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<mods:title id="C943D5B3CCF1AF08CEECD9038F06D7AB">Two novel species of Neoaquastroma (Parabambusicolaceae, Pleosporales) with their phoma-like asexual morphs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E7C321295CA7AE129E5904481ED6C87A">Phukhamsakda, Chayanard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45EF104801EBE37D6DFCBCCABD3A9A09">Bhat, Darbhe J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E28F9845CA4F3EA33C5E9102A6BFA83D">Hongsanan, Sinang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6805883FE05C9E8937D48B5B4F3325C0">Xu, Jian-Chu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="61488046B6D988FC10994FE0BF0FEAC2">Stadler, Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CFD03565FD0E76A3BBD656E249D328AB">Hyde, Kevin D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="77BF183D17A27DC99FA6CDDAB358FEC6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144088081" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77BF183D17A27DC99FA6CDDAB358FEC6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77BF183D17A27DC99FA6CDDAB358FEC6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" scope_family="Parabambusicolaceae" scope_order="Pleosporales">
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<paragraph id="949156E207D1E9063C35AB63E24F8560" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="24B71EE61CF9B5D9FDF9F7E32707D719" ID-CoL="6S6JS" LSID="824674" authority="C. Phukhams. &amp; K. D. Hyde" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Parabambusicolaceae" genus="Neoaquastroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neoaquastroma krabiense" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="krabiense">Neoaquastroma krabiense C. Phukhams. &amp; K.D. Hyde</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56760E37A3820AB33630039906F50F0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 3
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DBF1F470D7AA010638D5399FF84E81CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D998838A38F299925CAC694D45DB89B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B5CC0B5B16863621411FB426414E191" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Name refers the location where this fungus was collected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FCD4AB74DF2AE35D16A5DEE8D31EE47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="type material">
<paragraph id="D9331D065D70A950ABE4EA1A0C0C6409" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B82B920ADD9D0FA8EA30471E494D41B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
THAILAND, Krabi Province: Meuang district, on dead twigs of
<taxonomicName id="28C9B57D2EC48280FC4B7FB8B3D462E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Barringtonia acutangula" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutangula">Barringtonia acutangula</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="E77639E04F5A56001A06B8BE8578C1EA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Massarineae" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lecythidaceae</taxonomicName>
), 16 December 2015, C. Phukhamsakda, Kr015, MFLU 17-0003 (holotype), MFLUCC 16-0419 = ICMP 21572 (ex-type living culture).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FEA5ABD253586D78B2CF2F8388EEA452" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="5744C577734793736792BDC9D24270BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E463B94C2BFBB3AAC7787C873E99B203" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
Saprobic on dead twigs of
<taxonomicName id="FE672EA35BE9A77D502776951FBD3C6E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Barringtonia acutangula" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutangula">Barringtonia acutangula</taxonomicName>
(L.) Gaertn. Sexual morph. Ascomata 404-498
<normalizedToken id="07D2879AE8BF3CFFA1C205F51CCFDC6F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
high
<normalizedToken id="A3F03641729B8067F6AB733F5038547B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
290-319
<normalizedToken id="B6892646A692F98EC04F52B4D6E9D874" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
diam. (x̄ = 426
<normalizedToken id="E8C05B0A8BC8B76909205FD89A0D38A8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
300
<normalizedToken id="0911C884C13951727780DF107F3EF311" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, n = 10), immersed in bark, solitary, scattered or sometimes gregarious, compressed globose, with a flattened base, coriaceous, black to dark brown, smooth, papillate, ostiolate. Ostiole 137-146
<normalizedToken id="2A14D4060534D0FD196068384612D5C9" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
high
<normalizedToken id="11BA1B393940405B19738991B921714F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
117-154
<normalizedToken id="825B75929B95AD4EE29B997C28F8ADDC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
diam. (x̄ = 143
<normalizedToken id="1408014C30E0954D9D7CB17A5A3065C6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
137
<normalizedToken id="13C225ECC9DC0B467251AE56F89C6901" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, n = 10), centrally located, oblong, filled with hyaline periphysoid. Peridium 45-73
<normalizedToken id="8FBB07416D30908C29CE69F651F4F9AD" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide (x̄ = 56, n = 30), cell width 3-12 (x̄ = 8
<normalizedToken id="AC3CF8893CB61EDFEFFC9687CA3DA3A7" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, n = 40) composed of 6
<normalizedToken id="BDC90836F8C688703E0086F976A87655" originalValue="10(">-10(-</normalizedToken>
13 at base) layers of blackish-brown to dark brown, with cells of textura angularis, outer layer heavily pigmented, inner layer composed of hyaline gelatinous cells. Hamathecium composed of numerous, dense, long, 1.6-2.4
<normalizedToken id="601E1B1CA89EE3FA4A3B96C8B8222CF1" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(x̄ = 2
<normalizedToken id="63329855F991015BD1A3D7E6DD363AB5" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, n = 50), broad, filiform, transversely septate, branched, anastomosing, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci 95-169
<normalizedToken id="356A749078877951A49B8ECF5A7582C5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
29-45
<normalizedToken id="69933AB15318A4B31FA245DFA8671166" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(x̄ = 135
<normalizedToken id="0BA1CBB585114DEEB0D04DC3CD9A9414" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
35
<normalizedToken id="7725B504882BEDD9927BB612DA4B6398" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, n = 25), 8-spored, bitunicate, fisitunicate, oboviod to clavate, with furcate pedicel, ocular chamber clearly visible when immature. Ascospores 50-64
<normalizedToken id="B7702D5E491F92E051BFA1C334A14902" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9-18
<normalizedToken id="02090BE1AB5B2E8AAF99C9B2BF01E711" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(x̄ = 57
<normalizedToken id="43BB38AE4630EF512CCC4CE86C43F50E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
13
<normalizedToken id="6A40FEBB8AE15A20356F8B0726E7F51A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, n = 50), bi-seriate or overlapping, fusiform, narrow towards the apex, hyaline, 5-8-transversely septate, constricted at the septa, cell above central septum slightly wider, rough-walled, indentations present when mature, granulate when stained with India ink, surrounded by 3-9
<normalizedToken id="E5E793A81DD26C4D47AB3A5609E15B5D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph coelomycetous, formed on rice straw agar. Conidiomata 8490
<normalizedToken id="631EE604B94439311410AF8A0AA90FCB" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
high
<normalizedToken id="EE1025DBD38C2796B61DC22D5D132B14" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
73-89
<normalizedToken id="D5A2125E49C993F6FAF1AFBB2D0CDB6B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide., pycnidial, uniloculate, confluent or scattered, superficial, covered with dense vegetative hyphae, globose, dark brown to black. Conidiomatal wall thin, brown to black-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 35
<normalizedToken id="25086B94E9130B95192F3BCEDC09ADF9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.54
<normalizedToken id="04E65AF0FAE058B62BF4A99C9F8DF7C2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, enteroblastic, phialidic, integrated, broad-cylindrical to oblong, hyaline, formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 2-4
<normalizedToken id="77B28AE949C82CE7F565FCBFBFA57AFE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5
<normalizedToken id="815E897B53244BBD2A25B4E49EFDAE2A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(x̄ = 3
<normalizedToken id="D629B7403679C30F605F9BDAF06DB112" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2
<normalizedToken id="71AFB4F4AF5CC1F254EB1E23882C0019" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), ellipsoidal to oblong, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50A30D8B56197857AEDE195B367BDC50" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="9878A382E9A7F2328D5614827C5A363F" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Culture characteristics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5757A54E7274FEC7536C0DD5037022E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Colonies on MEA, reaching 50 mm diam. after four weeks at 25 °C. Culture grey, becoming dark-olive brown after four weeks, of dense mycelia, colonies circular, flat, umbonate, raised from the agar in the centre, surface rough, dull, covered with aerial mycelium, white mycelium radiating into the agar, pale orange pigment diffusing in the agar; reverse black, dense, circular, with irregular, fimbriate margin. Sexual and asexual morphs formed in culture. Morphology of sexual phase similar to those on the substrates.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7959F7191E09453BA913FE1BF6FEE1B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F0E6BB1A9757089CF3DD6EE556BB820C" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5416AE406EA2F0B008FEA1ACDB7F6B9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
THAILAND, Krabi Province, Meuang district, on dead twigs of
<taxonomicName id="D59735F9912FF230A752E888A0370EC7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Barringtonia acutangula" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutangula">Barringtonia acutangula</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="A8C5438342F1005E462C3D0D51776E61" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Massarineae" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lecythidaceae</taxonomicName>
), 16 December 2015, C. Phukhamsakda, Kr015, (isotype in HKAS, under the code of HKAS 99512).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FA3C35B966BCD1EC2B10AF1564F60C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="44DD49D09667902B0F32A0163B5250DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D71B9BBD9CC48919874A1CF7E36C5EE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Krabi Province, Thailand</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DDCC57F31427D243C16C1AFF5CE07CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="notes">
<paragraph id="9080104CB036720FE8524C590926EBF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A14C62679EE6A749698E892E1634C53F" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="B7014B6E02A2596E245F6F4F01A99032" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Parabambusicolaceae" genus="Neoaquastroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neoaquastroma krabiense" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="krabiense">Neoaquastroma krabiense</taxonomicName>
was collected in the southern part of Thailand on dead twigs of
<taxonomicName id="3FB693AD5863A226F60D265C5B05B42B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Barringtonia acutangula" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutangula">Barringtonia acutangula</taxonomicName>
. It is placed in
<taxonomicName id="C48B0E30F4FB34A80F525E56B5EF5407" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Parabambusicolaceae" genus="Neoaquastroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neoaquastroma" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Neoaquastroma</taxonomicName>
based on its morphology of both sexual and asexual morph and close phylogenetic affinity to other species of
<taxonomicName id="755520FE0BD4F618040FFA57594798A0" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Parabambusicolaceae" genus="Neoaquastroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neoaquastroma" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Neoaquastroma</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="BDF05FEC28747AC4623ED2A129091481" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Parabambusicolaceae" genus="Neoaquastroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neoaquastroma krabiense" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="krabiense">Neoaquastroma krabiense</taxonomicName>
is distinct in that it has a flattened ascomata base and larger and more slender asci and ascospores than
<taxonomicName id="A4539DEE1A85E7171436BD4A911F6A4E" lsidName="N. guttulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="guttulatum">N. guttulatum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D32CF2D78F26C234E321AE991EAD383B" lsidName="N. bauhiniae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="bauhiniae">N. bauhiniae</taxonomicName>
. The species formed an asexual morph in culture (Fig. 3, m) as pycnidial conidiomata with hyaline conidia (Fig. 3, x-ae).
</paragraph>
<caption id="311AAD4C2C98234F7881A11F8F64904A" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph id="67B3C2D6CCB7D6B57E3998AE219DE47C" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName id="6ACD2D73F47423B359EDDC1EA2302EEF" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Parabambusicolaceae" genus="Neoaquastroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neoaquastroma krabiense" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="krabiense">Neoaquastroma krabiense</taxonomicName>
(MFLU 17-0003, holotype) a
<taxonomicName id="C537C07C52BC24C1A93DE5EE5A3C5B35" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Barringtonia acutangula" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutangula">Barringtonia acutangula</taxonomicName>
(L.) Gaertn specimens b Appearance of ascomata on host surface c Close up of ascomata d Ascomata forming on rice straw on WA after 8 weeks e, f Section of ascoma g Ostiolar canal h Section of partial peridium layer i Hyaline pseudoparaphyses
<normalizedToken id="2EF5BA10B13151A4D5731869691D47DC" originalValue="jm">j-m</normalizedToken>
Asci
<normalizedToken id="9AD2C704A5A9142ACA772F69C20B5605" originalValue="ns">n-s</normalizedToken>
Hyaline ascospores with visible mucilaginous sheath q Ascospores stained in Indian ink to show sheath u Germinated ascospore v, w Culture characteristics on MEAx, y Conidiomata forming in culture after 8 weeks z Conidiomatal wall
<normalizedToken id="3C6E485A9587BF5B5BE5110652B0DF72" originalValue="aaad">aa-ad</normalizedToken>
Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia ae Conidia
<normalizedToken id="384501F8502BBE56BCC25DFE64035537" originalValue="np">n-p</normalizedToken>
Ascospores in 5% of KOH reagent m, r Asci and ascospore in culture (on rice straw). Scale bars: 500
<normalizedToken id="F6AA9388CAE25A5D66CEAD46ACC7498E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="B6D1270430F80C11CF315A05BB6125A4" originalValue="ce">c-e</normalizedToken>
); 200
<normalizedToken id="375E1A655D8DD613DD2C0D39BDF0314A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(f, x); 50
<normalizedToken id="DD75B57CB831CA07ABC733FDC1A92D90" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="03523CE3AD4319035F91D371C278033D" originalValue="gm">g-m</normalizedToken>
, y), 20
<normalizedToken id="575EF31F3B13505619566B4723E74631" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="74D2D8DC4CC6A3BA4EDDD7FB6C3F8EA5" originalValue="nu">n-u</normalizedToken>
, z); 5
<normalizedToken id="1ED53D53DC0565EC12B265A35B00E953" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(aa-af); 20 mm (
<normalizedToken id="C7216FD3126A10A413E6846CB386DF82" originalValue="vw">v-w</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>