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<mods:title id="DBB38DD666DF5AC76A4DEF2B15191ABD">Aspidistra yuelushanensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Hunan, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="799B3B91ACFBDC879D2E6925B2B75C95">Deng, Chuang-Fa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="12F88346189F3469C4CA43AE6797411F">Wu, Lei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="503AA136A79632F197BFB92C9908B4DB">College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China. &amp; wuleiibk @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1451 - 7855</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="186E237662BD7FC00B0E3A0E8E00B214">Yu, Xun-Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40A4B6ACE7F050E792865D9372C93A3F">Xu, Yong-Fu</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FF7AFF4CFE17FE97" bold="true" box="[136,437,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Aspidistra yuelushanensis</emphasis>
L.Wu &amp; X.L.Yu
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(
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&amp; 
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).
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— 
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, under the evergreen forest, 
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et al. 19031901
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!, isotypes 
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!, 
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<paragraph id="FD3D36B1FFE7FFB2FF7AFE10FA29FCEA" blockId="4.[136,1452,424,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
Herbs perennial, evergreen, rhizomatous. Rhizome creeping, subterete, 
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in diam. Roots numerous. Vaginal leaves 5, purplish red, 
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long, becoming fibrous remnants covering the stem. Leaves solitary, 1.0– 
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apart; petiole stiff upright, 
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long, adaxially sulcate; blades elliptic-lanceolate, 28–45 × 
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, base cuneate, inequilateral, tapering to petioles, apex acuminate, margin entire, glabrous; midvein prominent at abaxial surface. Scape decumbent or declining, lightly purple reddish, 0.5–8.0 cm long, with 4–6 bracts; bracts broadly ovate, 7–8 × 
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, purple. Flower solitary; perigone campanulate, fleshy, 
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long, 
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in diam., abaxially purple-reddish; tube 
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long, 8.0– 
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in diam., adaxially with most portion purple-reddish; lobes 6, slightly recurved, adaxially yellow-whitish or pale purple-reddish, triangular-lanceolate, 
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long, 2.5–4.0 mm at base, apex obtuse or acute, each with 2 keels. Stamens 6, opposite to perigone lobes, inserted at ca. 2.0 mm from the base of the tube; filaments ca. 
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long, ca. 
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in diam., purple-reddish; anthers oblong-elliptical, dorsifixed, pale yellow, elliptic, ca. 
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long, ca. 
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wide. Pistil ca. 
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long; ovary inconspicuous; style purple-reddish or white, ca. 
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long; stigma enlarged, obconical, ca. 5.0 mm in diam., upper surface purplereddish, densely papillose, with 3 radial, usually bifurcate grooves, 3-lobed, lobes deeply concave. Fruit unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B598653AFFE7FFB2FF4FFCC4FD4BFC46" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="FD3D36B1FFE7FFB2FF4FFCC4FC37FC22" blockId="4.[136,1452,424,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FF4FFCC4FEEAFC0E" bold="true" box="[189,328,892,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet is derived from the 
<typeStatus id="22398813FFE7FFB2FCDBFCC5FCFBFC0F" box="[809,857,893,919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">type</typeStatus>
locality, viz., Yuelu mountain. The Chinese name of the new species is ‘yùe-lù-shān-zhī-zhū-bào-dàn (
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FD45FC19FCD9FC20" bold="true" box="[695,891,929,952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">岳#山¢%抱¶</emphasis>
)’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD3D36B1FFE7FFB2FF4FFC7CFD4BFC46" blockId="4.[136,1452,424,1891]" box="[189,745,964,991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FF4FFC7CFEE1FC46" bold="true" box="[189,323,964,990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Phenology:</emphasis>
—It flowers from February to March.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B598653AFFE7FFB2FF4FFC50FC76F8FA" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FD3D36B1FFE7FFB2FF4FFC50FDFFFB42" blockId="4.[136,1452,424,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FF4FFC50FE4BFB9A" bold="true" box="[189,489,1000,1026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
—Until now, 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FD8FFC50FC3DFB9A" authorityName="L. Wu &amp; X. L. Yu" authorityYear="2021" box="[637,927,1000,1026]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yuelushanensis">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FD8FFC50FC3DFB9A" box="[637,927,1000,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Aspidistra yuelushanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are only found in three sites, all of which are for landscaping, viz., Yuelu Mountain (Central South University of Forestry and Technology and 
<collectingRegion id="3F46F853FFE7FFB2FB53FBB5FB4EFBBF" box="[1185,1260,1037,1063]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Hunan</collectingRegion>
Forest Botanical Garden). We consulted the staff of 
<collectingRegion id="3F46F853FFE7FFB2FDE9FB89FDC4FBD3" box="[539,614,1073,1099]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Hunan</collectingRegion>
Forest Botanical Garden and were told that the detailed introduction site was lost in their information bank of introduction. However, a retired worker of the garden who mainly worked on introduction was sure that the individuals were collected from the typical hilly red soil region around Changsha in his memories. We have tried to look for the wild individuals for several times, but failed. Therefore, a further field investigation is necessary for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD3D36B1FFE7FFB2FF4FFB5CFA87FAF2" blockId="4.[136,1452,424,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FF4FFB5CFE14FB66" bold="true" box="[189,438,1252,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Specimens examined</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="22398813FFE7FFB2FE37FB5CFD97FB66" box="[453,565,1252,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):— 
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<collectingCountry id="85957621FFE7FFB2FDACFB5CFD19FB66" box="[606,699,1252,1278]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">CHINA</collectingCountry>
. 
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: 
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, 
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, 
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and 
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, 
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, 
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. Deng et al. 20032701
</emphasis>
(
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, 
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. 
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. Deng et al. 20032801
</emphasis>
(
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!); 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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. 
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. Deng et al. 20040201
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(
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!)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD3D36B1FFE7FFB2FF4FFACCFC76F8FA" blockId="4.[136,1452,424,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FF4FFACCFE49FA16" bold="true" box="[189,491,1396,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Taxonomic relationships:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FDF5FACCFC89FA16" authorityName="L. Wu &amp; X. L. Yu" authorityYear="2021" box="[519,811,1396,1422]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yuelushanensis">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FDF5FACCFC89FA16" box="[519,811,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Aspidistra yuelushanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FC4CFACCFB77FA17" authority="He &amp; Xu" authorityName="He &amp; Xu" box="[958,1237,1396,1423]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chishuiensis">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FC4CFACCFBC4FA16" box="[958,1126,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A. chishuiensis</emphasis>
He &amp; Xu
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FB0BFACDFF1EFA2A" author="Xu, W. F. &amp; He, S. Z. &amp; Yang, L." pageId="4" pageNumber="187" pagination="118 - 120" refId="ref5038" refString="Xu, W. F., He, S. Z. &amp; Yang, L. (2010) Aspidistra chishuiensis (Ruscaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 47: 118 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.5735 / 085.047.0205" type="journal article" year="2010">
Xu 
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FAD1FACDFAF9FA16" box="[1315,1371,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
(2010: 118)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FF3AFA20FE7CFA2B" authority="Lin &amp; Yang" authorityName="Lin &amp; Yang" box="[200,478,1432,1459]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FF3AFA20FEF1FA2A" box="[200,339,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A. tenuifolia</emphasis>
Lin &amp; Yang
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FDF0FA21FCAFFA2A" author="Meng, T. &amp; Yang, J. C. &amp; Tang, W. X. &amp; Pan, B. &amp; Lin, C. R." box="[514,781,1432,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" pagination="289 - 293" refId="ref4268" refString="Meng, T., Yang, J. C., Tang, W. X., Pan, B. &amp; Lin, C. R. (2014) Aspidistra tenuifolia (Asparagaceae), a new species from China. Phytotaxa 161: 289 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 161.4.4" type="journal article" year="2014">
Meng 
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FDB8FA21FD21FA2A" box="[586,643,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
(2014: 289)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FCB6FA20FBF8FA2A" authority="He &amp; Sun" authorityName="He &amp; Sun" box="[836,1114,1432,1459]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pingfaensis">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FCB6FA20FC41FA2A" box="[836,995,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A. pingfaensis</emphasis>
He &amp; Sun
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FB8CFA20FAC7FA2A" author="Sun, Q. W. &amp; Xu, W. F. &amp; He, S. Z." box="[1150,1381,1432,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" refId="ref4480" refString="Sun, Q. W., Xu, W. F., He, S. Z. (2014) A new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 178: 033 - 037. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 178.1.3" type="journal volume" year="2014">
Sun 
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FB42FA21FB4BFA2A" box="[1200,1257,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
(2014: 33)
</bibRefCitation>
in the shape of the flowers. However, the new species differs from the 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FC92FA04FBABFA4E" box="[864,1033,1468,1494]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chishuiensis">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FC92FA04FBABFA4E" box="[864,1033,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A. chishuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by its stamens inserted at the base (vs. adnate to the middle) of perianth tube, filaments spreading horizontally or slightly upward and enlarged (vs. sessile), perianth lobes slightly outcurved (vs. slightly incurved), from 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FC68F9BCFB86F986" box="[922,1060,1540,1566]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FC68F9BCFB86F986" box="[922,1060,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A. tenuifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its stamens facing the ovary (vs. opposite to perigone lobes) and from 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FDDCF990FD6FF9DA" box="[558,717,1576,1602]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pingfaensis">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FDDCF990FD6FF9DA" box="[558,717,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A. pingfaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its leaf blade 28–45 × 4.5–8 (vs. 45−65 × 2−2.8) cm, stigma 5 (vs. 8−9) mm in diameter, densely papillose with 3 radial and bifurcate grooves (vs. slightly concave with 4 whitish radiate bifurcating lines). The new species is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FCB6F9C8FB19F913" authority="Hayata (1912: 145)" authorityName="Hayata" authorityPageNumber="145" authorityYear="1912" box="[836,1211,1648,1675]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FCB6F9C8FC72F912" box="[836,976,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A. attenuata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FC2BF9C9FB19F913" author="Hayata, B." box="[985,1211,1648,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" refId="ref3637" refString="Hayata, B. (1912) Icones Plantarum Formosanarumosa Vol. 2. Government of Formosa, pp. 145 - 146." type="book" year="1912">Hayata (1912: 145)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from the latter mainly in its leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate (vs. oblanceolate, oblique), 28–45 × 4.5–8 (vs. 55–103 × 8.2–10.5) cm, perianth 14–19 × 13–17.5 (vs. ~26 × 35–40) mm, perianth lobes slightly outcurved (vs. reflexed), monocyclic (vs. usually in 2 whorls), stigma 3- (vs. 3- or 4-) lobed at margin, stigma 5 (vs. 6–13) mm in diameter. The detailed comparisons of the similarities are presented in 
<tableCitation id="B000030AFFE7FFB2FD69F8B8FD4CF882" box="[667,750,1792,1818]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,224,607,633]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison among Aspidistra yuelushanensis, A. chishuiensis, A. tenuifolia, A. pingfaensis and A. attenuata." pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Table 1</tableCitation>
. So far, 9 species of 
<taxonomicName id="3A824D32FFE7FFB2FC20F8B8FBE7F882" authorityName="Ker-Gawler" authorityYear="1822" box="[978,1093,1792,1818]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FC20F8B8FBE7F882" box="[978,1093,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Aspidistra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are recorded in 
<collectingRegion id="3F46F853FFE7FFB2FB0AF8B9FA09F882" box="[1272,1451,1792,1819]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Hunan province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FF7DF89CFEF3F8A6" author="Wang, F. Z. &amp; Tang, J. &amp; Chen, X. Q. &amp; Zhang, Z. Y. &amp; Dai, L. K. &amp; Liang, S. J. &amp; Tang, Y. C. &amp; Liu, L. &amp; Lang, K. Y." box="[143,337,1828,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" refId="ref4903" refString="Wang, F. Z., Tang, J., Chen, X. Q., Zhang, Z. Y., Dai, L. K., Liang, S. J., Tang, Y. C., Liu, L. &amp; Lang, K. Y. (1978) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Vol. 15. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 18 - 24." type="book" year="1978">
Wang 
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FF2AF89DFEABF8A6" box="[216,265,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 1978
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FEA9F89CFDF6F8A6" author="Liang, S. Y. &amp; Tamura, M. N." box="[347,596,1828,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" pagination="240 - 250" refId="ref3817" refString="Liang, S. Y. &amp; Tamura, M. N. (2000) Aspidistra. In: Wu, Z. Y. &amp; Raven, P. H. (Ed.) Flora of China 24. Science Press, Beijing &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 240 - 250." type="book chapter" year="2000">Liang &amp; Tamura 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FDACF89CFD5EF8A6" author="Qi, C. J. &amp; Yu, X. L." box="[606,764,1828,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" refId="ref4446" refString="Qi, C. J. &amp; Yu, X. L. (2002) A survey of Hunan seed plants. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 493 pp." type="book" year="2002">Qi &amp; Yu 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FCF4F89DFC63F8A6" author="Deng, T. &amp; Zhang, D. G. &amp; Chen, G. X. &amp; Zhu, G. Y. &amp; He, H. S." box="[774,961,1828,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" pagination="166 - 169" refId="ref3584" refString="Deng, T., Zhang, D. G., Chen, G. X., Zhu, G. Y. &amp; He, H. S. (2010) Supplemental description and karyotype of Aspidistra fenghuangensis (Convallariaceae). Guihaia 30: 166 - 169." type="journal article" year="2010">
Deng 
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FCBBF89DFC23F8A6" box="[841,897,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="99134B40FFE7FFB2FC3EF89CFB25F8A7" author="Zhou, J. J. &amp; Zhou, D. &amp; Li, M. &amp; Zhou, H. &amp; Liu, Y. Z. &amp; Yu, X. L." box="[972,1159,1828,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" pagination="35 - 38" refId="ref5153" refString="Zhou, J. J., Zhou, D., Li, M., Zhou, H., Liu, Y. Z. &amp; Yu, X. L. (2015) Ten newly recorded species of spermatophyte in Hunan Province. Hunan Forestry Science &amp; Technology 42: 35 - 38. http: // doi. org / 10.3969 / j. issn. 1003 - 5710.2015.03.009" type="journal article" year="2015">
Zhou 
<emphasis id="CFF6EAA3FFE7FFB2FBFFF89DFB9FF8A6" box="[1037,1085,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). To better understand and identify the species from 
<collectingRegion id="3F46F853FFE7FFB2FE57F8F1FE50F8FB" box="[421,498,1865,1891]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Hunan</collectingRegion>
, a classification key is presented as follow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>