treatments-xml/data/78/7E/26/787E262FB52656F2B2ABBACADACF5638.xml

<document id="CDA2C702A4F7DBECACF86E164FA62069" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047" ID-ZooBank="CA37DEF5-365F-4B12-AC70-78C5E7EEA7BE" ID-publisher-id="124047" URI-arpha="53B18866-3DA7-592A-8A62-C8CF3F72D910" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/CA37DEF5-365F-4B12-AC70-78C5E7EEA7BE" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1722437473395" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huang, Mian &amp; Zhai, Hongxiu" docDate="2024" docId="787E262FB52656F2B2ABBACADACF5638" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1208: 259-274" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1208" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/124047/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Halichoanolaimus sinensis Huang &amp; Zhai, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="274" masterDocId="53B188663DA7592A8A62C8CF3F72D910" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda, Selachinematidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, China" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="259" pageNumber="259" updateTime="1722448673836" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="1553E7B576168A51792E085A1B05C2C8">Two new species of the genus Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda, Selachinematidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="09E6C93768EFE61EBF05DBB5CF82A3C8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="06D1021F8EFE4AD575E86C4DA99C8228">Huang, Mian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="253EDEDBF3429E146B80ED082C86AB88" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3343-1520</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="71FFF6F8E41196CE0EBFAC934EDBD06D">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7A1B5DEA76770A1676A3A84401630BF7">Zhai, Hongxiu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D604E3FECBF032183A4E6D6F1406CF8D" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0003-9549</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="714C23505662C872A7ABD6C6DC20F6FE">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6CC9402054842B961E7DCE253C0B37ED">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="94FDFC37E0630AAFC674A1FB98A94F55">2024-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CC9CC4F6026CAFE1F804D291B009FC60">1208</mods:number>
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<treatment id="787E262FB52656F2B2ABBACADACF5638" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13144509" ID-arpha="787E262F-B526-56F2-B2AB-BACADACF5638" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/3BCBB4D2-AED6-4A98-81B5-F637EA95290F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:787E262FB52656F2B2ABBACADACF5638" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3BCBB4D2-AED6-4A98-81B5-F637EA95290F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/787E262FB52656F2B2ABBACADACF5638">
<subSubSection id="00F398E9C56E4F92036B395C3349BFEA" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D201B9C63B427D2FA13F6979DB27A574">
<taxonomicName id="00D4BF24F8AC5BA08AC2EDE10A4AEEDE" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="26776BADF09E90474FEAC6695A53DB7B" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="39F6F1DE667EF7914A5B684D861BC217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341AA6FC81DF1FA430282F49DC5BEA6" type="description">
<paragraph id="D5FC79846CD9CD812E25C7E5540AF69D">
<figureCitation id="1ADECC6561D7BFC062C9E4420B78D4E0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Halichoanolaimus sinensis sp. nov. A pharyngeal region of male B posterior end of male C entire body of female D entire body of male E anterior end of male. Scale bars: 30 μm (A, B, E); 100 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105351">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="7E61E15F14B143977F76417C1B48088C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microscopic images of Halichoanolaimus sinensis sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity and excretory ampulla (arrow) B anterior end of male 2, showing amphidial fovea C anterior end of holotype, showing stomatorhabdions and anterior sensilla (arrow) D posterior part of holotype, showing supplements E cloacal region, showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements. Scale bars: 20 μm (A, B, C, E); 30 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105352">2</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="9002C19D91E998F2FE7C3338E463392B" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Individual measurements of Halichoanolaimus sinensis sp. nov. (in µm except for ratios; -, null)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/255F576EF570D624CC9E45EFA1CBC16E" tableUuid="255F576EF570D624CC9E45EFA1CBC16E">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJFAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="9318FDAF54F65077EAED4970FCE41BE3">
<heading id="690FE09A37399701DB75A20A1B5F19E4" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B24BD53FE7C311B89DBFA37C3391CE7">
<specimenCount id="979539B5149B3C637FF734947C23B0D5" count="4" type="male">Four males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="FF9A1C433B984AE45E355D4EB4928391" count="2" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
were obtained. 
<materialsCitation id="64CF9266F37098CA4B3578753CE42523" collectionCode="RZ" specimenCode="RZ08-7-5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="7A4A9894D3EDB63EA92A518BACD4F119" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="D3312623579FF3648C582925CEECB83C" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="D2466410CEF2A0737CADDCFA7E377685" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1 on slide 
<specimenCode id="CB7A8ACD3B5CD9B6AF8FAE2058D4455E">RZ08-7-5</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="721CD18958C32CAA8F0C45021E3C4311" collectionCode="RZ" specimenCode="RZ08-7-2, RZ08-7-5, RZ08-7-3" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="8F669329E969DB09FFC5B0AC8DAE1769" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="C0156B426BB5CCAC10E80D590A354542" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="ECEB8D09CD2720E273E28A25DAFDE1C7" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
2 on slide 
<specimenCode id="00C73BECEF78800BD3BE450BC3480AF9">RZ08-7-2</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="D9951E9CE0C8B6C2590D0ECD759A5666" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
3 on slide 
<specimenCode id="FCD8021D927D0430E22D88D0956B7F18">RZ08-7-5</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="16516E792616223E88F75D477B80C2EF" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
4 and 
<specimenCount id="21E2B1369CAE5F3BEAB3D45B45BD5595" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1 on slide 
<specimenCode id="BCA33E2575AECBD1050C7727E0977121">RZ08-7-3</specimenCode>
, and 
<specimenCount id="3E9035D3E5D8FE6B91533345D2B9905D" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
2 on slide 
<specimenCode id="E62BB70D340F51F47D0FC2C24E118A9C">RZ08-7-2</specimenCode>
. Type specimens were deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVFAE" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="B5FB87F966D0D5C3DD3312FB09B00099">
<heading id="AFC880CFA88D0965AB6099F7F4F9AED2" reason="title">Type locality and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4C457DD103F421C0CD6C8E8F7CE535E">
<typeStatus id="E818CC511B76ABE05E434EE945344D78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and all 
<typeStatus id="83FA678CFBC11588D6900C757FF3EAEE" isOtherTypeStatus="true">additional specimens</typeStatus>
were found from intertidal silt sediment at Rizhao coast of the Yellow Sea; 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E5FAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[119.566667,35.433333]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E1EDD832415BDF0D0AE9A1B67F06BED3" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="35.433334">35 ° 26 ' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C18249CDB9870CE4A5A0FB31BA129921" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="119.566666">119 ° 34 ' E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
; 
<quantity id="598B117BE6AEC1034DE3A2FF019DA64B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2 cm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="81277E0E089480E7B4E02BD83CE61C11" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
sediment depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDGAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C31C21D90CD51DF78DD32C47B0A5EE54">
<heading id="AB2E15FD27E17C2895AC594EFE6E801F" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9145C2615504F3075637423C02EC7819">
The specific epithet refers to the country origin, 
<collectingCountry id="23CF4825CB5FD34DBF79B5076912EF1A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIGAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="19A0F819C9CFD13D5E063683297994E4">
<heading id="D44EC0ABB521A697C66733EA24BEBC92" reason="title">Measurements.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="596E089FEF2E943953D194543D59A92D">
All measurement data are given in Table 
<tableCitation id="2D091ED4EEB2161D63B0D9ED599DB37C" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Individual measurements of Halichoanolaimus sinensis sp. nov. (in µm except for ratios; -, null)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/255F576EF570D624CC9E45EFA1CBC16E" tableUuid="255F576EF570D624CC9E45EFA1CBC16E">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="255F576EF570D624CC9E45EFA1CBC16E" ID-Table-UUID="255F576EF570D624CC9E45EFA1CBC16E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/255F576EF570D624CC9E45EFA1CBC16E" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="CF40BA20FC3A8F47BE0269F1F010187F">
<label id="EFCF407FFCE4A0DE60F339591EAEA15C">Table 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B4BB8045184FF8D424FC1B272A36CB9">
Individual measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="9D6D1FA1074F6BDA9A2511236116F200" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7BEC7E5C06A977D2993442F44C0F5FC5" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B066155EF76F2B37B5C78A0B84DCA261" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(in µm except for ratios; -, null).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="45C9E2CA6ED7D9D0DD8A8588DFD2B588">
<table id="TID0EVLBG" rules="all">
<tbody id="47F5BAD1FFD5C743C6A0C0271FF9C820">
<tr id="33F29EA30F10D6B4B6E2FC0AAE677314">
<th id="709B511031CD1B9D741361EB5CF45980" colspan="1" rowspan="2">Characters</th>
<th id="D3A70DBDEED97C8C55801BF8341F7CB8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
<th id="40B8CDEC9D95F01EA9451DB0B3CFEF7E" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Paratypes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="73397FF06340CFE95F98F3DEF4D4E830">
<th id="91A9501AF38817CFA437852F2E9A07E9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">male</th>
<th id="43D79EC821D901BFE5F9E8FA5917BD20" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
males (
<emphasis id="59EB47C1D861DE313766C09F37439AB1" italics="true">N</emphasis>
= 3)
</th>
<th id="FC1F8B41D84D70C360114F10DD5B3DDF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
females (
<emphasis id="8AECEA5BF437134BA39EE48704598F39" italics="true">N</emphasis>
= 2)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6F09A24647BF2FACF3695652B03136BF">
<td id="AB5AC5617D4C90D7F02FCE9D8763FCE3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Total body length</td>
<td id="D7999B0CD2DD4FCED408ABB6A95A5446" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2416</td>
<td id="0E5681493B4EEA202C01BAC80DE98770" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2197 ± 59.0 (2138–2259)</td>
<td id="B726669071195FF52BC47024DF2EAA55" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2792 ± 38.2 (2765–2819)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7C1CC41A0A96AF0BE174B823370F08BA">
<td id="B9915A996B7A3989B4EEBE71861840DC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Maximum body diameter</td>
<td id="A78381AC840842FF486361F823E5D43E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">66</td>
<td id="C9B2A8E74BA5BC03B2FA9A9E91085D8D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">72.3 ± 2.1 (70–74)</td>
<td id="87BF3609100FE614DE16AADC85F65137" colspan="1" rowspan="1">86.0 ± 5.7 (82–90)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CBCE40D145E065954602720BF66767A0">
<td id="FB23D268AEC819236BCD1564E36915C9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Head diameter</td>
<td id="5D667621AF9222F49F02D7BD498492A6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">36</td>
<td id="435278F05B3D3100CC61524C0470EDA6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">35.3 ± 3.1 (32–38)</td>
<td id="C297330312F0B46AEBEE8EE690951890" colspan="1" rowspan="1">39.0 ± 0.8 (37–41)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E37A2C1093C0E219AC8871A7AD25F72B">
<td id="54DD1FDB24D2A7BD7C93987512E94285" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length of outer labial sensilla</td>
<td id="C6B09B90B1D67A0D0AE83D8BCFAC29A6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="049F8FC6D3D09E1366C8C66F7205008B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.0 ± 0 (3–3)</td>
<td id="0D9B45D94B6B96BB83851341C0845B34" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.0 ± 0.0 (3–3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="826373842A14D779A570F83E66A7635A">
<td id="4E5225097E10D7E198BF4E87CF626D13" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Depth of buccal cavity</td>
<td id="09AD5112FAEAA16D97BC068EAAA8A63D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">46</td>
<td id="376841D83C256654063ACBB8C851D8B9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">36.0 ± 2.6 (31–38)</td>
<td id="ECC57296D7C20F368FE9741CF95C8821" colspan="1" rowspan="1">40.0 ± 0.0 (40–40)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A662F18E4169EF2E721E21A9094975BC">
<td id="94454DFEC28E69F045847802F2A53F0F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Width of amphid</td>
<td id="73E1DA62AD0B6E363DB3F9B6DB05AA0D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
<td id="71033ECB807E5DACF3362595F4E39632" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11.3 ± 1.2 (10–12)</td>
<td id="9D2E5A6D8B206D731D969C4A73503129" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.0 ± 0.0 (10–10)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C1D441163C42F13B0988A0CCA721284C">
<td id="219AA8FC217089EA06EA5F4313DD4EB0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Amphid from anterior end</td>
<td id="5C343391F8AD21B01C10097A9743ED37" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td id="C1BBDB2F77BE866C6EB394B65D9BB899" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20.0 ± 1.7 (19–22)</td>
<td id="D5862E1A153B40A39C69D67C93890EF1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.0 ± 1.4 (13–15)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="42DCAFDE51EB5ACCA08AD11053638334">
<td id="45128875B05C68610492DFE7C1DBF000" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nerve ring from anterior end</td>
<td id="72A1D317DCE3456CC9B302A568A0F9DA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">140</td>
<td id="1E86E2D55E67AC4D912E8466D3EE7795" colspan="1" rowspan="1">117 ± 0 (117–117)</td>
<td id="62EA7815A967F98D9B5D2C060E6906AC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5895A90C80C72C328A909C45B70AE4B0">
<td id="7473057376477126B583E3B05B548825" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length of pharynx</td>
<td id="BEC1085DF9834131C78D24EB76C2D565" colspan="1" rowspan="1">320</td>
<td id="B4DF2B7FDA3BD975E377E9AC8432DF8E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">301.3 ± 24.0 (274–319)</td>
<td id="981961020D82740B69DD39A8E2411E9F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">307.0 ± 18.4 (294–320)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="844FCA5B370C54FC8C1BFBFE74E859C9">
<td id="E83E0C603813C7F5E0EF182B274B01F1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Body diameter at pharyngeal base</td>
<td id="F6E28D788D5DABDDF8B9535304E157EC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">66</td>
<td id="42D0EC8F23884DEA0A2F64691891F49E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">67.0 ± 4.0 (63–71)</td>
<td id="6E76E0A4A501C6F7FEEC9F04D816444A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">69.0 ± 9.9 (62–76)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="139716E4B4B24D393580B5A661EB9ACD">
<td id="BEA8074F996C5BFDDE53D5BEF6897123" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spicule length along arc</td>
<td id="935FF7A41A0869E6339BC9E7936FB097" colspan="1" rowspan="1">82</td>
<td id="5E1C023A5C8D80BB5FCA00023178EDF1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">79.7 ± 5.5 (76–86)</td>
<td id="4D5AFEE38AC5554E205F8D677E765172" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1901156FC8A39E64CA291C472E287B87">
<td id="3AC9056101AB051D1A3BD4FB191E8273" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length of gubernaculum</td>
<td id="07F9E017297D9B1EE660AC9C97B68295" colspan="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
<td id="CF993790E13BFC9A2E192E11892D62FD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">45.0 ± 5.3 (41–51)</td>
<td id="7D45277909796F14DD2EE2DF13C714AE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27C540ECE1DC6F042052FDB46FFADDC3">
<td id="2F2B7FFD21CD394FA2EDD3AC5E164C9C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of precloacal supplements</td>
<td id="E355F70726DC96980E3CFD7465929B44" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="F5DDD515060E0270A03AF50C24086EE8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12.0 ± 1.0 (11–13)</td>
<td id="9B1CA397C44DC3A47F5AFCE0ED48ECA2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="ABF12C1A58CA8C5DC7EB87DE57FCB185">
<td id="FFFE58D2189F4CF180AA6F5F4AAB9FED" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Vulva from anterior end</td>
<td id="190C4C9321562E2D294E8092C36CBC24" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="C0DC98CDE543577EA8B3123F0CF407AA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="489DDE83B315284B8AE71F1812188C55" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1251.5 ± 153.4 (1143–1360)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6CDF803D54E72EEFAF861824730DE5F8">
<td id="B7718E014578706D8BBC807AD7F2930B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">V %</td>
<td id="C75D59CB03931F8558FF19FC824339F0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="05A3B0E831BD415152C9B941FA92B9DC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="8F0478789799FDB64D5623F24BC9549F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">44.8 ± 4.9 (41.3–48.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="34B9FA224D621473A3C69517F4188E63">
<td id="F984B9F9CDCA66627DD9F226011DB926" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Body diameter at cloaca</td>
<td id="DFCE151599A9F249C3E85F00AB559458" colspan="1" rowspan="1">55</td>
<td id="00E02966CDC426D70FECAB99A9B3CEFF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">55.3 ± 1.2 (54–56)</td>
<td id="4027C8562965A6A1344CF74905901101" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63FB1145FE85DAD06DF70EF37C73F589">
<td id="E26C328ED9167E8FC29378EDDEA85240" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Tail length</td>
<td id="603A54FCEC3B4B6F2BCE54CE02042B1B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">166</td>
<td id="2C106B01E02EED10C0B4BD356F773BC1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">190.7 ± 7.6 (182–196)</td>
<td id="4CDFC0124F39D7A43FA4328A2537C2F5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">204.0 ± 2.8 (202–206)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BA60C8BF9A7D80222112400AF527606D">
<td id="D77AB88B2FA64E1EF381187526E9FACB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">a</td>
<td id="4487414D672632E53D3D9610E69D1CAE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">36.6</td>
<td id="F0002EE3521DEB7112D39285A0B1586E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">30.4 ± 1.3 (28.9–31.4)</td>
<td id="FE9CCB16088DBD88CE20B7FC11E98492" colspan="1" rowspan="1">32.6 ± 2.6 (30.7–34.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="439B23D573FD7B074372E5AF26C2C755">
<td id="CEA2BBB7722C552C34B97C61C10FAAD6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">b</td>
<td id="2B2D1B3F84434B464950B66D5B76CB7C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.6</td>
<td id="240DC2BD48EE1BB5027E9C34CF3221B1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.3 ± 0.8 (6.9–8.2)</td>
<td id="43AAC08147931BB9328E4C8FBE7A728E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.1 ± 0.4 (8.8–9.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="094E0EC18463346310C30996CE3AAD51">
<td id="9101460A92F2268F3A18C1BAD384DFD6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">c</td>
<td id="23742FF440B3FB667F388018FA243088" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.6</td>
<td id="A373A3BB36A2E2AA4C9819325D3DAAB3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11.5 ± 0.8 (10.9–12.4)</td>
<td id="0D92743833507014DFFB34031AAD13DA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13.7 ± 0.0 (13.7–13.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FA50193F2B9F03E7B04D1EF84D607073">
<td id="A0BA223E0D04F6B5CC9F5D584C947C20" colspan="1" rowspan="1">c′</td>
<td id="35141155EEAA3BC06BDF337D8FE03B79" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.0</td>
<td id="94E6328C93C780F301A8712E69697CAE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.5 ± 0.2 (3.3–3.6)</td>
<td id="570038A7BB23B04B4860A899444F6FFC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.1 ± 0.4 (2.8–3.4)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVQAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="7BA1A3395E0A9249C45AD3CA156F07D7">
<heading id="0080F58F0E0DF757DEC6069633FE8671" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ACA5ADE0CC1EB6740BD44D98B4849998">
<emphasis id="4DA7E26937E59FA427207AE6E6885F8C" bold="true">Males.</emphasis>
Body cylindrical, tapering slightly towards posterior end. Cuticle with transverse rows of punctations, lateral differentiation consisting of slightly larger and more widely spaced punctations. Cuticle pore not observed. Somatic setae short, 3 µm long, sparsely distributed. Lip region slightly rounded. Six inner labial sensilla papillose; six outer labial sensilla setiform, 3–4 µm long, at same level as four papilliform cephalic sensilla (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="C1A82C9C3B9F2ED6764D74C3C1B18E53" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microscopic images of Halichoanolaimus sinensis sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity and excretory ampulla (arrow) B anterior end of male 2, showing amphidial fovea C anterior end of holotype, showing stomatorhabdions and anterior sensilla (arrow) D posterior part of holotype, showing supplements E cloacal region, showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements. Scale bars: 20 μm (A, B, C, E); 30 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105352">2 C</figureCitation>
). Amphideal fovea multispiral with 3 turns (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="2BC3540E949BD3B4EA7C1C9E9865AA92" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microscopic images of Halichoanolaimus sinensis sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity and excretory ampulla (arrow) B anterior end of male 2, showing amphidial fovea C anterior end of holotype, showing stomatorhabdions and anterior sensilla (arrow) D posterior part of holotype, showing supplements E cloacal region, showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements. Scale bars: 20 μm (A, B, C, E); 30 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105352">2 B</figureCitation>
), 25–27 % of corresponding body diameter in width, located at the level of the middle of buccal cavity, ca 20 µm from anterior end of body. Buccal cavity large, ca 45 µm deep, divided into anterior and posterior portions by two rows of 15–17 denticles. Anterior portion of buccal cavity cup-shaped, with three sets of three cuticularized rhabdions; posterior portion of buccal cavity narrower, cylindrical, surrounded by three Y-shaped pairs of cuticularized rhabdions with swollen bases, 20 µm long. Pharynx cylindrical, anterior end swelling, wrapped the buccal cavity, without posterior bulb. Pharyngeal lumen cuticularized. Nerve ring at ca 44 % of pharynx length from anterior end. Secretory-excretory system present. Renette cell small, situated at level of cardia; ampulla large, excretory pore situated slightly posterior to the nerve ring, ca 180 µm from the anterior end. Cardia small, surrounded by intestine.
</paragraph>
<caption id="292D89E42D8B0D2FB9369BAA005A396D" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure1" ID-arpha="1B31DED0-C5F6-548A-AB14-6A2969D9E0B6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105351" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="F77AD50EA1C3A34301EB25F8146B1DA2">
<label id="620E2DDCAE385EE4B022903993EB4355">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5928CC0E9104F7439A6E985028381728">
Drawings of 
<taxonomicName id="E01353BDBCB2BAF655A980A2AA790A73" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DC5C456FFD08DB0A8A8CD5EC5698F95" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="788676564BA87865A6FB1CA4DD608C11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="BD6F01A084117407503AEF460AAB11A0" bold="true">A</emphasis>
pharyngeal region of male 
<emphasis id="ECBE5F87356BE3BE5AC1FCC585D4D3A8" bold="true">B</emphasis>
posterior end of male 
<emphasis id="D3A21ACB5BE358903BD4D897C0CBCEB0" bold="true">C</emphasis>
entire body of female 
<emphasis id="E6B59877F695FEDC818A6A30CD54861A" bold="true">D</emphasis>
entire body of male 
<emphasis id="ECC2F3FE504F2DF20E67B902C718E2EC" bold="true">E</emphasis>
anterior end of male. Scale bars: 30 μm (
<emphasis id="40C0A483B20D763348B69AB2E90524C2" bold="true">A, B, E</emphasis>
); 100 μm (
<emphasis id="81AC48C7DE023871DD90A065DFB8DACE" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E41A4271BCDC0D95857B6908195EF07C" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure2" ID-arpha="24DEC1CE-2353-50EE-986E-66C457D5BC15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105352" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="385C7B1978A064C1F8FBE9A981C0D70E">
<label id="F77520D8B996026B13C9D4424ACA0022">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F09E264E6528A942721D559F8E8119CF">
Microscopic images of 
<taxonomicName id="55B000346FE32CADDEFD5E3A37E27F54" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2EFD864C1EA0E5DD3CC9E200BC5B9649" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B05CD67DB07CA2D3061B9FDBA336434C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="7D215735923498AC36FD1687EA423E74" bold="true">A</emphasis>
anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity and excretory ampulla (arrow) 
<emphasis id="A64611D0AE169372C04882E026725C24" bold="true">B</emphasis>
anterior end of male 2, showing amphidial fovea 
<emphasis id="4BF2A4B00D7C72D9718B43D1BA4FCE6E" bold="true">C</emphasis>
anterior end of holotype, showing stomatorhabdions and anterior sensilla (arrow) 
<emphasis id="06CF1D00BC55F6083C981F5CD5171EAF" bold="true">D</emphasis>
posterior part of holotype, showing supplements 
<emphasis id="E82A84AACDD8C0B5AD96718A72B271B1" bold="true">E</emphasis>
cloacal region, showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements. Scale bars: 20 μm (
<emphasis id="63ADC15D2850E61A19CA07501AE4B7C6" bold="true">A, B, C, E</emphasis>
); 30 μm (
<emphasis id="C01623CA3DF528399B092F19673777BA" bold="true">D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9210F4209B957E74B5030293D71EC59A">
Reproductive system diorchic with two opposed, outstretched testes. Anterior testis to the right or ventrally to intestine, posterior testis to the left side of intestine. Spicules paired, curved, middle portion broad, tapering distally, 1.4–1.5 cloacal body diameters long, interior of spicules granular in appearance. Gubernaculum slender, consisting of two detached lateral pieces tapering distally, adjoining the dorsal side of spicules. 10–13 papilliform precloacal supplements in two groups, the posterior three supplements smaller and closer to each other (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="4E9B98FC238E78F0E1495C0F07E6F8EA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microscopic images of Halichoanolaimus sinensis sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity and excretory ampulla (arrow) B anterior end of male 2, showing amphidial fovea C anterior end of holotype, showing stomatorhabdions and anterior sensilla (arrow) D posterior part of holotype, showing supplements E cloacal region, showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements. Scale bars: 20 μm (A, B, C, E); 30 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105352">2 E</figureCitation>
), located 7 µm from the cloaca; 5 µm from each other; remaining supplements larger and widely spaced, ca 25 µm from each other. Each supplement consisting of conical papilla and an internal duct. Tail conico-cylindrical with posterior cylindrical portion comprising about half of total tail length. Caudal setae absent. Three caudal glands located posterior to spicules, spinneret present, 7 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05F9685851512D551412E9AE8598BD73">
<emphasis id="7444AAE29BC70711B4C97A6831E4600A" bold="true">Females.</emphasis>
Similar to males, but with slightly larger body and slightly smaller amphideal fovea (20 % of corresponding body diameter in width and with 2.5 turns). Reproductive system didelphic, with two opposed, reflexed ovaries. Anterior ovary to the left of intestine and posterior ovary to the right of intestine. Vulva situated slightly pre-median. Intestine blind, anus not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2TAE" type="Differential diagnosis and discussion">
<paragraph id="95EBF300DA91601FA4327B87C2BF5170">
<heading id="01E049C77A8DF3DE0682481C28A3A20D" reason="title">Differential diagnosis and discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="212AA4D27C8278053613994C6E00D6E7">
<taxonomicName id="1A49B4AB5E5C80C602459CE08174FE83" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1D895828992E7FF3DE3F7224B739EE50" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7ACA31E99D9BCFABF5002A71B0E8C4E3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterized by amphideal fovea with 2.5–3.0 turns, 20–27 % of corresponding body diameter; spicules curved, middle portion broad, tapering distally, 1.4–1.5 cloacal body diameters long; gubernaculum slender consisting of two detached lateral pieces tapering distally; 10–13 papilliform precloacal supplements in two groups, the posterior three supplements smaller and closer to each other, remaining supplements larger and widely spaced; tail conico-cylindrical with half cylindrical portion. The new species is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="730BC77B84B2CB63A62FB18D01D697AD" authority="Belogurov &amp; Fadeeva, 1980" authorityName="Belogurov &amp; Fadeeva" authorityYear="1980" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sonorus">
<emphasis id="81344B1C6874D2963B6D6FCC2E7C42B3" italics="true">H. sonorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ADE02430BBDDC988E5C2C50AD996F4BB" author="Belogurov OI &amp; Fadeeva NP" issue="5" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pagination="656-665" refId="B4" refString="Belogurov OI, Fadeeva NP (1980) Notes on the Genus Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda, Choanolaimidae) with the Description of Two New Species. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 59 (5): 656 - 665." title="Notes on the Genus Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda, Choanolaimidae) with the Description of Two New Species." volume="59" year="1980">
Belogurov &amp; Fadeeva, 
<quantity id="E4DD6BF723C7F6A5A26E7DE899316473" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0291999999999994" unit="in" value="1980.0">1980 in</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
body shape and number of precloacal supplements, but differs from the latter species by numbers of amphid turns (2.5–3 vs 4–4.2), different shape and structure of spicules (spicules without capitulum, distal hook and central spacer vs with weak capitulum, distal hook and central spacer). The new species is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="B914CA084C40C8BFFF5E793179B4B1B0" authority="Gagarin &amp; Long, 2017" authorityName="Gagarin &amp; Long" authorityYear="2017" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
<emphasis id="7BA9BFD95CB8812B9DCEF45984BCC64C" italics="true">H. stagnalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="160155ECDD04C43C4CF05F9244EDF21B" DOI="10.33910/1999-4079-2017-9-3-131-142" author="Gagarin V &amp; Long P" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Amurian Zoological Journal" pagination="131-142" refId="B13" refString="Gagarin V, Long P (2017) Description of two new species of free-living nematodes: Halichoanolaimus stagnalis sp. nov. and Actinonema dolichurum sp. nov. from Artificial reservoirs in Vietnam. Amurian Zoological Journal 9 (3): 131 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 1999 - 4079 - 2017 - 9 - 3 - 131 - 142" title="Description of two new species of free-living nematodes: Halichoanolaimus stagnalis sp. nov. and Actinonema dolichurum sp. nov. from Artificial reservoirs in Vietnam." volume="9" year="2017">
Gagarin &amp; Long, 
<quantity id="89320E5ABF91BC3F08E5148BFDC9550E" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12318" unit="in" value="2017.0">2017 in</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
the number of the amphidial turns and tail, but can easily be distinguished from the latter by the different arrangement of precloacal supplements (3 posterior supplements smaller and closer vs 5–6 smaller and closer supplements
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>