253 lines
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253 lines
32 KiB
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<mods:title id="D340BCC520EA6D98B1DCD42C57565259">A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Vibilioidea Bowman and Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea)</mods:title>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="72122914AB5BFF84FB41F9E6FE0BC09A" author="Pirlot, J. M." page="104" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5BFF84FB41F9E6FE0BC09A" author="Pirlot, J. M." pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref38446" refString="Pirlot, J. M. (1929) Resultats zoologiques de la croisiere atlantique de l' ' Armauer Hansen' (Mai- Juin 1922). 1. Les Amphipodes Hyperides. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, serie 3. 15 (2), 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">Pirlot 1929: 104</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="72122914AB5BFF84FE1FF9C6FDDDC09A" author="Hurley, D. E." box="[433,624,1662,1685]" page="136" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1955">
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<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5BFF84FE1FF9C6FDDDC09A" author="Hurley, D. E." box="[433,624,1662,1685]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="119 - 194" refId="ref37081" refString="Hurley, D. E. (1955) Pelagic amphipods of the sub-order Hyperiidea in New Zealand waters. I. Systematics. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 83 (1), 119 - 194." type="journal article" year="1955">Hurley 1955: 136</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="72122914AB5BFF84FDD4F9C6FC04C09A" author="Vinogradov, M. E. & Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N." box="[634,937,1662,1686]" page="256" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5BFF84FDD4F9C6FC04C09A" author="Vinogradov, M. E. & Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N." box="[634,937,1662,1686]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref40377" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor)." type="book" year="1982">
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Vinogradov
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<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5BFF84FD51F9C7FC80C099" box="[767,813,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
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. 1982: 256
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="72122914AB5BFF84FC1DF9C6FB1EC09A" author="Vinogradov, G. M." box="[947,1203,1662,1685]" page="1177" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1999">
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?
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<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5BFF84FEBAF927FEF9C0B9" box="[276,340,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Daira</emphasis>
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. —
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— (part)
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.
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BBA95C8EAB5BFF84FE96F897FB53C17E" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5BFF84FE96F897FB53C17E" blockId="86.[264,1322,1799,1905]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5BFF84FE96F897FD70C146" ID-CoL="4D8GK" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[312,733,1839,1865]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5BFF84FE96F897FDE9C147" box="[312,580,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraphronima gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5BFF84FDE3F897FD70C146" author="Claus, C." box="[589,733,1839,1865]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref36371" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Der Organismus der Phronimiden. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institute der Universitat Wien und der Zoologischen Station in Triest 2, 1 - 88 (59 - 146), pls 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C08B1A7AB5BFF84FD5FF897FC86C146" box="[753,811,1839,1865]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material could not be found at the ZMB or ZMH and is considered lost. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5BFF84FD73F8EFFC25C17F" ID-CoL="7PPY6" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[733,904,1879,1904]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5BFF84FD73F8EFFC25C17F" box="[733,904,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraphronima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a readily recognisable genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BBA95C8EAB5AFF85FEA6FEA4FCD9C0D9" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FEA6FEA4FED2C73A" blockId="87.[264,966,284,390]" box="[264,383,284,309]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FEA6FEA4FED2C73A" box="[264,383,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FE96FEFCFC6BC751" blockId="87.[264,966,284,390]" box="[312,966,324,350]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">The characters of the family are also those of the genus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FE96FED4FE62C789" blockId="87.[264,966,284,390]" box="[312,463,364,390]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Two species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FEA6FE04FE47C7DA" blockId="87.[264,1323,444,870]" box="[264,490,444,469]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FEA6FE04FE47C7DA" box="[264,490,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FE96FE5CFCB1C429" blockId="87.[264,1323,444,870]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5AFF85FE96FE5CFE49C7F2" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[312,484,484,509]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FE96FE5CFE49C7F2" box="[312,484,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraphronima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusual in that coxae 2–5 are separate in females, whereas in males all of the coxae are fused with the pereonites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FE96FD8CFD86C569" blockId="87.[264,1323,444,870]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">As with most hyperiideans, the morphology of the antennae is a useful means to differentiate the sexes. The first antennae are slightly shorter than the head in males and less than half the length of the head in females, and the callynophore of males is slightly inflated, with a twofield brush of aesthetascs on the medial surface. The second antennae of females are reduced to two articles, and are only about half as long as the first antennae, whereas in males they are about as long as the first antennae, with the basal and terminal article greatly elongated. The head of males also seems to be slightly smaller and more rounded than in females.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FEA6FC24FEC3C5BA" blockId="87.[264,1324,924,1750]" box="[264,366,924,949]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FEA6FC24FEC3C5BA" box="[264,366,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FE96FC7CFE49C221" blockId="87.[264,1324,924,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5AFF85FE96FC7CFE4EC5D2" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[312,483,964,989]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FE96FC7CFE4EC5D2" box="[312,483,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraphronima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very distinctive genus that does not resemble any other hyperiidean. There are six nominal species referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5AFF85FCFEFC54FC56C20A" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[848,1019,1004,1029]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FCFEFC54FC56C20A" box="[848,1019,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraphronima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but only two are recognised in this review.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FE96FB84FCEDC361" blockId="87.[264,1324,924,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
The large eyes indicate an active pelagic lifestyle, and in freshly caught plankton samples
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5AFF85FEDCFBDCFDB0C272" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[370,541,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FEDCFBDCFDB0C272" box="[370,541,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraphronima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually the most active hyperiidean. Both species are often found in surface waters but rarely below
|
||
<quantity id="344BA2E0AB5AFF85FCAFFB34FCE2C2A9" box="[769,847,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FCCFFB34FBD2C2A9" author="Vinogradov, M. E. & Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N." box="[865,1151,1164,1190]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref40377" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor)." type="book" year="1982">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FC56FB34FB82C2AA" box="[1016,1071,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and seem to undergo diurnal vertical migrations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FD15FB0CFCCCC2C1" author="Brusca, G. J." box="[699,865,1204,1230]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="382 - 393" refId="ref35698" refString="Brusca, G. J. (1967 a) The ecology of pelagic amphipods, I: Species accounts, vertical zonation and migration of amphipods from the waters off southern California. Pacific Science, 21 (3), 382 - 393." type="journal article" year="1967">Brusca 1967a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FCC1FB0CFB8DC2C1" author="Thurston, M. H." box="[879,1056,1204,1230]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="383 - 470" refId="ref39886" refString="Thurston, M. H. (1976) The vertical distribution and diurnal migration of the Crustacea Amphipoda collected during the SOND cruise, 1965. II. The Hyperiidea and general discussion. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 56, 383 - 470." type="journal article" year="1976">Thurston 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The main reproductive period seems to be at the end of Summer and in Autumn (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FC42FB64FB3EC2F9" author="Brusca, G. J." box="[1004,1171,1244,1270]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="449 - 456" refId="ref35744" refString="Brusca, G. J. (1967 b) The ecology of pelagic amphipods, II: Observation on the reproductive cycles of several pelagic amphipods from the waters off southern California. Pacific Science 21 (4), 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1967">Brusca 1967b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FB0EFB64FE23C311" author="Vinogradov, M. E. & Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N." pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref40377" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor)." type="book" year="1982">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FEA6FABCFE93C312" box="[264,318,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although females with eggs are found throughout the year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FBDCFABCFAB3C311" author="Brusca, G. J." box="[1138,1310,1284,1310]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="449 - 456" refId="ref35744" refString="Brusca, G. J. (1967 b) The ecology of pelagic amphipods, II: Observation on the reproductive cycles of several pelagic amphipods from the waters off southern California. Pacific Science 21 (4), 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1967">Brusca 1967b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Only one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5AFF85FE40FA94FDD1C34A" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[494,636,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FE40FA94FDD1C34A" box="[494,636,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. crassipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been found in association with siphonophores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FAA7FA94FE32C361" author="Lo Bianco, S." pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="513 - 761" refId="ref37847" refString="Lo Bianco, S. (1909) Notizie biologiche riguardanti specialmente il periodo di maturita sessual degli animali del golfo di Napoli. Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 19, 513 - 761." type="journal article" year="1909">Lo Bianco 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FE02FAECFD30C361" author="Harbison, G. R. & Biggs, D. C. & Madin, L. P." box="[428,669,1364,1390]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="465 - 488" refId="ref36924" refString="Harbison, G. R., Biggs, D. C. & Madin, L. P. (1977) The associations of Amphipoda Hyperiidea with gelatinous zooplankton - II. Associations with Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Radiolaria. Deep-Sea Research, 24, 465 - 488." type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
Harbison
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FDB0FAECFDFFC362" box="[542,594,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1977
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FD04FAECFC9EC361" author="Laval, P." box="[682,819,1364,1390]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="11 - 56" refId="ref37656" refString="Laval, P. (1980) Hyperiid amphipods as crustacean parasitoids associated with gelatinous plankton. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review, 18, 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="1980">Laval 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FE96FAC4FCA8C001" blockId="87.[264,1324,924,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">The two species are very similar morphologically, and many errors in identifications were found in the various collections examined. Often both species are present in the one sample! It is therefore pointless to provide a full reference list for each species, and only synonymies are given in the following text.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F30C0F05AB5AFF85FE96F9A4FCD9C0D9" blockId="87.[264,1324,924,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
It should be noted here that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FD21F9A4FCC5C039" author="Claus, C." box="[655,872,1564,1590]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="269 - 271" refId="ref36348" refString="Claus, C. (1878) Ueber Herz und Gefasssystem der Hyperiden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 1, 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="1878">Claus (1878: 270)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5AFF85FC49F9A4FB3EC03A" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[999,1171,1564,1589]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FC49F9A4FB3EC03A" box="[999,1171,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraphronima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a general paper on hyperiideans but does not provide any characters to distinguish it from other genera. Obviously Claus intended this paper to follow his diagnosis of the genus in 1879. As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FEA6F92CFE0BC0A1" author="Claus, C." box="[264,422,1684,1710]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="269 - 271" refId="ref36348" refString="Claus, C. (1878) Ueber Herz und Gefasssystem der Hyperiden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 1, 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="1878">Claus (1878)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not diagnose the genus, and for the sake of nomenclatural stability,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34B37486AB5AFF85FEA6F904FE19C0DA" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[264,436,1724,1749]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraphronimidae" genus="Paraphronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D317AB5AFF85FEA6F904FE19C0DA" box="[264,436,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraphronima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be credited with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="972272F4AB5AFF85FD7AF904FCDDC0D9" author="Claus, C." box="[724,880,1724,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref36371" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Der Organismus der Phronimiden. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institute der Universitat Wien und der Zoologischen Station in Triest 2, 1 - 88 (59 - 146), pls 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |