183 lines
19 KiB
XML
183 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.557.6602" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5271e97a-b9d2-43ef-9055-bb54aacbaf83" ID-PMC="PMC4740838" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-557-85" ID-PubMed="26877701" ID-ZBK="E3D490F4565447E495AA3407F41648CE" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-557-85" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 557" ModsDocTitle="First Immature of the New World Treehopper tribe Thuridini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a new synonym, a new combination, and a new country record" checkinTime="1454061988805" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="McKamey, Stuart H. & Porter, Mitchell J." docDate="2016" docId="78F348FB2C664AA5021F54A28B4DC2F1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 557: 85-91" docOrigin="ZooKeys 557" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.557.6602" docTitle="Thuris binodosus, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="BD2BFF86C07E1A560201A355FFA2FFEA" masterDocTitle="First Immature of the New World Treehopper tribe Thuridini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a new synonym, a new combination, and a new country record" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668162529790" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>First Immature of the New World Treehopper tribe Thuridini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a new synonym, a new combination, and a new country record</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>McKamey, Stuart H.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Porter, Mitchell J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>557</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>85</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>91</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.557.6602</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.557.6602</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-557-85</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E3D490F4565447E495AA3407F41648CE</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E3D490F4565447E495AA3407F41648CE</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891530" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:78F348FB2C664AA5021F54A28B4DC2F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/78F348FB2C664AA5021F54A28B4DC2F1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Goding" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris binodosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosus">Thuris binodosus (Goding)</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="87">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Parantonae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parantonae binodosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosa">Parantonae binodosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Goding, FW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" pagination="103 - 110" title="New genera and species of Membracidae." volume="52" year="1926">Goding 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 108 (Figs 1-4, 8; holotype USNM)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris depressus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">Thuris depressus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sakakibara, AM" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" pagination="843 - 846" title="Sobre o genero Thuris Funkhouser, 1943, com descricao de uma nova especie." volume="35" year="1975">Sakakibara 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 843, syn. n. (Figs 5-7; holotype DZUP)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="notes and new distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Notes and new distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
Examination of the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Parantonae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parantonae binodosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosa">Parantonae binodosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Goding, FW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" pagination="103 - 110" title="New genera and species of Membracidae." volume="52" year="1926">Goding (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, from Tena, Ecuador (Napo Province) (Figs 1-4) revealed a match with the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris depressus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">Thuris depressus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sakakibara, AM" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" pagination="843 - 846" title="Sobre o genero Thuris Funkhouser, 1943, com descricao de uma nova especie." volume="35" year="1975">Sakakibara (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(Figs 5-7), resulting in the classification above. An aggregation of the species has also been observed in Ecuador in Coca (= Puerto Francisco de Orellana, Napo Province) and a solitary adult was found in (Fig. 8) Otoyaku, Santa Clara (Pastaza Province). The Venezuelan
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thuris</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimen (of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris fenestratus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestratus">Thuris fenestratus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Funkhouser) was collected in Amazonas state.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
Figures 1-7.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris binodosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosus">Thuris binodosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Goding), comb. n. 1-4
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Parantonae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parantonae binodosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosa">Parantonae binodosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
holotype and labels 5-7
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris depressus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">Thuris depressus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, syn. n., holotype.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
Figure 8.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris binodosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosus">Thuris binodosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, live shot, Ecuador. Photo Milan
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kozánek">Kozanek</normalizedToken>
|
|
, with permission (http://www.kozanek.com/en/insects/18/?slide=559).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="description of fifth instar">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Description of fifth instar</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">(Figs 9-11).</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
Figures 9-12. 9-11 Fifth instar of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris binodosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosus">Thuris binodosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Goding) 12 Fifth instar of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Neotynelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotynelia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotynelia</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp., which also exhibits a ventrally extended abdominal segment IX.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Body densely covered with short setae, but lacking chalazae and scoli; apex of abdominal segment IX narrowly extended ventrally far beyond dorsal extension.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Overall body. Length 2.50 mm, maximum width 1.25 mm. Cross-section of abdomen subcircular; chalazae on thorax and abdomen absent; waxlike substance absent; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view curvilinear (Fig. 10); overall body in dorsal view elongate (distinctly longer than wide). Coloration a combination of black and brown, most pale on premetopidium, metanotum, margins of tibia, and mid dorsally from pronotum to abdominal tergum VIII. Head. Scoli, dorsal or anterior rounded protuberances, and chalazae absent; compound eye surface setae present; frontoclypeus not extending over central margin of eye. Prothorax. Premetopidium and postmetopidium scoli absent; metopidial sulcus deeply incised; posterior extension of pronotum acute, surpassing posterior margin of metanotum but not attaining abdominal apex; dorsal pronotal single medial, suprahumeral, and humeral horn buds absent; pronotal lateral margin straight. Mesothorax. Dorsal projections absent; forewing pad anterior costal margin form straight, surface and costal chalazae absent. Metathorax. Dorsal projections absent. Legs. Tibia without chalazae; prothoracic tibia form subcylindrical, without defined margins; metathoracic tarsal length longer than pro- and mesothoracic tarsal length; pro- and mesothoracic first tarsomeres distinctly shorter than their second tarsomeres (Fig. 9); metathoracic first tarsomere subequal in length to its second tarsomere (Fig. 10). Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins without enlarged chalazae or other lateral extensions, lateral longitudinal rows of enlarged chalazae or scoli between mid dorsal line and ventrolateral margins not manifested. Segment IX. Distal half tubular in cross-section; dorsal length subequal to length of segment V-VIII; dorsal projections before and at apex absent; ventral extension narrow and distinctly longer than dorsal extension (Fig. 10); fused portion of segment IX distal to unfused portion; unfused portion distally not bifurcate.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|
The nymph of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris binodosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosus">Thuris binodosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is exceptionally devoid of the chalazae and scoli that adorn most treehopper nymphs, including those of the related tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="tribe" tribe="Tragopini">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="88" start="start">Tragopini</pageBreakToken>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and that is in itself distinctive. Another diagnostic feature is the ventrally extended abdominal tergum IX, which among other membracid immatures only occurs in a few taxa. Although the ventral extension is distinctly longer than the dorsal extension in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Todea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Todea cimicoides" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cimicoides">Todea cimicoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Coquebert) and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Colisicostata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colisicostata albata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albata">Colisicostata albata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Tode) of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="tribe" tribe="Tragopini">Tragopini</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Phormophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phormophora maura" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maura">Phormophora maura</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius) of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="tribe" tribe="Polyglyptini">Polyglyptini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and most
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Aetalionidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="family">Aetalionidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, only in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Neotynelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotynelia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotynelia</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Creão-Duarte">Creao-Duarte</normalizedToken>
|
|
& Sakakibara (2000;
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="tribe" tribe="Amastrini">Amastrini</taxonomicName>
|
|
) is the extension digitiform as in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris binodosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosus">Thuris binodosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This digitiform ventral extension feature was not used in the phylogenetic study by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Dietrich, CH" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" pagination="213 - 239" title="Morphology-based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00140.x" volume="26" year="2001">Dietrich et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and, perhaps because of this,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thuris</taxonomicName>
|
|
did not form a clade with
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="tribe" tribe="Amastrini">Amastrini</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Neotynelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotynelia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotynelia</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs in always bearing large scoli on the abdomen at least (Fig. 12).
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Deitz, LL" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" title="Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera: Membracidae)." volume="225" year="1975">Deitz (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
established
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="tribe" tribe="Thuridini">Thuridini</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a tribe based in large part on the absence of cucullate setae in metathoracic tibial row I. Unfortunately, these basally covered setae so ubiquitous among membracid adults are absent in the nymphs. The subequal lengths of the metathoracic first and second tarsomeres, due to an extraordinarily long first tarsomere, is unusual but shared with other taxa such as
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="tribe" tribe="Tragopini">Tragopini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(McKamey et al., in prep) and is reflected in the similarly long first tarsomere (of three total) in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thuris</taxonomicName>
|
|
adults.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="88" type="specimens examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Parantonae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parantonae binodosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosa">Parantonae binodosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
holotype (USNM).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris fenestratus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestratus">Thuris fenestratus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Funkhouser holotype (USNM). Additional material of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris binodosus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodosus">Thuris binodosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 1 nymph. ECUADOR: Napo, Coca 24-VIII-1988, C. H. Dietrich #86, INHS Insect Collection 776, 690 (INHS). Not examined but same collection lot as examined nymph: 1 nymph, 1 adult (INHS), 2 nymphs, 3 adults (NSCU). Specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thuris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thuris fenestratus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestratus">Thuris fenestratus</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 1 adult. VENEZUELA: T. F. Amazonas, San Carlos de Rio Negro, 24-I-1985, P. & P. Spangler, R. Faitoute, W. Steiner (USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |