302 lines
54 KiB
XML
302 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="2E2AA07EC65C113EF7555BF07B1A6A62" ID-CLB-Dataset="276837" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5227.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aae39de8-dddf-4a3f-afcc-3bb248e44cb0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518498" ID-ZooBank="51A480AD-6FD5-4FDC-9EC9-24441DB568AD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1673309511319" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chae, Kyu-Seok, Park, Kyung-Min & Min, Gi-Sik" docDate="2023" docId="7A2387FAD060FFFFFF45FF74E0080C5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5227.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5227 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Strongylidium koreanum Chae & Park & Min 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="196" masterDocId="861AFF82D062FFFCFFD2FFE3E3360D1A" masterDocTitle="Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. (Protozoa: Ciliophora), a new soil species from South Korea" masterLastPageNumber="204" masterPageNumber="194" pageNumber="196" updateTime="1699477520911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F8DD19118C13402A8EAAAB99F572A637">Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. (Protozoa: Ciliophora), a new soil species from South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2337BC93A67C80590A54FEEF55A3E26E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="84CB80BDCD2DF86F017662335F7A0868">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2B54968745695B835E4B8801B2F7D056">Chae, Kyu-Seok</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E528B10DBAFD185ED0C414D79BEBB79">Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0AB9DDF891F68F455C03222C7F7BA009">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6E1D9F1AC5D7D812F6B246C34EF14216">Park, Kyung-Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AFACA771FD0E2B7B530F4C946FDCA70" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6125-4405</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="458F77C1E8E812D1793B20A1D143C2CE">Department of Biological Resources Research, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, South Korea. kmpark 315 @ korea. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6125 - 4405</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F435F51DD8DF00989D793B27958FC63A" type="email">kmpark315@korea.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B8E59690F7BC77B8A6EF26B451E8683F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="05E3BEAB8297D0D03DE03C295AD10A12">Min, Gi-Sik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1F139A1018482E65ADDAA756568AFB6">Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7CE7B825783AA05FAB7DC8285E401D61">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1F0BC86F11A898341636B6C6F899BFE3">
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<mods:date id="7D7C7C9FAA47FDE26637975DCCCF41F4">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E36D7AFCE8E9756F4481EDD8F83AFF03">2023-01-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4ECE4C9E6788264026178BEA038A8B38">5227</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7A2387FAD060FFFFFF45FF74E0080C5B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217348496" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A2387FAD060FFFFFF45FF74E0080C5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2387FAD060FFFFFF45FF74E0080C5B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
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<subSubSection id="BA906567D060FFFEFF45FF74E1270DAB" box="[151,529,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF45FF74E1270DAB" blockId="2.[151,529,151,214]" box="[151,529,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
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<heading id="A97D8180D060FFFEFF45FF74E1270DAB" bold="true" box="[151,529,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF45FF74E1270DAB" bold="true" box="[151,529,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
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<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD060FFFEFF45FF74E2F10DA8" authority="Chae & Park & Min, 2023" authorityName="Chae & Park & Min" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,455,151,178]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Strongylidiidae" genus="Strongylidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Stichotrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="koreanum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF45FF74E2F10DA8" bold="true" box="[151,455,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Strongylidium koreanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBCD5785D060FFFEFE1DFF74E1270DAB" box="[463,529,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BA906567D060FFFEFF45FF58E2450DCF" box="[151,371,187,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF45FF58E2450DCF" blockId="2.[151,529,151,214]" box="[151,371,187,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
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(
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<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFF4DFF58E23D0DCC" box="[159,267,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1042,1066]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1571,1595]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox-0="[230,1345,181,1019]" captionTargetBox-1="[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetBox-3="[165,1418,196,1539]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1429,184,1675]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@4.[227,1361,181,1019]" captionTargetId-1="figure-124@4.[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetId-2="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetId-3="figure-28@7.[151,1436,181,1547]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@8.[151,1436,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. alive (A, B) and after protargol staining (C, D). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B. Dorsal view. The arrow indicates the contractile vacuole. C, D. Ventral and dorsal views of holotype specimen showing the ciliary pattern and nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; PVC, postoral ventral cirrus; RMR, right marginal row; RVR; right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. from live specimens using bright field and differential interference contrast optic methods. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of typical specimens. D. Midventral row. E. Anterior ventral portion to show the undulating membranes. F. Nuclear apparatus. G. Dorsal cilia. CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal bristles; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MVR, midventral row; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 100 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Dividers of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–D. Ventral and dorsal views of middle dividers showing the migrating cirri. E–H. Ventral and dorsal views of late dividers. CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of frontoventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage. Scale bars 100 μm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree inferred from the 18S rRNA gene sequences showing the position of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. based on the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. TIM2 + I (0.6080) + G (0.4720) was selected as the best model from jModelTest version 2.1.7. Support values at the nodes represent the bootstrap values of maximum likelihood analysis and the posterior probability of the BI model. Dashes denote bootstrap values <50% or different topologies in ML and BI phylogenies." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518500" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518502" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518506" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518508" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7518500/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7518502/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7518506/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7518508/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="BF080357D060FFFEFEC5FF58E25E0DCF" box="[279,360,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,368,392]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data on protargol-impregnated specimens of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp." pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BA906567D060FFFEFF45FEE0E0C00CCB" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF45FEE0E0C00CCB" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF45FEE0E2240C07" bold="true" box="[151,274,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Size 125–150 × 35–55 µm in vivo and 105 × 32 µm on average in protargol preparations. Body elliptical in outline, anterior end broader than the posterior end. Two macronuclear nodules and two to three micronuclei in the left cell. Cortical granules absent. Adoral zone with 26 membranelles on average. Three frontal cirri. Single buccal, fronto-ventral cirrus, and postoral ventral cirrus. Right and left ventral rows with 21 and 35 cirri on average, respectively; 37 cirri in right marginal row and 29 cirri in left marginal row. Right and left marginal rows with 37 and 29 cirri, respectively. Three bipolar dorsal kineties and three caudal cirri.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BA906567D060FFFEFF15FE38E7EE0F9C" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FE38E7550CEC" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" box="[199,1123,475,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15FE38E2500CEF" bold="true" box="[199,358,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
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<typeStatus id="2D31884ED060FFFEFF15FE38E2340CEF" box="[199,258,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="F7556037D060FFFEFEBEFE38E2AF0CEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A2387FAD060FFFFFF45FF74E0080C5B:F7556037D060FFFEFEBEFE38E2AF0CEF" box="[364,409,475,501]" country="South Korea" latitude="33.404278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.34992" municipality="Island" name="Soil" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Jeju">Soil</location>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="304EF80ED060FFFEFE0CFE38E13D0CEF" box="[478,523,475,501]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Jeju</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality id="1251AC96D060FFFEFDC0FE38E16F0CEF" box="[530,601,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="8A9D767CD060FFFEFDB6FE38E1C20CEC" box="[612,756,475,502]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">South Korea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="97BE502BD060FFFEFD2DFE3EE0920CEC" box="[767,932,476,504]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" precision="1" seconds="15.4" value="33.404278">33°24′15.4′′ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="97BE502BD060FFFEFC7DFE3EE7690CEC" box="[943,1119,476,504]" degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" precision="1" seconds="59.7" value="126.34992">126°20′59.7′′ E</geoCoordinate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FE1CE7EE0F9C" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15FE1CE2980F03" bold="true" box="[199,430,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="42E23CB1D060FFFEFE62FE1CE05E0F03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4436647303" box="[432,872,511,537]" collectionCode="NIBRPR" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" specimenCode="NIBRPR0000110849" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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A
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<typeStatus id="2D31884ED060FFFEFE15FE1CE11F0F03" box="[455,553,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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slide (
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<specimenCode id="A22C9E97D060FFFEFDBFFE1CE0540F03" box="[621,866,511,537]" collectionCode="NIBRPR" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">NIBRPR0000110849</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="42E23CB1D060FFFEFCBFFE1CE6500F00" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4436647301" box="[877,1382,511,538]" collectionCode="NIBRPR" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" specimenCode="NIBRPR0000110850" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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and
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<specimenCount id="E48CFD65D060FFFEFC4BFDE3E7100F00" box="[921,1062,512,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
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slide (
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<specimenCode id="A22C9E97D060FFFEFBB9FE1CE6690F00" box="[1131,1375,511,538]" collectionCode="NIBRPR" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">NIBRPR0000110850</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="42E23CB1D060FFFEFAB8FE1CE25F0F7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4436647302" collectionCode="NIBR" location="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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with protargol-impregnated specimens (including some dividers) were deposited at the
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<location id="F7556037D060FFFEFBE9FDC0E23C0F78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A2387FAD060FFFFFF45FF74E0080C5B:F7556037D060FFFEFBE9FDC0E23C0F78" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">National Institute of Biological Resources</location>
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(
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<collectionCode id="949BAE29D060FFFEFECBFDA4E2570F7B" box="[281,353,583,609]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r4iq-k5jx" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">NIBR</collectionCode>
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="42E23CB1D060FFFEFEA6FDA4E7E30F9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4436647304" collectionCode="INHC" collectorName="Each & And" country="South Korea" location="Inha University" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" specimenCode="INHC314, INHC315" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="8A9D767CD060FFFEFEA6FDA4E1350F78" box="[372,515,583,610]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">South Korea</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
<collectorName id="5F7F533AD060FFFEFDDFFDA4E1730F7B" box="[525,581,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Each</collectorName>
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specimen is marked with circles or bars at the bottom of the slides.
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<collectorName id="5F7F533AD060FFFEFAE7FDA4E65E0F7B" box="[1333,1384,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">And</collectorName>
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||
, two non-type slides were deposited at
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<location id="F7556037D060FFFEFDC1FD88E1F40F9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A2387FAD060FFFFFF45FF74E0080C5B:F7556037D060FFFEFDC1FD88E1F40F9F" box="[531,706,619,645]" country="South Korea" name="Inha University" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Inha University</location>
|
||
(accession numbers:
|
||
<specimenCode id="A22C9E97D060FFFEFC66FD88E7140F9F" box="[948,1058,619,645]" collectionCode="INHC" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">INHC314</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="A22C9E97D060FFFEFB8BFD88E7FB0F9C" box="[1113,1229,619,646]" collectionCode="INHC" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">INHC315</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BA906567D060FFFEFF15FD6CE6530E44" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FD6CE7BE0FB0" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" box="[199,1160,655,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15FD6CE2780FB3" bold="true" box="[199,334,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after the country where the species was discovered:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8A9D767CD060FFFEFC26FD6CE7B20FB0" box="[1012,1156,655,682]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FD50E2C30FEB" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15FD50E2B70FD7" bold="true" box="[199,385,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Gene sequence.</emphasis>
|
||
The 18S rRNA gene sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD060FFFEFCDEFD50E0AE0FD7" authority="Chae & Park & Min, 2023" authorityName="Chae & Park & Min" authorityYear="2023" box="[780,920,691,717]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Strongylidiidae" genus="Strongylidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Stichotrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="koreanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFCDEFD50E0AE0FD7" box="[780,920,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">S. koreanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFC73FD50E0D40FD7" bold="true" box="[929,994,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBCD5785D060FFFEFC73FD50E0D40FD7" box="[929,994,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has been deposited in GenBank under accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="EDD9AB0FD060FFFEFEB4FD3BE2C70FEB" box="[358,497,727,754]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW344121" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">MW344121</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FD18E2FA0E0F" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" box="[199,460,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15FD18E2FA0E0F" bold="true" box="[199,460,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Zoobank registration.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FCC3E7920E20" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" box="[199,1188,799,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
Present work:
|
||
<uri id="861B3AEED060FFFEFEBBFCFCE7920E20" box="[361,1188,799,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:
|
||
<uuid id="862C0C39D060FFFEFDADFCFCE7920E20" box="[639,1188,799,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">629C287E-594A-4AFA-8030-C1568850ADAE</uuid>
|
||
</uri>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FCA0E6530E44" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" box="[199,1381,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD060FFFEFF15FCA0E2ED0E47" authority="Chae & Park & Min, 2023" authorityName="Chae & Park & Min" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,475,835,861]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Strongylidiidae" genus="Strongylidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Stichotrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="koreanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15FCA0E2ED0E47" box="[199,475,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Strongylidium koreanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBCD5785D060FFFEFE30FCA7E1170E44" box="[482,545,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<uri id="861B3AEED060FFFEFDFEFCA0E6530E44" box="[556,1381,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||
<uuid id="862C0C39D060FFFEFC90FCA0E6530E44" box="[834,1381,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">56366467-DC77-4CC1-8DA9-D98DF1D918D8</uuid>
|
||
</uri>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BA906567D060FFFFFF15FC84E0080C5B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FC84E7C70943" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15FC84E1BF0E9B" bold="true" box="[199,649,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Description of interphasic specimens</emphasis>
|
||
. Body size was 125–150 × 35–55 µm in vivo (n = 5), on average 105 × 32 µm in protargol preparations (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BF080357D060FFFEFDB0FC68E18E0EBF" box="[610,696,907,933]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,368,392]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data on protargol-impregnated specimens of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp." pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Slender body shape with tapered posterior end; grayish at low magnification, flexible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFE78FC4CE1610ED0" box="[426,599,943,970]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[230,1345,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[227,1361,181,1019]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. alive (A, B) and after protargol staining (C, D). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B. Dorsal view. The arrow indicates the contractile vacuole. C, D. Ventral and dorsal views of holotype specimen showing the ciliary pattern and nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; PVC, postoral ventral cirrus; RMR, right marginal row; RVR; right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 1A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFDB6FC4CE19C0ED3" box="[612,682,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-124@4.[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. from live specimens using bright field and differential interference contrast optic methods. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of typical specimens. D. Midventral row. E. Anterior ventral portion to show the undulating membranes. F. Nuclear apparatus. G. Dorsal cilia. CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal bristles; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MVR, midventral row; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518502/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">2A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFD65FC4CE1C90ED3" box="[695,767,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two macronuclear nodules, ellipsoidal, 8–18 × 5–10 µm in size in stained cells, arranged in left half of cell. Two to three micronuclei, spherical, 2–4 × 2–4 µm in protargol preparations, adjacent to the macronuclear nodules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFD0FFC14E076090B" box="[733,832,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[230,1345,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[227,1361,181,1019]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. alive (A, B) and after protargol staining (C, D). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B. Dorsal view. The arrow indicates the contractile vacuole. C, D. Ventral and dorsal views of holotype specimen showing the ciliary pattern and nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; PVC, postoral ventral cirrus; RMR, right marginal row; RVR; right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFC9EFC14E05C090B" box="[844,874,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-124@4.[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. from live specimens using bright field and differential interference contrast optic methods. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of typical specimens. D. Midventral row. E. Anterior ventral portion to show the undulating membranes. F. Nuclear apparatus. G. Dorsal cilia. CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal bristles; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MVR, midventral row; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518502/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFCA7FC14E0AF090B" box="[885,921,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Contractile vacuole as approximately 10 µm in diameter when fully extended, slightly above the left mid-body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFCA8FBF8E0ED092F" box="[890,987,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[230,1345,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[227,1361,181,1019]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. alive (A, B) and after protargol staining (C, D). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B. Dorsal view. The arrow indicates the contractile vacuole. C, D. Ventral and dorsal views of holotype specimen showing the ciliary pattern and nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; PVC, postoral ventral cirrus; RMR, right marginal row; RVR; right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFC34FBF8E73F092F" box="[998,1033,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-124@4.[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. from live specimens using bright field and differential interference contrast optic methods. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of typical specimens. D. Midventral row. E. Anterior ventral portion to show the undulating membranes. F. Nuclear apparatus. G. Dorsal cilia. CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal bristles; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MVR, midventral row; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518502/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), collecting canals not recognizable. Locomotion without peculiarities, usually moderately fast, creeping on the bottom of the Petri dish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FB80E1100887" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
Frontal and transverse cirri approximately 13 µm long in vivo; remaining cirri approximately 8.5 µm long. Three enlarged frontal cirri, fronto-ventral cirrus (III/2) below right frontal cirrus; one buccal cirrus; one postoral ventral cirrus, behind the proximal end of the adoral zone of membranelles; two ventral cirral rows, left ventral row with (=pseudorow; see Morphogenesis section) 27–42 cirri, commences approximately near right frontal cirrus, right ventral row with 15–28 cirri, starts slightly above mid-body. One left marginal row with 23–36 cirri commences above the level of the buccal vertex and extends the posterior cell end; one right marginal row with 30–46 cirri begins at the level of the right frontal cirrus, extends along the right cell margin, and terminates at a level similar to that of the left marginal row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFE09FABCE1690863" box="[475,607,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[230,1345,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[227,1361,181,1019]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. alive (A, B) and after protargol staining (C, D). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B. Dorsal view. The arrow indicates the contractile vacuole. C, D. Ventral and dorsal views of holotype specimen showing the ciliary pattern and nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; PVC, postoral ventral cirrus; RMR, right marginal row; RVR; right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFDB8FABCE1980863" box="[618,686,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal cilia approximately 3 µm long in vivo (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFB17FABCE6280863" box="[1221,1310,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-124@4.[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. from live specimens using bright field and differential interference contrast optic methods. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of typical specimens. D. Midventral row. E. Anterior ventral portion to show the undulating membranes. F. Nuclear apparatus. G. Dorsal cilia. CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal bristles; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MVR, midventral row; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518502/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
), each with one caudal cirrus at distal terminus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15FA44E01C0B13" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
The oral zone is composed of 23–32 membranelles, occupying approximately the anterior fourth of the ventral side in the stained specimens. Paroral slightly curved inwards and endoral more or less straight, endoral starts at the level of the anterior buccal cirrus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFDCBFA0CE1A80B13" box="[537,670,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[230,1345,181,1019]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[227,1361,181,1019]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. alive (A, B) and after protargol staining (C, D). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B. Dorsal view. The arrow indicates the contractile vacuole. C, D. Ventral and dorsal views of holotype specimen showing the ciliary pattern and nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; PVC, postoral ventral cirrus; RMR, right marginal row; RVR; right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 1A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFD78FA0CE1FD0B13" box="[682,715,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-124@4.[215,1373,1271,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. from live specimens using bright field and differential interference contrast optic methods. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of typical specimens. D. Midventral row. E. Anterior ventral portion to show the undulating membranes. F. Nuclear apparatus. G. Dorsal cilia. CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal bristles; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MVR, midventral row; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518502/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">2E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFD05FA0CE02A0B13" box="[727,796,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15F9F0E7740A1C" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15F9F0E2B20B37" bold="true" box="[199,388,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Morphogenesis.</emphasis>
|
||
In the middle stage, frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen (FVTA) begin to develop and differentiate into dividers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFE1BF9D4E1670B4B" box="[457,593,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 3D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFD8DF9D4E19E0B4B" box="[607,680,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[151,1436,181,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dividers of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–D. Ventral and dorsal views of middle dividers showing the migrating cirri. E–H. Ventral and dorsal views of late dividers. CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of frontoventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage. Scale bars 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518506/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">4A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the late stage, the cirri segregate from anterior to posterior in the following manner. FVTA II produces the middle frontal and buccal cirrus; FVTA III produces the rightmost cirrus and cirrus III/2; FVTA IV differentiates two or five cirri of the middle part of the left ventral cirral row and originates the postoral ventral cirrus; FVTA V contributes to the posterior part of the left ventral cirral row; FVTA VI produces the whole right ventral cirral row and the anterior part of the left ventral cirral row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFB69F924E6770BFB" box="[1211,1345,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 3H–K</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFA99F924E6A60BFB" box="[1355,1424,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[151,1436,181,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dividers of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–D. Ventral and dorsal views of middle dividers showing the migrating cirri. E–H. Ventral and dorsal views of late dividers. CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of frontoventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage. Scale bars 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518506/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">4E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finally, the new cirri arrange in a mature pattern and replace the parental structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFEFF15F8ECE2C30A8F" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
The marginal cirral row and dorsal kinety anlagen developed within the parental structures by intrakinetal proliferation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFEE0F8D0E28E0A57" box="[306,440,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 3D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFE11F8D0E13B0A57" box="[451,525,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[151,1436,181,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dividers of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–D. Ventral and dorsal views of middle dividers showing the migrating cirri. E–H. Ventral and dorsal views of late dividers. CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of frontoventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage. Scale bars 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518506/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">4A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The parental cirri were replaced by new cirral rows and dorsal kineties. The two macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass. In the late dividers, the micronuclei and macronuclear segments began to divide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFE81F898E2810A8F" box="[339,439,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,181,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1276]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–C. Ventral and dorsal views of specimen. D–G. Ventral and dorsal views of a middle dividers. H–K. Ventral and dorsal views of a late dividers, showing the dividing macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of fronto-ventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; RVR, right ventral row. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Figs. 3K</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D060FFFEFE11F898E2DF0A8F" box="[451,489,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[151,1436,181,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dividers of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. after protargol impregnation. A–D. Ventral and dorsal views of middle dividers showing the migrating cirri. E–H. Ventral and dorsal views of late dividers. CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; DKA, anlagen of dorsal kineties; I–VI, anlagen of frontoventral cirri I–VI; LMA, left marginal anlage; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlage. Scale bars 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518506/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">4H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F23536ECD060FFFFFF15F87CE0080C5B" blockId="2.[151,1437,259,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED060FFFEFF15F87CE2820AA3" bold="true" box="[199,436,1951,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Molecular analyses.</emphasis>
|
||
The 18S rRNA gene sequence was 1,585 bp and had a GC content of 44.9% (GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="EDD9AB0FD060FFFEFEA3F827E2C80AC7" box="[369,510,1987,2014]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW344121" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">MW344121</accessionNumber>
|
||
). The species/genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD060FFFEFCF3F820E0F80AC7" box="[801,974,1987,2013]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Strongylidiidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Stichotrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Strongylidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
clustered with one group. This family consisted of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD061FFFFFE77FF74E1520DAB" authorityName="Foissner" authorityYear="1988" box="[421,612,151,177]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Amphisiellidae" genus="Hemiamphisiella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Stichotrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED061FFFFFE77FF74E1520DAB" box="[421,612,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Hemiamphisiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD061FFFFFDA1FF74E0180DAB" authorityName="Hemberger" authorityYear="1985" box="[627,814,151,177]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Pseudouroleptus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED061FFFFFDA1FF74E0180DAB" box="[627,814,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Pseudouroleptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD061FFFFFCBDFF74E73B0DAB" authorityName="Sterki" authorityYear="1878" box="[879,1037,151,177]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Strongylidiidae" genus="Strongylidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Stichotrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED061FFFFFCBDFF74E73B0DAB" box="[879,1037,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Strongylidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the ML and BI trees. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD061FFFFFF45FF58E2030DCF" authorityName="Sterki" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,309,187,213]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Strongylidiidae" genus="Strongylidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Stichotrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED061FFFFFF45FF58E2030DCF" box="[151,309,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Strongylidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD061FFFFFD45FF58E0600DCF" authorityName="Foissner" authorityYear="1988" box="[663,854,187,213]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Amphisiellidae" genus="Hemiamphisiella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Stichotrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED061FFFFFD45FF58E0600DCF" box="[663,854,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Hemiamphisiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD061FFFFFC4EFF58E7610DCF" authorityName="Hemberger" authorityYear="1985" box="[924,1111,187,213]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Pseudouroleptus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED061FFFFFC4EFF58E7610DCF" box="[924,1111,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Pseudouroleptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD061FFFFFB4DFF58E6AA0DCF" box="[1183,1436,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED061FFFFFB4DFF58E60B0DCF" box="[1183,1341,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Strongylidium</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were clustered together with high supporting values. The support in the Bayesian inference analyses was high (posterior probability = 1.00) and ML analyses (bootstrap value <80%) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6AB12A69D061FFFFFC6AFEE0E0CD0C07" box="[952,1019,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,184,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[151,1436,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree inferred from the 18S rRNA gene sequences showing the position of Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. based on the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. TIM2 + I (0.6080) + G (0.4720) was selected as the best model from jModelTest version 2.1.7. Support values at the nodes represent the bootstrap values of maximum likelihood analysis and the posterior probability of the BI model. Dashes denote bootstrap values <50% or different topologies in ML and BI phylogenies." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518508/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pairwise similarities among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358A4D6FD061FFFFFF45FEC4E2BB0C5B" box="[151,397,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0FEEAFED061FFFFFF45FEC4E2030C5B" box="[151,309,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Strongylidium</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
range from 96.2% to 99.4% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BF080357D061FFFFFD0BFEC4E0060C5B" box="[729,816,295,321]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Similarities (top right) and pairwise distances (bottom left) between SSU rRNA gene sequences of five Strongylidium species." pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |