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<mods:title id="72C05F00519D766755AB3580D7E82F6B">Et latet et lucet: Discoveries from the Phyletisches Museum amber and copal collection in Jena, Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5545BCE3F7E88569316D0A6184B1B10B">Bock, Bernhard L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F90391C3BE41EF3B8E8D11043EDA039B">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E1EC55508E9FC66B865EF036F4721BF">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany &amp; Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="99607C5144121B0A7D1581695112A325">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany &amp; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919 - 1 Tancha, Onna son, 904 - 0495, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="6BF07318348ADFFEDEDA75C5AB987A28">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="9179A0220307AFA8581C4BE520F74180">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany &amp; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th &amp; Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0DEC9B1D252157B0DB1C57453420F2C4">Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany &amp; Institute for Anatomie I, Jena University Hospital, Teichgraben 7, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3EF4F19683F93FE165E71A65E84B8167">Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="52C98F2784384A86A8286F5291B3D075">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="7643611FB56B51BE8A35D59586950D48" ID-GBIF-Taxon="225766423" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:031A69F6-4431-4C53-9898-73728761C2C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7643611FB56B51BE8A35D59586950D48" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" scope_family="Amphientomidae" scope_subFamily="Amphientominae">
<subSubSection id="8AB25E4D67D52103E3BE06D0333741F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="53C7C3DC893202FEED02F3A55106D70B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
Genus †
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C258AD63CB130F469030AA4C160B2AAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5969248A21087E9BC8F86B7CA27DB8F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="type species">
<paragraph id="1856E464BF2EE11E1DB0046646C7AF27" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="919419029FF2C5395D1E27F942FF5A0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
†
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<emphasis id="AE54027417D83F24F23BB46B361563CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Eo. mengei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mayr, 1868) by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1E4C0BDB6E672E3A6782EE297454D56" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="notes">
<paragraph id="D4F11A09533340DB6DB10E39585F599F" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9674A8ACBE402F0B79498DF9825D580" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="7F8F4CCD13BD077148231A2FCBF3AA64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName id="E3C9BB0571B26D859293E198C5B9A229" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1878" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="tribe" tribe="Camponotini">Camponotini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3EB22CA688D3C262A540284D518D690" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
3.3.2.4. Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="2E4595071E48CBEEBCE2324E46AAF5C6" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="589B1E4DB131F1110EC140EAF986C1BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
3.3.2.4.1. Genus
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<emphasis id="6C3174C189ACC61EB8C64A5319DB5E35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lund, 1831
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="349808C0A172E227D4AFB76CA8B8864D" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
I. Species retained in
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<emphasis id="056DABF284F01CCEEB2372CFD4C00140" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA84544633426A0130FF334E7FE89626" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Copal fossil: Identifiable to species:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C51A782FF681627759DCF529DA3351ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
A. African copal [Holocene, &lt;36 Kya (
<bibRefCitation id="1130FF6A79DF69629B04117656050709" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76808-6" author="Solorzano-Kraemer, MM" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecologische Nachrichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B297" refString="Solorzano-Kraemer, MM, Delclos, X, Engel, MS, Penalver, E, 2020. A revised definition for copal and its significance for palaeontological and Anthropocene biodiversity-loss studies. Scientific Reports 10: 19904. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76808-6" title="A revised definition for copal and its significance for palaeontological and Anthropocene biodiversity-loss studies. Scientific Reports 10: 19904." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76808-6" year="2020">
<normalizedToken id="6AAA8AC8E5CB87E5F38675132C3478BE" originalValue="Solórzano-Kraemer">Solorzano-Kraemer</normalizedToken>
et al. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="638F6F992BA0E71B2127DF6AF7F21BA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
1.
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<emphasis id="5C4F8202D2FFDDDA03550DED1764637D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Cre.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. THIS STUDY. [w].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B8B6ECCD1673811A7BFA1782CCBA049" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
II. Fossils excluded from
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<emphasis id="C1483EE084B1AA934E365283B41955CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DF6892DBD5033F7E7868D3C971CF819" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
Genus †
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<emphasis id="A201622DDAFB19244796C4E4742A236D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Incertogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boudinot, gen. nov.,
<emphasis id="784B6BEA737CC24DA69DD20AE6CBFE7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">incertae sedis</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName id="D13DE541F31A3411765F7144D08F5C17" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
. [Note 1].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C547E31C1CD56DD73F9AB9659C258467" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
Type species: †
<taxonomicName id="A1D9541CF5DD4DD95CFB44F4F3AAA489" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Inc. primitiva" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primitiva">
<emphasis id="DDEC105D0BEA22DB6BCC224DD08BBD5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Inc. primitiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Radchenko &amp; Dlussky, 2019), by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FCD5B691B2D20E236CCA7078835616D" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B. Kishenehn formation [USA, Montana; 47.8-41.3 Mya].</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99B5370A9DA2A86B30E0302B64E3230B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
(1.) †
<taxonomicName id="A1BFAF97A9185209B2A22CB957C3E7CB" authorityName="Larson &amp; Roughley in Larson, Alarie &amp; Roughley" authorityYear="2000" lsidName="In. aurora" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="7D95F9D5767D7C7FF7B6C6FDB47D1330" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LaPolla &amp; Greenwalt, 2015). [q]. [Note 2]. Comb. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0CC8B03B3721C30487EC54A2445B90C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C. Rovno amber [Ukraine; Eocene, 38.0-33.9 Mya].</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E6429778B4F46EF10197A3918D1F5CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
(2.) †
<taxonomicName id="F23DB094E440A8759DD1A5F1790DC59A" lsidName="In. praecursor" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="praecursor">
<emphasis id="98EDBDE196CF15F2868BD6FF7D98EB20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. praecursor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Emery, 1891). [m]. [Note 3]. Comb. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70E3B13D4FD037A0D80772D5D1F55D31" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">D. Sicilian amber [Italy; Oligocene, 11.6-5.3 Mya].</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDF599F5CB5B2FF34ADACD24AA573D25" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
(3.) †
<taxonomicName id="EE4A60D1E860EC80C5C943FA08341B29" lsidName="In. primitiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="primitiva">
<emphasis id="E50979FC0B6871070157992BE147ADCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. primitiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Radchenko &amp; Dlussky, 2019). [m]. [Note 3]. Comb. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21F9643861DBCECA0B9A832C4D26BC04" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="D6ABE991D1A07A7CB431F48B98BAF559" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Note 1.</emphasis>
We erect the explicit catchall taxon †
<taxonomicName id="17995198E1CB30D87FB2C98151891168" authorityName="Boudinot" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Amphientomidae" genus="Incertogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Incertogaster" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6793BD1124E0430AAB59572BBD53D922" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Incertogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov., into which we place †
<taxonomicName id="C0584B1265B64F8D085C9B92BE632204" authorityName="Larson &amp; Roughley in Larson, Alarie &amp; Roughley" authorityYear="2000" lsidName="In. aurora" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="24D7DA0CD0F6B29D27322BFCBD8AB153" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov., †
<taxonomicName id="F5AED34804E6680E85CD34FC80367512" lsidName="In. praecursor" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="praecursor">
<emphasis id="471DC0D514D0FEA85AA05CA7E6CE08F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. praecursor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov., and †
<taxonomicName id="20FAB8B78DE05EA5ED52777E3C89691F" lsidName="In. primitiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="primitiva">
<emphasis id="AD0CF9EC415BB389D43F5FD6F619D7D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. primitiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. We do so in order to recognize that these latter two species are not meaningfully placeable in
<taxonomicName id="A72C896178310AA6A516B25D4A6DCBB0" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0DC8CDB9100814079D8D406AC80584C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on their preserved morphologies, and that †
<taxonomicName id="FDD6C3DFB9D9C3D9743AC42A2DB85190" authorityName="Larson &amp; Roughley in Larson, Alarie &amp; Roughley" authorityYear="2000" lsidName="In. aurora" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="12E7C28B71FA30E1DD5999FD7534E9E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
requires renewed attention. We choose †
<taxonomicName id="B3C3FC01182F355B5F4A17EC1829B6C3" lsidName="In. primitiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="primitiva">
<emphasis id="9C41A91B6B83C3E847AA5E67F7266AF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. primitiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the type species as the specimen of †
<taxonomicName id="874E2E3F9DF480B8470C4CECB2103701" lsidName="In. praecursor" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="praecursor">
<emphasis id="37A4AF18C8CA401CB5D065BAA39554F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. praecursor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by Emery is likely lost (see, e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="ABD273EF9417029D3F360CC314458E40" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12181" author="Boudinot, BE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="658 - 671" refId="B41" refString="Boudinot, BE, Probst, RS, Brandao, CRF, Feitosa, RM, Ward, PS, 2016. Out of the Neotropics: Newly discovered relictual species sheds light on the biogeographical history of spider ants (Leptomyrmex, Dolichoderinae, Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 41: 658 - 671, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12181" title="Out of the Neotropics: Newly discovered relictual species sheds light on the biogeographical history of spider ants (Leptomyrmex, Dolichoderinae, Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12181" volume="41" year="2016">Boudinot et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
), and as the compression fossils require revised scrutiny and may be placeable in other genera, whether extant or extinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F77B1AC073935C5F1A8F908AB923E78" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="CCEF3E96732FD96CB56C49FF00D9AE2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Note 2.</emphasis>
†
<taxonomicName id="E2F73921EF794106F07DDB20213E5A2D" authorityName="LaPolla &amp; Greenwalt" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster aurora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="E7B8A475D50326AE62C58B2BAE21823B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the oldest fossil attributed to the genus and is the most difficult to critique due to its highly suggestive but incomplete preservation. While we are uncertain about the placement of the fossil in
<taxonomicName id="E6CEFC2825FD7B20204619448BACF3E9" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="759F73243F2407E034F8A2FC9FEB66D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the apparently axial postpetiolar helcium (
<emphasis id="D1A2F0CB7A9CB13DBA20D6FB6B2BD8A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">i.e.</emphasis>
, located at about mid-height of AIV rather than atop AIV) and the unknown antennomere count, the specimen does indeed lack a vertically oriented petiolar node, at least as preserved. To prevent the use of this fossil for divergence dating analysis while the preserved anatomy is reevaluated, we transfer the species forming †
<taxonomicName id="39D0295AE1EAAD97F1018F7E1DB3FA4C" authorityName="Larson &amp; Roughley in Larson, Alarie &amp; Roughley" authorityYear="2000" lsidName="In. aurora" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="4E35E01D17C97D4AEE0F7E993EDE926F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. We hope that additional specimens may be found, or the known specimens are subjected to documentation using advanced techniques. One of the authors (BEB) examined both the type and the paratype of †
<taxonomicName id="0D5C67C607FAC5A87FB0EDF5BF4D2CA7" authorityName="Larson &amp; Roughley in Larson, Alarie &amp; Roughley" authorityYear="2000" lsidName="In. aurora" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="A3E706784EEAE450E580DB67FC9321C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the USNM and observed that the paratype differed substantially, having (possibly) antennal scrobes but more importantly a lateromedially narrow postpetiole that was anteriorly attached to abdominal segment IV (metasomal III). Additionally, this specimen possibly had a 2-3-merous antennal club. Altogether, this raises doubt about the attribution of the paratype to †
<taxonomicName id="D4E1FE1BB795D5D43FB75DAD0021F899" authorityName="Larson &amp; Roughley in Larson, Alarie &amp; Roughley" authorityYear="2000" lsidName="In. aurora" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="B2AE5259C8A8E1549AF5188B59E5B1D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. aurora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which remains of uncertain identification at present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3CFAEC93BD44D92AD7D67AB30C86BE7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B60A5088F0098B9603A2BA89966058E1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Note 3.</emphasis>
The amber-preserved males described by Emery as †
<taxonomicName id="6B41D815900832148CDECFBA5FCDD442" lsidName="In. praecursor" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="praecursor">
<emphasis id="A70BC0A4F74B6BAABE2A7345FE0F364E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. praecursor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. and Radchenko &amp; Dlussky as †
<taxonomicName id="1882A9DC6366206D0762B377685910E0" lsidName="In. primitiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="primitiva">
<emphasis id="1CC1FEFE1053035830C050C6B9799D30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">In. primitiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. are unlikely to be representatives of either the stem or crown of the genus
<taxonomicName id="030F40729221E068E4BA13BE93131EBF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0E11FBEFE5631622BBD4E58348F0AD56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are
<emphasis id="3CCC643B7FE12D23D834AFFAED6A2732" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">incertae sedis</emphasis>
in the
<taxonomicName id="2371BA3D8032263ED5BA9404BD70FDA5" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
within †
<taxonomicName id="97678CC301D0AA91600437E0E9B5D95F" authorityName="Boudinot" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Amphientomidae" genus="Incertogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Incertogaster" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23C1A0EEE4B719E5811AFAABB5BEB63D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Incertogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both specimens have 13-merous antennae, while all
<taxonomicName id="0CA0EF98C05DA318D71A725A1069E3F3" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CB9D282D903F2EC2898D7BE2411E37B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males examined by the lead author have antennae that are 10-12-merous (
<bibRefCitation id="59EBB737AAD6B6D8F815C2C6CC3FE02B" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 370" refId="B35" refString="Bolton, B, 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370" title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae." volume="71" year="2003">Bolton 2003</bibRefCitation>
, p. 286; BEB, unpubl. data). Other diagnostic features include the short scape, which is ≤ 2
<normalizedToken id="574D81E7CDBAF61544AC66AB3240A28B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of the pedicel, the pedicel shape, which is globular rather than cylindrical, and the mandibles, which are reduced or otherwise vestigial; the anterodorsal position of the postpetiolar helcium on abdominal segment IV can be difficult to discern. Unfortunately, Emery did not illustrate the wings or the face of †
<taxonomicName id="60AB156AC3CE1C6935D8BF84682F8A6F" lsidName="Cr. praecursor" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="praecursor">
<emphasis id="BBAEA2253EE443817F1D447042E81D46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Cr. praecursor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so the fossil may need to be considered unidentifiable, hence subjectively invalid, if the specimen does not resurface. †
<taxonomicName id="3D32DDBA97874A435A0BCAB6E593A93D" authorityName="Radchenko &amp; Dlussky" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster primitiva" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primitiva">
<emphasis id="E97D7A57ADDD4E0101418AEE7D8832C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster primitiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on the other hand, is well illustrated; its scapes are about 4
<normalizedToken id="D89696CA76BF5A5213C212A5950A8FD0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of the pedicels, and the pedicels are not swollen or globular in shape. The mesosoma of this fossil (PMJ Pa 5824) is large and the mesoscutum is impressed, as in many
<taxonomicName id="C14B31A3EBF921172A7FC41406C3F750" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4D175252C09C17061918F328C4336AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the long and strongly nodiform petiole also contradict placement in that genus. At present, we cannot confidently attribute †
<taxonomicName id="4BF37BD4327A7CBDCC68C061B305E8F0" lsidName="Cr. primitiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="primitiva">
<emphasis id="A88ACB5CF3ADE5BF2587C0CE92F77BFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Cr. primitiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to any valid generic taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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