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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.925.39691" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd72aac6-9c05-4ca2-bfc8-dbf5dc462aa4" ID-PMC="PMC7160194" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-925-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" ID-PubMed="32317852" ID-ZooBank="BB966609087849A1B13C138C2495E6B7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-925-1" checkinTime="1586365656080" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Maddison, Wayne P., Maddison, David R., Derkarabetian, Shahan &amp; Hedin, Marshal" docDate="2020" docId="76CB4AB216AC5804AD071211A59B74C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 925: 1-54" docOrigin="ZooKeys 925" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.925.39691" docTitle="Attulus (Attulus) sylvestris , restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" masterDocTitle="Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732479024238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3D4B46BD860C95135C1BF5D634FA6248">Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB177A2B26B9C61071CEF55E97BC2570">Maddison, Wayne P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="32FE9ACC47B2EE69401D2A04956C0FED">Departments of Zoology and Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C94040B5F6C6842A644338AA029609BD">Maddison, David R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2942A0EFA3410711E95823B0A0D37563">Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3BD3EB7D8C963B1FD95F43E9F7667614">Derkarabetian, Shahan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5186DCBEE5DDC860C722E77C1AE758F5">Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA &amp; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A124924A8DF423977E5D2A5AF2C996C4">Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="76CB4AB216AC5804AD071211A59B74C5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163540037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:76CB4AB216AC5804AD071211A59B74C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/76CB4AB216AC5804AD071211A59B74C5" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Salticidae" scope_order="Araneae" scope_subGenus="Attulus" scope_subTribe="Sitticina" scope_tribe="Sitticini">
<subSubSection id="D8A606445AFD79526BA49E3341003C30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F4A8142D847995BDAFE11A1434517582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0C0190CEE8F0CC27E8946A96EF3458B9" ID-CoL="93QYG" LSID="76CB4AB2-16AC-5804-AD07-1211A59B74C5" authority="(Emerton, 1891), restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola)" authorityName=", restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola" baseAuthorityName="Emerton" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus (Attulus) sylvestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris" subGenus="Attulus">Attulus (Attulus) sylvestris (Emerton, 1891), restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="B89E05DF6DE1EE2A5C603696C5F4E95D" captionStart="Figures 3138" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 31 - 38. Attulus subgenus Attulus, continued (floricola group) 31, 32 Attulus sylvestris: 31 male, Ontario, Ottawa 32 male, Maryland, Dorchester Co 33 - 35 A. floricola: 33 male, Ontario, Port Cunnington 34 male, Ontario (46.9300, - 79.7268) 35 male, Ontario, Gravenhurst 36 - 38 A. inexpectus: 36, 37 male, Tuva (50.6690, 92.9844) 38 female, Tuva (51.316, 94.495). For additional images of the floricola group, see Figs 49 - 58." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures31-38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 31</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E7D201062C37618C5A2EC916B6FA93FB" captionStart="Figures 3138" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 31 - 38. Attulus subgenus Attulus, continued (floricola group) 31, 32 Attulus sylvestris: 31 male, Ontario, Ottawa 32 male, Maryland, Dorchester Co 33 - 35 A. floricola: 33 male, Ontario, Port Cunnington 34 male, Ontario (46.9300, - 79.7268) 35 male, Ontario, Gravenhurst 36 - 38 A. inexpectus: 36, 37 male, Tuva (50.6690, 92.9844) 38 female, Tuva (51.316, 94.495). For additional images of the floricola group, see Figs 49 - 58." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures31-38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 32</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9F4A180707F8B0BBA7CA736BDF0527C0" captionStart="Figures 4968" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 49 - 68. Sitticines of Canada: Attulus subgenus Attulus (for A. ammophilus, see Figs 69 - 73) 49 - 53 Attulus floricola: 49 palp (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 50, 51 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 52 male (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 53 female (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 54 - 58 Attulus sylvestris: 54 palp (Ontario, Ottawa) 55, 56 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Ottawa) 57 male (California, 36.3646, - 121.5544) 58 female (Ontario, 42.55, - 80.13) 59 - 63 Attulus striatus: 59 palp (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 60, 61 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 62 male (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 63 female (New Hampshire, Ponemah Bog) 64 - 68 Attulus cutleri: 64 palp (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 65, 66 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 67 male (Northwest Territories, Inuvik) 68 female (Yukon, 67.57, - 139.67). For habitus of other Attulus species, see Figs 15 - 38." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures49-68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 54-58</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0AC2768A28B86300EA4B4B6B667DCD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9FEBC4987B20B81142525E0A5535F8B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FB6C1B5188C3ADEAF212C4CB4F06D96F" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attus sylvestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Attus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
Emerton, 1891 (Holotype male in MCZ from Beverly, Massachusetts, examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C56B7092DFD3C3D4AAFC04D83CDDD907" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E0FD35005E08C3AD28140F7478118CF9" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1944" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sitticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sitticus magnus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Sitticus magnus</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1944, syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3683DA78BA33853D413EE03B98B34BB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0968A0F1A8775A1D4841DFB06EC44693" baseAuthorityName="C.L.Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sitticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sitticus rupicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicola">Sitticus rupicola</taxonomicName>
-
<normalizedToken id="8C7890EB77F5D6E2A8A219133583825A" originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
, 1980, figs 58, 59 (misidentification), specimen from Texas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFCE0AC89E2115BFE41CAAC1CCD5F95B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="51A7958854253363E1FC15CA01A077AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321D445714959437BAA04F796D7A632A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A widespread but little-known Nearctic species,
<taxonomicName id="5F22CF7EA281F330F7F2A293C735226A" lsidName="A. sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="D24F6F182227CFF5CD813458766BB6AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found on partially shaded ground where the males stand out for their tiny bouncing bright white spots (the white tuft of setae on the
<normalizedToken id="D159422BB17AC790796F804545C13EA9" originalValue="palps">palp's</normalizedToken>
tibia). We have found them on rocks and leaf litter along a forest edge in Ontario, on the ground at the edge of a creek in a forest in California, and on forest leaf litter in Maryland. See discussion under
<taxonomicName id="56AF66BCC7A3A38438A2F4C12A1A844D" lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis id="188A39893AE63BC56F22EEFD6FED7F6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
about why we judge
<taxonomicName id="F106C67636A2BD818CC8958DDFA8F3DA" lsidName="A. sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="D49CB6202BECA1C6F0DE44E9ED1250E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be the proper name of this species, at issue because of confusion over the type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E630011CD9C5D68159EB05B2965C2CAC" authorityName="Peckham &amp; Peckham" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attus palustris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="1CBA8316C73EFE4FCC3FF1348908931A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attus palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="13862AA9B9C0B5D872894BF036A05417" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Both males and females have shorter legs and less contrasting markings than in
<taxonomicName id="36F1CB87853749DD88CCB9E099FBD4C6" lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis id="D1C34741CDE2D527D9B284AFA6925575" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the distinction of markings is most notable in the male, which lacks the high-contrast white stripes on dark brown seen in
<taxonomicName id="A765F897721D3D4B667087249E321334" lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis id="E9EB064A2CC1291BF0113012E104B960" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The white setae on the
<normalizedToken id="ACD67E6EC23E9EFBA8E41E10AF83CF24" originalValue="males">male's</normalizedToken>
palp are concentrated on just the tibia and end of the femur. The bulb of the palp is rotated slightly more than in
<taxonomicName id="F68E406EBA1E97120E6A028AF1E088E3" lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis id="A787A412B07F67C202818FC2C64E3667" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and thus the
<normalizedToken id="8B9FAF3075D90F0D49C0D639503DCACC" originalValue="spermophores">spermophore's</normalizedToken>
path shows an upturn (i.e., the loop is angled to point distally instead of basally as in
<taxonomicName id="09D27A84CD46037BC2E8452D9DAF10AB" lsidName="floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis id="DF31579AAFE9CDFB502B0F48A770E0AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the
<normalizedToken id="D04C132D2614318A269D7A5A5C2DD421" originalValue="females">female's</normalizedToken>
copulatory ducts arrive further to the posterior before looping back anteriorly to enter the spermathecae. In these regards the genitalia resemble those of the Eurasian
<taxonomicName id="CB579EAFF3E826D64B22E4192F4D5AD4" lsidName="A. rupicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rupicola">
<emphasis id="42E90F655D4B4F0779540D025BB4EA8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. rupicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="874BD095E5DC9750728CE0E2D5346367" lsidName="A. caricis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caricis">
<emphasis id="62DDB0F582CE72EB079FB9E15158AB3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. caricis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="7B534DB19701CF0B2DDCB5CEB858171E" lsidName="A. inexpectus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inexpectus">
<emphasis id="6A29F3F95E8A40460D8BD64CFE7F21D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. inexpectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Logunov and Kronsestedt 1997).
<taxonomicName id="39BDCC3520CF1E0C29011DD4645B6846" authorityName=", restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola" baseAuthorityName="Emerton" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus sylvestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="A95F2E597531D1E410E43E419AB44191" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attulus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4CF041C6DE5EEF70B1967900FECB4B1A" lsidName="A. caricis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caricis">
<emphasis id="D013294EA3654A857ABF170AF3397097" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. caricis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in appearance (low-contrast brown markings), in having a small loop of the copulatory duct, and small body size, but differs in brighter markings on the palp, a more anteriorly-placed junction where the ducts enter the spermatheca, a larger epigynal RTA coupling pocket, and a more distinctly swollen bulb of the spermatheca. (They are also distinct on the COI tree, Fig.
<figureCitation id="E3A3E4D28DD61F57E96D1F447B45BFFC" captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 104. Relationships among Attulus floricola mitochondrial COI sequences in the context of the floricola group. Specimens in bold had their relationships constrained by the UCE phylogeny of Fig. 48; not shown are the relationships outside the floricola group, which are fixed to match the UCE phylogeny. The placement of non-bold specimens on this constrained skeletal tree was inferred by maximum likelihood (RAxML, codon positions as separate partitions)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397991" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">104</figureCitation>
.) The synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="BCF686575B9532EF2B37434BE7A98823" lsidName="magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="7680EA29FEC72929951653BB5DA61718" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be determined by its original description and
<normalizedToken id="F8A2CC30A7CF09DFD3588EB513FB6F37" originalValue="Prószyńskis">Proszynski's</normalizedToken>
(1980) excellent drawing of the vulva of the holotype female. The female from Texas tentatively identified by
<normalizedToken id="BF5323A60333A04FBA9A9101B5E908A9" originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
(1980: 15, figs 58, 59) as
<taxonomicName id="DF3DEAECF086F0B800105B1886DB9D5C" lsidName="S. rupicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rupicola">
<emphasis id="07125801CA68276F636DCBEAA54938E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rupicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered here to be
<taxonomicName id="B847141225DC54E6DE533E1B18CC7400" lsidName="S. sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="93D4AE8B4255F044EB5CB25F0531BEA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on his clear drawings showing the loop of the copulatory duct slightly bigger than typical, but not reaching nearly as far to the posterior as in
<taxonomicName id="CD203DB9B2315C7D3C28FC051BD2F66E" lsidName="S. rupicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rupicola">
<emphasis id="03A383184D4CD729F4E9BF78BBA405DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rupicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B4F96B8059567C73AC5BB86AA4A2077" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="86BEC2C64078FA05287B1F9EBCBB7AC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D513329B28487ED96AC5EB41F7EF198" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(all in UBC-SEM except as indicated): Canada: Ontario: Ottawa, Britannia Bay,
<geoCoordinate id="B6EC7D4872877F257F2C8E197EB003C9" degrees="45.374" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="45.374">45.374</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F5723FAABDDF58ABD000A5880463E8ED" degrees="75.796" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-75.796">-75.796</geoCoordinate>
(26 males, 3 females), Long Point, 42.53, -80.12 (2 females); U.S.A.: Maryland: Dorchester Co. (1 male 1 female, MCZ); Colorado: Morgan Co., Fort Morgan (1 female); California: Smith Redwoods State Reserve (1 male),
<geoCoordinate id="CDF786922AF646462496520ECA1F31FB" degrees="36.3907" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.3907">36.3907</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5002151A799A1EC9BFA075A04E78E005" degrees="121.5951" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-121.5951">-121.5951</geoCoordinate>
(2 females),
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,
<geoCoordinate id="D7BA3A1CA52EF793E8FA4E9C17B87B4F" degrees="121.5614" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-121.5614">-121.5614</geoCoordinate>
(1 male, 4 females).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>