228 lines
35 KiB
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228 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E9B44FAA2FCA248193FCBAEE27A50003">Taxonomic revision of Afrotropical Laccophilus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B82B24F44C9C9CF19FB49E4B96960DE5">Bistroem, Olof</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16167F4CC33A4839BCB2A3824C536087">Nilsson, Anders N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BDED165D665BD765272A16F7615AC0B9">Bergsten, Johannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="78A5582BD4A634C19B4D512762502A92">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="049DDAA07271EB9F93D118AAAE8554E7">542</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A1EBB42225A78CD31459FF5B6C79E45C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7B95D20DC8F5088879F0743084C4AD99" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.542.5975</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="778F01DA21F927D47D9E4AF111033C29" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127862692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:778F01DA21F927D47D9E4AF111033C29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/778F01DA21F927D47D9E4AF111033C29" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="D9768DEEBA7CB41A71554E24D73A8CC3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="7C8A39C94A301E00028F1CED693A5CC2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Dytiscidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="162CA06AA719BE13153FED1A78F0CDB5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D33B4AD882E93E9C99837A1530D01683" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="C466F8E8AA3ECF889A5CE8BAA7BC9A57" ID-CoL="59RR" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccophilus Leach, 1815</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AF33CBE2BFFE9E056A75A4EC180C564" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="1F77D54F32965E5E925615E6787F2C95" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type species</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B5B8C81C1873B7A22B6CAD17F5733E4C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(by monotypy).
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<taxonomicName id="6009E2E3BEE9B33814B36F27AA6E15DC" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Dytiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dytiscus minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Dytiscus minutus</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FECE3C4A377A353BAEDA3D51B536E2F0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="5C4E29B83DADF2868869847E101D6192" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccophilus</taxonomicName>
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Leach, 1815: 84 (673 alternative page number) (original description);
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<bibRefCitation id="79C218349F0871E97A48846BFCD1C01D" author="Aube, C" editor="Dejean, PFMA" journalOrPublisher="Mequignon Pere et fils, Paris" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" title="Species general des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean" year="1838">
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<normalizedToken id="5E050358EBE0D00FE676769B7543B135" originalValue="Aubé">Aube</normalizedToken>
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1838
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 415 (description, global distribution);
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<bibRefCitation id="C6891259ADB97C4B7B6B6AA3B895CDA0" author="Sharp, D" journalOrPublisher="The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society" pageId="263" pageNumber="264" pagination="179 - 1003" title="On aquatic carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscidae." volume="2" year="1882">Sharp 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 286, 287 (description, faunistics, species list, faunistics, discussion, species group delimitation);
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<bibRefCitation id="226E05C1577812C47F5F28311FBD2711" author="Kolbe, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" pagination="383 - 427" title="Ueber die madagascarischen Dytisciden des Koenigl. Entomologischen Museum zu Berlin." volume="49" year="1883">Kolbe 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 386, 401 (faunistics, discussion);
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<bibRefCitation id="5C023FAD78739AE164D7C8402C05684A" author="Peschet, R" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="1 - 56" title="Coleopteres des Iles Mascareignes et Sechelles. Missions scientifiques de MM. Ch. Alluaud (1892, 1893 et 1897) et P. Carie (1910 - 1913). Dytiscidae et Gyrinidae." volume="86" year="1917">Peschet 1917</bibRefCitation>
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: 23 (discussion, key);
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<bibRefCitation id="978A2F35E335B0F798B0213740CA3D0B" author="Zimmermann, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="263" pageNumber="264" pagination="68 - 249" title="Die Schwimmkaefer des Deutschen Entomologischen Museums in Berlin-Dahlem." volume="83" year="1919">Zimmermann 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 119 (description);
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<bibRefCitation id="83EA501F2682C6336E830449652D955A" author="Zimmermann, A" journalOrPublisher="Junk, Berlin" pageId="263" pageNumber="264" title="Dytiscidae, Haliplidae, Hygrobiidae, Amphizoidae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 4 pars 71. W." year="1920 a">Zimmermann 1920a</bibRefCitation>
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: 16 (catalogue, faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="E227BC6BBB019C990A4FB6408C890261" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bertrand 1928a</bibRefCitation>
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: 184 (description, faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="2C76799535BF05FA483766742A3C40C1" author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Faune des Colonies Francaises" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="361 - 387" title="Description sommaire de quelques larves de dytiscides de Madagascar." volume="2" year="1928 c">Bertrand 1928c</bibRefCitation>
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: 364 (larva description);
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<bibRefCitation id="69E8D6885C828ADE4F5598F88DCB354D" author="Guignot, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="256" pageNumber="257" pagination="137 - 143" title="Contribution a l'etude des Laccophilinae (Col. Dytiscidae)." volume="42" year="1937">Guignot 1937</bibRefCitation>
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: 137, 138 (discussion, description, key to genera; type species of genus incorrectly given as
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<taxonomicName id="7BA66F4738F2DE62BC9FB902C44FE149" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus hyalinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">Laccophilus hyalinus</taxonomicName>
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De Geer);
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<bibRefCitation id="F39DDD4C30C38E472E0D80DFE00AF629" author="Guignot, F" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie" pageId="256" pageNumber="257" pagination="112 - 118" title="Genotypes des Dytiscoidea et des Gyrinoidea." volume="13" year="1946 a">Guignot 1946a</bibRefCitation>
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: 116 (type species
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<taxonomicName id="97672696732F3F92709BC84BB63BEE0F" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Dytiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dytiscus minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Dytiscus minutus</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus);
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<bibRefCitation id="0FCCC8A877471114CC7AA5C8E31E884A" author="Guignot, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris" pageId="256" pageNumber="257" pagination="215 - 322" title="Mission scientifique de l'Omo 6 (58). ColeopteraDytiscidae (2 e partie)." volume="19" year="1946 c">Guignot 1946c</bibRefCitation>
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: 260, 261, 315 (description, key to genus and species groups, discussion);
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<bibRefCitation id="7D0D7324A5A671062AEFF39E65635301" author="Guignot, F" journalOrPublisher="Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission H. Damas (1935 - 1936)" pageId="256" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 44" title="Dytiscidae et Gyrinidae." volume="16" year="1948">Guignot 1948</bibRefCitation>
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: 15 (description, key to genera);
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<bibRefCitation id="B6B1F8386FB664051BABDD3C8B6A23D1" author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission H. Damas (1935 - 1936)" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 27" title="Larves d'hydrocanthares (Dytiscidae et Gyrinidae)." volume="17" year="1948">Bertrand 1948</bibRefCitation>
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: 12 (description larva, faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="C4CBCDAE20EF64312DCA5BDE2D082EDC" author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Compte Rendu de la Societe de Biogeographie" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="114 - 118" title="Remarques sur la biogeography de quelques coleopteres aquatiques de l'Afrique du Nord." volume="28" year="1951">Bertrand 1951</bibRefCitation>
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: 114 (discussion, faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="793F4D0A7415FDA6794E6D815542E4FC" author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="283 - 299" title="Larves d'hydrocanthares. La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba." volume="2" year="1954">Bertrand 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 284, 288, 289 (discussion larva, description, faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="E5EDE1A56E4FA3CF20F2AFB8F9AC0766" author="Guignot, F" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge Serie 8 vo (Sciences Zoologiques)" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" pagination="27 - 37" title="Contributions a l'etude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). IV. ColeopteraHaliplidae, Dytiscidae et Gyrinidae." volume="36" year="1955 a">Guignot 1955a</bibRefCitation>
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: 37 (biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="F5712D747219B4A3351593AC902133CA" author="Omer-Cooper, Joyce" journalOrPublisher="Sociedade Estudos de Mocambique" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="19 - 32" title="Some records of Dytiscidae (Col.) from Mozambique." volume="101" year="1956">Omer-Cooper 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 21, 23 (faunistics, biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="F378399126FD0ED964B5E05CBFCDEDE1" author="Omer-Cooper, Joyce" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 90" title="Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) collected in the Transvaal (Rhodes University Expedition 1948)." volume="5" year="1957">Omer-Cooper 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, 11, 90 (key, description);
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<bibRefCitation id="11A50768132EE01629877807AA906B6F" author="Omer-Cooper, Joyce" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="36 - 55" title="Dytiscidae from Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia. III. Laccophilinae." volume="21" year="1958 b">Omer-Cooper 1958b</bibRefCitation>
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: 36 (key, subgroups, description);
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<bibRefCitation id="361117A003ED90085C1795D38BAAA7B9" author="Guignot, F" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge (Serie 8 vo) Sciences Zoologiques" pageId="258" pageNumber="259" pagination="323 - 648" title="Revision des hydrocanthares d'Afrique (ColeopteraDytiscoidea). 2." volume="78" year="1959 a">Guignot 1959a</bibRefCitation>
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: 530 (description, discussion, faunistics, 11 species groups distinguished and keyed);
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<bibRefCitation id="A055BBBDA1C9ED765D03F89DA8C78377" author="Omer-Cooper, Joyce" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="292 - 296" title="The distribution of the Cape Province Dytiscidae and speculations as to their possible origins." volume="2" year="1962">Omer-Cooper 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 294, 295 (faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="32354768CDAF0247404BB00CD258F62A" author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire (ser. A)" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="389 - 466" title="Contribution a l'etude des premiers etats des coleopteres aquatiques de la region ethiopienne (5 e note). Familles: Haliplidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae (Hydrocanthares)." volume="25" year="1963">Bertrand 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: 402, 411, 448 (juvenile discussion);
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<bibRefCitation id="68D2767CA3CC337AA7B080C5F04295F6" author="Omer-Cooper, Joyce" journalOrPublisher="South African Animal Life" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="59 - 214" title="Chapter 2. Coleoptera: Dytiscidae." volume="11" year="1965">Omer-Cooper 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 61, 65 (description, discussion, faunistics, biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="53789CB741489217392E14E757E2FAE9" author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan (Ecologie)" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="7 - 49" title="Tableau de determination des larves de coleopteres aquatiques (Familles et genres)." volume="2" year="1970">Bertrand 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 18, 38 (description, larva);
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<bibRefCitation id="14FC7429A9D5820ADE806DABE860C2B2" author="Bertrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers Office de la recherche scientifique et technique Outre-Mer, Paris" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="251 - 261" title="Larves de coleopteres aquatiques de Madagascar centre O. R. S. T. O. M. et mission Starmuehlner, 1958" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 252 (larva, faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="BCB69F576A0B1BFE3AC24B3F2A5F39D4" author="Betrand, H" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Paris" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="241 - 249" title="Hydrocanthares (excl. Gyrinidae) recueillis a Madagascar (Mission Bertrand, 1960)" year="1971">Bertrand and Legros 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 244 (faunistics, biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="83FF340CD3A2EF2303227FD7EFF7EF49" author="Forge, P" journalOrPublisher="- Cahiers de l'ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer) - Collection-Initiations-Documentations-Techniques" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="487 - 516" title="Flore et faune aquatiques de l'Afrique Sahelo-Soudanienne. Tome 2. - Coleopteres." volume="45" year="1981">Forge 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 501 (description, faunistics); Brancucci 1983: 251, 253 (description, key);
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<bibRefCitation id="BD57E3E0F07507ED27A562EF320DB797" author="Brancucci, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="241 - 426" title="Revision des especes est-palearctiques, orientales et australiennes du genre Laccophilus (Col. Dytiscidae)." volume="31 / 32" year="1983 b">Brancucci 1983b</bibRefCitation>
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: 241-426 (description, faunistics, discussion, taxonomic revision Oriental, East-Palearctic and Australian species);
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<bibRefCitation id="020B9779896460C5F902D9BE27F3E45E" author="Pederzani, F" journalOrPublisher="Atti dell'Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati, Contribute della Classe di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="103 - 118" title="Dytiscidae collected in Zambia and description of Hyphydrusfluviatilis sp. n. and Hyphydruszambiensis sp. n. (ColeopteraDytiscidae)." volume="26" year="1988">Pederzani 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 107 (faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="6B819179DE0321ADB88FA9E5D66AB555" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="287 - 316" title="A review of the genus- and family-group names of the family Dytiscidae Leach (Coleoptera)." url="10.1163/187631289X00348" volume="20" year="1989">Nilsson et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 299 (list, type species by monotypy,
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<taxonomicName id="E50C6E21EA1D53DC3F420B4792ED47C1" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Dytiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dytiscus minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Dytiscus minutus</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758);
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<bibRefCitation id="AB32FF21C3AFFE70A7A40CCD811314B2" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="57 - 94" title="Taxonomy, distribution and habitats of the Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) of Ethiopia." volume="4" year="1993">Nilsson and Persson 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 79 (discussion, faunistics, discussion);
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<bibRefCitation id="D1BBA04F43A3F92D42C3F84D85422A9B" author="Pederzani, F" journalOrPublisher="Atti dell'Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati, Contribute della Classe di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="5 - 83" title="Keys to the identification of the genera and subgenera of adult Dytiscidae (sensu lato) of the world (ColeopteraDytiscidae)." volume="4" year="1995">Pederzani 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 43, 73 (cosmpolitan genus, key, list);
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<bibRefCitation id="BCD9147CFC80BDEE8EFE8E38C68B55F2" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Journal African Zoology" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="489 - 514" title="The diving beetles (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) of Guinea Bissau in West Africa." volume="109" year="1995">Nilsson et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 505 (faunistics);
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<bibRefCitation id="C0862786D3ABEC12D89814B13CA02915" author="Balke, M" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" pagination="295 - 320" title="A review of the New Guinea species of Laccophilus Leach 1815 with notes on regional melanism (ColeopteraDytiscidae)." url="10.1080/03946975.1997.10539344" volume="10" year="1997">Balke et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 295-320 (review New Guinea species, melanism, discussion);
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B3BC8417D891400B5EB00EE8044398C5" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Latissimus" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 4" title="A classification of the family Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)." volume="8" year="1997">Nilsson and Roughley 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 4 (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="DAF58CEE0CD21A9806E53C9419379338" author="Alarie, Y" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics & Evolution" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" pagination="121 - 164" title="Larval morphology of four genera of Laccophilinae (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae) with an analysis of their phylogenetic relationships." url="10.1163/187631200X00354" volume="31" year="2000">Alarie et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 121-164 (
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<taxonomicName id="A0304FD2BF3488F57D0DB5A7A984C2A3" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Laccophilinae">Laccophilinae</taxonomicName>
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phylogeny discussion, based on larval morphology);
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<bibRefCitation id="FFA6DFDDA8D7D42FBC5EF6843C773C7A" author="Nilsson, AN" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo books, Stenstrup" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="35 - 78" title="Dytiscidae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 1. Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga" year="2003">Nilsson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 76 (type species:
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<taxonomicName id="A40A765F3DC424DB06B70F736A6FE25B" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Dytiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dytiscus minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Dytiscus minutus</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus);
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<bibRefCitation id="034B9EEB7A9505B98699468C1BFB1A12" author="Reintjes, N" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" pagination="45 - 74" title="Noteridae and Dytiscidae of the Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast, West Africa (Coleoptera: Noteridae, Dytiscidae)." volume="74" year="2004">Reintjes 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 66 (faunistics list, all continents);
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<bibRefCitation id="E9EC984AD549832EEE524B32C12D136C" author="Bilardo, A" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="254" pageNumber="255" pagination="125 - 135" title="Coleotteri idroadefagi del Parco Nazionale d'Odzala (Repubblica del Congo) (ColeopteraHaliplidae, Dytiscidae, Noteridae)." url="10.4081/memoriesei.2006.123" volume="85" year="2006">Bilardo and Rocchi 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 130, 133 (faunistics, discussion);
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<bibRefCitation id="83FAC5F59FD2C765C91F11A7C917ADF3" author="Bilardo, A" journalOrPublisher="Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano" pageId="254" pageNumber="255" pagination="177 - 231" title="Noteridae, Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) du Gabon (8 eme partie). Monts de Cristal." volume="152" year="2011">Bilardo and Rocchi 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 226 (biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="0AB35AC252BF0829F98E12C7CF044E50" author="Bilton, DT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="441 - 446" title="A new species of Yola Gozis, 1886 from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3905.3.10" volume="3905" year="2015">Bilton 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 446 (biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="241E03F1790AB9F009C68FD0FE2D1060" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Apollo books, Stenstrup" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" title="A World Catalogue of the Family Dytiscidae, or the Diving Beetles (Coleoptera, Adephaga). Version 1. I. 2015" url="http://www2.emg.umu.se/projects/biginst/andersn/" year="2015">Nilsson 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 208 (catalogue, faunistics). [Comment: literature, associated with Africa are only included. Accordingly, the list is incomplete for non-African species.]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CA75E0DE542CAC878A1F0E46359531B3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1D201071EF0AE4AF77BFEC21213C6388" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A843A92FFCAF57AAD85E811A45A8C936" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE531141FDDEDC7F80B82393ABDA80A" author="Miller, KB" editor="Yee, DA" journalOrPublisher="Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="49 - 171" title="The phylogeny and classification of predaceous diving beetles." url="10.1007/978-94-017-9109-0_3" volumeTitle="Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of predaceous diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)" year="2014">Miller and Bergsten (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4BA3EA12787170D5F6129C9792EC0D9F" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="tribe" tribe="Laccophilini">Laccophilini</taxonomicName>
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, including the genus
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<taxonomicName id="C24A27041BFC3F1A4969B488E48F9808" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccophilus</taxonomicName>
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, is characterized by not visible scutellum when elytra closed, a single metatarsal claw, and prominent lobes at the anteroapical apices of the metatarsomeres. All African species of
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<taxonomicName id="22D832E4389686420CEF80B87ADA3201" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccophilus</taxonomicName>
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have bifid metatibial spines (Fig. 9), which separate them from the other
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<taxonomicName id="14931F3D2599E0B8548FEB7829C9C2C1" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="tribe" tribe="Laccophilini">Laccophilini</taxonomicName>
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genera in Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BC1E9897FED156741786ED2EC8A7194B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C4E6E98B16E39C34A253ABA445327B3C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D342FB997D1B0E2BF5FF4DD76A7139E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Body parameters: Length of body 2.8-6.0 mm, width 1.5-3.4 mm. Shape somewhat variable, elongate to oval, rarely sub-cylindrical (Fig. 382). Often,
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<pageBreakToken id="C3F338EE5D8411CC811F6CAA587B4F57" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">posteriorly</pageBreakToken>
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flattened, with various colour pattern (Figs 393, 401, 451, 457, 471, 489, 515, 526).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="81620FF824520BCDBBF25DAE347CA2D6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microsculpture and reticulation of two different kinds: Simple (meshes equally large, almost uniform, no size categories of meshes distinguished) and double (meshes of two kinds; size categories distinguished). When distinctly double, body covered with large meshes which generally contain a various number (2-8) of fine (less pronounced) meshes. Commonly, lines of large meshes in part reduced and weakly developed; sometimes almost absent and only discerned as fragments/rudiments. Less commonly, lines of finer meshes are reduced and difficult to discern within larger meshes. Sometimes mesh-categories in part mixed and microsculpture appears indistinct or absent while distinct in another location of same specimen. Rarely meshes of microsculpture elongated, being comparatively long in relation to breadth. Dorsal surface of body shiny to mat. Large parts of body in ventral-aspect with very fine, simple and slightly undulate linear microsculpture, which can be reduced, in part absent. Punctures on dorsal surface of body generally sparse and concentrated to various regions. Head at eyes with fine and irregular punctures. Punctures at area of head often enlarged narrowly towards head-centre, forming a sparse, transverse row of punctures connecting ocular punctuate areas. On pronotum fine punctures often discernible, especially at pronotal margins. Elytra with fine, irregular, longitudinal rows of punctures often discernible on disc, dorsoventrally and laterally. Ventral surface largely lacking punctures. Apical ventrite, however, generally with scattered, fine punctures. Lateral, pre-apical furrow of elytra generally distinct and pubescent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="99470D53F1290C24D606F8BE7943FB4F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Ventral aspect: Prosternal process slender, often strongly extended posteriorly and apically pointed (Figs 1-5). Metacoxal plates often provided with transverse, slightly obscure and shallow furrows, which can be rather indistinct. Stridulatory apparatus, when present, is located posteriorly on metacoxal plates, quite close to midline of body. Apparatus consists of dense ridges forming a semicircular file (Fig. 6). All African
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<taxonomicName id="33C3A2801588234C9C55717A52F92C60" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccophilus</taxonomicName>
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species have curved, fine striae on basal ventrites of abdomen (Fig. 6). Apical ventrite variable in shape, often modified and asymmetric, provided with a fine knob-like process on one side (Figs 110, 118). Apical ventrite with posterior edge modified with medial part posteriorly to a variable degree extended (Figs 47, 112). Some species groups lack modifications on apical ventrite (Figs 26, 43). Metacoxal process posteriorly rarely expanded (Fig. 7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="61B79E9CAC82DEA92CDE785836A5C81C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Legs: Male pro-and mesotarsus slightly enlarged and provided with suckers, length of which is variable (Fig. 10) - female lacks suckers. Metatibial spurs bifid (Fig. 9).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA9D25CEEE79CCA39ADC79CAD0592786" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sexes: Similar but males provided with pro- and mesotarsal suckers. Male apical ventrites in many species groups more strongly modified than in female; often asymmetric with one-side lateral knob on apical ventrite. Rarely female epipleuron with intraspecific, partial enlargement (Fig. 8).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50A00701C17C984A1A195522F055DB8B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="0A0F5FE46DB99ED473E0B4DAA9BB86D3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9897941B4043A29F98C32F012ACC91FA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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|
Global distribution covering all continents but Antarctica. According to the world catalogue 263 species recognized (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="7C1C7F8BFDD8B7AA85203A3A51F90C6B" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Apollo books, Stenstrup" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" title="A World Catalogue of the Family Dytiscidae, or the Diving Beetles (Coleoptera, Adephaga). Version 1. I. 2015" url="http://www2.emg.umu.se/projects/biginst/andersn/" year="2015">Nilsson 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D42C0B53D9848A0992C2A7F6ED4EB1A7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="ecology and collecting circumstances">
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<paragraph id="7D023A7A8C0B6347A48658DCE1261808" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ecology and collecting circumstances.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B51D0359693093C3D9232068B33F4DF1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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In Africa the genus occurs in all kinds of freshwater habitats. Often collected in quite shallow water with sparse vegetation
|
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<pageBreakToken id="986D8AB08FD124FCB1FE0CBB371C6A77" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
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sandy-clay-bottom, e.g. in drinking pools for domestic animals. No comprehensive work on ecology of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FE10957291D0F9D1DB1287A758BAD67D" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccophilus</taxonomicName>
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exists. Scattered information can be obtained by scrolling through faunistic literature, here listed. Additional sparse information on ecology is documented on many collecting labels. Experiences from Madagascar by the last author gives
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E14E7BBE0CDF63E361D3397E5C2D0365" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccophilus</taxonomicName>
|
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as one of the most ubiquitously occurring dytiscid genera. Different species have been found from sea level up to an altitude of over 2000m.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="447A1C8430291D46D1BB68B6F4F01E5D" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccophilus</taxonomicName>
|
|
inhabits many types of both lotic and lentic waters with different species and species groups more specialized. The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6950027B281E87C9703096A47EE528DE" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus alluaudi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Laccophilus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
|
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species group for example contains typical lotic species. The group is characteristic of small to medium-size canopy-covered rainforest streams with sandy or gravel bottoms lacking vegetation but collecting dead leaves at margins. Species from other groups like the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="077A2FBFB33C68ADD04CCCFAAA2711DE" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus taeniolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taeniolatus">Laccophilus taeniolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
group are often very abundant in red-clayish ponds visited by zebu cattle. The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3BAEAB57F1A72B1191FBFA799E1E067C" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus leonensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leonensis">Laccophilus leonensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
group can be found in vegetation-rich forest swamps and marshes or at margins of slow flowing vegetated sections of open landscape meandering rivers. When taken out of the water and put on dry land and when disturbed they can jump distances at least 20x their own body length. The behavior has not been studied in detail and could be both an anti-predatory escape behavior or used when semipermanent streams or side pools gradually dry out and the beetle can without flying move sideways or downstream to new habitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |