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<mods:title id="C123D7BC9862BCBEDB5D469D46677A0E">Revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae (Stylommatophora, Achatinina) in Myanmar, with description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="378CC58001D37F20BE671DD846481C10">Sian Man, Nem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B68476CB28E2A344174A8ED538B71B5">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="676981401E78E339B035AC79E503FF23">Siriboon, Thanit</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ED01B062DEF208D542A33AF25C7F54A7">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="32AEF23B1A48EC6EBAB56419C38F41D5">Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B3314568E0912B708F48ECAE73AC1A0A">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="11A7CA3C540CB6E504733AA7D9013EDF">Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="04389142832BED64D3E85A2166AFCA34">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="785DF7C4D12455A39277FBDA37ECA0AF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196387980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:785DF7C4D12455A39277FBDA37ECA0AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/785DF7C4D12455A39277FBDA37ECA0AF" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" scope_family="Streptaxidae" scope_order="Stylommatophora" scope_subOrder="Achatinina">
<subSubSection id="2854BB43D95BCC9774467B52411C21F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1E00436A487F0DA7A2ADC8443CB19524" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="E33AD0E2EEACABD7EC5A70B2A77FC034" ID-CoL="9F26G" LSID="785DF7C4-D124-55A3-9277-FBDA37ECA0AF" authority="(Pfeiffer, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana mouhoti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mouhoti">Oophana mouhoti (Pfeiffer, 1863)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C9800AE0FB118C518B6342CF0AB800F" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="A5063A88C00AA932EA5C56708D209EF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<figureCitation id="6F289DFB056913F09646D3E9FAC86F9C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Approximate sampling locations used in this study. The location name and coordinates are listed in Table 1. Historical type localities of a broad scale, such as Tavoy, Burma, Moulmein, Mergui, and Tenasserim, are not indicated on this map." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710466" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1EE856DE1C33AF86027B3FFB583F9EA6" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Oophana mouhoti A possible syntype NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from Camboja and B specimen CUMZ 13005 from Phra (Buddha) Cave, Tanintharyi C, D Oophana obtusus C specimen NHMUK 1888.12.4.788 - 790 from Chauktalon, Moulmein with apertural dentition and D specimen NHMUK 1871.9.23.64 from Moulmein E Oophana laevis, possible syntype NHMUK 1899.7.4.11 from Burma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710472" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">, 7A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3A034AF5CEDB7CA3AF398252EA575EFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D477123596D82F334F7F9B0294909AAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="CC4DBFF6C038AA7D7A5DEBF0E73E5725" authorityName="L.Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Streptaxis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streptaxis mouhoti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mouhoti">Streptaxis mouhoti</taxonomicName>
Pfeiffer, 1863 [1862]: 273. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
<bibRefCitation id="BEEDDE2FA1490CCF2A72ADA61EE3E64B" author="Martens, E von" journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koeniglichen Preussischen Akademien der Wissenschaften zu Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B40" refString="Martens, E von, 1867. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Verlag der Koeniglichen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, 477." title="Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Verlag der Koeniglichen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, 477." year="1867">Martens 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 84, pl. 22, fig. 22.
<bibRefCitation id="333CAD47015217858C5A9AD1122265DE" author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B63" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1868. Monographia Heliceorum Viventium (Volume 5). Backhaus FA, Lipsiae, 565." title="Monographia Heliceorum Viventium (Volume 5). Backhaus FA, Lipsiae, 565." year="1868">Pfeiffer 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 446.
<bibRefCitation id="FD359AA3092D7673A7AA33AFB18A9AF5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11957" author="Nevill, G" journalOrPublisher="Indian Museum, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B48" refString="Nevill, G, 1878. Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part I. Gastropoda. Pulmonata and Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia. Indian Museum, Calcutta, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11957" title="Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part I. Gastropoda. Pulmonata and Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11957" year="1878">Nevill 1878</bibRefCitation>
: 4.
<bibRefCitation id="F139B89F886D3C7C3B49906969791304" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6534" author="Tryon Jr, GW" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B90" refString="Tryon Jr, GW, 1885. Manual of Conchology, Structure and Systematic, with Illustrations of the Species. Volume 1. The Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 364 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6534" title="Manual of Conchology, Structure and Systematic, with Illustrations of the Species. Volume 1. The Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 364 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6534" year="1885">Tryon 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 80, pl. 15, fig. 46.
<bibRefCitation id="AA2DF3A0B0DC0D7206455FC2CA65EA02" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12884" author="Bourguignat, JR" journalOrPublisher="Dumoulin et Cie, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B12" refString="Bourguignat, JR, 1889. Mollusques de Ľafrique Equatoriale de Moguedouchou a Bagamoyo et de Bagamoyo au Tanganika. Imprimerie D. Dumoulin et Cie, Paris, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12884" title="Mollusques de Ľafrique Equatoriale de Moguedouchou a Bagamoyo et de Bagamoyo au Tanganika. Imprimerie D." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12884" year="1889">Bourguignat 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 133.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BE96FDD4E31FD60604A872D33CFF65A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="6980E856F3EBB0947872679E9301791C" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1864" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Streptaxis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streptaxis johswichi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="johswichi">Streptaxis johswichi</taxonomicName>
Martens, 1864: 528. Type locality: Siam, bei Petchaburi [Petchaburi Province, Thailand].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="813FA2721D4D0EEDC95DFBF1C9715694" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="1DCB1A4FFE7CD9617CE17A3533D6BEB7" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Streptaxis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streptaxis mouhoti subsp. var. var. johswichi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="mouhoti" subSpecies="var." variety="johswichi">Streptaxis mouhoti var. johswichi</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="F3374352D3556871289314AAB9F1B38E" author="Martens, E" journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koeniglichen Preussischen Akademien der Wissenschaften zu Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="523 - 529" refId="B39" refString="Martens, E, 1864. Diagnosen neuer Heliceen aus dem ostasiatischen Archipel. Monatsberichte der Koeniglichen Preussischen Akademien der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1864: 523 - 529" title="Diagnosen neuer Heliceen aus dem ostasiatischen Archipel." volume="1864" year="1864">Martens 1864</bibRefCitation>
: 528.
<bibRefCitation id="85D175AF7D6D7DFF5A11B34A011A3697" author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B63" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1868. Monographia Heliceorum Viventium (Volume 5). Backhaus FA, Lipsiae, 565." title="Monographia Heliceorum Viventium (Volume 5). Backhaus FA, Lipsiae, 565." year="1868">Pfeiffer 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 446.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93003846C87E344796A47F4F9F8F73F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="DE50B79A7CFA48111168E3A28A6061EF" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gonaxis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonaxis mouhoti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mouhoti">Gonaxis mouhoti</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="4572E0FE0519B77B615929D6793E7AC0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12884" author="Bourguignat, JR" journalOrPublisher="Dumoulin et Cie, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B12" refString="Bourguignat, JR, 1889. Mollusques de Ľafrique Equatoriale de Moguedouchou a Bagamoyo et de Bagamoyo au Tanganika. Imprimerie D. Dumoulin et Cie, Paris, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12884" title="Mollusques de Ľafrique Equatoriale de Moguedouchou a Bagamoyo et de Bagamoyo au Tanganika. Imprimerie D." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12884" year="1889">Bourguignat 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 133.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C34825BB2A6AB8EEBD5F3BA3B016B964" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="D19B4EEB157E19309780BE5C3D993127" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Odontartemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontartemon (Oophana) mouhoti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mouhoti" subGenus="Oophana">Odontartemon (Oophana) mouhoti</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="9A2167DB6B1A1ADEEA794D5E91B1DE31" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Society for Bibliography of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B37" refString="Kobelt, W, 1905. Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Zweite Abtheilung: Streptaxidae und Daudebardiidae. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1(12b) (2): 1-211 pls42-71 [pp. 1-96 pls 42-59 (1905) ; 97-211, pls 60-71 (1906)]." title="Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Zweite Abtheilung: Streptaxidae und Daudebardiidae. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1 (12 b) (2): 1 - 211 pls 42 - 71 [pp. 1 - 96 pls 42 - 59 (1905); 97 - 211, pls 60 - 71 (1906)]." year="1905">Kobelt 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 104, 105, pl. 55, fig. 23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0803BD53E756E05CF4FDD61923F08E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="F8AC5D407D0E87E6D3195B675C188246" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana mouhoti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mouhoti">Oophana mouhoti</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="C200E99786C75F721F65AB9E940A507F" author="Richardson, L" journalOrPublisher="Tryonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 326" refId="B70" refString="Richardson, L, 1988. Streptaxacea: Catalog of species, Part I, Streptaxidae. Tryonia 16: 1 - 326" title="Streptaxacea: Catalog of species, Part I, Streptaxidae." volume="16" year="1988">Richardson 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 235, 236.
<bibRefCitation id="90466DE7EDC543AB93CE98D212A72DE2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2020.1783384" author="Siriboon, T" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="720 - 738" refId="B78" refString="Siriboon, T, Naggs, F, Wade, CM, Jeratthitikul, E, Tongkerd, P, Jirapatrasilp, P, Panha, S, Sutcharit, C, 2020. Phylogenetic relationships of the carnivorous terrestrial snail family Streptaxidae (Stylommatophora: Achatinina) in Thailand and surrounding areas of Southeast Asia. Systematics and Biodiversity 18 (7): 720 - 738, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2020.1783384" title="Phylogenetic relationships of the carnivorous terrestrial snail family Streptaxidae (Stylommatophora: Achatinina) in Thailand and surrounding areas of Southeast Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2020.1783384" volume="18" year="2020">Siriboon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
: 5, 14, 15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6B1FB446376ADE19E2818812C9D7F37" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D54DC7EAF5411847CBCC169C190C5C34" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49C98B250F8853E61949744D6BCBA265" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="FFDF072371A5DC0A55F24AC0BEBF7CD4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Possible
<materialsCitation id="C8A4E093C461B3C488770B713719648B" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Cambodia" county="Cuming" latitude="11.23375" location="Phra (Buddha) Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.17855" municipality="Cuming" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tanintharyi Region" typeStatus="syntype">
<typeStatus id="4761FEC5ECAFEB6141BFC3428423DDFA">syntype</typeStatus>
NHMUK ex.
<collectingCounty id="1002EB1426743F89398B5F8B13916284">Cuming</collectingCounty>
collection (3 shells; Fig.
<figureCitation id="942730E8248D675CDCBA6CDBA4DC561D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Oophana mouhoti A possible syntype NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from Camboja and B specimen CUMZ 13005 from Phra (Buddha) Cave, Tanintharyi C, D Oophana obtusus C specimen NHMUK 1888.12.4.788 - 790 from Chauktalon, Moulmein with apertural dentition and D specimen NHMUK 1871.9.23.64 from Moulmein E Oophana laevis, possible syntype NHMUK 1899.7.4.11 from Burma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710472" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">7A</figureCitation>
) from Camboja [
<collectingCountry id="CD4B763250018047B63A378F826351AE" name="Cambodia">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
]. NHMUK ex.
<collectingMunicipality id="586E5CB24B28DC00137ECDAD20CF8179">Cuming</collectingMunicipality>
collection (2 shells) from Siam.
<location id="4CD2DE05AAF818D86B3A63046FD3D71A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:785DF7C4D12455A39277FBDA37ECA0AF:4CD2DE05AAF818D86B3A63046FD3D71A" country="Cambodia" county="Cuming" latitude="11.23375" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.17855" municipality="Cuming" name="Phra (Buddha) Cave" stateProvince="Tanintharyi Region">Phra (Buddha) Cave</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="7637D02B8A69377F8ED49521FEB21F7C" country="Myanmar" name="Taninthayi">Tanintharyi Region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="861F776A9EE48775D4D64955D7FA9856" name="Myanmar">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="8F1A38EE0C06EAA4800909EECDB33A17" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="01.5" value="11.23375">11°14'01.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F43746369CAE4C92D9C1D435E4BF592E" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="42.8" value="99.17855">99°10'42.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
): CUMZ 13005 (1 shell; Fig.
<figureCitation id="1F7279DF419AA414379660BB5F234AC1" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Oophana mouhoti A possible syntype NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from Camboja and B specimen CUMZ 13005 from Phra (Buddha) Cave, Tanintharyi C, D Oophana obtusus C specimen NHMUK 1888.12.4.788 - 790 from Chauktalon, Moulmein with apertural dentition and D specimen NHMUK 1871.9.23.64 from Moulmein E Oophana laevis, possible syntype NHMUK 1899.7.4.11 from Burma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710472" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">7B</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BB370ED07D65FE6BDC688B4EB944E4A0" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710472" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="9B88C02EC6841269CA54CADE74FF4577" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="FA4E91352C3E47FB92B462DCB324FEBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A245EEC6F52F3960E160FA221D290654" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A911D384A85A6B98703CAA776346D874" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana mouhoti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mouhoti">
<emphasis id="C678FE3A8ABCDE35420E13EE9DFD9F98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Oophana mouhoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EAC7964F5D5A380526370C7507802611" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
possible
<typeStatus id="8CE0C3257C7EC607613769B1D2686D7C">syntype</typeStatus>
NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from
<collectingCountry id="7C722B5A135430124B00DDDB0E5D69B4" name="Cambodia">Camboja</collectingCountry>
and
<emphasis id="37D73725061A22EE49A3A2A970A527A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
specimen CUMZ 13005 from Phra (Buddha) Cave,
<collectingRegion id="5C5B414BC0CA1330213CF5D6F8B95AFF" country="Myanmar" name="Taninthayi">Tanintharyi</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="CA1D3FA39FEF3432B93A600FA92A532B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="68F243A16FF81BE642B93FE25880F8CC" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana obtusus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="23C647F98BF3B596DE349150A48452DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Oophana obtusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6BC91529F6F93035E4E4029C2D2D89CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
specimen NHMUK 1888.12.4.788-790 from Chauktalon, Moulmein with apertural dentition and
<emphasis id="8542DDFBBFB1ABDC6FFACF9EAB131CB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
specimen NHMUK 1871.9.23.64 from Moulmein
<emphasis id="3801479E9B9E2195C95178D85167927B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BD399D7D7E727BCF62CD84D4697FC7E7" baseAuthorityName="Blanford" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana laevis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="37ACFF14746531C3C90E793F1BF4E5AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Oophana laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, possible
<typeStatus id="60089F1C2DDFF771F85C72DC72F3D5F9">syntype</typeStatus>
NHMUK 1899.7.4.11 from
<collectingCountry id="5CFA2E0EB4532B1C791601B62EE4ECE6" name="Myanmar">Burma</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDEF7962B441EBC10B6B63A21B770DF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E8B156CC8E14237E3A3C5F7835A4AD3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C06668FFC5614253F5848E7B608FDCB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="9814FA763C1AE674F12FD167550CFE37" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana mouhoti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mouhoti">
<emphasis id="51A87654D613D18C860E663BE7EE58C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Oophana mouhoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="613466E00AC88A56A93AB82F78C31DDB" lsidName="O. obtusus" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="7E7D6FBE99735F8AD7A2FD9D933CBA8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">O. obtusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Stoliczka, 1871) by its higher spire, expanded aperture lip, deflected last whorl, and slightly angulate penultimate whorl. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="C759AA40DC7821D4C7A4A05C47AF180C" lsidName="O. obtusus" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="AC1E8BFF9BC67A9E4B7456A6E10ABDB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">O. obtusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a narrow aperture, spire convex, periphery of penultimate whorl usually equal to last whorl, strong columellar lamella, and small tubercle near the posterior angle of aperture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62C89FE0226C5899CFE20EAC87C8C7A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="88823D1B047B43B3D0D96E8BF8D242C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4BE03A0909F6F801518FAB7A7D5ABDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Shell oblique-ovate, white, and translucent; whorls
<normalizedToken id="4AAF743CE6B9CD127C5B9A0E8CA9016F" originalValue="6½">61/2</normalizedToken>
; spire elevated conical with distinct suture. Shell surface glossy with fine transverse ridges that diminish below the periphery; following whorls regularly coiled. Shell periphery rounded and last whorl axially deflected. Aperture subcircular; peristome expanded, thickened, discontinuous, and reflected. Apertural dentition with one strong parietal, one small upper palatal, one small palatal, and one basal lamella. Umbilicus open and deep (Fig.
<figureCitation id="06C76B2CF84A9C5853A3EA631B92A456" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Oophana mouhoti A possible syntype NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from Camboja and B specimen CUMZ 13005 from Phra (Buddha) Cave, Tanintharyi C, D Oophana obtusus C specimen NHMUK 1888.12.4.788 - 790 from Chauktalon, Moulmein with apertural dentition and D specimen NHMUK 1871.9.23.64 from Moulmein E Oophana laevis, possible syntype NHMUK 1899.7.4.11 from Burma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710472" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">7A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2853873A236D4A7CF26160A3F0379D56" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="18A29FB5981ABA7EFDC07211FF1252E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08D23FDB8FD969CE1BE0CE95FC74882E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
This species has been recorded from several localities in Peninsular Thailand (
<bibRefCitation id="1A98F06F32D3D725EEA73BFDB30CA12A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2020.1783384" author="Siriboon, T" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="720 - 738" refId="B78" refString="Siriboon, T, Naggs, F, Wade, CM, Jeratthitikul, E, Tongkerd, P, Jirapatrasilp, P, Panha, S, Sutcharit, C, 2020. Phylogenetic relationships of the carnivorous terrestrial snail family Streptaxidae (Stylommatophora: Achatinina) in Thailand and surrounding areas of Southeast Asia. Systematics and Biodiversity 18 (7): 720 - 738, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2020.1783384" title="Phylogenetic relationships of the carnivorous terrestrial snail family Streptaxidae (Stylommatophora: Achatinina) in Thailand and surrounding areas of Southeast Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2020.1783384" volume="18" year="2020">Siriboon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
) along the southeastern part of the Tenasserim Range. However, only one specimen was collected in Myanmar from the Tanintharyi Region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B8F89B97210F65A5A2632B5AF819352B" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="70A949F06A6568EFB8D93870B028DD26" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="343481C9D5F1BF7F7ADC4F9CC0624FBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">The only shell was collected from the limestone hills at Buddha Cave, Tanintharyi Region; it matches well with this species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B60A128FE214E415DCE78BF8947D5459" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="867E901F590AAB585460A5D74C99243A" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana mouhoti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mouhoti">
<emphasis id="C9137FC2366509F90D359CB2F5E035C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Oophana mouhoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described based on specimens in the collection of H. Cuming with the very brief collection locality given as Siam. The NHM, London holds a lot of three specimens in the Cuming collection collected by H. Mouhot but has Camboja as the collection locality. This specimen lot does not have
<normalizedToken id="904E1DD2D8F83251677D4C871D1DA188" originalValue="Pfeiffer">Pfeiffer'</normalizedToken>
handwriting on the label; therefore, they are considered possible syntypes. However,
<normalizedToken id="6458530CA42E32707CC1474EC0CB67FE" originalValue="Mouhots">Mouhot's</normalizedToken>
recorded localities were generally imprecise. No additional specimens for this species are available, nor are records or literature references from Cambodia, other than peninsular Thailand (
<bibRefCitation id="CFE3C068D4E4C50C12E101DA7D65A1B8" author="Sutcharit, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B83" refString="Sutcharit, C, Lin, A, Panha, S, 2020. Two new species of the carnivorous snail genus Discartemon from Thailand and Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Streptaxidae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Supplement No. 35): 149-155." title="Two new species of the carnivorous snail genus Discartemon from Thailand and Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Streptaxidae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Supplement No. 35): 149 - 155." year="2020">Sutcharit et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). A similar situation of imprecise type locality records with Mouhot-collected specimens have been clarified in the case of helicarionid species (see
<bibRefCitation id="EE05FCE66A21B60F7972D296E89FB3CA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2020.1723041" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="183 - 204" refId="B66" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Tongkerd, P, Lin, A, Panha, S, 2020. Taxonomic revision of the land snail genera Macrochlamys Gray, 1847 and Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from south-eastern Myanmar, with descriptions of three new species. Molluscan Research 40 (2): 183 - 204, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2020.1723041" title="Taxonomic revision of the land snail genera Macrochlamys Gray, 1847 and Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from south-eastern Myanmar, with descriptions of three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2020.1723041" volume="40" year="2020">Pholyotha et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The recent works on land snails from Thailand confirmed that the specimens from the limestone hills along peninsular Thailand identified as
<taxonomicName id="CE8414409CD931510BCDD0D382962111" lsidName="O. mouhoti" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="mouhoti">
<emphasis id="D01A1E36904AF54B56037730144D18AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">O. mouhoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
match well with the possible syntype. Therefore, peninsular Thailand (Petchaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan provinces) are possibly the collecting locality for this species. Furthermore, H. Mouhot visited Petchaburi Province once from May to August in 1860 [see travel routes map in
<bibRefCitation id="919889A8273E898E9B3C6DB831D5C049" author="Mouhot, H" journalOrPublisher="John Murray, Albemarle Street, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B45" refString="Mouhot, H, 1864a. Travels in the central parts of Indochina (Siam), Cambodia, and Laos, during the Years 1858, 1859, and 1860. Volume 1. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London" title="Travels in the central parts of Indochina (Siam), Cambodia, and Laos, during the Years 1858, 1859, and 1860. Volume 1." year="1864 a">Mouhot (1864a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="BE124A60C1026D3B32F4C3706BCA7738" author="Mouhot, H" journalOrPublisher="John Murray, Albemarle Street, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B46" refString="Mouhot, H, 1864b. Travels in the central parts of Indochina (Siam), Cambodia, and Laos, during the Years 1858, 1859, and 1860. Volume 2. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London" title="Travels in the central parts of Indochina (Siam), Cambodia, and Laos, during the Years 1858, 1859, and 1860. Volume 2." year="1864 b">b</bibRefCitation>
)]. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="FCB3D26D40194F4260C963EF2FA38525" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1864" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Streptaxis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streptaxis johswichi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="johswichi">
<emphasis id="6C9CB1D96B7C782CD8F55D328F2FD3EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Streptaxis johswichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martens, 1864 was described based on specimens collected from Petchaburi Province, Thailand. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="5E4958C84E83824E511CE24DEC5FEB78" author="Martens, E von" journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koeniglichen Preussischen Akademien der Wissenschaften zu Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B40" refString="Martens, E von, 1867. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Verlag der Koeniglichen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, 477." title="Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Verlag der Koeniglichen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, 477." year="1867">Martens (1867)</bibRefCitation>
examined the
<taxonomicName id="27EB692D9A6CDC40C3F837337167B78F" lsidName="O. mouhoti" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="mouhoti">
<emphasis id="C8A4EEA755B0A6302DD18D2AA438F47E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">O. mouhoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens in the Cuming collection and agreed that they belonged to the same species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>