677 lines
133 KiB
XML
677 lines
133 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A288FFF2E49B347985B3D4B871486DDB">The most latent cladoceran in the Holarctic revealed-sinking Unapertura Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000 into the genus Rhynchotalona Norman, 1903 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Chydoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1D3871714E49D840F7DABEDEB88E82AD">Damme, Kay Van</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA5AD460AB95E1FFB436077" bold="true" box="[151,1183,1845,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA5AD460AB95E1FFBCD6077" authority="(Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola, 2000)" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[151,1041,1845,1872]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA5AD460AB95E1FFE7C6068" bold="true" box="[151,416,1845,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Rhynchotalona latens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA5AD460B815E1FFBD56077" author="Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. & Hakojarvi, M. & Korhola, A." box="[431,1033,1845,1871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref7554" refString="Sarmaja-Korjonen, K., Hakojarvi, M. & Korhola, A. (2000) Subfossil remains of an unknown chydorid (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Finland. Hydrobiologia, 436, 165 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1026502219867" type="journal article" year="2000">Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DACD578FFFA5AD460E365E1FFB436077" box="[1048,1183,1845,1871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BB90656DFFA5AD460AB95E50FE0B60CB" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA5AD460AB95E50FE0B60CB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1912,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA5AD460AB95E50FD6460A9" authority="in Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000" authorityName="in Sarmaja-Korjonen" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,696,1912,1937]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Unapertura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
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<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA5AD460AB95E50FE8860A9" box="[151,340,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Unapertura latens</emphasis>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA5AD460B565E52FD6460A9" author="Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. & Hakojarvi, M. & Korhola, A." box="[376,696,1912,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref7554" refString="Sarmaja-Korjonen, K., Hakojarvi, M. & Korhola, A. (2000) Subfossil remains of an unknown chydorid (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Finland. Hydrobiologia, 436, 165 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1026502219867" type="journal article" year="2000">
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Sarmaja-Korjonen
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<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA5AD4608125E50FDAD60A9" box="[572,625,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA5AD4608ED5E52FCDF60A9" box="[707,771,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA5AD4609365E52FB0D60A9" author="Szeroczynska, K. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K." box="[792,1233,1912,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" refId="ref8049" refString="Szeroczynska, K. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. (2007) Atlas of Subfossil Cladocera from Central and Northern Europe. Friends of the Lower Vistula Society, Swiecie, 84 pp." type="book" year="2007">Szeroczyńska & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA5AD460EF05E52FA4560A9" author="Nevalainen L." box="[1246,1433,1912,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" refId="ref7187" refString="Nevalainen L. (2008) Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland-implications for paleolimnology. Ph. D. thesis. Publications of the Department of Geology D 16, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 54 pp. [http: // ethesis. helsinki. fi /]" type="book" year="2008">Nevalainen (2008</bibRefCitation>
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: Figs 11–12);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA5AD460B7F5EB2FDC46088" author="Luoto, T. P. & Nevalainen, L. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K." box="[337,536,1944,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref6988" refString="Luoto, T. P., Nevalainen, L. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. (2013) Zooplankton (Cladocera) in assessments of biologic integrity and reference conditions: application of sedimentary assemblages from shallow boreal lakes. Hydrobiologia, 707, 173 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 012 - 1422 - 4" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Luoto
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||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA5AD460BB85EB3FE186088" box="[406,452,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
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. (2013)
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA5AD46080B5EBDFCC76088" author="Nevalainen, L. & Luoto, T. P. & Kultti, S. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K." box="[549,795,1943,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="1548 - 1559" refId="ref7244" refString="Nevalainen, L., Luoto, T. P., Kultti, S. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. (2013) Spatio-temporal distribution of sedimentary Cladocera (Crustacea: Branciopoda) in relation to climate. Journal of Biogeography, 40, 1548 - 1559. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12101" type="journal article" year="2013">
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||
Nevalainen
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<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA5AD46088F5EB3FD0A6088" box="[673,726,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
|
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(2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA5AD4609095EB2FC826088" author="Nevalainen, L. & Rantala, M. V. & Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P." box="[807,862,1944,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="1954 - 1965" refId="ref7305" refString="Nevalainen, L., Rantala, M. V., Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P. (2018) Spatio-temporal cladoceran (Branchiopoda) responses to climate change and solar radiation in subarctic ecotonal lakes. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1954 - 1965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13371" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
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||
); potentially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA5AD4609C85EB3FB826088" baseAuthorityName="Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[998,1118,1945,1968]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Unapertura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA5AD4609C85EB3FB826088" box="[998,1118,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Unapertura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. in Sweetman & Sarmaja- Korjonen (2017), however the identity of the latter could not be confirmed here without intact specimens, only that it falls within the
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<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA5AD460B1A5EF1FE5160CA" box="[308,397,2010,2034]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Unapertura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
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<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA5AD460B1A5EF1FE5160CA" box="[308,397,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">R. latens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BB90656DFFA6AD450AB959B3FB576440" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AB959B3FD736625" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
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<typeStatus id="2C318844FFA6AD450AB959B3FEDA678B" box="[151,262,153,179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Intact adult parthenogenetic female from Kalatoin near
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<location id="F655603DFFA6AD45095A59B3FBA8678B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B2387F0FFA5AD400AB95E1FFE49639B:F655603DFFA6AD45095A59B3FBA8678B" box="[884,1140,153,179]" country="Finland" county="University of Helsinki" latitude="60.340553" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="24.627527" municipality="Department of Geology" name="Nuuksio National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Nuuksio National Park</location>
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, coordinates
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<geoCoordinate id="96BE5021FFA6AD450AB95997FEE967EE" box="[151,309,188,215]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" precision="1" value="24.627527">E 24°37'39.1''</geoCoordinate>
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, southern
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<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA6AD450B875996FDDD67EE" box="[425,513,188,214]" name="Finland" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Finland</collectingCountry>
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, coll. by
|
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<collectorName id="5E7F5330FFA6AD4508465997FCD467EE" box="[616,776,188,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">L. Nevalainen</collectorName>
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in 2006 and deposited at the
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<collectingMunicipality id="1351AC9CFFA6AD450E7C5997FA8167EE" box="[1106,1373,188,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Department of Geology</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="1A544E6AFFA6AD450F475996FEB267C2" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">University of Helsinki</collectingCounty>
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,
|
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<collectorName id="5E7F5330FFA6AD450B5459CAFE0067C2" box="[378,476,224,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Helsinki</collectorName>
|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA6AD450BC659CAFDE267C2" box="[488,574,224,250]" name="Finland" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA6AD45086059CAFCC767C2" author="Nevalainen L." box="[590,795,224,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" refId="ref7187" refString="Nevalainen L. (2008) Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland-implications for paleolimnology. Ph. D. thesis. Publications of the Department of Geology D 16, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 54 pp. [http: // ethesis. helsinki. fi /]" type="book" year="2008">Nevalainen, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
||
<collectorName id="5E7F5330FFA6AD45090159CAFC8D67C2" box="[815,849,224,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">No</collectorName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C318844FFA6AD45097459CAFC1967C2" box="[858,965,224,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
exist, yet additional photos of specimens from the type locality are included in this study.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE9580CFE3C6693" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE9580CFE6C6679" bold="true" box="[199,432,294,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
One adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed small lake (0.35 ha;
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450AB95860FF0B665C" box="[151,215,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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||
E–F) at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA6AD450BFF5860FDC4665D" box="[465,536,330,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Lapland, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA6AD450AB95844FF3366B0" box="[151,239,366,392]" name="Finland" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coordinates
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BE5021FFA6AD450BA65844FDC166B0" box="[392,541,366,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" precision="1" value="69.68594">N 69°41'9.4''</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96BE5021FFA6AD4508055844FD6166B0" box="[555,701,365,392]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" precision="1" value="27.064138">E 27°3'50.9''</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected by technical research staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute,
|
||
<date id="87341026FFA6AD450B6158BBFE006693" box="[335,476,401,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" value="2012-07-30">30.VII.2012</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE9589EFB576440" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE9589EFCB566F7" bold="true" box="[199,873,436,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Partial description of the adult parthenogenetic female.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD45095D589FFB0166F6" box="[883,1245,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">General Habitus and carapace.</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus oval in lateral view, with an evenly curved, convex dorsal margin, continuing smoothly into a convex posterior carapace region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450AC258D1FEF1652E" box="[236,301,507,534]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, 2A). There is no pronounced posterodorsal corner, and the ventral margin of the body is straight.
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AB95B0AFED96502" box="[151,261,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Carapace</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450B3B5B35FE8B6501" box="[277,343,543,569]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C, 2A, 2C–D) with faint longitudinal striation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD4509BF5B35FC3A6501" box="[913,998,543,569]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
) or with verrucae arranged along rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450A8E5B68FF2B6565" box="[160,247,578,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valve setae 40–50 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450BC75B68FDB56565" box="[489,617,578,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 2A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), in three distinct groups: a medium-sized anterior group, a short middle group, and a posterior group of about 20 conspicuous longer setae. The posterior group contains the longest setae on the carapace margin and these setae increase in size towards the posteroventral corner (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450E445BA3FB35659C" box="[1130,1257,649,676]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 2A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posteriormost seta is about the same length as the postabdominal terminal claw. These setae are implanted with fine setulae on the anterior and the posterior margins and alternated by small setulae on the carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450EAD5BFAFB1665D2" box="[1155,1226,720,746]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D); the posteroventral corner is without a notch and bears no denticles, yet has groups of minute setulae, each group separated by a relatively thicker longer setule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450BD55A3DFD896409" box="[507,597,791,817]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral margin of the valves is straight, with no embayments, and the anterior edge of the carapace has no notches or protrusions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD45096E5A11FC5E646D" box="[832,898,827,853]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, 2A,C). In anterior and in dorsal view, the carapace clearly shows a moderately developed dorsal keel in the median part of the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB90656DFFA6AD440AE95AA8FE54649F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE95AA8FA9C62B4" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE95AA8FE7764A4" box="[199,427,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Cephalic structures.</emphasis>
|
||
The ocellus and the eye are relatively small. Both are of similar size; the diameter of the compound eye is larger than which of the ocellus by only 10–15% (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD4509835A8FFBD16487" box="[941,1037,933,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450E325A8FFBF66487" box="[1052,1066,933,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). The distance between the ocellus and the tip of the rostrum is two times the distance between the centres of the eye and ocellus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450F1B5AE3FA5364DB" box="[1333,1423,969,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rostrum is well developed, in lateral view evenly curved; the tip curved downwards to posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450F345AC6FA87633E" box="[1306,1371,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, 2A–B). The rostrum is two times the length of the first antenna, which is implanted at its base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450E9A5D25FACC6312" box="[1204,1296,1039,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450F355D3AFAE16312" box="[1307,1341,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the aesthetascs do not reach beyond the apex of the rostrum. One oval-shaped major headpore, clearly visible in lateral view as a large
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450B655D7DFE796349" box="[331,421,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">fenestra</emphasis>
|
||
with a chitineous ring (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD4508985D7CFCCC6349" box="[694,784,1110,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
); the main pore is about two times as long as wide along the midline, and situated about 1–1.5x its length from the posterior margin of the headshield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450E845D50FADA63AC" box="[1194,1286,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450F3F5D50FAC263AC" box="[1297,1310,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). Two small pores, situated laterally and just anteriorly of the main pore, at a distance; the distance between the midline of the headshield and the lateral pores is about three times the width (minor axis) of the main pore, or 1.5x time the length (major axis) of the main pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD45084C5DCEFD1B63C6" box="[610,711,1252,1278]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Between the main pore and the lateral pores, connecting darker fields or lines are visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450B995C22FE21621A" box="[439,509,1288,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). The headshield is about 1.5x as long as wide when pressed flat entirely (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450F415C22FF66627D" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and may be ornamented with verrucae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD4508B95C01FD2D627D" box="[663,753,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its total length is about
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA6AD450E385C00FB42627D" box="[1046,1182,1322,1349]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="170.0" valueMax="195.0" valueMin="145.0">145–195µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA6AD450E805C01FF266251" author="Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. & Hakojarvi, M. & Korhola, A." pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref7554" refString="Sarmaja-Korjonen, K., Hakojarvi, M. & Korhola, A. (2000) Subfossil remains of an unknown chydorid (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Finland. Hydrobiologia, 436, 165 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1026502219867" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Sarmaja-Korjonen
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450FA65C06FF686251" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Fornices well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD45081D5C65FD516251" box="[563,653,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). For more details and photos of the separated headshield of Finnish specimens of this species, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA6AD450BC45C58FC9662B4" author="Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. & Hakojarvi, M. & Korhola, A." box="[490,842,1394,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref7554" refString="Sarmaja-Korjonen, K., Hakojarvi, M. & Korhola, A. (2000) Subfossil remains of an unknown chydorid (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Finland. Hydrobiologia, 436, 165 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1026502219867" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Sarmaja-Korjonen
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD4508EE5C59FD2462B4" box="[704,760,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA6AD4509AE5C58FAE062B4" author="Sweetman, J. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K." box="[896,1340,1394,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="291 - 297" refId="ref7923" refString="Sweetman, J. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. (2017) First evidence for the occurrence of Unapertura spp. (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in North America based on subfossil remains. Journal of Paleolimnology, 58, 291 - 297 https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10933 - 017 - 9978 - 7" type="journal article" year="2017">Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE95CBCFF1B62CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE95CBCFEFC6288" box="[199,288,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Labrum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450B015CBCFE5B6288" box="[303,391,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small labral keel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD4508485CBCFD746288" box="[614,680,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, 2A,B) with a moderately convex smooth ventral margin, narrowing towards the posterior apex and with a small lip and a slight indentation; the apex is blunted, not acute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450F415C93FF6662CF" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE95F2AFC5C6105" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE95F2AFEB66122" box="[199,362,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Antennules/A1</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD4508045F2AFD5C6122" box="[554,640,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) long, about three to four times as long as wide, and narrowing towards the apex; nine aesthetascs. Sensory seta and setulation not studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE95F6DFCD9602A" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE95F6DFE706159" box="[199,428,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Second antennae/A2</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450B955F6DFDDC6159" box="[443,512,1607,1633]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F). Relatively short second antennae with stout segments. Coxal spine short and small. Spinal formula 001/101, setal formula 013/003. Exopod and endopod of similar lengths. Spine on the first exopod segment small, about one third the length of the second exopod segment. Terminal spines robust, very large and of similar lengths, about 1.5–
|
||
<date id="87341026FFA6AD45083F5F9BFDF161F4" box="[529,557,1713,1740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">2x</date>
|
||
as long as the last antennal segment on which they are implanted. Seta on the second endopod segment present, about as long as the three segments of the endopod together. Well developed spinule groups present on the antennal segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD45088D5FD2FD24602A" box="[675,760,1784,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE95E36FAF2600E" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" box="[199,1326,1820,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE95E36FE33600E" box="[199,495,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Six pairs of thoracic limbs</emphasis>
|
||
. First five limbs with epipodites, all with elongated finger-like projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE95E6AFB9C6098" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE95E6AFE816061" box="[199,349,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">First limb/P1</emphasis>
|
||
with anterior setule groups. ODL with one long slender seta with fine setulation in the distal half, and just longer than the longest IDL seta; IDL with two developed setae of similar size with a chitinous ring and distal unilateral setulation, with one reduced element between their bases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD4509F75EACFBEF6098" box="[985,1075,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA6AD450AE95E80FAAB60D0" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA6AD450AE95E80FEA760FC" box="[199,379,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Second limb/P2</emphasis>
|
||
with eight scrapers gradually decreasing in size between exopodite and gnathobase. Third scraper long and slender, of similar size as the second scraper, and markedly longer than scraper four (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA6AD450F3E5EE4FAB660D0" box="[1296,1386,1998,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1422,170,1822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen et al. (2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE959B3FD7C678B" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" box="[199,672,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE959B3FEB8678B" box="[199,356,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Third limb/P3</emphasis>
|
||
with seven exopodite setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE95997FD4D67EF" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" box="[199,657,189,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE95997FEA867EF" box="[199,372,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fourth limb/P4</emphasis>
|
||
with six exopodite setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE959CBFD5467C3" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" box="[199,648,225,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE959CBFE8167C3" box="[199,349,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fifth limb/P4</emphasis>
|
||
with four exopodite setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE9582FFABB6627" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" box="[199,1383,260,287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE9582FFE836627" box="[199,351,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Sixth limb/P6</emphasis>
|
||
a simple setulated lobe. Epipodites of P3–P5 visible in the habitus in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD440F2E582FFA866627" box="[1280,1370,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE95803FBDD66EB" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE95803FE83667B" box="[199,351,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Postabdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD440B5E5803FE64667B" box="[368,440,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G–F) widest at the preanal corner, which is pronounced. Length of postabdomen about 2.5x as long as wide, relatively short and robust in relation to the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD4409845867FBC3665F" box="[938,1055,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Figs 1A,C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD440E045867FB8C665F" box="[1066,1104,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral margin straight; dorsodistal postanal margin straight to slightly convex; postanal portion of the postabdomen slightly tapering distally. Dorsodistal embayment (at the basis of the terminal claw) closed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD44095458BFFC1C6697" box="[890,960,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G–F). Preanal margin convex, anal margin straight and just longer than the postanal margin. Postanal corner pronounced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE958F7FDB26593" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
Postanal dorsal margin with five to six large, singular, robust marginal teeth, increasing in size distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD440F4458F7FF096523" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Figs 1A,C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD440ACD5B2BFEDB6523" box="[227,263,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,G–F). The most robust spine is followed distally by a narrow marginal spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD440EBE5B2BFB346523" box="[1168,1256,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral spines strongly developed, only the distal spines clearly arranged in groups, otherwise seemingly a continuous row of lateral spines of similar size (not arranged clearly into lateral fascicles) and continuing into the lateral anal spines while gradually decreasing in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD4408095B47FD5E65BF" box="[551,642,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal margin with two singular proximal teeth and one median group of seven to eight small spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD4408295BBBFDBD6593" box="[519,609,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE95B9FFBD7642F" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
Terminal claw about the same length as the anal margin; claw rather straight. Basal spine on the terminal claw robust, about a third of the terminal claw length, accompanied by four-five short basal spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD440E945BF3FACF65CB" box="[1210,1299,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,170,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The length of the postabdomen and claw together measure ca.
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA7AD4408FA5BD7FCF8642F" box="[724,804,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="100.0">100µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD44091D5BD7FC23642F" author="Nevalainen L." box="[819,1023,765,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" refId="ref7187" refString="Nevalainen L. (2008) Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland-implications for paleolimnology. Ph. D. thesis. Publications of the Department of Geology D 16, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 54 pp. [http: // ethesis. helsinki. fi /]" type="book" year="2008">Nevalainen, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE95A0AFB4F6467" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE95A0AFDB86403" bold="true" box="[199,612,800,827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Ephippial female and ephippium.</emphasis>
|
||
Ephippium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD4408D15A0BFC856403" box="[767,857,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
) briefly described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD440E755A0BFAE86403" author="Nevalainen L." box="[1115,1332,801,827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" refId="ref7187" refString="Nevalainen L. (2008) Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland-implications for paleolimnology. Ph. D. thesis. Publications of the Department of Geology D 16, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 54 pp. [http: // ethesis. helsinki. fi /]" type="book" year="2008">Nevalainen (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: a round single-egged ephippium with thickened dorsal and postero-dorsal margins, size ca.
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA7AD440E125A6FFB536467" box="[1084,1167,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="200.0">200µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE95A42FD0D64BB" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" box="[199,721,872,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE95A42FF2B64BB" bold="true" box="[199,247,872,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Size</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA7AD440AD05A42FE4964BB" box="[254,405,872,899]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, length/width ratio 1.4–1.55
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE95AA7FE54649F" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" box="[199,392,909,935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE95AA7FED7649F" bold="true" box="[199,267,909,935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB90656DFFA7AD440AE95A9AFB13616B" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE95A9AFADE626F" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE95A9AFE9E64F3" bold="true" box="[199,322,944,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440B665A9BFDF164F3" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[328,557,945,971]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440B665A9BFDF164F3" box="[328,557,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Rhychotalona latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DACD578FFFA7AD44081D5A9BFD6F64F3" box="[563,691,945,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD44081D5A9BFD6F64F3" bold="true" box="[563,691,945,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from the rest of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440EDD5A9BFA4164F3" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[1267,1437,945,971]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440EDD5A9BFA4164F3" box="[1267,1437,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Rhynchotalona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a continuous row of five to six marginal teeth on the postabdomen, increasing in size distally. This feature is unique for the genus; all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD4408775AD3FCDF632B" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[601,771,1017,1043]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD4408775AD3FCDF632B" box="[601,771,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Rhynchotalona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have two to three large marginal teeth on the postabdomen. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440B315D34FE5D630F" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[287,385,1053,1079]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440B315D34FE5D630F" box="[287,385,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a row of longer ventral setae on the posterior valve margin, as in the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440F395D34FE566363" authority="Sinev & Kotov, 2014" authorityName="Sinev & Kotov" authorityYear="2014" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440F395D34FA41630F" box="[1303,1437,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. longiseta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD440AB95D6BFE566363" author="Sinev, A. Y. & Kotov, A. A." box="[151,394,1089,1115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" pagination="188 - 210" refId="ref7869" refString="Sinev, A. Y. & Kotov, A. A. (2014) Revision of the Holarctic genus Rhynchotalona Norman, 1903 (Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 188 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.2.2" type="journal article" year="2014">Sinev & Kotov, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD440BE75D6BFD676363" author="Sinev, A. Y. & Kotov, A. A." box="[457,699,1089,1115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" pagination="188 - 210" refId="ref7869" refString="Sinev, A. Y. & Kotov, A. A. (2014) Revision of the Holarctic genus Rhynchotalona Norman, 1903 (Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 188 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.2.2" type="journal article" year="2014">Sinev & Kotov 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but in comparison to the latter,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440E165D68FB406363" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1080,1180,1089,1115]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440E165D68FB406363" box="[1080,1180,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shorter rostrum. The unrevised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440B135D4CFE6A6347" authorityName=", Roen" authorityYear="1973" box="[317,438,1125,1151]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kistarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440B135D4CFE6A6347" box="[317,438,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. kistarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has relatively long posterior ventral valve setae, although not as pronounced as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440FAA5D4CFF06639B" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440FAA5D4CFF06639B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the latter species differs in the armature of the postabdomen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD4409ED5DA0FBF9639B" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[963,1061,1161,1187]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD4409ED5DA0FBF9639B" box="[963,1061,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from its congeners in the position of the lateral pores in the headshield, which are located at some distance and anteriorly to the main pore. In all other species in the genus, the lateral pores are adjacent to the main pore and not situated anteriorly. The adult parthenogenetic female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440BEF5DDCFDFF6237" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[449,547,1269,1295]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440BEF5DDCFDFF6237" box="[449,547,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further separated by its small size, just
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA7AD4409DA5DDEFB846237" box="[1012,1112,1268,1295]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; only adult females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440A995C30FEEE620B" authorityName=", Roen" authorityYear="1973" box="[183,306,1305,1331]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kistarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440A995C30FEEE620B" box="[183,306,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. kistarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall within this size range (
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA7AD4408425C33FCD2620B" box="[620,782,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.32mm</quantity>
|
||
), the other species in the genus are larger, at least
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA7AD440F605C33FA40620B" box="[1358,1436,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD440AB15C17FE4F626F" author="Sinev, A. Y. & Kotov, A. A." box="[159,403,1341,1367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" pagination="188 - 210" refId="ref7869" refString="Sinev, A. Y. & Kotov, A. A. (2014) Revision of the Holarctic genus Rhynchotalona Norman, 1903 (Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 188 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.2.2" type="journal article" year="2014">Sinev & Kotov, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are no denticles on the posteroventral corner of the valves in
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440EB75C14FADE626F" box="[1177,1282,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440EB75C14FB22626F" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1177,1278,1341,1367]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">R. latens</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD440AE95C4BFB13616B" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
Beyond
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440B0B5C4BFE0A6243" box="[293,470,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440B0B5C4BFE0D6243" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[293,465,1377,1403]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhynchotalona</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in general habitus and in postabdomen,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD4409B55C48FC216243" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[923,1021,1377,1403]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD4409B55C48FC216243" box="[923,1021,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be superficially confused with other smaller
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440B1A5CAFFE5C62A7" box="[308,384,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Alona-</emphasis>
|
||
like and
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440BCA5CAFFD9062A7" box="[484,588,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Alonella-</emphasis>
|
||
like chydorids. The potential presence of verrucae on the carapace and the general shape of the postabdomen, may lead to lumping with species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD4409F05C83FB2E62FB" authority="Sars, 1862" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1862" box="[990,1266,1449,1475]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD4409F05C83FBAA62FB" box="[990,1142,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Alona guttata</emphasis>
|
||
Sars, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440F385C83FE7F62D0" authority="(Sars, 1862)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1862" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Coronatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440F385C83FED362DF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Coronatella rectangula</emphasis>
|
||
(Sars, 1862)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD4408255CE7FD7862DF" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[523,676,1485,1511]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Coronatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD4408255CE7FD7862DF" box="[523,676,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">A. rectangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) complexes. In comparison to the latter taxa however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440F335CE4FA5D62DF" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1309,1409,1485,1511]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440F335CE4FA5D62DF" box="[1309,1409,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much smaller, the rostrum is relatively longer, and the marginal spines on the postabdomen are long and singular, not serrated (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440B4D5F3FFE0D6117" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1862" box="[355,465,1557,1583]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440B4D5F3FFE0D6117" box="[355,465,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">A. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or in groups (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD44089F5F3FFC956117" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[689,841,1557,1583]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Coronatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD44089F5F3FFC956117" box="[689,841,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">C. rectangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In addition, the relatively long posterior valve setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440A9A5F10FECA616B" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[180,278,1593,1619]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440A9A5F10FECA616B" box="[180,278,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not found in any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD44082B5F13FD94616B" box="[517,584,1593,1619]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD44082B5F13FD94616B" box="[517,584,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Alona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species in Europe (unless one considers
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440E685F10FB63616B" authorityName=", Roen" authorityYear="1973" box="[1094,1215,1593,1619]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kistarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440E685F10FB63616B" box="[1094,1215,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. kistarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB90656DFFA7AD400AE95F76FE49639B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA7AD400AE95F76FCF06507" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1908]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,153,1187]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440AE95F76FE25614F" bold="true" box="[199,505,1628,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
In contemporary waters, intact specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440E205F74FBAF614F" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1038,1139,1629,1655]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440E205F74FBAF614F" box="[1038,1139,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only been found so far in a few localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA7AD440B995FABFDD161A3" box="[439,525,1665,1691]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD4408315FABFDBB61A3" box="[543,615,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1673,1698]" captionTargetBox="[388,1299,280,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,280,1662]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of the only localities (red circles) where intact specimens of Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. have been found so far, all located in Finland. Current locality, the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River in northern Finnish Lapland (northernmost locality in map, upper red circle). The other northern localities are in the Inari–Utsjoki region in northern Finnish Lapland, lakes (from north to south) Gárggoláttu, Lasâjáávráŝ, Sylvilampi, Vaaranpäällyslampi and Taivaljärvi (Nevalainen et al. 2018). Southern localities, lakes (from north to south) Iso Lehmälampi, Kalatoin, Iso Majaslampi and Hauklampi in the Nuuksio district of southern Finland (Nevalainen 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239865/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA7AD4408C75FABFCE361A3" box="[745,831,1665,1691]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(lakes Hauklampi, Iso Majaslampi, Iso Lehmälampi and Kalatoin, Nuuksio district;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD44082F5F8FFD1B6187" author="Nevalainen L." box="[513,711,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" refId="ref7187" refString="Nevalainen L. (2008) Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland-implications for paleolimnology. Ph. D. thesis. Publications of the Department of Geology D 16, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 54 pp. [http: // ethesis. helsinki. fi /]" type="book" year="2008">Nevalainen 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA7AD44096B5F8FFC476187" box="[837,923,1701,1727]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(lakes Gárggoláttu, Lasâjáávráŝ, Sylvilampi, Vaaranpäällyslampi and Taivaljärvi, Inari–Utsjoki region, Lapland in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD4409955FE3FB5C61DB" author="Nevalainen, L. & Rantala, M. V. & Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P." box="[955,1152,1737,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" pagination="1954 - 1965" refId="ref7305" refString="Nevalainen, L., Rantala, M. V., Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P. (2018) Spatio-temporal cladoceran (Branchiopoda) responses to climate change and solar radiation in subarctic ecotonal lakes. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1954 - 1965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13371" type="journal article" year="2018">Nevalainen 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; small lake near Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland; this study;
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA7AD44096D5FC7FC5F603F" box="[835,899,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F). Complete specimens have been recovered from oligotrophic acidic clear and brown water lakes and ponds, bordered with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA7AD440E0F5E3BFB4B6013" box="[1057,1175,1809,1835]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440E0F5E3BFB4B6013" box="[1057,1175,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rich in submerged vegetation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD440B375E1FFE026077" author="Nevalainen L." box="[281,478,1845,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" refId="ref7187" refString="Nevalainen L. (2008) Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland-implications for paleolimnology. Ph. D. thesis. Publications of the Department of Geology D 16, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 54 pp. [http: // ethesis. helsinki. fi /]" type="book" year="2008">Nevalainen 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA7AD4408A85E1FFBE26077" author="Sweetman, J. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K." box="[646,1086,1845,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" pagination="291 - 297" refId="ref7923" refString="Sweetman, J. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. (2017) First evidence for the occurrence of Unapertura spp. (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in North America based on subfossil remains. Journal of Paleolimnology, 58, 291 - 297 https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10933 - 017 - 9978 - 7" type="journal article" year="2017">Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this species is “
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA7AD440EDD5E1CFD22604B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">not so sensitive to pH, but instead simply prefers oligotrophic waters”.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C318844FFA7AD44092B5E73FCE1604B" box="[773,829,1881,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Kalatoin (Nuuksio district, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA7AD440F135E73FA48604C" box="[1341,1428,1881,1908]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
) is a “
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400AFE59B0FB9F678B" box="[208,1091,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">very acidic and dystrophic small lake (about 1 ha) lake with paludified shores”</emphasis>
|
||
, fish-free and surrounded with bog vegetation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400B655997FDCC67EF" author="Nevalainen L." box="[331,528,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" refId="ref7187" refString="Nevalainen L. (2008) Sexual reproduction in chydorid cladocerans (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in southern Finland-implications for paleolimnology. Ph. D. thesis. Publications of the Department of Geology D 16, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 54 pp. [http: // ethesis. helsinki. fi /]" type="book" year="2008">Nevalainen 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD40086E5997FC8E67EF" author="Nevalainen, L. & Rantala, M. V. & Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P." box="[576,850,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="1954 - 1965" refId="ref7305" refString="Nevalainen, L., Rantala, M. V., Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P. (2018) Spatio-temporal cladoceran (Branchiopoda) responses to climate change and solar radiation in subarctic ecotonal lakes. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1954 - 1965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13371" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nevalainen
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD4008E85994FD2267EF" box="[710,766,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA3AD4009865994FBD667EF" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[936,1034,189,215]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD4009865994FBD667EF" box="[936,1034,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discovered in surface sediment and intact in modern cladoceran communities of northern Finnish Lapland, it thrives in transparent or brown-water low pH lakes. The current subarctic study site near Utsjoki River in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA3AD4009DE582FFB9A6627" box="[1008,1094,261,287]" name="Finland" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
is surrounded by a rim of wetland; the catchment vegetation consisting of mixed pine and mountain birch woodland (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BB12A63FFA3AD400E5F5803FB68667B" box="[1137,1204,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,209,1645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchotalona latens (Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000) comb. nov. Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and Eriophorum vaginatum (F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F). Based on this,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA3AD400AB95864FF24665F" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[151,248,333,359]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Rhychotalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400AB95864FF24665F" box="[151,248,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to occur also in wetland lakes with habitats rich in vegetation (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA3AD400E075867FB33665F" authority=", Carex" authorityName="Carex" box="[1065,1263,333,359]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400E075867FB33665F" box="[1065,1263,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Sphagnum, Carex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and soft gyttja sediments, in common with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400BFD585BFD3966B3" author="Nevalainen, L. & Rantala, M. V. & Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P." box="[467,741,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="1954 - 1965" refId="ref7305" refString="Nevalainen, L., Rantala, M. V., Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P. (2018) Spatio-temporal cladoceran (Branchiopoda) responses to climate change and solar radiation in subarctic ecotonal lakes. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1954 - 1965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13371" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nevalainen
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD4008775858FD4D66B3" box="[601,657,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, more surveys are needed to understand its ecology. The true contemporary distribution is unknown. Headshield and postabdomen remains have been suggested during the analysis of recent sediments of lakes in the Tatrá Mountains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD4009715893FB0666EC" author="Sienkiewicz, E. & Gasiorowski, M." box="[863,1242,441,468]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="129 - 150" refId="ref7811" refString="Sienkiewicz, E. & Gasiorowski, M. (2016) The effect of fish stocking on mountain lake plankton communities identified using palaeobiological analyses of bottom sediment cores. Journal of Paleolimnology, 55, 129 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10933 - 015 - 9870 - 2" type="journal article" year="2016">Sienkiewicz & Gąsiorowski 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Alps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400F7B5893FEC866CF" author="Bigler, C. & Heiri, O. & Krskova, R. & Lotter, A. F. & Sturm, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="154 - 171" refId="ref6636" refString="Bigler, C., Heiri, O., Krskova, R., Lotter, A. F. & Sturm, M. (2006) Distribution of diatoms, chironomids and cladocera in surface sediments of thirty mountain lakes in south-eastern Switzerland. Aquatic Sciences, 68, 154 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00027 - 006 - 0813 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bigler
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400AB958F4FF0D66CF" box="[151,209,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400B0E58F7FE3B66CF" author="Milan, M. & Bigler, C. & Tolotti, M. & Szeroczynska, K." box="[288,487,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="335 - 351" refId="ref7054" refString="Milan, M., Bigler, C., Tolotti, M. & Szeroczynska, K. (2017) Effects of long term nutrient and climate variability on subfossil Cladocera in a deep, subalpine lake (Lake Garda, northern Italy). Journal of Paleolimnology, 58, 335 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10933 - 017 - 9981 - z" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Milan
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400B4558F4FE7966CF" box="[363,421,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the central Canadian treeline region in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314EF804FFA3AD400E0458F7FAC766CF" box="[1066,1307,477,503]" country="Canada" name="Northwest Territories" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Northwest Territories</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA3AD400F6F58F7FA4466CF" box="[1345,1432,477,503]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which may indicate a wider Palaearctic and potential Holarctic distribution for this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400E8E5B2BFA446523" author="Sweetman, J. & Ruhland, K. M. & Smol, J. P." box="[1184,1432,513,539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="76 - 87" refId="ref7987" refString="Sweetman, J., Ruhland, K. M. & Smol, J. P. (2010) Environmental and sptial factors influencing the distribution of cladocerans in lakes across the central Canadian Arctic treeline region. Journal of Limnology, 69, 76 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.4081 / jlimnol. 2010.76" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Sweetman
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400F305B28FA8A6523" box="[1310,1366,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400AB95B0FFDE36507" author="Sweetman, J. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K." box="[151,575,549,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="291 - 297" refId="ref7923" refString="Sweetman, J. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. (2017) First evidence for the occurrence of Unapertura spp. (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anomopoda, Chydoridae) in North America based on subfossil remains. Journal of Paleolimnology, 58, 291 - 297 https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10933 - 017 - 9978 - 7" type="journal article" year="2017">Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or species complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A7F5666EFFA0AD430AB95F8DFE3860D8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239859/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" startId="4.[151,250,1703,1728]" targetBox="[151,1436,209,1645]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA0AD430AB95F8DFE3860D8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1703,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA0AD430AB95F8DFECF61F8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1703,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA0AD430B375F82FC3761F8" authority="(Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola, 2000)" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[281,1003,1703,1728]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA0AD430B375F82FE2961F8" box="[281,501,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Rhynchotalona latens</emphasis>
|
||
(Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DACD578FFFA0AD4309DF5F82FBB861F8" box="[1009,1124,1704,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA0AD4309DF5F82FBB861F8" bold="true" box="[1009,1124,1704,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Adult parthenogenetic female, ephippium and habitat. A, intact parthenogenetic female (holotype) from Lake Kalatoin, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by activity traps in mid July 2006, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). B, remains of an adult parthenogenetic female from Lake Kalatoin, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early May 2005. C, degraded adult parthenogenetic female specimen from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in late May 2005. D, cast ephippium and dormant embryo with postabdomen still attached from Lake Iso-Majaslampi, Nuuksio district, southern Finland, sampled by sweep net in early August 2005, photo reproduced after Nevalainen (2008). E–F, lake and catchment view over the unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Lapland, northern Finland (E) and littoral vegetation including moss and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA0AD430F0E5EA2FEDE60F8" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Eriophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaginatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA0AD430F0E5EA2FEDE60F8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="467">Eriophorum vaginatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(F); photos taken in late July 2012 during the sampling. A–D. scale bars 200 µm. All specimens mounted on glycerol gelatin stained with safranin
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A7F5666EFFA1AD420AB95E66FC0B60DD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239861/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" startId="5.[151,250,1868,1893]" targetBox="[163,1420,188,1844]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA1AD420AB95E66FC0B60DD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1868,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA1AD420AB95E66FECF605D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1868,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA1AD420B375E67FC37605D" authority="(Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola, 2000)" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[281,1003,1868,1893]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA1AD420B375E67FE29605D" box="[281,501,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">Rhynchotalona latens</emphasis>
|
||
(Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DACD578FFFA1AD4209DF5E67FBB8605D" box="[1009,1124,1869,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA1AD4209DF5E67FBB8605D" bold="true" box="[1009,1124,1869,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="468">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Adult parthenogenetic female, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, habitus in lateral view, antennal setae omitted. B, head in lateral view, antenna omitted. C, ventral valve setae. D, posteroventral valve corner and setae. E, labral keel. F–G, postabdomen (G) bearing a row of five robust postanal teeth (F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A7F5666EFFA2AD410AB95E00FB9060DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239863/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" startId="6.[151,250,1834,1859]" targetBox="[184,1399,189,1795]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA2AD410AB95E00FB9060DA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1834,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA2AD410AB95E00FECF607B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1834,1859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA2AD410B375E00FC37607A" authority="(Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola, 2000)" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[281,1003,1834,1859]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA2AD410B375E00FE29607A" box="[281,501,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">Rhynchotalona latens</emphasis>
|
||
(Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojärvi & Korhola, 2000)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DACD578FFFA2AD4109DF5E00FBB8607A" box="[1009,1124,1834,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA2AD4109DF5E00FBB8607A" bold="true" box="[1009,1124,1834,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Adult parthenogenetic female. A–C after Sarmaja-Korjonen
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA2AD410BED5E61FE2A605A" box="[451,502,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000) and Sweetman & Sarmaja-Korjonen (2017). E–H, intact specimen from an unnamed pond near Kenesjärvi of the Utsjoki River, Tenojoki tributary, Utsjoki region, Lapland, Finland, collected by by research technical staff of the Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, 30.7.2012. A, headpores. B, headshield, dorsal view. C, headshield with verrucae, lateral view. D, antennular corm. E, second antenna, setulation and terminal setae omitted. F, second antenna, terminal segment of exopodite. G, first limb, ODL and IDL. H, second limb, contours of scraper setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA3AD400AE95B63FCDC64BB" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1187]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">
|
||
In the Polish Tatrá Mountains, subfossils of the species appear briefly in the sediment record of an oligotrophic fishless freshwater lake Wielski Staw Polski (alt.
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA3AD4008E05B46FCC165BF" box="[718,797,620,647]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6649999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="1665.0">1665m</quantity>
|
||
) around the years 1850 and again in 1950, but not later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400AB15BBBFDFD6594" author="Sienkiewicz, E. & Gasiorowski, M." box="[159,545,657,684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="129 - 150" refId="ref7811" refString="Sienkiewicz, E. & Gasiorowski, M. (2016) The effect of fish stocking on mountain lake plankton communities identified using palaeobiological analyses of bottom sediment cores. Journal of Paleolimnology, 55, 129 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10933 - 015 - 9870 - 2" type="journal article" year="2016">Sienkiewicz & Gąsiorowski 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD40081B5BBBFCD26594" author="Bigler, C. & Heiri, O. & Krskova, R. & Lotter, A. F. & Sturm, M." box="[565,782,657,684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="154 - 171" refId="ref6636" refString="Bigler, C., Heiri, O., Krskova, R., Lotter, A. F. & Sturm, M. (2006) Distribution of diatoms, chironomids and cladocera in surface sediments of thirty mountain lakes in south-eastern Switzerland. Aquatic Sciences, 68, 154 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00027 - 006 - 0813 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bigler
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD4008AD5BB8FD606593" box="[643,700,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mention it from recent remains in surface sediments (
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA3AD400F5F5BBBFF6765F7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
) of two out of 30 oligotrophic mountain lakes studied (Lej Pitschen, alt.
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA3AD400E2E5B9FFB9265F7" box="[1024,1102,693,719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.223" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="2223.0">2223m</quantity>
|
||
and Lej Marsch, alt.
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA3AD400F6B5B9FFA4865F7" box="[1349,1428,693,719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8119999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="1812.0">1812m</quantity>
|
||
) in the Swiss Alps;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400B465BF3FDE065CB" author="Milan, M. & Bigler, C. & Tolotti, M. & Szeroczynska, K." box="[360,572,729,755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="335 - 351" refId="ref7054" refString="Milan, M., Bigler, C., Tolotti, M. & Szeroczynska, K. (2017) Effects of long term nutrient and climate variability on subfossil Cladocera in a deep, subalpine lake (Lake Garda, northern Italy). Journal of Paleolimnology, 58, 335 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10933 - 017 - 9981 - z" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Milan
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400B9C5BF0FE3665CB" box="[434,490,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mention the species from a core in the littoral zone of the Bardolino Basin at the subalpine Lake Garda (alt.
|
||
<quantity id="34729B03FFA3AD400BDD5BD6FDFA642F" box="[499,550,764,791]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="65.0">65m</quantity>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA3AD40087D5BD7FD5B642F" box="[595,647,765,791]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but provide no date for the age of occurrence; Sweetman & Sarmaja- Korjonen (2017) found subfossils from recent surface sediments in two oligotrophic lowland lakes (named TK-18 and TK-32) in the central Canadian Arctic Treeline region, NE of Great Slave Lake,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314EF804FFA3AD400E6B5A6FFAEA6467" box="[1093,1334,837,863]" country="Canada" name="Northwest Territories" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Northwest Territories</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA3AD400F6F5A6FFA456467" box="[1345,1433,837,863]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Intact specimens from the Nearctic are yet to be found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F33536E6FFA3AD400AE95AA7FE49639B" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1187]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">
|
||
Based on analysis of cladoceran remains in surface sediments, representative of modern cladoceran communities, the taxon appears to be relatively common across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA3AD4008D75A9BFC8D64F3" box="[761,849,945,971]" name="Finland" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, although mostly not an abundant part of the cladoceran communities. It was present as fossils in 26 of 73 lakes studied across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA3AD4009DC5AFFFB9464D7" box="[1010,1096,981,1007]" name="Finland" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
from 60 to 70°N (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD400F355AFFFEC8632B" author="Nevalainen, L. & Luoto, T. P. & Kultti, S. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K." pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="1548 - 1559" refId="ref7244" refString="Nevalainen, L., Luoto, T. P., Kultti, S. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. (2013) Spatio-temporal distribution of sedimentary Cladocera (Crustacea: Branciopoda) in relation to climate. Journal of Biogeography, 40, 1548 - 1559. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12101" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Nevalainen
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400AB95AD0FF16632B" box="[151,202,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and five of 31 lakes studied in north eastern Finnish Lapland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD4009C25AD3FB29632B" author="Nevalainen, L. & Rantala, M. V. & Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P." box="[1004,1269,1017,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="1954 - 1965" refId="ref7305" refString="Nevalainen, L., Rantala, M. V., Rautio, M. & Luoto, T. P. (2018) Spatio-temporal cladoceran (Branchiopoda) responses to climate change and solar radiation in subarctic ecotonal lakes. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1954 - 1965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13371" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nevalainen
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400E585AD0FB6C632B" box="[1142,1200,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where it also occurred in modern communities of five lakes (two lakes being the same with the fossil distribution). We may expect the species in other regions of the northern Palaearctic as well.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="971B4B17FFA3AD4009B95D6BFBB26363" author="Kattel, G. R. & Dong, X. & Yang, X." box="[919,1134,1088,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" pagination="8247 - 8287" refId="ref6808" refString="Kattel, G. R., Dong, X. & Yang, X. (2015) A century scale human-induced hydrological and ecological changes of wetlands of two large river basins in Australia (Murray) and China (Yangtze): development of an adaptive water resource management framework. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 12, 8247 - 8287. https: // doi. org / 10.5194 / hessd- 12 - 8247 - 2015" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Kattel
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD4009CD5D68FBC96363" box="[995,1045,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mention recent remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA3AD400AB95D4CFF266347" authorityName="Damme & Nevalainen" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Sarmaja-Korjonen, Hakojarvi & Korhola" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[151,250,1125,1151]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rhynchotalona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400AB95D4CFF266347" box="[151,250,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">R. latens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="348A4D65FFA3AD400B075D4CFE716347" baseAuthorityName="Nevalainen" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[297,429,1126,1151]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Unapertura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1FEEAF4FFA3AD400B075D4CFE716347" box="[297,429,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Unapertura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Zhangdu Lake in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="314EF804FFA3AD4008ED5D4FFCA96347" box="[707,885,1125,1151]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Hubei Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8B9D7676FFA3AD4009FA5D4FFBC66347" box="[980,1050,1125,1151]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, however the identifications could not be confirmed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |