treatments-xml/data/7A/3D/49/7A3D49713F1F893AFF00F99A89B0FDE8.xml

<document id="FF94F54AB42FCFEFFE5350A7C45267EA" ID-DOI="10.37828/em.2024.71.9" ID-ISSN="2336-9744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13247953" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5D460FBD-DCC5-4AD7-A9D6-C86820257E2C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722973470225" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Churkin, Sergei V. &amp; Yakovlev, Roman V." docDate="2024" docId="7A3D49713F1F893AFF00F99A89B0FDE8" docLanguage="en" docName="EcolMontenegrina.71.101-111.pdf" docOrigin="Ecologica Montenegrina 71" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.71.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE.2:EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE" docStyleName="EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Clossiana freija subsp. antipodes Churkin &amp; Yakovlev, 2024, ssp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D454DB70-C032-470B-A104-1C028383DE31" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="860431093F1C893CFFBDFFF58D74FF9B" masterDocTitle="Short review of Clossiana freija (Thunberg, 1791) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) from Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia with the description of two new subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="111" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1722982886811" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DC8089C7A9F96244B3F7002803993B0C">Short review of Clossiana freija (Thunberg, 1791) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) from Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia with the description of two new subspecies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD184070A828BD05F9559B5D854AF3F6">Churkin, Sergei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0799841B342324A407D41519B476FA99">The Museum of Natural History St. Alexis Hermitage, Yaroslavl reg., Novoalexeevka, 4 - 1, 152049, Russia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9195 - 0340</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E422DAC60E50B10C484535F1D4F119FC">Yakovlev, Roman V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F64BD8E7B75A7CB7F5157524F7949E3">Altai State University, Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9512 - 8709 &amp; Tomsk State University, Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia. &amp; Western Caspian University, 31, Istiglaliyyat Street, Baku, Azerbaijan Corresponding author. E-mail: yakovlev _ asu @ mail. ru</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="359483E43F1F893FFF00F99A8C8CF912" authorityName="Churkin &amp; Yakovlev" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,504,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="freija" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="antipodes">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F1F893FFF00F99A8C8CF912" bold="true" box="[189,504,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Clossiana freija antipodes</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="6AAFE4E23F1F893FFF00F95A8C58F952" box="[189,300,1711,1737]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[189,265,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,274,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-279@5.[189,1398,257,1517]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Clossiana freija, adult specimens (upperside): 1 – Clossiana freija antipodes ssp. nova, holotype, male, East Kazakhstan, Saur Mts., Tas Mt., 2600−2850 m, 25−30.06.2003, K. Dovgailo &amp; N. Rubin leg.; 2 – C. f. antipodes ssp. nova, paratype, female, same data as 1; 3 – C. f. antipodes ssp. nova, paratype, male, East Kazakhstan, Saur Mts., Karagaily R. (upper stream), Shakpaktas Mt., 2400−2700 m, 10-15.06.2006, K. Dovgailo leg.; 4 – C. f. pallida, male, Russia, Altai, Kuraisky Mts., Kurai vic., 27.06.1995, A. Aniskovich leg.; 5 – C. f. pallida, female, same data as 4; 6 – C. f. pallida, male, Mongolia, Mongol Altai, SE edges, 30 km S Biger somon, 2700−3000 m, 20.06.2003, S. Churkin leg.; 7 – C. f. calais, male, Russia, Tuva, Khoromnug-Taiga, south.sl., Ukar-Khem r., 31.05.2010, S. Vaschenko leg.; 8 – C. f. calais, female, same data as 7; 9 – C. f. pallida, female, Kazakhstan, South Altai, Sarym-Sakty Mts., Sarym-Sakty r. (upp. stream), 2800-3000 m, 20-24.06.1998, S. Churkin leg.; 10 – Clossiana freija batchimeg ssp. nova, holotype, male, Mongolia, 30 km N Ulan-Bator, Sanzain am (valley), 21.05.2019, 1600-1700 m, T. Odbayar leg.; 11 – C. f. batchimeg ssp. nova, paratype, female, same data as 10; 12 – C. f.batchimeg ssp. nova, paratype, male, same data as 10; 13 – C. f. batchimeg ssp. nova, paratype, male, same data as 10; 14 – C. f. freija, male, Russia, Chita reg. [Zabaikalskyi Krai], North Transbaikalia, Kodar Mts., B. Leprindo Lake, 1100-1300 m, 21.07.2001, A. Aniskovich; 15 – C. f. freija, female, same data as 14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13247955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13247955/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(upperside) —2 (underside): 1, 2, 3.
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: male, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 25- 
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&amp; 
<collectorName id="5F619DB13F1F893FFAE7F9078C71F8B5" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">N. Rubin</collectorName>
leg.
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</emphasis>
: 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<collectingMunicipality id="124F621D3F1F893FFC1CF8E1896CF8B5" box="[929,1048,1812,1838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Saur Mts.</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="F74BAEBC3F1F893FFB9AF8E189FCF8B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A3D49713F1F893AFF00F99A89B0FDE8:F74BAEBC3F1F893FFB9AF8E189FCF8B5" box="[1063,1160,1812,1838]" municipality="Saur Mts." name="Tas Mt." pageId="3" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy">Tas Mt.</location>
, 
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, 25- 
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<collectingDate id="966E274F3F1F893FFF00F8C38C30F8CB" box="[189,324,1846,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" value="2003-06-30">30.06.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="5F619DB13F1F893FFEECF8C38C97F8CB" box="[337,483,1846,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">K. Dovgailo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="5F619DB13F1F893FFDB6F8C38F03F8CB" box="[523,631,1846,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">N. Rubin</collectorName>
leg.
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; 
<specimenCount id="E49233EE3F1F893FFD01F8C38E7BF8CB" box="[700,783,1846,1872]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="E49233EE3F1F893FFCA6F8C38EF1F8CB" box="[795,901,1846,1872]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, same loc., 
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, 21.06.− 
<date id="862ADEA73F1F893FFB6EF8C3883AF8CB" box="[1235,1358,1846,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" value="2003-07-03">3.07.2003</date>
, K. Dovgailo &amp; N. Rubin leg.; 
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, 
<specimenCount id="E49233EE3F1F893FFDD9F8AD8FB8F8E9" box="[612,716,1880,1906]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="305036853F1F893FFD6AF8AD8EE9F8E9" box="[727,925,1880,1906]" country="Kazakhstan" name="Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">East Kazakhstan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="1B4A80EB3F1F893FFC15F8AD8968F8E9" box="[936,1052,1880,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Saur Mts.</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="124F621D3F1F893FFB95F8AD89EFF8E9" box="[1064,1179,1880,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Karagaily</collectingMunicipality>
<collectionCode id="948560A23F1F893FFB1FF8AD89CDF8E9" box="[1186,1209,1880,1906]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">R</collectionCode>
. (upper stream), 
<location id="F74BAEBC3F1F893FFF00F88C8C0EF808" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A3D49713F1F893AFF00F99A89B0FDE8:F74BAEBC3F1F893FFF00F88C8C0EF808" box="[189,378,1913,1939]" county="Saur Mts." municipality="Karagaily" name="Shakpaktas Mt." pageId="3" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy">Shakpaktas Mt.</location>
, 
<quantity id="356C55823F1F893FFE2DF88C8F4EF808" box="[400,570,1913,1939]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2550.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2400.0">
<elevation id="79B91F543F1F893FFE2DF88C8F4EF808" box="[400,570,1913,1939]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2550.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400−2700 m</elevation>
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, 10- 
<date id="862ADEA73F1F893FFDD1F88C8F83F808" box="[620,759,1913,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" value="2006-06-15">
<collectingDate id="966E274F3F1F893FFDD1F88C8F83F808" box="[620,759,1913,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" value="2006-06-15">15.06.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="5F619DB13F1F893FFCBBF88C8EEEF808" box="[774,922,1913,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">K. Dovgailo</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount id="E49233EE3F1F893FFC5FF88C8936F808" box="[994,1090,1913,1939]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="E49233EE3F1F893FFBECF88C89BCF808" box="[1105,1224,1913,1939]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, same loc., N. Rubin &amp; Yu. Sobolevskaya leg.; 
<materialsCitation id="42FCF23A3F1F893FFDFBF86E8C1CF863" collectingDate="2018-06-23" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="Yakovlev &amp; Doroshkin &amp; Rudoj &amp; A. Naydenov" country="Kazakhstan" county="Eastern" elevation="2315" location="Tas Mt." municipality="Saur Mts" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="E49233EE3F1F893FFDFBF86E8FD1F82E" box="[582,677,1947,1973]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="E49233EE3F1F893FFD0CF86E8E52F82E" box="[689,806,1947,1973]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCounty id="1B4A80EB3F1F893FFC8FF86E8EFEF82E" box="[818,906,1947,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Eastern</collectingCounty>
<collectingCountry id="8A83B8F73F1F893FFC2FF86E896AF82E" box="[914,1054,1947,1973]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="124F621D3F1F893FFB96F86E89EDF82E" box="[1067,1177,1947,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Saur Mts</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="F74BAEBC3F1F893FFB18F86E8876F82E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A3D49713F1F893AFF00F99A89B0FDE8:F74BAEBC3F1F893FFB18F86E8876F82E" box="[1189,1282,1947,1973]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Eastern" municipality="Saur Mts" name="Tas Mt." pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Tas Mt.</location>
(northern slope), 47°16ʹN; 85°04ʹ, H- 
<quantity id="356C55823F1F893FFDBDF8488FD3F84C" box="[512,679,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.315" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.23" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2315.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="2230.0">
<elevation id="79B91F543F1F893FFDBDF8488FD3F84C" box="[512,679,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.315" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.23" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="2315.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="2230.0">2230‒2400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 21‒ 
<date id="862ADEA73F1F893FFD63F8488E13F84C" box="[734,871,1981,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" value="2018-06-23">
<collectingDate id="966E274F3F1F893FFD63F8488E13F84C" box="[734,871,1981,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" value="2018-06-23">23.06.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="948560A23F1F893FFCCEF8488EFEF84C" box="[883,906,1981,2007]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="5F619DB13F1F893FFC2BF848897FF84C" box="[918,1035,1981,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Yakovlev</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="948560A23F1F893FFBAAF8488944F84C" box="[1047,1072,1981,2007]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="5F619DB13F1F893FFB81F84889CFF84C" box="[1084,1211,1981,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Doroshkin</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="948560A23F1F893FFB7AF8488994F84C" box="[1223,1248,1981,2007]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="5F619DB13F1F893FFB56F8488847F84C" box="[1259,1331,1981,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Rudoj</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="5F619DB13F1F893FFAE7F8488C41F863" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">A. Naydenov</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
(
<collectionCode id="948560A23F1F893FFEC5F82B8CCEF863" box="[376,442,2014,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">RYB</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA8EABEC3F188938FF00FF308C6FFBD0" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="description">
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FF00FF308C3AFF44" blockId="4.[189,1399,197,323]" box="[189,334,197,223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FF00FF308C3AFF44" bold="true" box="[189,334,197,223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FF00FF138CD0FED8" blockId="4.[189,1399,197,323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
<typeStatus id="2D2F46C53F188938FF00FF138C5EFE9B" box="[189,298,230,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
FW length 
<quantity id="356C55823F188938FE08FF138F7DFE9B" box="[437,521,230,256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
, male 
<typeStatus id="2D2F46C53F188938FDE8FF138FB1FE9B" box="[597,709,230,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<quantity id="356C55823F188938FD71FF138E3AFE9B" box="[716,846,230,256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18−20 mm</quantity>
, female 
<typeStatus id="2D2F46C53F188938FC0CFF138956FE9B" box="[945,1058,230,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<quantity id="356C55823F188938FB95FF1389DFFE9B" box="[1064,1195,230,256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18−20 mm</quantity>
. Antennae, palpi, body coloration and hairs seem to have no taxonomically valuable characters, but obviously darker than in other subspecies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FF00FE988D89FE1C" blockId="4.[189,1399,365,930]" box="[189,253,365,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FF00FE988D89FE1C" bold="true" box="[189,253,365,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FF00FE7B8E4BFE77" blockId="4.[189,1399,365,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Wings pale from above, dark brownish-reddish, with grey sputtering, black pattern not extended (corresponding to that of specimens from Sarym-Sakty Mts.). Fringe very narrow, not pronounced, slightly light between wide darkened portions at veins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FEA1FE018F0DFDE8" blockId="4.[189,1399,365,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">FW from upside basally dark, first spot in cell rounded, two next spots elongated, even rectangular. Spots of discal row fused into one broken line. Postdiscal series of black spots complete, spot 4 magnified. Series of light slightly extended spots along wing edge between triangular submarginal black spots and blackened wing edge.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FEA1FD8E8FD2FD43" blockId="4.[189,1399,365,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">HW from upside: basally and discally darkened, light triangular spot noticeable only in cell. Postdiscal band color – that of background, grey-brown, black spots as a rule reduced, usually only two small dark dots developed in cubital area.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FEA1FD1589C5FD61" blockId="4.[189,1399,365,930]" box="[284,1201,736,762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">FW from underside: pattern on upper part more or less pronounced, darkened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FEA1FCF7893EFCA6" blockId="4.[189,1399,365,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">HW from underside dim brown, darkened pattern narrowing, postdiscal band red-brown with light inner edge and light stroke cubitally, almost always without black spots.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FEA1FCB08E8AFC39" blockId="4.[189,1399,365,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Male genitalia. Uncus thickened, short, curve at its distal end poorly expressed (unlike in known subspecies), process on tip of valva with thickening and developed teeth, dorsal process of valva sharply extended with fan-like bundle of long hairs. Aedeagus of medium size.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FF00FC388C6CFC7C" blockId="4.[189,1399,973,1099]" box="[189,280,973,999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FF00FC388C6CFC7C" bold="true" box="[189,280,973,999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FF00FC1B8C6FFBD0" blockId="4.[189,1399,973,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Wings noticeably wider, general coloring similar to that of male (dimmer color), black pattern statistically less developed (light spots at root of HW extended on upper side, band on underside of HW lighter).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA8EABEC3F18893AFF00FB808FAFFEFE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FF00FB808C42FB14" blockId="4.[189,1399,1141,1976]" box="[189,310,1141,1167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FF00FB808C42FB14" bold="true" box="[189,310,1141,1167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FF00FB638919FAE0" blockId="4.[189,1399,1141,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
New subspecies is close to 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FDBCFB638FFDFB2B" authorityName="Elwes" authorityYear="1899" box="[513,649,1174,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="freija" subSpecies="pallida">
ssp. 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FD8BFB638FFDFB2B" box="[566,649,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the reduced spots in the postdiscal band, the round discal spot on upper side of FW, the medium-sized aedeagus), but significantly darker, wherein the black pattern is not extended. The general darkening of color is not the result of a simple change in altitude – significantly more severe altitudes and harsh conditions are known for closely related subspecies. Moreover, in the adjacent territory of 
<collectingRegion id="305036853F188938FDD2FAE88FDDFAAC" box="[623,681,1309,1335]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Altai</collectingRegion>
there is a clear cline: butterflies become most brightly colored to the south of Southern 
<collectingRegion id="305036853F188938FE62FACA8F6DFAC2" box="[479,537,1343,1369]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Altai</collectingRegion>
– in areas that were bordering on the range of the Saur subspecies during the Ice Age, when the inhabited zones were much lower and obviously adjacent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FEA1FA768E33F894" blockId="4.[189,1399,1141,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
The same picture is observed in 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FD29FA768E2DFA06" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1791" box="[660,857,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigga">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FD29FA768E2DFA06" box="[660,857,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Clossiana frigga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the difference between the South 
<collectingRegion id="305036853F188938FA81FA768802FA06" box="[1340,1398,1411,1437]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Altai</collectingRegion>
red 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FF53FA518CF4FA25" box="[238,384,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">C. f. famula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FE37FA518FD9FA25" author="Churkin, S. V. &amp; Tuzov, V. K." box="[394,685,1444,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="93 - 104" refId="ref6617" refString="Churkin, S. V., Tuzov, V. K. (2005) Taxonomic notes on some Boloria Moore and Clossiana Reuss with the descriptions of new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Helios, 6, 93 - 104, cpls. XI- XII." type="journal article" year="2005">Churkin et Tuzov, 2005</bibRefCitation>
and Saur 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FC90FA518E10FA25" box="[813,868,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">C. f.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FCD0FA51890CFA25" authority="Suschkin, 1906" authorityName="Suschkin" authorityYear="1906" box="[877,1144,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annae">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FCD0FA518EC1FA25" box="[877,949,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">annae</emphasis>
Suschkin, 1906
</taxonomicName>
is even sharper than between the reddish form of 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FDA6FA338F1AFA7B" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1917" box="[539,622,1478,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FDA6FA338F1AFA7B" box="[539,622,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the new subspecies. It should be noted that many high- and mid-mountain species of Papilionoidea on Saur are represented by endemic subspecies: 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FB4CFA1D8C8BF9B8" authority="Lukhtanov, 1999" authorityName="Lukhtanov" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Parnassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="phoebus" subSpecies="sauricus">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FB4CFA1D8C55F9B8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">P. phoebus sauricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FE93F9FC8C8BF9B8" author="Lukhtanov, V. A." box="[302,511,1545,1571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="135 - 150" refId="ref7032" refString="Lukhtanov, V. A. (1999) Neue Taxa und Synonyma zentralasiatischer Tagfalter (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Atalanta, 30 (1 - 4), 135 - 150." type="journal article" year="1999">Lukhtanov, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FDACF9FC897EF9B8" authority="Yakovlev, 2004" authorityName="Yakovlev" authorityYear="2004" box="[529,1034,1545,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="euorientis" subSpecies="sauron">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FDACF9FC8E4DF9B8" box="[529,825,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Pieris euorientis sauron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FCFBF9FC897EF9B8" author="Yakovlev, R. V." box="[838,1034,1545,1571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="232 - 236" refId="ref7471" refString="Yakovlev, R. V. (2004) A new subspecies of Pieris (napi) euorientis (Verity, 1908) from the Saur Mountains (East Kazakhstan). Helios, 5, 232 - 236." type="journal article" year="2004">Yakovlev, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FBA6F9FC8C08F9DE" authority="Yakovlev, 2011" authorityName="Yakovlev" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphydryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="iduna" subSpecies="jacobsoni">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FBA6F9FC8803F9B8" box="[1051,1399,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Euphydryas iduna jacobsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FF00F9DE8C08F9DE" author="Yakovlev, R. V." box="[189,380,1579,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="225 - 230" refId="ref7564" refString="Yakovlev, R. V. (2011) New taxa of Rhopalocera from Siberia and Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Satyridae and Nymphalidae). Atalanta, 42 (1 - 4), 225 - 230." type="journal article" year="2011">Yakovlev, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FE35F9DE8EE5F9DE" authority="Yakovlev, 2007" authorityName="Yakovlev" authorityYear="2007" box="[392,913,1579,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mellicta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="menetriesi" subSpecies="saurica">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FE35F9DE8FB8F9DE" box="[392,716,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Mellicta menetriesi saurica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FD6EF9DE8EE5F9DE" author="Yakovlev, R. V." box="[723,913,1579,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="34 - 39" refId="ref7511" refString="Yakovlev, R. V. (2007) Two new taxa of the genus Melitaea Fabricius, 1807 (subgenus Mellicta Billberg, 1820) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are described from Western Mongolia and Eastern Kazakhstan. Eversmannia, 9, 34 - 39. [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="2007">Yakovlev, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FC20F9DE8806F9DE" authority="Churkin, 2007" authorityName="Churkin" authorityYear="2007" box="[925,1394,1579,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Agriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="glandon" subSpecies="rubini">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FC20F9DE89CAF9DE" box="[925,1214,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Agriades glandon rubini</emphasis>
Churkin, 2007
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FF00F9B88E78F9FC" authority="Zhdanko, 1998" authorityName="Zhdanko" authorityYear="1998" box="[189,780,1613,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Neolycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="submontana" subSpecies="saurica">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FF00F9B88F33F9FC" box="[189,583,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Neolycaena submontana saurica</emphasis>
Zhdanko, 1998
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FCA0F9B8883BF9FC" authority="Lukhtanov, 1990" authorityName="Lukhtanov" authorityYear="1990" box="[797,1359,1613,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Glaucopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="argali" subSpecies="arkhar">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FCA0F9B88907F9FC" box="[797,1139,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Glaucopsyche argali arkhar</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FBC2F9B8883BF9FC" author="Lukhtanov, V. A." box="[1151,1359,1613,1639]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="13 - 23" refId="ref6986" refString="Lukhtanov, V. A. (1990) New taxa of satyrid and blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Satyridae, Lycaenidae) from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Vestnik zoologii, 1990 (6), 13 - 23. [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="1990">Lukhtanov, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; in addition, there are a number of endemic species of Siberian kinship: 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FC40F99B8D8EF931" authority="Staudinger, 1881" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Erebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haberhaueri">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FC40F99B8993F913" box="[1021,1255,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Erebia haberhaueri</emphasis>
Staudinger, 1881
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FEBBF9658F24F931" authority="Staudinger, 1881" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1881" box="[262,592,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Erebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibirica">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FEBBF9658CF4F931" box="[262,384,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">E. sibirica</emphasis>
Staudinger, 1881
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FDE1F9658EA7F931" authority="(Eversmann, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[604,979,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Oeneis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulla">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FDE1F9658F9EF931" box="[604,746,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Oeneis fulla</emphasis>
(Eversmann, 1851)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FC63F9658867F931" authority="Staudinger, 1881" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1881" box="[990,1299,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Oeneis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulla">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FC63F9658930F931" box="[990,1092,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">O. mulla</emphasis>
Staudinger, 1881
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FA9CF9658C77F957" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Сupido tusovi</emphasis>
Lukhtanov, 1994 (
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FE5EF9478FDEF957" author="Lukhtanov, V. A." box="[483,682,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="776 - 789" refId="ref6931" refString="Lukhtanov, V. A. (1984) A review of the Palaearctic satyrids of the genus Oeneis Hubner (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). I. O. hora Gr. Gr. species group. Entomologocheskoye obozreniye, 63 (4), 776 - 789. [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="1984">Lukhtanov 1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FD0BF9478F80F957" author="Lukhtanov, V. A." box="[694,756,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="13 - 23" refId="ref6986" refString="Lukhtanov, V. A. (1990) New taxa of satyrid and blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Satyridae, Lycaenidae) from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Vestnik zoologii, 1990 (6), 13 - 23. [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FD42F9478E49F957" author="Lukhtanov, V. A." box="[767,829,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="135 - 150" refId="ref7032" refString="Lukhtanov, V. A. (1999) Neue Taxa und Synonyma zentralasiatischer Tagfalter (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Atalanta, 30 (1 - 4), 135 - 150." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FCF7F9478975F957" author="Yakovlev, R. V." box="[842,1025,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="232 - 236" refId="ref7471" refString="Yakovlev, R. V. (2004) A new subspecies of Pieris (napi) euorientis (Verity, 1908) from the Saur Mountains (East Kazakhstan). Helios, 5, 232 - 236." type="journal article" year="2004">Yakovlev 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FBB0F947893FF957" author="Yakovlev, R. V." box="[1037,1099,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="34 - 39" refId="ref7511" refString="Yakovlev, R. V. (2007) Two new taxa of the genus Melitaea Fabricius, 1807 (subgenus Mellicta Billberg, 1820) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are described from Western Mongolia and Eastern Kazakhstan. Eversmannia, 9, 34 - 39. [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FBEAF94789E1F957" author="Yakovlev, R. V." box="[1111,1173,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="225 - 230" refId="ref7564" refString="Yakovlev, R. V. (2011) New taxa of Rhopalocera from Siberia and Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Satyridae and Nymphalidae). Atalanta, 42 (1 - 4), 225 - 230." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FB1FF9478820F957" author="Churkin, S. V." box="[1186,1364,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="146 - 168" refId="ref6476" refString="Churkin, S. V. (2005 a) Notes on the Erebia maurisius complex with the descriptions of two new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). Helios, 6, 146 - 168." type="journal article" year="2005">Churkin 2005a</bibRefCitation>
, b; 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FF00F9218F71F975" author="Yakovlev, R. V. &amp; Guskova, E. V." box="[189,517,1748,1774]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="186 - 187" refId="ref7641" refString="Yakovlev, R. V., Guskova, E. V. (2012) Saur and Tarbagataj biogeographycally: part of Altai, part of Dzhungaria or transition zone between Siberia and Middle Asia? Materials of the conference &quot; Animal world of Kazakhstan and adjacent territories &quot;, Almaty, 186 - 187. [In Russian]." type="proceedings paper" year="2012">Yakovlev &amp; Guskova 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F188938FDACF9218E4EF975" author="Rubin, N. I. &amp; Yakovlev, R. V." box="[529,826,1748,1774]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" pagination="137 - 170" refId="ref7167" refString="Rubin, N. I., Yakovlev, R. V. (2013) Checklist of the butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories (Kazakhstan), including systematic notes about the Erebia callias group. Nota lepidopterologica, 36 (2), 137 - 170." type="journal article" year="2013">Rubin &amp; Yakovlev 2013</bibRefCitation>
). All this indicates the long-term isolation of the Saur Mountains from the Altai-Sayan mountain region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F188938FEA1F8E2899BF823" blockId="4.[189,1399,1141,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FEA1F8E28C09F8AA" box="[284,381,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
С. 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FE80F8E28C09F8AA" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[317,381,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freija">freija</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in 
<collectingRegion id="305036853F188938FE1CF8E28CA8F8AA" box="[417,476,1815,1841]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Altai</collectingRegion>
is a common background species – it can be assumed that contacts between the 
<collectingRegion id="305036853F188938FF00F8CC8D8CF8C8" box="[189,248,1849,1875]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Altai</collectingRegion>
and Saur populations were broken for a shorter period, unlike for 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F188938FBBEF8CC8919F8C8" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1791" box="[1027,1133,1849,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigga">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F188938FBBEF8CC8919F8C8" box="[1027,1133,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">C. frigga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which corresponds to a lower level of accumulated differences. However, the reverse cline is present, as are the differences in the male genitalia (the short and thick uncus, which requires confirmation). Considering the current isolation of the Saur macropopulation, the identification of the subspecies seems necessary.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A6EBA8EF3F198939FF00F9F58838F83D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13247955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13247955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13247955/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" startId="5.[189,265,1536,1559]" targetBox="[208,1376,274,1501]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F198939FF00F9F58838F83D" blockId="5.[189,1400,1536,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FF00F9F58C57F98C" bold="true" box="[189,291,1536,1559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FE97F9F58CA0F98C" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[298,468,1536,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freija">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FE97F9F58CA0F98C" box="[298,468,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Clossiana freija</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult specimens (upperside): 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FCA7F9F58E53F98C" bold="true" box="[794,807,1536,1559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FC93F9F5892FF98C" box="[814,1115,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FCFFF9F5892FF98C" authorityName="Churkin &amp; Yakovlev" authorityYear="2024" box="[834,1115,1536,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="freija" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="antipodes">Clossiana freija antipodes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBD3990E3F198939FBDFF9F589B3F98C" box="[1122,1223,1536,1559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nova</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male, East Kazakhstan, Saur Mts., Tas Mt., 2600−2850 m, 25−30.06.2003, K. Dovgailo &amp; N. Rubin leg.; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FAAAF9EA8850F9AD" bold="true" box="[1303,1316,1567,1590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FA92F9EA8C51F9CF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">– C. f. antipodes</emphasis>
ssp. nova, paratype, female, same data as 1; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FC89F9C88E35F9CF" bold="true" box="[820,833,1597,1620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FCF0F9C88979F9CF" box="[845,1037,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">– C. f. antipodes</emphasis>
ssp. nova, paratype, male, East Kazakhstan, Saur Mts., Karagaily R. (upper stream), Shakpaktas Mt., 2400−2700 m, 10-15.06.2006, K. Dovgailo leg.; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FF49F98E8C75F909" bold="true" box="[244,257,1659,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">4</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FEB7F98E8CD0F909" box="[266,420,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– C. f. 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FEE5F98E8CD0F909" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1917" box="[344,420,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">pallida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, male, Russia, Altai, Kuraisky Mts., Kurai vic., 27.06.1995, A. Aniskovich leg.; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FAA6F98E885CF909" bold="true" box="[1307,1320,1659,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">5</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FA8CF98E8C7DF92A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– C. f. 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FF00F96F8C7DF92A" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1917" box="[189,265,1690,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">pallida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, female, same data as 4; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FDAEF96F8F54F92A" bold="true" box="[531,544,1690,1713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">6</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FD9AF96F8FCDF92A" box="[551,697,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– C. f. 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FDD3F96F8FCDF92A" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1917" box="[622,697,1690,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">pallida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, male, Mongolia, Mongol Altai, SE edges, 30 km S Biger somon, 2700−3000 m, 20.06.2003, S. Churkin leg.; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FD1BF94D8FC7F954" bold="true" box="[678,691,1720,1743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">7</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FD00F94D8E39F954" box="[701,845,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– C. f. 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FCB0F94D8E39F954" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1917" box="[781,845,1720,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calais">calais</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, male, Russia, Tuva, Khoromnug-Taiga, south.sl., Ukar-Khem r., 31.05.2010, S. Vaschenko leg.; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FD07F9228FB3F975" bold="true" box="[698,711,1751,1774]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">8</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FD72F9228E2EF975" box="[719,858,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– C. f. 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FCA7F9228E2EF975" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1917" box="[794,858,1751,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calais">calais</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, female, same data as 7; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FBD1F922890DF975" bold="true" box="[1132,1145,1751,1774]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">9</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FB3FF922886DF975" box="[1154,1305,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– C. f. 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FB70F922886DF975" authorityName="Fruhstorfer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1229,1305,1751,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">pallida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, female, Kazakhstan, South Altai, Sarym-Sakty Mts., Sarym-Sakty r. (upp. stream), 2800-3000 m, 20-24.06.1998, S. Churkin leg.; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FEEDF8E18C1FF8B0" bold="true" box="[336,363,1812,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">10</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FECCF8E18FD1F8B0" box="[369,677,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FE38F8E18FD1F8B0" authorityName="Churkin &amp; Yakovlev" authorityYear="2024" box="[389,677,1812,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="freija" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="batchimeg">Clossiana freija batchimeg</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBD3990E3F198939FD16F8E18E64F8B0" box="[683,784,1812,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nova</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male, Mongolia, 30 km N Ulan-Bator, Sanzain am (valley), 21.05.2019, 1600-1700 m, T. Odbayar leg.; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FC9BF8C68E35F8D1" bold="true" box="[806,833,1843,1866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">11</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FCF4F8C68970F8D1" box="[841,1028,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">– C. f. batchimeg</emphasis>
ssp. nova, paratype, female, same data as 10; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FE8CF8A78C38F8F2" bold="true" box="[305,332,1874,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">12</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FEECF8A78F77F8F2" box="[337,515,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">– C. f. batchimeg</emphasis>
ssp. nova, paratype, male, same data as 10; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FC73F8A78E9DF8F2" bold="true" box="[974,1001,1874,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">13</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FC53F8A789D5F8F2" box="[1006,1185,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">– C. f. batchimeg</emphasis>
ssp. nova, paratype, male, same data as 10; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FE0BF8858CA5F81C" bold="true" box="[438,465,1904,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">14</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FE65F8858F2FF81C" box="[472,603,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FE50F8858F2FF81C" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[493,603,1904,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="freija" subSpecies="freija">C. f. freija</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, male, Russia, Chita reg. [Zabaikalskyi Krai], North Transbaikalia, Kodar Mts., B. Leprindo Lake, 1100-1300 m, 21.07.2001, A. Aniskovich; 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FC2BF87A8EC5F83D" bold="true" box="[918,945,1935,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">15</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0E024753F198939FC05F87A894DF83D" box="[952,1081,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
– 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F198939FC71F87A894DF83D" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[972,1081,1935,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="freija" subSpecies="freija">C. f. freija</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, female, same data as 14.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F1A893AFEA1FF318FAFFEFE" blockId="6.[189,1399,196,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
Note that butterflies of the new subspecies do not appear in the known publications and are extremely rare in collections – only in the book of 
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F1A893AFC9CFF13891BFE9B" author="Toropov, S. A. &amp; Zhdanko, A. B." box="[801,1135,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refId="ref7340" refString="Toropov, S. A., Zhdanko, A. B. (2015) The Butterflies of Eastern Turan, Tarbagatai, Saur and South- Western Altai (Lepidopetra, Papilionoidea), vol. 2. Bishkek, 425 + 3 + 2 pp., cpls." type="book" year="2015">Toropov &amp; Zhdanko (2015)</bibRefCitation>
the authors published the beautiful photographs of specimens from Chagan-Obo river (Saur, 
<quantity id="356C55823F1A893AFC47FEFD8922FEB9" box="[1018,1110,264,290]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
), completely identical to those described here. We did not include these specimens in the 
<typeStatus id="2D2F46C53F1A893AFC59FEDC8963FED8" box="[996,1047,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
series because their state of preservation and actual location are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA8EABEC3F1A893AFF00FE7A8E3AFD95" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F1A893AFF00FE7A8C9BFE32" blockId="6.[189,1399,399,526]" box="[189,495,399,425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F1A893AFF00FE7A8C9BFE32" bold="true" box="[189,495,399,425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F1A893AFF00FE458E3AFD95" blockId="6.[189,1399,399,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
Saur Range, no data from Tarbagatai Mts. Stony tundra, flies together with 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F1A893AFB99FE458CF9FE77" authority="Lukhtanov, 1999" authorityName="Lukhtanov" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Parnassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="phoebus" subSpecies="sauricus">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F1A893AFB99FE458802FE51" box="[1060,1398,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Parnassius phoebus sauricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F1A893AFF00FE278CF9FE77" author="Lukhtanov, V. A." box="[189,397,466,492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="135 - 150" refId="ref7032" refString="Lukhtanov, V. A. (1999) Neue Taxa und Synonyma zentralasiatischer Tagfalter (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Atalanta, 30 (1 - 4), 135 - 150." type="journal article" year="1999">Lukhtanov, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F1A893AFE21FE278F27FE77" box="[412,595,466,492]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Boloria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altaica">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F1A893AFE21FE278F27FE77" box="[412,595,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Boloria altaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp., 
<emphasis id="C0E024753F1A893AFD20FE278E9BFE77" box="[669,1007,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F1A893AFD20FE278E06FE77" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[669,882,466,492]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphidryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iduna">Euphidryas iduna</taxonomicName>
jacobsoni
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F1A893AFC46FE2789C9FE77" author="Yakovlev, R. V." box="[1019,1213,466,492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="225 - 230" refId="ref7564" refString="Yakovlev, R. V. (2011) New taxa of Rhopalocera from Siberia and Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Satyridae and Nymphalidae). Atalanta, 42 (1 - 4), 225 - 230." type="journal article" year="2011">Yakovlev, 2011</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="359483E43F1A893AFABFFE278FE0FD95" authority="(Rubin &amp; Yakovlev 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Rubin &amp; Yakovlev" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Clossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frigga" subSpecies="annae">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F1A893AFABFFE278C21FD95" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Clossiana frigga annae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="960585963F1A893AFEDEFE018FF8FD95" author="Rubin, N. I. &amp; Yakovlev, R. V." box="[355,652,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="137 - 170" refId="ref7167" refString="Rubin, N. I., Yakovlev, R. V. (2013) Checklist of the butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories (Kazakhstan), including systematic notes about the Erebia callias group. Nota lepidopterologica, 36 (2), 137 - 170." type="journal article" year="2013">Rubin &amp; Yakovlev 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Not numerous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA8EABEC3F1A893AFF00FDCD89B0FDE8" box="[189,1220,568,627]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F1A893AFF00FDCD8C30FDC9" blockId="6.[189,1220,568,627]" box="[189,324,568,594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="C0E024753F1A893AFF00FDCD8C30FDC9" bold="true" box="[189,324,568,594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F22BF8673F1A893AFF00FDAC89B0FDE8" blockId="6.[189,1220,568,627]" box="[189,1220,601,627]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Antipodes (from Greek) – feet facing each other, that is residents of opposite territories.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>