257 lines
33 KiB
XML
257 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="84108ECF83916F38863731CEF9520DC7">Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="61BA143055655C454589B5B88F1FEEA5">Svenson, Gavin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D850F1530242D29CD6BDA7638BEB04AC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="ECE2A502B7B88CB29DA0CA9321D46CFD">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="765E5E1B525216F8C83AAB65AA1AEE9D">390</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="6C8A4C2372667C30A348E3813158DF94">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.390.6661</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5640382117BEC65A5FF8BF2B92216694">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7A5161CCC2625FE7A2493BA3FC665118" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.390.6661</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DD98DEF0241FF9644FC480608D5E1AE9" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-390-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DB3BC93C9B9AB715BD2912E4E8AC7EE8" type="ZooBank">5518417F69B745CC92C3C402055D5851</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="798855A0C1C720C02282B92B744D9CF6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:798855A0C1C720C02282B92B744D9CF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/798855A0C1C720C02282B92B744D9CF6" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" scope_class="Insecta" scope_order="Mantodea" scope_tribe="Liturgusini">
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<subSubSection id="2E769F1DF0093ACC12E6FFA5114E841F" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="66CEF2407B19DF9B26A9BD60C9A32579" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="BDFD22D2BFD52A066B4403E29E2BE1C6" ID-CoL="3VNVD" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Liturgusa_cursor" authority="Rehn, 1950" authorityName="Rehn" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cursor" order="Mantodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cursor">Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1950</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="510CE6EC727BDFF8B70543B14F83F266" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DD490A2B299CFAF084A5ECFE9DD7DF94" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="90B9C7CF21A2DBBA057ED2B70999496B" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa annulipes" order="Mantodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulipes">Liturgusa annulipes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="F3A144C9A1E67B11E80B1BF4A72527C9" author="Rehn, JAG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="167 - 271" title="The Orthoptera of Costa Rica. Part I. - Mantidae." volume="87" year="1935">Rehn 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 199, pl. 8, fig. 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F21171ECA1F5717D7B155EF102987938" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="F9B3EC865D4FCB7A01AE037DD367AB7C" genus="Liturgousa" lsidName="Liturgousa cursor" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="cursor">Liturgousa cursor</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="513A91E5880E69A943625EBFFB697EB4" author="Rehn, JAG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Philadelphia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="363 - 383" title="Three new Central-American Mantoidea - Orthoptera." volume="76" year="1950">Rehn 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 369-376, Figs 6-11;
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<bibRefCitation id="7E952298498D1A1ECDA58549964D300B" author="Hughes-Schrader, S" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 55" title="The Chromosomes of Mantids (Orthoptera: Manteidae) in Relation to Taxonomy." url="10.1007/BF00325766" volume="4" year="1950">Hughes-Schrader 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 11-14, 27, 38, 45, Table 1, Fig. 11;
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<bibRefCitation id="D0CA929A61FAD7BA9B6410841E8DF901" author="Hughes-Schrader, S" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="178 - 187" title="The desoxyribonucleic acid content of the nucleus as a cyto-taxonomic character in mantids (Orthoptera: Mantoidea)." volume="10" year="1951">Hughes-Schrader 1951</bibRefCitation>
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: 178, 183-184, 186-187, Tables 1-2, Fig. 3;
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<bibRefCitation id="6290E33F1FDFDCA017D9546FECD1304A" author="Hughes-Schrader, S" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="544 - 554" title="The Nuclear Content of Desoxyribonucleic Acid and Interspecific Relationships in the Mantid Genus Liturgousa (Orthoptera: Mantoidea)" url="10.1007/BF01271501" volume="5" year="1953">Hughes-Schrader 1953</bibRefCitation>
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: 544-554;
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<bibRefCitation id="2A91A4040AA174B9B18DC2B496C49936" author="Henderson, SA" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="192 - 221" title="Chromosome Behaviour in Diploid and Tetraploid cells of Sphodromantis gastrica and its Bearing on Chromosome Evolution in the Mantids" url="10.1007/BF00320949" volume="16" year="1965">Henderson 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 215;
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<bibRefCitation id="EE6C772366F3BD4F728C780CF262AEBF" author="Otte, D" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="26 - 87" title="The primary types of Orthoptera (Saltatoria, Mantodea, Phasmatodea and Blattodea) at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia." volume="130" year="1978">Otte 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 76;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D61370EFA36BEB952D030F9C2B5F718" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="57B999AAB1D68D1F39E122D9530CACDC" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cursor" order="Mantodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cursor">Liturgusa cursor</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="E7DB6E7013975D4DE4A67645859E4AD2" author="Terra, PS" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="13 - 94" title="Revisao Sistematica Dos Generos De Louva-A-Deus Da Regiao Neotropical (Mantodea)." volume="39" year="1995">Terra 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 54;
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<bibRefCitation id="321AD4549BD8BAA1246A5FCA1AA6C739" author="Jantsch, LJ" journalOrPublisher="PUCRS, Doutorado, Porto Alegre" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" title="Estudos filogene ́ ticos em Manto ́ deos americanos (Insecta: Pterygota: Mantodea)." year="1999">Jantsch 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 48;
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<bibRefCitation id="003704886EC34B052C1913F134F68BB5" author="Ehrmann, R" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier-Verlag GmbH, Muenster" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" title="Mantodea: Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt." year="2002">Ehrmann 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 207;
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<bibRefCitation id="4D908F13017ACE01E0AE13A260F676CB" author="Otte, D" journalOrPublisher="Association of Insect Diversity, Philadelphia" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" title="Mantida Species File" volumeTitle="Catalog of the Mantids of the World" year="2005">Otte and Spearman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 133;
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<bibRefCitation id="B90E2636A03743E561D28DD3A31E73ED" author="Agudelo, RAA" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" pagination="105 - 158" title="Checklist of the Neotropical mantids (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Mantodea)." volume="8" year="2007">Agudelo et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 116.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81BE55AAF65869FC3FB6D39252E07722" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="type">
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<paragraph id="2324C2B3FD65F8E2131D1B5CC707E93B" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E63CD201F80E51DD6C9710D0188DD1A0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Holotype Male. Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Type no. 5761.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC35D06D5E14885B4FF7EDAF80DE4AB1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="F7DBFB82DE2AF476B0F8193418980DB7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BAB906E0DACDBB94A6188ABDFBB5236D" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, Canal Zone, December 31, 1948. (Dr. Franz Schrader, no. 630.) (Lat. 9.164966, Long. -79.837098).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AEFFB72070EFC1846A36CCE1834061D" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="46B48D73084A892C68FABD5E2C2CC24F" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A9B464E41E06392B607E882B85AE30C" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="DF7D1F4D2FD65C9BC6E79A69EC1E36B7" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cursor" order="Mantodea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cursor">Liturgusa cursor</taxonomicName>
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Rehn, 1950.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="051D6A20F571902441C945A5CFF1B978" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<table id="AE87243304C2A2AC2B001AD33349323C" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<tr id="872D3E5F56C71AF56C47CAC4ECF64F68" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<th id="F7C7BDBCECECA0BF3C2F2841F6AD849B" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
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<th id="537ECD5D41716E5149AB0DB4EAA83D72" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">Type</th>
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<th id="207BB093A90C935D50F390F002C0E1ED" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">Country</th>
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<th id="AE00E5E458908A5DB312778473C150F6" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">Label</th>
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<th id="18B09230C72CBF350069F3AE3F74CB67" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">Latitude Longitude</th>
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<th id="28833EAE519741ED5F5FBA99F230F9B1" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">Code</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="DD7446B2432ED276444970F910CDD90A" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="BFE39254AA0EB28B2F82AAF23C189D3A" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="FCD7F62ACAFCEEEDDE7CD649FA7C56BD" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="FD476592A10ED181C8DE2F00AA35D889" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="B1BD3DF08A1F3F28B6586F55EF871DC6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="C550C55EE338C19F42A558FECA1AC5A2" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="BA9D94A65AB90B8B1696EB4A7DAF80CB" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="76904F6ECD57E53F46A3F58F88DCF924" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="656007F65CD0CCF33B2514EB670F88F5" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="DD234E05E677290159CC62DA9BC1D506" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="398A965655012B18BE59B91426C2CEF7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="76BAC4EB1A382D2CC2C9D5C33804701E" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr id="BCF9377ABB0D60EF5F3BDE68CBDA0488" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="9E2D42243FF33A0A36A3A55D5DE83316" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="7A3192800F36F5F727E22D40A1AEFD4E" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="85AA315345B4AE3212793B8EEE20B9D8" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">10.078445, -83.573754</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="AF45A0CF4D75FB7F3AE7A6BF5C7C4647" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="2673B0D3960CD5CB294E89E3008EC86A" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.989971, -83.763587</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="4C47BCA2957E3CDDCEEC0A27C15B9A99" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="8D3627858FB359BB6CF0219F33556241" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.831438, -83.832067</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="285DDA555E9C119B1F3587590089C4E0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="29EE1A5325FEB5D8F8E64DF8E939530A" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">8.490081, -82.620285</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="945BEB5CCE61C09A58549D8D3901BBEC" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="0A660062012964FB4680CF8CAE5DB7E1" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">8.793367, -82.188833</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="B1F6A9EC0929A322C7ED453EDC7209F4" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="26451500B579B21890F418073A4D5800" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">10.974153, -84.343499</td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr id="36934C63936C76EDD68EC44DEA81CD39" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="23B1663BE82D5D3EB08C2500C660DBE5" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">10.974309, -84.338318</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="809BDF591AF18E259295CB4B3A62E126" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="3B8C9F3B79448391F3F35909AF6E31E4" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">10.972540, -84.338990</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="2671456D3EC6CC4ED32EBB0B49C6FED9" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="24394D3E091B7938BE86F1EE99D7AF34" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">11.316590, -84.612565</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="65F01BBD2D189F353A683158481BE429" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="2A039E5B70D88438F2CAFB328EE0BC6B" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr id="1B8A021D2DD762BD9D5B3BE25522D01B" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="DC0CD8E604B1A7516FECDBB7CA661C74" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">10.250000, -83.450000</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="27ED05FB712FDEB5995DD06929D8E3CC" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="F4D60A99B6FFEBBE2951DD9F2FDF1CF3" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">10.250000, -83.450000</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="6B482EF6B8DECD905D56690EA2AF36D3" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="6561AE66732DD8F79F484F609DBA3F20" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">8.399580, -83.313750</td>
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</tr>
|
|
<tr id="BD1D6C2DB3509B22EE1DE3DFE225AE0C" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
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<td id="A9D748004773095EBFC41D0796032815" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="87A761421F97CA416CF2049C02A7E3E7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<td id="CED4341A346B0AE6762E00BAF36CE792" colspan="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">9.164966, -79.837098</td>
|
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDDAD20D113BB066270537A28EC5B11E" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="taxonomic history">
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<paragraph id="CE3C2C58B978FAAA714BA962A19BE430" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<pageBreakToken id="2CC36BC069B4B4295ED3D5A63F5C9D47" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">Taxonomic</pageBreakToken>
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history.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A2F0AC07EAD3763C7516751A36C724E1" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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Described in 1950 by James Rehn, the species was originally identified as
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<taxonomicName id="2AA73DF475028A7AE63876938FD8FC0F" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa annulipes" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulipes">
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<pageBreakToken id="CACD64EE6B86F70FFA5B68EFD5F5CFBD" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" start="start">Liturgusa</pageBreakToken>
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annulipes
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</taxonomicName>
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by Rehn in his 1935 work on
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<taxonomicName id="DA8EEC65E6798C24B224634F7A87FB7E" genus="Orthoptera" lsidName="Orthoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="genus">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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of Costa Rica. Rehn later recognized that the species was unique, recording specimens mainly from Barro Colorado in Panama, but including one specimen from Costa Rica. We found the species in southern Nicaragua as well, which is a new record for that country. Interestingly, the species was included in a number of studies focused on chromosomes headed by Sally Hughes-Schrader in the 1940's and into the 60's. Other than being included in species records for regional studies and taxonomic lists, the species has received no taxonomic attention since its original description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F06232186F825F5B5774A89E5509A8F5" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="natural history">
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<paragraph id="D1BD8223967C6268F15C8373858BD8D7" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F87DE1EF431601ADD03617423EACE274" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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Encountered commonly in lowland tropical forest in southern Nicaragua. Individuals were present on trees in agricultural fields, secondary forest as well as primary forest regions, but with lower densities. Usually found positioned head down on the tree trunk and varying elevations. Individuals ran rapidly up and/or to the opposite side of the trunk when approached. All trees were smooth bark. Found living sympatrically with
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<taxonomicName id="8300A6EAE865F7FDA70723E33C0136DC" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa fossetti" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossetti">Liturgusa fossetti</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A3F87619FF65C462E6FCF86FE9F9749A" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa maya" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">Liturgusa maya</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="E6F1897E6D766F055236126A842C18FE" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Corticomantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corticomantis atricoxata" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricoxata">Corticomantis atricoxata</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE855850BBC88A1FFAB1264BAF265BFB" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1149FF0644BD9C0822718E5152A0039E" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A71043CBC3B5F50B1D95CABB92F3C13" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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A small, slender species like
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<taxonomicName id="33225763B7FD85F2393C8DFD3A6BC143" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa dominica" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominica">Liturgusa dominica</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1977A64E1CC8EC9DB29D192BF480E703" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa milleri" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">Liturgusa milleri</taxonomicName>
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|
, but restricted in distribution to Central America. The forewings of males are colored asymmetrically while
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|
<taxonomicName id="8A44668C95A06B0778A7D9865A3F4CD6" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa dominica" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominica">Liturgusa dominica</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="02822F9A79EDAE6527D490469A9B4A49" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa milleri" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">Liturgusa milleri</taxonomicName>
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both have symmetrically colored forewings; the costal region in males and females with a contrasting green color in newly preserved specimens, but usually faded to pale in older specimens. The genitalia of males are unique among
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|
<taxonomicName id="BD7342E8C796CAE15ED27A54269C60DA" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liturgusa</taxonomicName>
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with an elongate and narrowed distal terminus of the right dorsal phallomere (fda) of the first sclerite of right phallomere (R1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A47C5EB0160C713A930D3774DAC7407C" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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|
A thorough description of the species was provided by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="25B238A6A74AF5686E7DFFB590FA2BA9" author="Rehn, JAG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Philadelphia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="363 - 383" title="Three new Central-American Mantoidea - Orthoptera." volume="76" year="1950">Rehn (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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and can be referred to in addition to the standardized description provided herein.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="06173D77FBCF935B6B9964411FBAC808" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="8492721C8E839ECEA48C187A0BF6A8AC" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="629494069D968B2B0A93806A723F1EE1" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Male. (Fig. 19A) N=11: Body length 19.23-22.61 (20.94); forewing length 12.00-13.18 (12.57); hindwing length 9.34-9.84 (9.52); pronotum length 6.27-7.01 (6.66); prozone length 1.82-2.07 (1.99); pronotum width 1.99-2.17 (2.09); pronotum narrow width 1.32-1.54 (1.39); head width 4.37-4.74 (4.51); head vertex to clypeus 1.69-1.85 (1.76); frons width 1.39-1.56 (1.47); frons height 0.53-0.74 (0.60); prothoracic femur length 6.03-6.70 (6.33); mesothoracic femur length 8.41-9.37 (8.71); mesothoracic tibia length 6.42-7.28 (6.67); mesothoracic tarsus length 5.81-6.78 (6.31); metathoracic femur length 8.18-9.23 (8.56); metathoracic tibia length 8.68-9.83 (8.93); metathoracic tarsus length 9.72-11.46 (10.23); pronotal elongation measure 0.29-0.30 (0.30); pronotal shape measure 0.30-0.33 (0.32); head shape measure 0.38-0.40 (0.39); frons shape measure 0.38-0.47 (0.41); anteroventral femoral spine count 14-15 (15); anteroventral tibial spine count 9; posteroventral tibial spine count 7.</paragraph>
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<caption id="A779D51A2553F8867A96018FEC741E94" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph id="3393D08071E132AD63EF52F378E24345" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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|
Figure 19.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="77F19549ECFFCF43F66C4998A7D34297" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cursor" order="Mantodea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cursor">Liturgusa cursor</taxonomicName>
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Rehn, 1950, dorsal habitus: A paratype male from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (ANSP 061) B paratype female from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (ANSP 070).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="E7D6E3EA0CB557FE0C7FDE43949B596F" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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|
<pageBreakToken id="F8EAFB8487EC2DEB46A469886F1080A7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
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|
(Fig. 43E): Slightly transverse, the juxta-ocular protuberances small, the apex in the lateral half; the vertex between the parietal sutures with two convex regions, the medial line being slightly depressed; vertex slightly lower than the dorsal margin of the eyes. Frontal suture with a medial carina forming a continuous arc. Ocelli small and positioned on the edge of a blunt, curved carina that connects all three ocelli, continuing slightly beyond the lateral ocelli. Frons transverse, the lower portion narrowed under the antennal insertions. Lateral ocelli oriented outward. Upper margin of clypeus convex, lower margin straight; a medial transverse ridge moderately pronounced, rounded. Antennae pale basally, fading almost immediately to black. Two black spots lateral to the frontal suture at the base of each parietal suture; lower region of frons with a broad black band; the clypeus mostly pale with two brown spots in the upper corners; the mandibles pale with lateral darkening; the labrum with a pale upper region and a brown to black lower region; the vertex and juxta-ocular protuberances with brown and black markings; thin, black margins surround the ocelli. Palpi are pale.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C711940A360D12CF0CFF533F9A797657" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pronotum (Fig. 48G): Elongate with a defined supra-coxal bulge; dorsal surface smooth. Prozone elongate with gradually widening margins before tapering anteriorly to a rounded anterior margin; the lateral margins smooth. Metazone with concave lateral margins, narrowing quickly posterior to the supra-coxal bulge to the midpoint, then widening gradually until reaching the rounded posterior terminus; margins with few small tubercles; posterior margin barely medially emarginate; the dorsal surface of the posterior third of the metazone barely depressed. Pale coloration dominant with strong black marks near the anterior and posterior margins and symmetrical black swirls on the supra-coxal bulge.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10BE2313E8305976C24B23CA6F2E8AF" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Prothoracic Legs: Femur elongate with a slightly concave dorsal margin; strongly defined pale to dark banding on posterior (external) surface; anterior (internal) surface with a black band running medially from the base to terminus, often interrupted medially; a broad black mark at the base and just distal to the tibial spur groove; the ventral surface pale. Posterior surface of femur with few tubercles. A well developed femoral pit to accommodate terminal posteroventral tibial spine positioned medial to the most proximal posteroventral spine; pit is pale. Posterior prothoracic femoral genicular spine slightly smaller than posteroventral spines, originating distal to the beginning of the genicular lobe. Prothoracic tibial posteroventral spines with the first (proximal) smallest and the fourth through sixth of similar length, the second and third are longer (the second being the longest). Prothoracic coxae smooth; the anterior surface with a small, black band medially in the proximal half as well as a black spot medially towards the distal terminus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="82B1C23E7D3F5EE002209964AA464F68" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Meso- and Metathoracic Legs: Femora with a faint ventral (posterior) carina; dorsal (anterior) carina faint. Mesotarsi with first segment as long or longer than remaining segments combined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="01F9669C41235A8C70AA0F14BD3540C9" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Wings: Forewings mottled with pale, brown, and green coloration; the costal region with pale/green and dark near regular banding; the discoidal region evenly mottled with large brown and pale color markings. Forewings often colored asymmetrically, one being mottled as described above while the other is rust colored with the mottled pattern still visible; extending to around the terminus of the abdomen. Hindwings smoky black, but translucent, the discoidal region darker and more opaque; the discoidal region narrowed; the costal region dark brown proximally; the terminus of the discoidal region projecting slightly beyond the distal margin of anal region.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F3A42755C96A7B760990EBDDA2384F3C" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Abdomen: Elongate, tubular with slight widening before posterior narrowing; a smooth brown and black colored dorsal surface. Supra-anal plate highly transverse, tapering quickly to a broad, blunt and wide terminus. Subgenital plate irregularly rounded and without styli.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ECA24F5027027630AA571D91DAB3BC7D" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<pageBreakToken id="8529046D66DA8FDBFC060BA5AF998F55" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" start="start">Genital</pageBreakToken>
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|
Complex (Fig. 52C.1-C.3): The main body of ventral left sclerite (L4A) with a narrowed, but rounded terminus, lacking a distal process (pda); an elliptical depression on the lateral half is present. The apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) elongate and finger-like, margins narrowing before reaching an expanded and bulbous terminal end, either straight or curved; the apical process (paa) short, curved and with a rounded end. The right dorsal phallomere (fda) of the first sclerite of right phallomere (R1) tapers dramatically to a narrowed and membranous terminus, almost pointed, but the tip is blunt; the ventral plate (pia) short and tooth-like; the ventral process (pva) c-shaped and smooth.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="C285A7722A209E0C8C3819E9F28ED8F5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="CC9548C9117914D2744A86967C6F36D8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Redescription.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="43FF0F1AA029CFC083D320A7AE5ADE3F" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Female. (Figs 1A, 19B) N=11: Body length 24.15-29.52 (26.39); forewing length 13.83-16.18 (14.73); hindwing length 10.73-12.71 (11.46); pronotum length 7.37-8.32 (7.88); prozone length 2.20-2.49 (2.35); pronotum width 2.38-2.78 (2.58); pronotum narrow width 1.55-2.02 (1.74); head width 5.23-5.48 (5.35); head vertex to clypeus 2.19-2.38 (2.28); frons width 1.85-1.97 (1.90); frons height 0.71-0.86 (0.79); prothoracic femur length 7.19-7.97 (7.64); mesothoracic femur length 9.28-10.45 (9.84); mesothoracic tibia length 7.25-8.09 (7.73); mesothoracic tarsus length 6.73-7.43 (7.10); metathoracic femur length 9.25-10.53 (9.80); metathoracic tibia length 9.88-10.99 (10.33); metathoracic tarsus length 10.70-11.61 (11.11); pronotal elongation measure 0.29-0.31 (0.30); pronotal shape measure 0.31-0.35 (0.33); head shape measure 0.41-0.46 (0.43); frons shape measure 0.38-0.44 (0.42); anteroventral femoral spine count 14-15 (15); anteroventral tibial spine count 9-10 (9); posteroventral tibial spine count 7.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE1DACAE7C3483162340938E7A25BE44" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Head (Fig. 43F): As broad is high, the juxta-ocular protuberances large, the apex in the lateral half; the vertex between the parietal sutures concave; vertex slightly higher than the dorsal margin of the eyes. Frontal suture with a medial carina forming a high and continuous arc. Lateral ocelli oriented anterolaterally. Clypeus slightly transverse, upper margin convex, lower margin straight. Antennae pale basally, fading almost immediately to black. Black markings surround frontal suture, are present on the vertex and juxta-ocular protuberances. Lower region of frons with a broad black band; the mandibles pale with distal darkening; the labrum mostly pale with a brown medial strip.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AB9340AF306701FD63AE453FB748857D" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pronotum (Fig. 48H): Margins of prozone with few small tubercles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6EA44139D567C6D1F0F20382C93C9831" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Prothoracic Legs: As described for males.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26344B3E46A36A85DADAFDADDC4E4428" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Meso- and Metathoracic Legs: As described for males.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="9280F53EC847F8176A9BC79B3DEBBF06" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Wings: Forewings colored symmetrically; shorter than the abdomen, reaching the fifth or sixth tergite. Hindwings with the costal region light brown proximally; this distal margin of the discoidal region pale or light brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="388E01D64317491C797C630C9555BC45" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Abdomen: Widening from first segment until the beginning of the distal half (segments 4-5) when the lateral margins narrow to the terminus, the middle being the broadest region. Tergites without posterolateral tergal projections. Supra-anal plate highly transverse, evenly rounded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |