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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.580.6603" ID-GBIF-Dataset="026ac660-2760-4de1-844b-713ade57ad3f" ID-PMC="PMC4829947" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-580-1" ID-PubMed="27110205" ID-ZBK="0D48835810A0419FBFC65144A3797F29" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-580-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 580" ModsDocTitle="Milnesiumminutum and Milnesiumsandrae, two new species of Milnesiidae (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Apochela)" checkinTime="1460542569546" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pilato, Giovanni &amp; Lisi, Oscar" docDate="2016" docId="794767B85AED38A2320097E2F77DB23F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 580: 1-12" docOrigin="ZooKeys 580" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.580.6603" docTitle="Milnesium sandrae Pilato &amp; Lisi, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="D17FD526-0722-4D6E-A50A-F855F68110A6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="AB53FFEE8F77FFE7FFE60F5BFFA95F13" masterDocTitle="Milnesiumminutum and Milnesiumsandrae, two new species of Milnesiidae (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Apochela)" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668162951182" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Milnesiumminutum and Milnesiumsandrae, two new species of Milnesiidae (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Apochela)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pilato, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lisi, Oscar</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>580</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>12</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.580.6603</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.580.6603</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-580-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0D48835810A0419FBFC65144A3797F29</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0D48835810A0419FBFC65144A3797F29</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127880205" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D17FD526-0722-4D6E-A50A-F855F68110A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/794767B85AED38A2320097E2F77DB23F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
classification Animalia Apochela Milnesiidae
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D17FD526-0722-4D6E-A50A-F855F68110A6" class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Fig. 3, Table 3
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="locus typicus">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Locus</pageBreakToken>
typicus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Hawaiian Archipelago:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai’i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Hawaiian Archipelago:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai’i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
Island (holotype, slide 4290) and 16 paratypes (slides Nos. 4268, 4288-4290; 4293) collected in 1994 by Dr. D.S. Horning (Sydney).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The precise geographic coordinates relative to the type locality in which the specimens were found in 1994 are not available. The specimens were erroneously considered as
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium tardigradum" order="Apochela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="tardigradum">Milnesium tardigradum</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Binda, MG" journalOrPublisher="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="57 - 62" title="Notizie sui Tardigradi delle Isole Hawaii con descrizione di due specie nuove." volume="21" year="1994">Binda and Pilato (1994)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type repository">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type repository.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Holotype and paratypes are deposited in the Binda and Pilato Collection, Museum of the Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Sicily.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="specific diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Specific diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Colourless; cuticle smooth; eye spots present; six peribuccal and two lateral papillae present; bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium" order="Apochela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">Milnesium</taxonomicName>
type. Buccal tube wide; mouth terminal with six peribuccal lamellae. Stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube at 58.0-60.5 % of its length. Claws of the
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium" order="Apochela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">Milnesium</taxonomicName>
type with [3-3]-[3-3] configuration; primary claws with thin accessory points; secondary claws each with a rounded basal thickening (lunule); a long cuticular bar present under the claws
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description of the holotype">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Body 567
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, colourless, cuticle smooth without pseudopores, reticulum, tubercles or gibbosities; eye spots present. Six peribuccal and two lateral papillae present. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium" order="Apochela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">Milnesium</taxonomicName>
type (Fig. 3A) (rigid buccal tube without ventral lamina, apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles in the shape of very short and flat ridges symmetrical with respect to the frontal plane and without caudal processes; pharyngeal bulb elongated, pear-shaped, without apophyses, placoids or septulum); mouth terminal with six triangular peribuccal lamellae with basal stripes. Stylet furcae triangular in shape (Fig. 3A). Buccal tube cylindrical, 35.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long; the external width at the level of the stylet supports insertion point is 15.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(pt = 44.9). Stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube at 58.0% of its length.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 3.
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus (holotype) B Claws of the first pair of legs; the arrow indicates the long cuticular thickening (holotype) C Claws of the hind legs; the arrow indicates a claw basal thickening (lunule) (slide No. 1028) D Detail of one claw of the hind legs with an arrow that indicates one accessory point (holotype). Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Claws of the
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium" order="Apochela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">Milnesium</taxonomicName>
type (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
), secondary claws with three points: configuration [3-3]-[3-3]. Primary claws on legs I, 14.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long (pt = 41.4), and secondary claw, 12.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(pt = 35.4); primary claws on legs II, 15.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long (pt = 43.4) and secondary claw, 12.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(pt = 35.4); primary claws on legs III, 15.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long (pt = 43.4) and secondary claw, 12.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(pt =34.9); primary claws on legs IV, 19.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long (pt = 54.9) and secondary claw, 13.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(pt = 39.1). The secondary claw length is 85.5% of the primary claw length on legs I, 81.6% on legs II, 80.3% on legs III and 71.4% on legs IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Thin accessory points present on the primary claws (Fig. 3C, D); secondary claws each with rounded basal thickening (lunule) (Fig. 3C); a long cuticular bar is present under the claws
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
(Fig. 3B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The paratypes are similar to the holotype in both qualitative and quantitative characters (Table 3).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Table 3. Measurements in
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, pt index values relative to some structures, and percent ratio between secondary claw and primary claw lengths of the holotype, and three paratypes of
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Also the differences between maximum and minimum values of some characters are given.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="2">Slide nomber Measurements</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
4290
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai’i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
Island paratype
</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
4290
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai’i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
Island paratype
</th>
<th colspan="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
4293
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai’i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
Island paratype
</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
4290
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai’i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
Island holotype
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="2">Difference between Max.-Min. values</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">pt</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">pt</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">pt</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">pt</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">47.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">48.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">45.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">44.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">60.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">58.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">58.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">58.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">43.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">38.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">41.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">33.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">32.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">35.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">43.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">46.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">42.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">43.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">36.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">37.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">33.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">35.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">46.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">45.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">43.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">43.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">36.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">36.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">34.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">34.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">57.1</td>
<td colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">54.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">54.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">40.2</td>
<td colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">38.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">39.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The specific name sandrae is in honour of Dr. Sandra J. McInnes (Cambridge, United Kingdom), who kindly improved the English of many of our papers.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Differential</pageBreakToken>
diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is compared with other species of the genus having six peribuccal lamellae, smooth cuticle (without pseudopores, reticulum, tubercles or gibbosities), and the [3-3]-[3-3] claw configuration. The new species differs from all these species, except
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium eurystomum" order="Apochela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="eurystomum">Milnesium eurystomum</taxonomicName>
, by having a different value of the pt index of the stylet supports insertion point (58.0-60.5 in the new species, over 62 in the remaining taxa) and other characters, which are indicated in detail in the following comparisons.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. differs from
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium eurystomum" order="Apochela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="eurystomum">Milnesium eurystomum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium bohleberi" order="Apochela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="bohleberi">Milnesium bohleberi</taxonomicName>
by having a cylindrical instead of a funnel-shaped buccal tube.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. differs from
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium brachyungue" order="Apochela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brachyungue">Milnesium brachyungue</taxonomicName>
by a higher buccal tube width pt index; a higher pt of both the primary and secondary claw lengths, and lower percent ratio values between the secondary claw and primary claw lengths (Tables 3 and 2, and Figs 3BC and 2B); this ratio difference is particularly marked for legs
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">IV</pageBreakToken>
where the ratio values of 70.4-71.4 for
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. compare with 81 in
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium brachyungue" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="brachyungue">Milnesium brachyungue</taxonomicName>
(Tables 2 and 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The new species differs from
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium asiaticum" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="asiaticum">Milnesium asiaticum</taxonomicName>
by having a higher pt of the buccal tube width; a higher pt of the secondary claw lengths (particularly on the legs
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
), and a higher percent ratio between the secondary claw and primary claw lengths on all legs (Tables 2 and 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. differs from
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium antarcticum" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="antarcticum">Milnesium antarcticum</taxonomicName>
by having a shorter buccal tube with respect to the body length; a higher pt index of the buccal tube width; higher pt of the insertion point of the stylet supports on the buccal tube (58.0-60.5 in
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., 70.0-73.7 in
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium antarcticum" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="antarcticum">Milnesium antarcticum</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation author="Tumanov, DV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 23" title="Five new species of the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae)." volume="1122" year="2006">Tumanov 2006</bibRefCitation>
); higher pt indices of the secondary claws, and higher values of the percent ratio between the secondary claw and primary claw lengths (Tables 3 and 4, Figs 3B, C and 2D).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Table 4. Measurements in
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, pt index values relative to some structures, and percent ratio between secondary claw and primary claw lengths of the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium barbadosense" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="barbadosense">Milnesium barbadosense</taxonomicName>
(*According to
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, HA" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Journal of Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="194 - 202" title="Terrestrial Tardigrada of the island of Barbados in the West Indies, with the description of Milnesiumbarbadosense sp. n. (Eutardigrada: Apochela: Milnesiidae)." volume="46" year="2012">Meyer and Hinton 2012</bibRefCitation>
) and the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium antarcticum" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="antarcticum">Milnesium antarcticum</taxonomicName>
(** according to
<bibRefCitation author="Tumanov, DV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 23" title="Five new species of the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae)." volume="1122" year="2006">Tumanov 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="3">Species Measurements</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium barbadosense" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="barbadosense">Milnesium barbadosense</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium antarcticum" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="antarcticum">Milnesium antarcticum</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th colspan="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">holotype *</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">holotype **</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">pt</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">pt</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">49.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">36.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">72.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">71.3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">40.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">35.2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">28.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">23.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">49.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">31.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">48.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">28.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">53.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">52.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">36.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">31.7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The new species differs from
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium longiungue" order="Apochela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="longiungue">Milnesium longiungue</taxonomicName>
by having accessory points; by having lower pt values of the primary claw, and by a higher percent ratio between the secondary claw and primary claw lengths on all legs (Tables 3 and 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
new species differs from
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium zsalakoae" order="Apochela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="zsalakoae">Milnesium zsalakoae</taxonomicName>
in having accessory points and a higher percent ratio between the secondary claw and primary claw lengths on all legs. The difference is particularly marked in claws IV where the pt ratios are 70.4-71.4 in
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and 47.2-48.6 in
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium zsalakoae" order="Apochela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="zsalakoae">Milnesium zsalakoae</taxonomicName>
(see:
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, HA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="113 - 120" title="Milnesiumzsalakoae and Milnesiumjacobi, two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae) from the southwestern USA." url="10.2988/09-29.1" volume="123" year="2010">Meyer and Hinton 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. differs from
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium barbadosense" order="Apochela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="barbadosense">Milnesium barbadosense</taxonomicName>
by higher pt of the secondary claw lengths and by higher values of the percent ratio between the secondary claw and the primary claw lengths on legs
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
(Tables 3 and 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium sandrae" order="Apochela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sandrae">Milnesium sandrae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. differs from
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Milnesiidae" genus="Milnesium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milnesium minutum" order="Apochela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="minutum">Milnesium minutum</taxonomicName>
by having a larger body size; shorter buccal tube with respect to the body length; a higher pt of the secondary claw lengths and higher values of the percent ratio between the secondary claw and primary claw lengths. This difference is less marked in legs IV (Tables 1 and 3; Figs 1 and 3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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