueva especie de Solanum (subg. Solanum) de Peru y Bolivia." volume="4" year="1981">Hunziker (1981)</bibRefCitation>
speculated that it was closely related to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. T. Hunziker" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Britton" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum albescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Britton) Hunz. (= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptocaulon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum leptocaulon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Huerck &amp; Mull.-Arg.). Hunziker thought the anthers of both species dehisced by slits rather than pores (the synapomorphy for 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but he was incorrect in the case of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbridei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum macbridei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose anthers are typically solanum-like, dehiscing by terminal pores that are more or less tear-drop shaped. The coriaceous leaves of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptocaulon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum leptocaulon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are almost certainly related to its high elevation habitat, as are those of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macbridei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum macbridei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptocaulon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum leptocaulon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of uncertain affinities in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L. Bohs, pers. comm.), but is clearly also a 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with initially poricidal anthers that only later dehisce by slits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Bolivia</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">La Paz</emphasis>
: La Fabulosa, tin mine at the head of the Challana valley 80 miles north of La Paz, 4024 m, 3 May 1950, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Brooke 6355</emphasis>
(BM, F); Larecaja, Cacacani, 4500 m, Dec 1860, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Mandon 1499</emphasis>
(BM, K); Pedro Domingo Murillo, side valley 0.5 km up from Pongo on gravel road to Mina Alaska (=Mina Copacabana), 6.5 km W of Unduavi, 3850 m, 29 Oct 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Nee &amp; Solomon 30182</emphasis>
(BH, GH, K); Pedro Domingo Murillo, 0.5 km up from Pongo on gravel road to Mina Alaska (Mina Copacabana), 3900 m, 9 May 2001, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Nee et al. 51758</emphasis>
(BM, NY); Pedro Domingo Murillo, 3.5 km W of Pongo on road to Unduavi, 3850 m, 8 Mar 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Solomon &amp; Stein 11660</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Peru</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Cusco</emphasis>
: Quispicanchis, Marcapata, leaving village and heaving back to Cuzco, 11 km from peak, 4350 m, 23 Jul 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Aronson &amp; Berry 541</emphasis>
(F, MO, USM, USM); Paucartambo, Qollatambo, Parque Nacional Manu, 3800 m, 8 Sep 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Cano 4180</emphasis>
(F, MO, USM); Paucartambo, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huáscar">Huascar</normalizedToken>
, Parque Nacional Manu, 3900 m, 9 Sep 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Cano 4225</emphasis>
(USM); Quispicanchis, Marcapata, 4000 m, 20 
<pageBreakToken pageId="172" pageNumber="173" start="start">May</pageBreakToken>
1954, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Hincher P-1270</emphasis>
(F); 55 km E of Ocongate, 4310 m, 19 Jan 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Madison 1038</emphasis>
(GH); Quispicanchis, entre Abra Walla Walla y Marcapata a 210 km de Cusco, 2800 m, 21 Apr 1988, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
V. et al. 8999
</emphasis>
(F, MO); Quispicanchis, Marcapata, Checta cuchi, 4250 m, 11 Dec 1938, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Vargas 1361</emphasis>
(F); Quispichanchis, Marcapata, Ccompi-pampa, on the grade from Huaillai to Hualla-hualla, 4100 m, 11 Dec 1938, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Vargas 9716</emphasis>
(F, K); Paucartambo, Escalerayoc, Dist. Marcachea, 3800 m, 31 Jul 1939, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Vargas 11178</emphasis>
(F); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Puno</emphasis>
: Carabaya, Macusani, 1854, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Lechler 2685</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>