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<mods:title id="5E48FD20733AC7E0A39681C9148CB0F4">Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF18C30FF25FC12951523BB" ID-CoL="6ZB99" authority="Fauvel, 1909" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,574,943,970]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF25FC1296B323B8" bold="true" box="[151,408,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Spirodiscus grimaldii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF18C30FE12FC0D951523BB" author="Fauvel" box="[416,574,944,970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Fauvel, P. (1909) Deuxieme note preliminaire sur les polychetes provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la princesse Alice ou deposes dans le Musee oceanographique de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institute Oceanographique, 142, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1909">Fauvel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF18C30FF25FC6F97D7239A" box="[151,252,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1766,1788]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,195,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[244,1343,195,1751]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. External morphology of polygonal serpulid tubes. Recent species: A— Spirodiscus grimaldii, R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 78. B, C— Bathyditrupa hovei, R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 79. D— Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov., R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 79. E— Bathyvermilia gregrousei sp. nov., R / V VITYAZ, St. 5074. F— Hyalopomatus dieteri sp. nov., R / V JEAN CHARCOT, cruise BIOCAL, St. CP 27. G— Zibrovermilia zibrowii gen. et sp. nov., R / V ALIS, cruise MUSORSTOM 6, St. CP 438. Fossil tubes: H, I— Nogrobs cf. vermicularis, PIN 5485 / 23. J – K— Glandifera cf. vertebralis, spirally coiled juvenile tube with median keel running along the lateral tube side, PIN 5485 / 02. L, M— Glandifera cf. vertebralis, a fragment of straight adult tube with regular peristomes, PIN 5485 / 01. N, O— Tetraserpula barremica, PIN 5485 / 06. P, Q— Tetraditrupa canteriata, PIN 5485 / 04. R – T— Tubulostium discoideum, ARI Od 224 / 70 (the specimen figured by Chiplonkar &amp; Tapaswi, 1973, pl. 11, fig. 15)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235031/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Figures 1</figureCitation>
A, 4, 5
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF25FBA7965B2441" box="[151,368,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Spirodiscus grimaldii</emphasis>
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: 56
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–57, fig. 4.
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF18C30FF25FB849659243E" ID-CoL="6ZB99" box="[151,370,1081,1103]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF25FB849659243E" box="[151,370,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Spirodiscus grimaldii</emphasis>
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.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF18C30FE22FB84953F243E" author="Fauvel" box="[400,532,1081,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Fauvel, P. (1914) Annelides non pelagiques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse Alice (1885 - 1910). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince, Albert I, 46, 1 - 432." type="journal article" year="1914">Fauvel 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 335
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–338, pl. 29, fig.7–21.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF18C30FCF3FB8494EF243E" author="Belloc" box="[833,964,1081,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Belloc, G. (1953) Catalogue des types de polychetes du Musee oceanographique de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 1027, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1953">Belloc 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 8
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.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF18C30FC45FB84923A243E" author="Hartman" box="[1015,1297,1081,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Hartman, O. &amp; Fauchald, K. (1971) Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Part 2. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 6, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="1971">Hartman &amp; Fauchald 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 183
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[in part, R/V ATLANTIS-II, St. 119 only, see Kupriyanova &amp; Nishi 2011 for discussion of 
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material].— in 
<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFF18C30FF53FBCB969E24FD" author="Zibrowius" box="[225,437,1142,1164]" page="299" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF18C30FF53FBCB96AD24FD" author="Zibrowius" box="[225,390,1142,1164]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Zibrowius, H. (1977) Review of Serpulidae (Polychaeta) from depths exceeding 2000 meters. In: Reish, D. J. &amp; Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on polychaetous annelids in memory of Dr. Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, California, pp. 289 - 305." type="book chapter" year="1977">Zibrowius 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 299
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[comments on 
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material].—in 
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Garcia-Diez 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FB30FBC5939E24FD" box="[1154,1205,1142,1165]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
: 44
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: [name only].—in 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF18C30FEB2FB28968324DA" author="Fabri" box="[256,424,1173,1195]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Fabri, M. - C., Galeron, J., Larour, M. &amp; Maudire, G. (2006) Combining the biocean database for deep-sea benthic ecological data with the online Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 316, 215 - 224. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 316215" type="journal article" year="2006">
Fabri 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FE8EFB2B964424DA" box="[316,367,1173,1195]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
2006
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[database name only].
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF18C30FF25FB09962824BB" ID-CoL="84KRW" box="[151,259,1204,1226]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Serpulidae</taxonomicName>
A.— 
<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFF18C30FE8BFB09955A24BB" author="Maurer" box="[313,625,1204,1226]" page="692" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF18C30FE8BFB09951524BB" author="Maurer" box="[313,574,1204,1226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Maurer, D. &amp; Williams, S. (1988) Deep-sea Polychaetous Annelida from Central America to the Antarctic Peninsula and South Sandwich Islands. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 73, 659 - 701. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19880730607" type="journal article" year="1988">Maurer &amp; Williams 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 692
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.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF18C30FF25FB6F96272499" ID-CoL="84TS9" box="[151,268,1234,1256]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF25FB6F96272499" box="[151,268,1234,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Spirodiscus</emphasis>
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.—ten 
<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFF18C30FEE3FB6E96D12499" author="Hove" box="[337,506,1234,1256]" page="189" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" year="1984">
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: 189
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[mentioned specimen off the 
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Islands].
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF18C30FF25FB4C96792576" ID-CoL="47M6F" box="[151,338,1265,1287]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Nogrobs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF25FB4C96792576" box="[151,338,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Nogrobs grimaldii</emphasis>
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.—ten 
<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFF18C30FE24FB4F95F92576" author="Hove" box="[406,722,1265,1287]" page="68" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" year="2009">
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: 68
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–69, fig. 31; Kupriyanova &amp; Nishi 2011: 2, fig. 1.
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF25FA899654253C" bold="true" box="[151,383,1332,1357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Material examined.</emphasis>
Prince of 
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, cruises 1896, 1902, off Azores: St. 1334, 
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, 
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(1 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFF18C30FEA2FAE5964C2501" box="[272,359,1368,1392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
in tube 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FE72FAEA95322501" bold="true" box="[448,537,1367,1392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FE72FAEA95322501" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[448,537,1367,1392]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MNHN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FD92FAE5954D2501" box="[544,614,1368,1392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">POLY</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="23008840FFF18C30FDDEFAE59599251E" box="[620,690,1368,1391]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FDDEFAE59599251E" box="[620,690,1368,1391]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">TYPE</collectionCode>
</typeStatus>
237, 4 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFF18C30FCB7FAE594412501" box="[773,874,1368,1392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, including 3 tubes and 1 spec. without tube 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FAE3FAEA92B72501" bold="true" box="[1361,1436,1367,1392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FAE3FAEA92B72501" box="[1361,1436,1367,1392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/cx5v-6vpi" name="Musee Oceanographique Monaco" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MOM</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
18 0883); St. 698, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FEDFFAC196CB25E4" box="[365,480,1404,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1896-07-18">18.7.1896</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FE5FFAC1956125E5" box="[493,586,1404,1428]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="39.183334">39°11'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FDEAFAC195F025E5" box="[600,731,1404,1428]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="15" value="30.744444">30°44'40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FD5AFAC1941425E5" box="[744,831,1404,1429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.846" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="1846.0">1846 m</quantity>
(2 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFF18C30FCD5FAC094E225E4" box="[871,969,1405,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
in tubes and 4 tube fragments 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FA9EFAC1925D25E4" bold="true" box="[1324,1398,1404,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FA9EFAC1925D25E4" box="[1324,1398,1404,1429]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/cx5v-6vpi" name="Musee Oceanographique Monaco" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MOM</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
18 0475); St. 683, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FEE8FA22969525C9" box="[346,446,1439,1464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1896-07-07">7.7.1896</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FE63FA1D951B25C9" box="[465,560,1440,1464]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="38.333332">38°20'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FDF1FA2295E725C9" box="[579,716,1439,1464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="15" value="-28.079168">28°04'45&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FD6DFA22941725C6" box="[735,828,1439,1464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</quantity>
(3 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FC04FA22932B25C9" bold="true" box="[950,1024,1439,1464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FC04FA22932B25C9" box="[950,1024,1439,1464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/cx5v-6vpi" name="Musee Oceanographique Monaco" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MOM</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
); St. 703, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FB3EFA2293D425C9" box="[1164,1279,1439,1464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1896-07-19">19.7.1896</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FAA3FA1D92BC25C9" box="[1297,1431,1440,1464]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="15" value="39.355553">39°21'20&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FF25FA79960A25AC" box="[151,289,1476,1501]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="15" value="-31.095835">31°05'45&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FE9FFA79965D25AD" box="[301,374,1476,1501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</quantity>
(3 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FE6CFA79950325AC" bold="true" box="[478,552,1476,1501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FE6CFA79950325AC" box="[478,552,1476,1501]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/cx5v-6vpi" name="Musee Oceanographique Monaco" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MOM</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
); St. 719, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FD10FA79943E25AC" box="[674,789,1476,1501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1896-07-27">27.7.1896</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FC93FA79945425AD" box="[801,895,1476,1500]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="39.183334">39°11'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FC3EFA79933D25AC" box="[908,1046,1476,1501]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="15" value="-30.404167">30°24'15&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FB90FA79935325AD" box="[1058,1144,1476,1501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
(3 spec. 
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FB53FA79920025AC" box="[1249,1323,1476,1501]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/cx5v-6vpi" name="Musee Oceanographique Monaco" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FB53FA79920025AC" bold="true" box="[1249,1323,1476,1501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MOM</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
); St. 738, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FF25FA5A97D02671" box="[151,251,1511,1536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1896-08-07">7.8.1896</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FEB5FA55964E2671" box="[263,357,1512,1536]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="37.666668">37°40'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FEC3FA5A96D02671" box="[369,507,1511,1536]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="15" value="-26.4375">26°26'15&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FDB5FA559577258E" box="[519,604,1512,1536]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.919" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="1919.0">1919 m</quantity>
(1 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FD73FA5A94202671" bold="true" box="[705,779,1511,1536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FD73FA5A94202671" box="[705,779,1511,1536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/cx5v-6vpi" name="Musee Oceanographique Monaco" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MOM</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF18C30FF75F9B195ED2639" blockId="12.[151,1436,1332,2005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
R/V ATLANTIS-II, off 
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFF18C30FE5DF9B195722654" box="[495,601,1548,1573]" name="Bermuda" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
, cruise 24: St. A119, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FCC4F9B194C22654" box="[886,1001,1548,1573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1966-08-19">19.8.1966</date>
, 32°15.8' to 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FB22F9B1922F2654" box="[1168,1284,1548,1573]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="32.268333">32°16.1'N</geoCoordinate>
, 64°31.6' to 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FF25F99296252639" box="[151,270,1583,1608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="-64.543335">64°32.6'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FEA8F992969E2636" box="[282,437,1583,1608]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.159" metricValueMax="2.223" metricValueMin="2.0949999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="2159.0" valueMax="2223.0" valueMin="2095.0">2095–2223 m</quantity>
(2 tubes 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FDAEF992959D2639" bold="true" box="[540,694,1583,1608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">LACM-AHF</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF18C30FF75F9E997E826C5" blockId="12.[151,1436,1332,2005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
Bathyscaph ARCHIMEDE, cruise 1969, Azores: Dive 12, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FCD2F9E994F9261C" box="[864,978,1620,1645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1969-08-19">19.8.1969</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FC6DF9E99378261D" box="[991,1107,1620,1644]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="38.05">38°03.0'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FBEDF9E993FC261C" box="[1119,1239,1620,1645]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="-25.471666">25°28.3'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FB51F9E99256261D" box="[1251,1405,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.11" metricValueMin="1.9899999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2110.0" valueMin="1990.0">1990–2110 m</quantity>
(1 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF6AF9CA961B26E1" bold="true" box="[216,304,1655,1680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FF6AF9CA961B26E1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[216,304,1655,1680]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MNHN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FE8BF9C5964526FE" box="[313,366,1656,1679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">PNT</collectionCode>
37); Dive 15, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FDA7F9CA95A326E1" box="[533,648,1655,1680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1969-08-29">29.8.1969</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FD27F9C5942226E1" box="[661,777,1656,1680]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="37.336666">37°20.2'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FCA4F9CA94A526E1" box="[790,910,1655,1680]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="-25.458334">25°27.5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FC28F9C594DA26FE" box="[922,1009,1656,1680]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
(1 spec. in broken tube 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FAB4F9CA927426E1" bold="true" box="[1286,1375,1655,1680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FAB4F9CA927426E1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1286,1375,1655,1680]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MNHN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FAD5F9C592B726FE" box="[1383,1436,1656,1679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">PNT</collectionCode>
38).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF18C30FF75F97D92B727A5" blockId="12.[151,1436,1332,2005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
R/V 
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FF4EF97D96E526A9" box="[252,462,1728,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">JEAN CHARCOT</collectionCode>
, cruise BIACORES, Azores: St. 54A, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FCC8F97D94D126A9" box="[890,1018,1728,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1971-10-13">13.10.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FBB4F97D934F26A9" box="[1030,1124,1728,1752]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="38.2">38°12'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FBC2F90293F926A9" box="[1136,1234,1727,1752]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="-28.25">28°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FB6FF97D921926A6" box="[1245,1330,1728,1752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="1810.0">1810 m</quantity>
(1 empty tube 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF61F9599607268C" bold="true" box="[211,300,1764,1789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FF61F9599607268C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[211,300,1764,1789]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MNHN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FE85F9589647268D" box="[311,364,1765,1788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">PNT</collectionCode>
34); St. 86, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FDBBF95995A2268D" box="[521,649,1764,1788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1971-10-17">17.10.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FD2BF9599426268C" box="[665,781,1764,1789]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="39.425">39°25.5'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FCACF95994BE268C" box="[798,917,1764,1789]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="-28.025">28°01.5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FC17F95994D4268D" box="[933,1023,1764,1789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="1670.0">1670 m</quantity>
(1 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FBC0F95993E0268C" bold="true" box="[1138,1227,1764,1789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FBC0F95993E0268C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1138,1227,1764,1789]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MNHN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FB64F9589220268D" box="[1238,1291,1765,1788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">PNT</collectionCode>
35); St. 92, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FF25F8B5963C2751" box="[151,279,1800,1824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1971-10-17">17.10.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FE91F8BA96BD2751" box="[291,406,1799,1824]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="39.058334">39°03.5'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FE10F8BA95312751" box="[418,538,1799,1824]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="-28.458334">28°27.5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FD97F8BA9552276E" box="[549,633,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
(10 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FD5EF8BA946E2751" bold="true" box="[748,837,1799,1824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FD5EF8BA946E2751" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[748,837,1799,1824]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">MNHN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FCF9F8B594AB276E" box="[843,896,1800,1823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">PNT</collectionCode>
36, 7 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FBB6F8BA93192751" bold="true" box="[1028,1074,1799,1824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">AM</emphasis>
W.46395, 1 spec. used for 
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FAD0F8B592B72751" box="[1378,1436,1800,1824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">SEM</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF25F89197EE2734" bold="true" box="[151,197,1836,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">AM</emphasis>
W.46396); St. 95, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FE11F89195082735" box="[419,547,1836,1860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1971-10-18">18.10.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FD83F891958E2734" box="[561,677,1836,1861]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="39.058334">39°03.5'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FD01F89194002734" box="[691,811,1836,1861]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="-28.425">28°25.5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FC8BF89194BA2735" box="[825,913,1836,1860]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="2440.0">2440 m</quantity>
(5 spec. AM W.46397, 5 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FAB1F89192B72734" bold="true" box="[1283,1436,1836,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FAB1F891927A2734" box="[1283,1361,1836,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">NBCL</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FAE9F89192B72734" box="[1371,1436,1836,1861]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">ZMA</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
V.P o l 5548, 5 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FEC7F8F2969B2719" bold="true" box="[373,432,1871,1896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FEC7F8F2969B2719" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[373,432,1871,1896]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">SMF</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
23974, 5 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FDD2F8F295E52719" bold="true" box="[608,718,1871,1896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FDD2F8F295E52719" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[608,718,1871,1896]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FD67F8ED94082719" box="[725,803,1872,1896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">ANEA</collectionCode>
2015.922–926, 5 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FB9FF8F293EC2719" bold="true" box="[1069,1223,1871,1896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">LACM-AHF</emphasis>
Poly 7020, 5 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF25F8C997C127FC" bold="true" box="[151,234,1908,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FF25F8C997C127FC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,234,1908,1933]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">USNM</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
1283057); St. 120, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FE6FF8C9957527FD" box="[477,606,1908,1932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1971-10-20">20.10.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FDDCF8C995C927FC" box="[622,738,1908,1933]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="39.058334">39°03.5'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FD41F8C9944027FC" box="[755,875,1908,1933]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="-32.725">32°43.5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FCCEF8C994FD27FD" box="[892,982,1908,1932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
(1 empty tube 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FB27F8C993FB27FC" bold="true" box="[1173,1232,1908,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FB27F8C993FB27FC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[1173,1232,1908,1933]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">SMF</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
23975); St. 126, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FF25F825963C27C1" box="[151,279,1944,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1971-10-23">23.10.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FE90F82A96BC27C1" box="[290,407,1943,1968]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="39.325">39°19.5'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FE13F825952F27C1" box="[417,516,1944,1968]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="-32.783333">32°47'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FDBDF82A954827DE" box="[527,611,1943,1968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="3360.0">3360 m</quantity>
(6 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FD74F82A942A27C1" bold="true" box="[710,769,1943,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FD74F82A942A27C1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[710,769,1943,1968]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">SMF</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
23976); St. 171, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FC73F825931927C1" box="[961,1074,1944,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1971-01-11">1.11.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FB8CF82A939A27C1" box="[1086,1201,1943,1968]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="92" value="37.975">37°58.5'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FB0FF82A923427C1" box="[1213,1311,1943,1968]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="-26.116667">26°07'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FA98F82A925527DE" box="[1322,1406,1943,1968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.215" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="3215.0">3215 m</quantity>
(1 spec. 
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FF69F801963D27A4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[219,278,1980,2005]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FF69F801963D27A4" bold="true" box="[219,278,1980,2005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">SMF</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
23977); St. 173, 
<date id="88051022FFF18C30FE55F801957227A5" box="[487,601,1980,2004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1971-02-11">2.11.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FDDAF80195E327A4" box="[616,712,1980,2005]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="37.95">37°57'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF18C30FD65F801941127A4" box="[727,826,1980,2005]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="-26.133333">26°08'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF18C30FCFBF801948927A5" box="[841,930,1980,2005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.225" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="3225.0">3225 m</quantity>
(4 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF18C30FBA1F801938627A4" bold="true" box="[1043,1197,1980,2005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FBA1F801934A27A4" box="[1043,1121,1980,2005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">NBCL</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF18C30FBDEF801938627A4" box="[1132,1197,1980,2005]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">ZMA</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
V. P o l 5547, 3 spec.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF25FF2A94682089" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF25FF2A961A20C1" bold="true" box="[151,305,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">LACM-AHF</emphasis>
Poly 7019); St. 174, 
<date id="88051022FFF08C31FD9AFF2595B120C1" box="[552,666,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1971-02-11">2.11.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FD14FF2A942D20C1" box="[678,774,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="925" value="38.1">38°06'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FCA1FF2A945E20C1" box="[787,885,151,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="925" value="-26.25">26°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FC31FF2A933420DE" box="[899,1055,151,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.075" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="3.05" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="3075.0" valueMax="3100.0" valueMin="3050.0">3050–3100 m</quantity>
(3 empty tubes 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FB68FF2A923D20C1" bold="true" box="[1242,1302,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FB68FF2A923D20C1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[1242,1302,151,176]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">SMF</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
23978); St. 206, 
<date id="88051022FFF08C31FF6AFF01966220A5" box="[216,329,188,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1971-07-11">7.11.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FEECFF01969620A5" box="[350,445,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="925" value="37.35">37°21'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FE60FF01956120A4" box="[466,586,188,213]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="92" value="-26.475">26°28.5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FDECFF01942920A5" box="[606,770,188,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0905" metricValueMax="2.096" metricValueMin="2.085" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2090.5" valueMax="2096.0" valueMin="2085.0">2085–2096 m</quantity>
(1 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FC31FF01949520A4" bold="true" box="[899,958,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FC31FF01949520A4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[899,958,188,213]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">SMF</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
23979); St. 227, 
<date id="88051022FFF08C31FB16FF01920F20A5" box="[1188,1316,188,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1971-10-11">10.11.1971</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FA8AFF0192BC20A5" box="[1336,1431,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="925" value="37.166668">37°10'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FF25FF6296252089" box="[151,270,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="92" value="-26.325">26°19.5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FEA8FF62969E2086" box="[282,437,223,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" metricValueMax="2.18" metricValueMin="2.16" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2170.0" valueMax="2180.0" valueMin="2160.0">2160–2180 m</quantity>
(2 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FDA8FF6295842089" bold="true" box="[538,687,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FDA8FF6295432089" box="[538,616,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">NBCL</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FDDCFF6295842089" box="[622,687,223,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">ZMA</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
V.P o l 5546).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FEB9953121F9" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
R/V MARION DUFRESNE, cruise MD50, Amsterdam Island: St. 5-DC34, 
<date id="88051022FFF08C31FB22FEB99228216C" box="[1168,1283,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1986-07-13">13.7.1986</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FAA9FEB992BC216D" box="[1307,1431,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="9" value="-37.672165">37°40.33'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FF25FE9A963D2131" box="[151,278,295,320]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="9" value="77.50833">77°30.50'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FE95FE9596A9214E" box="[295,386,296,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
(2 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FE45FE9A957B2131" bold="true" box="[503,592,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FE45FE9A957B2131" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[503,592,295,320]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">MNHN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FDEEFE9595BA214E" box="[604,657,296,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">PNT</collectionCode>
33); same, cruise MD32, 
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFF08C31FC63FE9A931B2131" box="[977,1072,295,320]" name="Réunion" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Reunion</collectingCountry>
Island: St. DR104, 
<date id="88051022FFF08C31FA97FE9592B32131" box="[1317,1432,296,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1982-08-30">30.8.1982</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FF25FEF1962D2114" box="[151,262,332,357]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="92" value="-20.81">20°48.6'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FEA0FEF196A82114" box="[274,387,332,357]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="92" value="55.023335">55°01.4'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FE3DFEF195012115" box="[399,554,332,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8975" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="1.875" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="1897.5" valueMax="1920.0" valueMin="1875.0">1875–1920 m</quantity>
(1 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FD22FEF195E02114" bold="true" box="[656,715,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FD22FEF195E02114" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[656,715,332,357]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">SMF</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
23980); St. DR139, 
<date id="88051022FFF08C31FC04FEF193302115" box="[950,1051,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1982-09-03">3.9.1982</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FB94FEF193BD2114" box="[1062,1174,332,357]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="92" value="-20.775">20°46.5'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FB13FEF192392114" box="[1185,1298,332,357]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="92" value="55.638332">55°38.3'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FAACFEF1978621F6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5875" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.575" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="1587.5" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1575.0">1575–1600 m</quantity>
(1 empty old tube 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FE33FED2969721F9" bold="true" box="[385,444,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FE33FED2969721F9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[385,444,367,392]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">SMF</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
23981).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FE29953221A1" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
R/V LE SUROIT, cruise SEAMOUNT 2, Atlantis Seamount: St. TS 267: 
<date id="88051022FFF08C31FBA0FE29935D21DD" box="[1042,1142,404,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1993-02-04">4.2.1993</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FB31FE29922D21DD" box="[1155,1286,404,428]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="9" value="34.37467">34°22.48'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FAA0FE2992B321DD" box="[1298,1432,404,428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="9" value="-30.374666">30°22.48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FF25FE0A97C721BE" box="[151,236,439,464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.235" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2235.0">2235 m</quantity>
(1 spec. 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FEE3FE0A968121A1" bold="true" box="[337,426,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FEE3FE0A968121A1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[337,426,439,464]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">MNHN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FE02FE0596CE21BE" box="[432,485,440,463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">PNT</collectionCode>
32).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FE6195A22269" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
R/V VITYAZ-2, south-west of Azores, St. 78, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FD66FE61947F2185" box="[724,852,476,501]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="15" value="34.683613">34º41′1” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFF08C31FCD2FE6194C82185" box="[864,995,476,501]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="15" value="-40.635002">40º38′6” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FC5DFE61936F2185" box="[1007,1092,476,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.16" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="3160.0">3160 m</quantity>
(1 tube prepared for 
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FA81FE6192462185" box="[1331,1389,476,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">SEM</collectionCode>
and for X-ray diffraction analysis 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FE56FE42953F2269" bold="true" box="[484,532,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFF08C31FE56FE42953F2269" box="[484,532,511,536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">PIN</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
5485/10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4A16569FFF08C31FF75FD99921E2627" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="description">
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FD9993762281" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FD999672224C" bold="true" box="[199,345,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FED0FD9996BC224C" box="[354,407,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Tube</emphasis>
: white opaque, free-lying, its most obvious part clockwise coiled into a flat spiral of 2.5 whorls (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FF40FDFA961A2211" box="[242,305,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1766,1788]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,195,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[244,1343,195,1751]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. External morphology of polygonal serpulid tubes. Recent species: A— Spirodiscus grimaldii, R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 78. B, C— Bathyditrupa hovei, R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 79. D— Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov., R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 79. E— Bathyvermilia gregrousei sp. nov., R / V VITYAZ, St. 5074. F— Hyalopomatus dieteri sp. nov., R / V JEAN CHARCOT, cruise BIOCAL, St. CP 27. G— Zibrovermilia zibrowii gen. et sp. nov., R / V ALIS, cruise MUSORSTOM 6, St. CP 438. Fossil tubes: H, I— Nogrobs cf. vermicularis, PIN 5485 / 23. J – K— Glandifera cf. vertebralis, spirally coiled juvenile tube with median keel running along the lateral tube side, PIN 5485 / 02. L, M— Glandifera cf. vertebralis, a fragment of straight adult tube with regular peristomes, PIN 5485 / 01. N, O— Tetraserpula barremica, PIN 5485 / 06. P, Q— Tetraditrupa canteriata, PIN 5485 / 04. R – T— Tubulostium discoideum, ARI Od 224 / 70 (the specimen figured by Chiplonkar &amp; Tapaswi, 1973, pl. 11, fig. 15)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235031/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). However, initial tube straight, with circular cross-section (these posterior parts always broken off and lost, at best parts about 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FE7DFDD1953B22F5" box="[463,528,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long may be preserved), growing straight upwards, abruptly turning to flat spiral perpendicular to initial tube, and with cross-section becoming quadrangular. Anterior tube part straight, pointing away from spiral in plane of coiling, smooth and circular in cross-section. Sides of quadrangular section flat to slightly convex. Outer convex side of spiral part with a median rib. Peristomes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FD4192AE239C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FD41968A2364" box="[199,417,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Tube ultrastructure</emphasis>
: wall unilayered, structure is mostly irregularly oriented prismatic (IOP). Inner wall part (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FF2DFCA297C82349" box="[159,227,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,193,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[209,1378,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus grimaldii. A – J: PIN 5485 / 10, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer of crystals oriented in two directions subparallel to surface, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part showing consolidated isometric crystals, E—tube cross-section, median rib clearly visible to the left, F—enlarged tube wall section through lateral keel, G—enlarged tube wall section through median keel, H—enlarged inner wall part, I—middle wall part, J—outer wall part, layer with two-direction crystal orientation resembling a pile of isometric crystals. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviation: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235034/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D, H) made of more or less isometric crystals up to 0.5 µm in diameter. Middle part consisting of crystals of rice grain-like shape (length 2–2.5 µm, diameter 0.5 µm) loosely oriented parallel to tube surface (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FB46FCF99213232D" box="[1268,1336,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,193,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[209,1378,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus grimaldii. A – J: PIN 5485 / 10, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer of crystals oriented in two directions subparallel to surface, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part showing consolidated isometric crystals, E—tube cross-section, median rib clearly visible to the left, F—enlarged tube wall section through lateral keel, G—enlarged tube wall section through median keel, H—enlarged inner wall part, I—middle wall part, J—outer wall part, layer with two-direction crystal orientation resembling a pile of isometric crystals. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviation: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235034/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C, I) and thus ultrastructure is transforming to semi-ordered irregularly oriented prismatic (SOIOP). Outer part of wall made of larger crystals (length 3–3.5 µm, diameter 1 µm), oriented subparallel to tube surface (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FBCEFC3193EB23D5" box="[1148,1216,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,193,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[209,1378,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus grimaldii. A – J: PIN 5485 / 10, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer of crystals oriented in two directions subparallel to surface, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part showing consolidated isometric crystals, E—tube cross-section, median rib clearly visible to the left, F—enlarged tube wall section through lateral keel, G—enlarged tube wall section through median keel, H—enlarged inner wall part, I—middle wall part, J—outer wall part, layer with two-direction crystal orientation resembling a pile of isometric crystals. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviation: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235034/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B, J). Neighbouring crystals with the same orientation may form “packets” (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FCB9FC12947B23B9" box="[779,848,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,193,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[209,1378,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus grimaldii. A – J: PIN 5485 / 10, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer of crystals oriented in two directions subparallel to surface, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part showing consolidated isometric crystals, E—tube cross-section, median rib clearly visible to the left, F—enlarged tube wall section through lateral keel, G—enlarged tube wall section through median keel, H—enlarged inner wall part, I—middle wall part, J—outer wall part, layer with two-direction crystal orientation resembling a pile of isometric crystals. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviation: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235034/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
J), such pattern sometimes can present in the middle part of wall (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FE95FC699647239D" box="[295,364,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,193,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[209,1378,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus grimaldii. A – J: PIN 5485 / 10, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer of crystals oriented in two directions subparallel to surface, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part showing consolidated isometric crystals, E—tube cross-section, median rib clearly visible to the left, F—enlarged tube wall section through lateral keel, G—enlarged tube wall section through median keel, H—enlarged inner wall part, I—middle wall part, J—outer wall part, layer with two-direction crystal orientation resembling a pile of isometric crystals. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviation: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235034/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
Fig. 
<date id="88051022FFF08C31FEEEFC699647239D" box="[348,364,980,1004]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">4</date>
</figureCitation>
I), but with smaller crystals and less definite orientation. Parabolic growth lamellae indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FC4A948B2461" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" box="[199,928,1015,1044]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FC4A96A62461" box="[199,397,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Tube mineralogy:</emphasis>
8% calcite (I calc=12), 92% aragonite (I arag=134).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FBA394EE2446" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" box="[199,965,1054,1080]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FBA3965D2446" box="[199,374,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Radiolar crown</emphasis>
: radiole arrangement semi-circular, up to 8 per lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FBFF9386240E" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FBFF9604242A" box="[199,303,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Peduncle</emphasis>
: pinnulated, without distal wings, with outer groove distally, with or without constriction beneath ampulla; inserted as second right radiole, up to 3 times as wide as other radioles (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FB97FBDB934C240E" box="[1061,1127,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,197,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[195,1388,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of Spirodiscus grimaldii AM W. 46396. A—lateral view of entire animal, B—close-up view of the thorax, C—collar chaetae, D—thoracic uncini, E—thoracic uncini, F—anterior abdominal chaeta, G—abdominal uncini." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A, B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FB3797CD24B6" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FB37966F24D2" box="[199,324,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Operculum</emphasis>
: inverse cone (ampulla) with chitinous endplate and central depression (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FBC1FB37939E24D2" box="[1139,1205,1162,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,197,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[195,1388,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of Spirodiscus grimaldii AM W. 46396. A—lateral view of entire animal, B—close-up view of the thorax, C—collar chaetae, D—thoracic uncini, E—thoracic uncini, F—anterior abdominal chaeta, G—abdominal uncini." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). Pseudoperculum absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FB6F9321250A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FB6F9633249A" box="[199,280,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Thorax</emphasis>
: with 6 thoracic chaetigerous segments, 5 of which uncinigerous (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FBBDFB6F9379249A" box="[1039,1106,1234,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,197,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[195,1388,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of Spirodiscus grimaldii AM W. 46396. A—lateral view of entire animal, B—close-up view of the thorax, C—collar chaetae, D—thoracic uncini, E—thoracic uncini, F—anterior abdominal chaeta, G—abdominal uncini." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A, B). Collar non-lobed with entire edge, no clear separation towards thoracic membranes that end at second chaetiger. No apron. Collar chaetae and remaining thoracic chaetae limbate, of two sizes; 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF08C31FD47FAA6944E2543" box="[757,869,1307,1330]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FD47FAA6944E2543" box="[757,869,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Apomatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
chaetae absent (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FBADFAA793492542" box="[1055,1122,1306,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,197,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[195,1388,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of Spirodiscus grimaldii AM W. 46396. A—lateral view of entire animal, B—close-up view of the thorax, C—collar chaetae, D—thoracic uncini, E—thoracic uncini, F—anterior abdominal chaeta, G—abdominal uncini." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C, D). Thoracic uncini sawto-rasp-shaped with numerous teeth (&gt; 12) in profile, 4–5 teeth per row above flattened gouged anterior peg, one tooth per row posteriorly (dental formula P:4:4:4:3:3:2:1:1:1:1:1:1:1)(
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FC25FADF94C3250A" box="[919,1000,1378,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,197,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[195,1388,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of Spirodiscus grimaldii AM W. 46396. A—lateral view of entire animal, B—close-up view of the thorax, C—collar chaetae, D—thoracic uncini, E—thoracic uncini, F—anterior abdominal chaeta, G—abdominal uncini." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FA3B921E2596" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FA3B961A25EE" box="[199,305,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Abdomen</emphasis>
: with up to 40 chaetigers. Chaetae short, with flat triangular denticulate blade (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FB5FFA3B921E25EE" box="[1261,1333,1414,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,197,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[195,1388,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of Spirodiscus grimaldii AM W. 46396. A—lateral view of entire animal, B—close-up view of the thorax, C—collar chaetae, D—thoracic uncini, E—thoracic uncini, F—anterior abdominal chaeta, G—abdominal uncini." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
F). Long posterior capillary chaetae absent. Uncini similar to thoracic ones, but rasp-shaped, dental (formula P:6:5:5: 4:4:4:3:3:3:2:2:2:2) (
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFF08C31FE30FA7396EF2596" box="[386,452,1486,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,197,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[195,1388,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of Spirodiscus grimaldii AM W. 46396. A—lateral view of entire animal, B—close-up view of the thorax, C—collar chaetae, D—thoracic uncini, E—thoracic uncini, F—anterior abdominal chaeta, G—abdominal uncini." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
G). Achaetous anterior abdominal zone absent. Posterior glandular pad absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75FA4E921E2627" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75FA4E97DF267B" box="[199,244,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Size</emphasis>
: total body length up to 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FDA6FA4E954C267B" box="[532,615,1523,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, including up to 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FC9EFA4F94AF267B" box="[812,900,1522,1547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long radioles, width of thorax up to 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FA9DFA4F92B2267B" box="[1327,1433,1522,1547]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
. Diameter of tube spiral 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FE05F9AA9537265E" box="[439,540,1559,1583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
, tube outer diameter within coiled part 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FC4EF9AB93B3265E" box="[1020,1176,1558,1583]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.525" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.55 mm</quantity>
, corresponding lumen diameter 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FEB2F98096B32624" box="[256,408,1597,1622]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.4 mm</quantity>
. Thickness of tube wall in between angular margins about 1/10th of outer diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4A16569FFF08C31FF75F9DC92152608" box="[199,1342,1633,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C31FF75F9DC92152608" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" box="[199,1342,1633,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75F9DC964B260B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1633,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Distribution.</emphasis>
North Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean (Amsterdam Island, 
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFF08C31FC5BF9DC9363260B" box="[1001,1096,1633,1658]" name="Réunion" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Reunion</collectingCountry>
Island), 
<quantity id="3B439B07FFF08C31FB18F9DC92112608" box="[1194,1338,1633,1658]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.955" metricValueMax="3.55" metricValueMin="0.36" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="1955.0" valueMax="3550.0" valueMin="360.0">360–3550 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4A16569FFF08C2CFF75F93892AE240C" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF08C2CFF75F9389479216D" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1982]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FF75F938961026EF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1669,1694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF08C31FEF1F938951F26EF" box="[323,564,1669,1694]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FEF1F938951F26EF" box="[323,564,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Spirodiscus grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described and illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF08C31FC1DF938936526EF" author="Fauvel" box="[943,1102,1669,1694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Fauvel, P. (1909) Deuxieme note preliminaire sur les polychetes provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la princesse Alice ou deposes dans le Musee oceanographique de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institute Oceanographique, 142, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1909">Fauvel (1909)</bibRefCitation>
based on multiple specimens (
<typeStatus id="23008840FFF08C31FF2DF917962F26B3" box="[159,260,1706,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
) from two stations of the Prince of 
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFF08C31FD1EF917942326B0" box="[684,776,1706,1729]" name="Monaco" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Monaco</collectingCountry>
expeditions to the Azores (St. 698 and St. 1334). In the catalogue of the polychaete 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFF08C31FE57F973953E2697" box="[485,533,1742,1766]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
collection at 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FD0EF970942C2697" bold="true" box="[700,775,1741,1766]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">MOM</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF08C31FCABF97094932697" author="Belloc" box="[793,952,1741,1766]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Belloc, G. (1953) Catalogue des types de polychetes du Musee oceanographique de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 1027, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1953">Belloc (1953)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned material from four additional stations in the Azores (St. 683, 703, 719, 738), but did not provide any further information. These samples have been verified by Helmut Zibrowius (pers. comm.) who did not record the number of specimens in each sample (numbers of specimens were kindly provided by Michele Bruni, 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FC20F88494F72723" bold="true" box="[914,988,1849,1874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">MOM</emphasis>
), but confirmed them to be typical 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF08C31FA35F88797D42707" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FA35F88797D42707" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
already identified and labelled by Fauvel (labels are in his handwriting). However, specimens from these four stations did not appear to be the 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFF08C31FDF6F83F958D27EB" box="[580,678,1922,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF08C31FD7DF83F947F27EB" box="[719,852,1921,1946]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FD7DF83F947F27EB" box="[719,852,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bruni, 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF08C31FC04F83C932A27EB" bold="true" box="[950,1025,1921,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">MOM</emphasis>
, pers. comm.) as claimed by 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFF08C31FAE1F83C97CE27CF" author="Belloc" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Belloc, G. (1953) Catalogue des types de polychetes du Musee oceanographique de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 1027, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1953">Belloc (1953)</bibRefCitation>
. Kupriyanova &amp; Nishi (2011) followed Zibrowius (pers. comm.) who stated that the label of the 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFF08C31FA8EF81B924727CF" box="[1340,1388,1958,1982]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
at 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25FF2A97DB20C1" bold="true" box="[151,240,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">MNHN</emphasis>
did not indicate the station of origin, but suggested the specimens were likely to be from St. 1334, as no material from this station had been deposited at 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFD09FF01942D20A4" bold="true" box="[699,774,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">MOM</emphasis>
(Zibrowius, pers. comm.). However, the material from St. 1334 is present at 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFEDDFF6296912089" bold="true" box="[367,442,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">MOM</emphasis>
(Bruni, pers. comm.) and also the origin of the 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFED8C2CFC42FF5D936C2089" box="[1008,1095,224,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFBE3FF6293822089" bold="true" box="[1105,1193,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">MNHN</emphasis>
POLY 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFED8C2CFAB7FF5D92602086" box="[1285,1355,224,247]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">TYPE</typeStatus>
237 is clearly indicated as St. 1334 (Mezaine, 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFDE3FEB99582216C" bold="true" box="[593,681,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">MNHN</emphasis>
, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A8C4666AFFF38C32FF25F892924927AE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235034/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" targetBox="[209,1377,193,1816]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF38C32FF25F892924927AE" blockId="14.[151,1436,1839,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF38C32FF25F89296392735" bold="true" box="[151,274,1839,1861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Tube ultrastructures of 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF38C32FDB1F89295CF2734" box="[515,740,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF38C32FDB1F89295CB2734" box="[515,736,1839,1861]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">Spirodiscus grimaldii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A–J: 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF38C32FCADF88D94602734" bold="true" box="[799,843,1840,1861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">PIN</emphasis>
5485/10, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer of crystals oriented in two directions subparallel to surface, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part showing consolidated isometric crystals, E—tube cross-section, median rib clearly visible to the left, F—enlarged tube wall section through lateral keel, G—enlarged tube wall section through median keel, H—enlarged inner wall part, I—middle wall part, J—outer wall part, layer with two-direction crystal orientation resembling a pile of isometric crystals. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviation: o. s.—outer tube surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A8C4666AFFF28C33FF25F810924A2793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235035/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" targetBox="[195,1388,197,1935]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFF28C33FF25F810924A2793" blockId="15.[151,1436,1965,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF28C33FF25F810963F27B3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1965,1987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
SEM images of 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFF28C33FE76F81095B427B2" box="[452,671,1965,1987]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF28C33FE76F81095B427B2" box="[452,671,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Spirodiscus grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFF28C33FD15F81095FA27B3" bold="true" box="[679,721,1965,1986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">AM</emphasis>
W.46396. A—lateral view of entire animal, B—close-up view of the thorax, C—collar chaetae, D—thoracic uncini, E—thoracic uncini, F—anterior abdominal chaeta, G—abdominal uncini.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF75FE9A94BD22D9" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
The material (R/V JEAN CHARCOT, ZMA V.Pol. 3906) reported in ten 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFBA8FE95924C2131" author="Hove" box="[1050,1383,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Kupriyanova, E. K., Hove, H. A. ten, Sket, B., Zaksek, V., Trontelj, P. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2009) Evolution of the unique freshwater cave-dwelling tube worm Marifugia cavatica (Annelida: Serpulidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 7, 389 - 401. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200009990168" type="journal article" year="2009">Hove &amp; Kupriyanova (2009)</bibRefCitation>
was collected in 1971 from the Azores and thereby is almost topotypical. Recently, Kupriyanova &amp; Nishi (2011) summarised and refuted all previous records of 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFD01FECD941321F9" box="[691,824,367,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFD01FECD941321F9" box="[691,824,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">S. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and provided several new ones, including topotypical material from the Azores collected by R/V VITYAZ-2. 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFC91FE28938321DD" author="Hartman" box="[803,1192,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Hartman, O. &amp; Fauchald, K. (1971) Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Part 2. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 6, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="1971">Hartman &amp; Fauchald (1971: 183)</bibRefCitation>
reported 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFAA8FE2997D421A1" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFAA8FE2997D421A1" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Spirodiscus grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 3 stations in the western Atlantic. The specimen from R/V CHAIN, St. 100 from 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFAB0FE0A92B721A1" bold="true" box="[1282,1436,439,464]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">LACM-AHF</emphasis>
available to 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFE92FE6196CD2185" author="Zibrowius" box="[288,486,476,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Zibrowius, H. (1977) Review of Serpulidae (Polychaeta) from depths exceeding 2000 meters. In: Reish, D. J. &amp; Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on polychaetous annelids in memory of Dr. Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, California, pp. 289 - 305." type="book chapter" year="1977">Zibrowius (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, proved to be a straight tube of 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFCFBFE61930A2184" box="[841,1057,476,501]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Bathyditrupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hovei">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFCFBFE61930A2184" box="[841,1057,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Bathyditrupa hovei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Kupriyanova &amp; Nishi 2011). Material from R/V ATLANTIS-II stations not available to 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFCC9FE4293612269" author="Zibrowius" box="[891,1098,511,536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Zibrowius, H. (1977) Review of Serpulidae (Polychaeta) from depths exceeding 2000 meters. In: Reish, D. J. &amp; Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on polychaetous annelids in memory of Dr. Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, California, pp. 289 - 305." type="book chapter" year="1977">Zibrowius (1977)</bibRefCitation>
was re-examined by EKK (Kupriyanova &amp; Nishi 2011), who confirmed that it was also partly misidentified since R/V ATLANTIS-II, St. A118 did not contain 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFE2AFDFA95A62211" box="[408,653,583,608]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFE2AFDFA95A62211" box="[408,653,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Spirodiscus grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at all, whereas St. A119 contained two apparently empty coiled 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFA35FDF597D422F4" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFA35FDF597D422F4" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">S. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tubes mixed with tubes of two unidentified species. The material reported here as new records was obtained in the Indian Ocean, near 
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFED8C2CFDADFD32955522D9" box="[543,638,655,680]" name="Réunion" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Reunion</collectingCountry>
and Amsterdam Islands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF75FD09946A23D4" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
Kupriyanova &amp; Nishi (2011) provided a new record of two 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFC33FD09932822BC" box="[897,1027,692,717]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFC33FD09932822BC" box="[897,1027,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Spirodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens in spiral tubes from the Pacific Ocean (
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFEE2FD6A96C12281" bold="true" box="[336,490,727,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">LACM-AHF</emphasis>
collection), but stated that specific attribution of these animals was uncertain. According to ten 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFEEFFD40958D2365" author="Hove" box="[349,678,764,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Kupriyanova, E. K., Hove, H. A. ten, Sket, B., Zaksek, V., Trontelj, P. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2009) Evolution of the unique freshwater cave-dwelling tube worm Marifugia cavatica (Annelida: Serpulidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 7, 389 - 401. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200009990168" type="journal article" year="2009">Hove &amp; Kupriyanova (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, the specimens from off the Galapagos (
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFBC3FD4193982364" bold="true" box="[1137,1203,764,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">ZMA</emphasis>
V.Pol. 3859) belong to an undescribed species of 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFE6AFCA295712349" box="[472,602,799,824]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFE6AFCA295712349" box="[472,602,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Spirodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A specimen from the Pacific St. H361 of ECHO-1 survey (
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFB4BFCA292B82349" bold="true" box="[1273,1427,799,824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">LACM-AHF</emphasis>
) had a typical 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFE9EFCF99685232C" box="[300,430,836,861]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFE9EFCF99685232C" box="[300,430,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Spirodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFED8C2CFE07FCF896CC232C" box="[437,487,837,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
tube, with six thoracic chaetigers and a thick pinnulated peduncle bearing typical for this species operculum covered with a concave endplate. It might also belong to the same species as 
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFABCFCDA927B23F1" bold="true" box="[1294,1360,871,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">ZMA</emphasis>
V.P o l. 3859, and thus, further detailed comparative study is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF75FC1292AE240C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
The form of coiling typical for 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFD90FC0D958E23B9" box="[546,677,943,968]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFD90FC0D958E23B9" box="[546,677,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">S. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that found in some species of fossil 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFB77FC12920F23B9" box="[1221,1316,943,968]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Nogrobs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFB77FC12920F23B9" box="[1221,1316,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Nogrobs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFF25FC689661239C" box="[151,330,980,1005]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Nogrobs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vermicularis">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25FC689661239C" box="[151,330,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">N. vermicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFECEFC699507239D" author="Montfort" box="[380,556,980,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Montfort, D. de. (1808) Conchyliologie systematique et classification methodique des coquilles, 1. Coquilles univalves, cloisonees. Schoell, Paris, 409 pp." type="book" year="1808">Montfort, 1808</bibRefCitation>
(the 
<typeStatus id="23008840FFED8C2CFDDCFC6895B5239C" box="[622,670,981,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
species), 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFCAAFC6894BD239C" box="[792,918,980,1005]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Nogrobs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tumidus">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFCAAFC6894BD239C" box="[792,918,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">N. tumidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J. de 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFC5DFC6993EE239D" author="Sowerby" box="[1007,1221,980,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Sowerby, J. de C. (1829) The mineral conchology of Great Britain. Bd. 6. Arding, London, 250 p." type="book" year="1829">C. Sowerby, 1829</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFAA3FC6996E62461" authority="Stoliczka, 1868" authorityName="Stoliczka" authorityYear="1868" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Tubulostium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="discoideum">
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFAA3FC69963C2461" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Tubulostium discoideum</emphasis>
Stoliczka, 1868
</taxonomicName>
, that also have straight anterior tube parts. However, straight anterior parts are common for all free-lying spirally coiled medium-sized fossil genera, even those lacking tetragonal sections (
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFADEFBA092BE2445" box="[1388,1429,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">e.g.</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFF25FB8296722429" author="Regenhardt" box="[151,345,1087,1112]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Regenhardt, H. (1961) Serpulidae (Polychaeta Sedentaria) aus der Kreide Mitteleuropas, ihre okologische, taxonomische und stratigaphische Bedeutung. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg, 30, 5 - 115." type="journal article" year="1961">Regenhardt 1961</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 8, fig. 9, 12). In the also spirally coiled tubes of spirorbins, the initial tube parts (if preserved at all) are not perpendicular to the whorls, but more or less in line with them (compare 
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFBD6FBD99238240D" author="Malaquin" box="[1124,1299,1124,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Malaquin, A. (1904) Le Spirorbis pusillus du Terrain Houiller de Bruay. La formation du tube des Spirorbes et leur adaptation en eau douce a l'epoque houillere. Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord, Lille, 34, 68 - 74." type="journal article" year="1904">Malaquin 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 66 fig.1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>