treatments-xml/data/77/08/F1/7708F17AB808E53763F1FC1E6104FE40.xml
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<document id="DAAA46A8856D492D9126BE12EF5B49EA" ID-CLB-Dataset="25823" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4662.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7070ef91-15db-4b7e-a87d-72e7b0bdb192" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3383448" ID-ZooBank="366A1E81-946C-4ED4-8A65-C51151FE87CC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1567407246790" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavigne, Robert J. &amp; Dennis, Steve" docDate="2019" docId="7708F17AB808E53763F1FC1E6104FE40" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4662.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4662 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pogonioefferia staminea Williston" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="8B318902B822E51C6366FF98636CFF5F" masterDocTitle="Robber flies (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) of Wyoming, USA with keys to genera and species" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698754079079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1FA46D75CF15DCAEDD1643C69AC7866F">Robber flies (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) of Wyoming, USA with keys to genera and species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="4FF7BD388B893FF9FFAB6DB0A7C0BC9F">Lavigne, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B017B4288F9B748122949A2176B15723">Dennis, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="65A10AB27C792AE8AC8CE7FA056A3FD4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E93C275CA26963254BF317C87F9E3A26">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1836BBD1049971705823748E74B2B947">2019-08-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7708F17AB808E53763F1FC1E6104FE40" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159348922" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7708F17AB808E53763F1FC1E6104FE40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7708F17AB808E53763F1FC1E6104FE40" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B808E53663F1FC1E6154FCFE" box="[151,568,902,929]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB808E53663F1FC1E6154FCFE" blockId="42.[151,568,902,929]" box="[151,568,902,929]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="A456F700B808E53663F1FC1E6154FCFE" bold="true" box="[151,568,902,929]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E53663F1FC1E6154FCFE" authority="(Williston)" authorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,568,902,929]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53663F1FC1E6154FCFE" bold="true" box="[151,568,902,929]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53663F1FC1E62DEFCFE" bold="true" box="[151,434,902,929]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pogonioefferia staminea</emphasis>
(Williston)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B808E53663F1FC546168FCBB" box="[151,516,971,996]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB808E53663F1FC546168FCBB" blockId="42.[151,516,971,996]" box="[151,516,971,996]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E53663F1FC54616CFCBB" ID-CoL="8879W" authority="Williston, 1885: 68" authorityName="Williston" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,512,971,996]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Erax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stamineus">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53663F1FC546258FCBC" box="[151,308,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Erax stamineus</emphasis>
Williston, 1885: 68
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B808E53763F1FB896104FE40" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB808E53663F1FB8967AEFBBF" blockId="42.[151,1437,1041,2040]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53663F1FB8962D9FB73" bold="true" box="[151,437,1041,1068]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Recognition characters:</emphasis>
Brownish gray and silver species; length
<quantity id="3859ED89B808E53660F6FB8A6767FB73" box="[912,1035,1042,1068]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="11.0">1124 mm</quantity>
; mystax yellow to yellowish white; bristles and setae of mesonotum mostly black except supraalar setae white; postpronotal setae of male black, of female, partly white; meral bristles straw white; scutellar setae and bristles black males, white on females; in males abdominal tergites 37 and occasionally 2 apically silvery white pollinose, long white setae parted in middle and directed outward on tergites 36; lower arm of basistyle in males 3 times the length of upper arm and curved downward; legs with pale yellow setae femora black, tibiae variable (black to reddish). See
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E536673BFB5F67D2FBBF" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1887" box="[1117,1214,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Erax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rapax">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E536673BFB5F6702FBBF" box="[1117,1134,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P</emphasis>
. rapax
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB808E53663A1FB71676CF87F" blockId="42.[151,1437,1041,2040]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53663A1FB71620FFA5B" bold="true" box="[199,355,1257,1284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution:</emphasis>
ALBANY: Laramie,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E5366134FB726185FA5B" box="[594,745,1258,1284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1964-08-17">17 Aug. 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366191FB726047FA5B" box="[759,811,1258,1284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
); E flank of Laramie Peak, Laramie Mtns.,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536666BFB7266F0FA5B" box="[1293,1436,1258,1284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1964-07-17">17 July 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53663F9FA9663BEFA77" box="[159,210,1294,1320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53663B8FA966275FA77" box="[222,281,1294,1320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FRH</collectionCode>
). CONVERSE: Douglas,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536615DFA9661A0FA77" box="[571,716,1294,1320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1961-07-11">11 July 1961</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53661BAFA96607CFA77" box="[732,784,1294,1320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
). FREMONT: Lander, WANG, LTA,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E53667D1FA966622FA77" box="[1207,1358,1294,1320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2004-06-29">29 June 2004</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E536663BFA9666FBFA77" box="[1373,1431,1294,1320]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsbf-qixz" name="Colorado State University" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53663F1FAAA639DFA13" box="[151,241,1330,1356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">GMAD</collectionCode>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E5366261FAAA62E3FA13" box="[263,399,1329,1356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2005-07-02">2 July 2005</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53662C7FAAA62B7FA13" box="[417,475,1330,1356]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsbf-qixz" name="Colorado State University" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E536628CFAAA6128FA13" box="[490,580,1330,1356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">GMAD</collectionCode>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536613CFAAA6185FA13" box="[602,745,1330,1356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2004-08-08">8 Aug. 2004</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E536619DFAAA6059FA13" box="[763,821,1330,1356]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsbf-qixz" name="Colorado State University" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366022FAAA60F3FA13" box="[836,927,1330,1356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">GMAD</collectionCode>
). PLATTE: Camp
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB808E5366711FAAA678FFA13" box="[1143,1251,1330,1356]" name="Guernsey" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
, WANG, 2001b (
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53663F9FACE63B5FA2F" box="[159,217,1366,1392]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsbf-qixz" name="Colorado State University" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366381FACE622EFA2F" box="[231,322,1366,1392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">GMAD</collectionCode>
); Chugwater,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E5366284FACE611BFA2F" box="[482,631,1365,1392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1952-07-23">23 July 1952</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53661EFFACE61AEFA2F" box="[649,706,1366,1392]" country="Turkmenistan" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12935" name="Desert Experiment Station of the W.I.R." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">REP</collectionCode>
). Dwyer, numerous records,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536676BFACE67D6FA2F" box="[1037,1210,1366,1392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">22 June3Aug.</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53667ADFACE6793FA2F" box="[1227,1279,1366,1392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
); Gray Rocks Ranch, Camp
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB808E536625CFAE262CAFACB" box="[314,422,1402,1428]" name="Guernsey" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E53662D5FAE2611DFACB" box="[435,625,1402,1428]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2008-07-14" valueMax="2008-07-22" valueMin="2008-07-14">1422 July 2008</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53661E7FAE261D7FACB" box="[641,699,1402,1428]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsbf-qixz" name="Colorado State University" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53661AFFAE26048FACB" box="[713,804,1402,1428]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">GMAD</collectionCode>
);
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB808E536605EFAE260C8FACB" box="[824,932,1402,1428]" name="Guernsey" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
, numerous records,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E53667ECFAE26627FACB" box="[1162,1355,1402,1428]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">22 June22 Aug.</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E536663DFAE266E3FACB" box="[1371,1423,1402,1428]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
);
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB808E53663F1FA06626EFAE7" box="[151,258,1438,1464]" name="Guernsey" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
State Park,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E53662EDFA066170FAE7" box="[395,540,1438,1464]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1964-07-16">16 July 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E536614DFA066133FAE7" box="[555,607,1438,1464]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
); Register Cliff,
<quantity id="3859ED89B808E536607DFA0660E9FAE7" box="[795,901,1438,1464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.981" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="1.981">1,981 km</quantity>
(
<quantity id="3859ED89B808E53660F5FA05609CFAE6" box="[915,1008,1437,1465]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="ft" value="6.5">6,500 ft</quantity>
), E of
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB808E536675DFA0667CBFAE7" box="[1083,1191,1438,1464]" name="Guernsey" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E53667D5FA056628FAE7" box="[1203,1348,1437,1464]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1964-07-15">15 July 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366635FA0666E3FAE7" box="[1363,1423,1438,1464]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FRH</collectionCode>
); Hartville,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536626FFA5A616DFA83" box="[265,513,1474,1500]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1963-06-19" valueMax="1963-07-17" valueMin="1963-06-19">19 June17 July 1963</date>
,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536616BFA5A618AFA83" box="[525,742,1474,1500]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1964-06-09" valueMax="1964-07-09" valueMin="1964-06-09">9 June9 July 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366190FA5A6046FA83" box="[758,810,1474,1500]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
). GOSHEN: Smith Ranch, Lingle,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E53667D3FA5A66F0FA83" box="[1205,1436,1474,1500]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1963-06-20" valueMax="1963-07-02" valueMin="1963-06-20">20 June2 July 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53663F9FA7E63BFF95F" box="[159,211,1510,1536]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536638EFA7E628FF95F" box="[232,483,1509,1536]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1964-06-20" valueMax="1964-07-15" valueMin="1964-06-20">20 June15 July 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366295FA7E6146F95F" box="[499,554,1510,1536]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RPB</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E536615CFA7E6107F95F" box="[570,619,1510,1536]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E536611EFA7E61DFF95F" box="[632,691,1510,1536]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FRH</collectionCode>
). HOT SPRINGS: Owl Creek Mtns.,
<quantity id="3859ED89B808E5366704FA7D67ACF95F" box="[1122,1216,1509,1536]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.615" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1.615">1,615 m</quantity>
(
<quantity id="3859ED89B808E53667B6FA7D6643F95E" box="[1232,1327,1509,1537]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61544" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="ft" value="5.3">5,300 ft</quantity>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E5366622FA7D63A3F97B" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1961-06-25">25 June 1961</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366386F9926278F97B" box="[224,276,1546,1572]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
). LARAMIE: Pine Bluffs,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536612CF99261B2F97B" box="[586,734,1546,1572]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1963-07-19">19 July 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366196F992604DF97B" box="[752,801,1546,1572]" country="0" name="Scientific Research Centre" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">LJS</collectionCode>
). PLATTE: Wheatland,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E5366752F99267A4F97B" box="[1076,1224,1545,1572]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1965-07-22">22 July 1965</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53667BCF9926662F97B" box="[1242,1294,1546,1572]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
); Wheatland Cutoff,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E5366396F9B66214F917" box="[240,376,1582,1608]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1962-07-08">8 July 1962</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53662EFF9B662D1F917" box="[393,445,1582,1608]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
); Cherry Creek, SE of Wheatland,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E5366034F9B66768F917" box="[850,1028,1582,1608]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1966-07-07" valueMax="1966-07-13" valueMin="1966-07-07">713 July 1966</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E5366773F9B66725F917" box="[1045,1097,1582,1608]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">RJL</collectionCode>
); Pin Top Trail,
<date id="8B1F66ACB808E536666EF9B666F0F917" box="[1288,1436,1582,1608]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1981-07-11">11 July 1981</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B808E53663F9F9CA63B4F933" box="[159,216,1618,1644]" country="Turkmenistan" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12935" name="Desert Experiment Station of the W.I.R." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">REP</collectionCode>
). Recorded from Wyoming by:
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E5366126F9CA61B3F933" author="Brown, C. J. D." box="[576,735,1618,1644]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="295 - 320" refId="ref100558" refString="Brown, C. J. D. (1929) A morphological and systematical study of Utah Asilidae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 54, 295 - 320." type="journal article" year="1929">Brown (1929)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366076F9CB60D2F933" authorityName="Williston" authorityYear="1885" box="[784,958,1619,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Erax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stamineus">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366076F9CB60D2F933" box="[784,958,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Erax stamineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E53660BEF9CA6733F932" author="Cole, F. R." box="[984,1119,1618,1645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="184 - 217" refId="ref101329" refString="Cole, F. R. (1969) The flies of western North America. University of California Press, Berkeley, 693 pp. [Asilidae, pp. 184 - 217]" type="book chapter" year="1969">Cole (1969)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E53667F6F9CA6627F933" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1168,1355,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53667F6F9CA6627F933" box="[1168,1355,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E5366602F9CA62E1F9CF" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="992 - 996" refId="ref105187" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S. (1975) Ethology of Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 992 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.6.992" type="journal article" year="1975">Dennis &amp; Lavigne (1975)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E53662D9F9EE6116F9CF" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[447,634,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53662D9F9EE6116F9CF" box="[447,634,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as prey of
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366065F9EE6768F9CF" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[771,1028,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Ospriocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366065F9EE6768F9CF" box="[771,1028,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ospriocerus latipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366772F9EE667BF9CF" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1866" box="[1044,1303,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Stenopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquinatus">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366772F9EE667BF9CF" box="[1044,1303,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stenopogon inquinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E5366656F9EE626BF9EB" author="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref102517" refString="Dennis, D. S., Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G. (2010) Hemiptera (Heteroptera / Homoptera) as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) with unpublished records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2010">
Dennis
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53666EEF9EF63D8F9EB" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366250F902629DF9EB" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[310,497,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366250F902629DF9EB" box="[310,497,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E536616CF9026074F9EB" author="Fisher, E. M. &amp; Wilcox, J." box="[522,792,1690,1716]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref103147" refString="Fisher, E. M. &amp; Wilcox, J. (1997) Catalog of the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of the Nearctic Region. California Department of Food &amp; Agriculture, Sacramento, 56 pp. [unpublished]" type="book" year="1997">Fisher &amp; Wilcox (1997)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E536602EF902676EF9EB" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[840,1026,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E536602EF902676EF9EB" box="[840,1026,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E536677DF902667CF9EB" author="Geller-Grimm, F." box="[1051,1296,1690,1716]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref103221" refString="Geller-Grimm, F. (2018) Robber flies (Asilidae), database, catalog of species. Available from: http: / www. geller-grimm. de / catalog / species. htm (accessed 23 March 2018)" type="book" year="2018">Geller-Grimm (2018)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E536667BF90266F8F9EB" author="Hine, J. S." box="[1309,1428,1690,1716]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="103 - 157" refId="ref103577" refString="Hine, J. S. (1919) Robberflies of the genus Erax. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 12, 103 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 12.2.103" type="journal article" year="1919">Hine 1919</bibRefCitation>
) (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E53663A6F9276203F987" authorityName="Williston" authorityYear="1885" box="[192,367,1727,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Erax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stamineus">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53663A6F9276203F987" box="[192,367,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Erax stamineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Lavigne (1964) (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E536610EF926604FF987" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[616,803,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E536610EF926604FF987" box="[616,803,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; prey of
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E53660EBF92667F8F987" baseAuthorityName="Bromley" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[909,1172,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53660EBF92667F8F987" box="[909,1172,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pogonioefferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E53667A3F92666E7F987" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1221,1419,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53667A3F92666E7F987" box="[1221,1419,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Lavigne &amp;
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB808E5366270F97A621CF9A3" box="[278,368,1762,1788]" name="Netherlands" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Holland</collectingCountry>
[(1969) (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E536629EF97A61DEF9A3" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[504,690,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E536629EF97A61DEF9A3" box="[504,690,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as prey of
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366052F97A6724F9A3" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[820,1096,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidula">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366052F97A6724F9A3" box="[820,1096,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pogonioefferia pallidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366710F97A6643F9A3" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1142,1327,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidula">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366710F97A6643F9A3" box="[1142,1327,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia pallidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)];
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E5366636F97A623AF87F" author="Martin, C. H. &amp; Wilcox, J." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="360 - 401" refId="ref106572" refString="Martin, C. H. &amp; Wilcox, J. (1965) Family Asilidae. In: A catalog of Diptera of North America. USDA Agriculture Handbook, No. 276, pp. 360 - 401." type="book chapter" year="1965">Martin &amp; Wilcox (1965)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E53662E3F89E6153F87F" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[389,575,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53662E3F89E6153F87F" box="[389,575,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E5366131F89E606BF87E" author="Wilcox, J." box="[599,775,1798,1825]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="85 - 234" refId="ref108529" refString="Wilcox, J. (1966 b) Efferia Coquillett in America north of Mexico. (Diptera: Asilidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 34, 85 - 234." type="journal article" year="1966">Wilcox (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366050F89E609CF87F" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[822,1008,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366050F89E609CF87F" box="[822,1008,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB808E53663A1F8B16141F8EF" blockId="42.[151,1437,1041,2040]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53663A1F8B16240F81B" bold="true" box="[199,300,1833,1860]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Habitat:</emphasis>
Pine-douglas fir forest (clearings within the forest where shrubs and grasses are dominant), sagebrush steppe and wheatgrass-needlegrass shrub steppe shrub and grassland, and grama-needlegrass-wheatgrass and grama-buffalo grass grassland vegetation
<typeStatus id="201AFECEB808E5366112F8EA61DFF8D3" box="[628,691,1906,1932]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">types</typeStatus>
. Open rangeland, blue grama (
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366770F8EA6784F8D3" baseAuthorityName="Lag. Wild. ex Kunth Griffiths" box="[1046,1256,1906,1932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bouteloua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366770F8EA6784F8D3" box="[1046,1256,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bouteloua gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and threadleaf sedge (
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E5366381F80E62E8F8EF" authorityName="Nutt." box="[231,388,1942,1968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filifolia">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E5366381F80E62E8F8EF" box="[231,388,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Carex filifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) communities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB808E53663A1F8226225F8A7" blockId="42.[151,1437,1041,2040]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E53663A1F8226250F88B" bold="true" box="[199,316,1978,2004]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ethology:</emphasis>
Rests on and forages from soil, grass mat, and other vegetation (see
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB808E536675BF8226639F88B" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R." box="[1085,1365,1978,2004]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref105414" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R. (1969) Comparative behavior of eleven species of Wyoming robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 18, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1969">
Lavigne &amp;
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB808E53667DAF822667AF88B" box="[1212,1302,1978,2004]" name="Netherlands" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Holland</collectingCountry>
1969
</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB808E536661CF8226254F8A7" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB808E536661CF8226254F8A7" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB809E53763A1FF016104FE40" blockId="43.[151,1436,153,287]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB809E53763A1FF016264FFEC" bold="true" box="[199,264,153,179]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Prey:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB809E537626BFF016288FFEC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[269,484,153,179]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">HYMENOPTERA</taxonomicName>
, wild bee predator, Glendo Study A,
<date id="8B1F66ACB809E5376011FF016769FFEC" box="[887,1029,153,179]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1968-07-10">10 July 1968</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B809E5376774FF016727FFEC" box="[1042,1099,153,179]" country="Turkmenistan" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12935" name="Desert Experiment Station of the W.I.R." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">REP</collectionCode>
).
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB809E537673BFF01667AFFEC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1117,1302,153,179]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">COLEOPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB809E5376679FF0166F4FFEC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1311,1432,153,179]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="order">DIPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB809E53763F1FF25610CFF88" authority="(Heteroptera, Homoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Heteroptera, Homoptera" box="[151,608,189,215]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">HEMIPTERA (Heteroptera, Homoptera)</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB809E537610CFF25602DFF88" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[618,833,189,215]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">HYMENOPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB809E537602DFF256766FF88" authorityName=", Unidentified" box="[843,1034,189,215]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">LEPIDOPTERA</taxonomicName>
, NEUROPTERA, ODONATA, OR- THOPTERA (see
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB809E5376204FF79615DFFA4" author="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G." box="[354,561,225,251]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref102517" refString="Dennis, D. S., Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G. (2010) Hemiptera (Heteroptera / Homoptera) as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) with unpublished records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2010">
Dennis
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB809E53762DEFF7A6283FFA4" box="[440,495,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB809E537615AFF796039FFA4" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R." box="[572,853,225,251]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref105414" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R. (1969) Comparative behavior of eleven species of Wyoming robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 18, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1969">
Lavigne &amp;
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB809E53761DCFF796078FFA4" box="[698,788,225,251]" name="Netherlands" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Holland</collectingCountry>
1969
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB809E5376007FF796730FFA4" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Pfadt, R. E." box="[865,1116,225,251]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref105584" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Pfadt, R. E. (1966) Parasites and predators of Wyoming rangeland grasshoppers. University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 3, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1966">Lavigne &amp; Pfadt 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB809E5376701FF79662EFFA4" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Bloom, M. H. &amp; Neys, W. A." box="[1127,1346,225,251]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref104891" refString="Lavigne, R. J., Bloom, M. H. &amp; Neys, W. A. (1968) Adult behavior of Tabanus reinwardtii and Chrysops fulvaster (Diptera: Tabanidae). University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 12, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1968">
Lavigne
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB809E53767AFFF7A666DFFA4" box="[1225,1281,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
1968
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB809E537662BFF79623EFE40" author="Rogers, L. E. &amp; Lavigne, R. J." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref107515" refString="Rogers, L. E. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. (1972) Asilidae of the Pawnee National Grasslands, in northeastern Colorado. University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph 25. University of Wyoming, University of Wyoming, Wyoming, 35 pp." type="book" year="1972">Rogers &amp; Lavigne 1972</bibRefCitation>
, all as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB809E53762F8FE9D6134FE40" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[414,600,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB809E53762F8FE9D6134FE40" box="[414,600,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Efferia staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>