542 lines
78 KiB
XML
542 lines
78 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3DB67CAF7CFBE008C7F3A3259C0E0D2F">Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="9ACC8D246BED89FBA698862E2C6A33C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7F6EFA4D2A5106FA388DE7BB2320EBC2">2015</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF25FB72946A249B" blockId="16.[151,833,1231,1291]" box="[151,833,1231,1258]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<heading id="A74C818EFFED8C2CFF25FB72946A249B" bold="true" box="[151,833,1231,1258]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFF25FB729598249B" ID-CoL="4Z7WV" authority="McIntosh, 1877" authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,691,1231,1258]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandicus" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25FB7296FD2498" bold="true" box="[151,470,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Spirodiscus groenlandicus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFE54FB6D9580249B" author="McIntosh" box="[486,683,1232,1258]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1877) Annelida. In: Jeffreys, JG (Ed.), Preliminary report on the biological results of a cruise in H. M. S." type="book" year="1877">McIntosh, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5FC578BFFED8C2CFD09FB6D946A249B" box="[699,833,1232,1258]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF25FB4F9667257B" blockId="16.[151,833,1231,1291]" box="[151,332,1266,1291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<figureCitation id="64802A67FFED8C2CFF25FB4F97D6257A" box="[151,253,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1766,1788]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,195,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[244,1343,195,1751]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. External morphology of polygonal serpulid tubes. Recent species: A— Spirodiscus grimaldii, R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 78. B, C— Bathyditrupa hovei, R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 79. D— Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov., R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 79. E— Bathyvermilia gregrousei sp. nov., R / V VITYAZ, St. 5074. F— Hyalopomatus dieteri sp. nov., R / V JEAN CHARCOT, cruise BIOCAL, St. CP 27. G— Zibrovermilia zibrowii gen. et sp. nov., R / V ALIS, cruise MUSORSTOM 6, St. CP 438. Fossil tubes: H, I— Nogrobs cf. vermicularis, PIN 5485 / 23. J – K— Glandifera cf. vertebralis, spirally coiled juvenile tube with median keel running along the lateral tube side, PIN 5485 / 02. L, M— Glandifera cf. vertebralis, a fragment of straight adult tube with regular peristomes, PIN 5485 / 01. N, O— Tetraserpula barremica, PIN 5485 / 06. P, Q— Tetraditrupa canteriata, PIN 5485 / 04. R – T— Tubulostium discoideum, ARI Od 224 / 70 (the specimen figured by Chiplonkar & Tapaswi, 1973, pl. 11, fig. 15)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235031/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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D, 6, 7
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||
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B4A16569FFED8C2CFF25FA86930925DD" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF25FA8695BA2521" blockId="16.[151,1347,1338,1452]" box="[151,657,1338,1361]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFF25FA8697CD2521" ID-CoL="cfd4836c-f934-4754-83f9-6a8de24bd945" box="[151,230,1339,1360]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Ditrypa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25FA8697CD2521" box="[151,230,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Ditrypa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[SiC!]
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFE98FA8795A62521" ID-CoL="36ZH2" authority="McIntosh, 1877: 219" authorityName="McIntosh" authorityPageNumber="219" authorityYear="1877" box="[298,653,1338,1360]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Ditrupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandica">
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFE98FA87969B2521" box="[298,432,1338,1360]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">groenlandica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFED8C2CFE04FA8795A62521" author="McIntosh" box="[438,653,1338,1360]" page="219" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" year="1877">
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFE04FA8795712521" author="McIntosh" box="[438,602,1338,1360]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1877) Annelida. In: Jeffreys, JG (Ed.), Preliminary report on the biological results of a cruise in H. M. S." type="book" year="1877">McIntosh, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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: 219
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF25FAE7957625FF" blockId="16.[151,1347,1338,1452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DCAB11CCFFED8C2CFF25FAE7957625FF" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFF25FAE79659251E" ID-CoL="36ZHC" box="[151,370,1369,1391]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Ditrypa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandica">
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25FAE79659251E" box="[151,370,1369,1391]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Ditrypa groenlandica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
|
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<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFED8C2CFE3DFAE4954A251E" author="McIntosh" box="[399,609,1369,1391]" page="509" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFE3DFAE49504251E" author="McIntosh" box="[399,559,1369,1391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1879) On the Annelida obtained during the cruise of H. M. S. Valorous to Davis Strait in 1875. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, New Series, 1, 499 - 511. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1878. tb 00663 b. x" type="journal article" year="1879">McIntosh 1879</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 509
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1A–B.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFED8C2CFD59FAE4949C251E" author="Hartman" box="[747,951,1369,1391]" page="573" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFD59FAE494AE251E" author="Hartman" box="[747,901,1369,1391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Hartman, O. (1959) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Part 2. Allan Hancock Foundation, Occasional Papers, 23, 354 - 628." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 573
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—1971: 1426.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFED8C2CFBD6FAE49215251E" author="Zibrowius" box="[1124,1342,1369,1391]" page="292" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFBD6FAE49220251E" author="Zibrowius" box="[1124,1291,1369,1391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Zibrowius, H. (1977) Review of Serpulidae (Polychaeta) from depths exceeding 2000 meters. In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on polychaetous annelids in memory of Dr. Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, California, pp. 289 - 305." type="book chapter" year="1977">Zibrowius 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 292
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFF25FAC4964225FF" box="[151,361,1400,1422]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Ditrupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gronlandica">
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||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25FAC4964225FF" box="[151,361,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Ditrupa grönlandica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFED8C2CFE35FAC5957225FF" author="Ditlevsen" box="[391,601,1400,1422]" page="732" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFE35FAC5950D25FF" author="Ditlevsen" box="[391,550,1400,1422]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Ditlevsen, H. (1914) Conspectus fauna Groenlandiae. Polychaete annelider. Meddelelser om Gronland, 23, 659 - 741." type="journal article" year="1914">Ditlevsen 1914</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 732
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF25FA2B930925DD" blockId="16.[151,1347,1338,1452]" box="[151,1058,1430,1452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DCAB11CCFFED8C2CFF25FA2B930925DD" box="[151,1058,1430,1452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFED8C2CFF10FA2B963625DD" ID-CoL="84NPV" box="[162,285,1430,1452]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Filogranula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF10FA2B963625DD" box="[162,285,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Filogranula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7D1A10F3FFED8C2CFED1FA2A958325DD" author="Hartman" box="[355,680,1430,1452]" page="182" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFED8C2CFED1FA2A955325DD" author="Hartman" box="[355,632,1430,1452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" refString="Hartman, O. & Fauchald, K. (1971) Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Part 2. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 6, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="1971">Hartman & Fauchald 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 182
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[in part, only in R/V CHAIN St. 85].
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4A16569FFED8C2CFF25FA64927A27D3" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF25FA649669264B" blockId="16.[151,1437,1497,2026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25FA6496AE2583" bold="true" box="[151,389,1497,1522]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
R/V DISCOVERY, cruise 92, North-East Atlantic, south-west of
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<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFED8C2CFB2BFA6493C62583" box="[1177,1261,1497,1522]" name="Ireland" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
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: St. 9756 #14,
|
||
<date id="88051022FFED8C2CFF25FA4096222667" box="[151,265,1533,1558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" value="1978-04-15">15.4.1978</date>
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,
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,
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,
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(
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFD79FA4094B52667" bold="true" box="[715,926,1533,1558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFC15FA4394DE2667" box="[935,1013,1534,1558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">ANEA</collectionCode>
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2015.972, 1 spec. prepared for
|
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<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFAD0FA4392B72667" box="[1378,1436,1534,1558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">SEM</collectionCode>
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<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25F99C97EE264B" bold="true" box="[151,197,1569,1594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">AM</emphasis>
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W.46398).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF75F9FB938626F3" blockId="16.[151,1437,1497,2026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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R/V
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, cruise ABYPLAINE: St. 10-DS10,
|
||
<date id="88051022FFED8C2CFCBFF9F89455262F" box="[781,894,1605,1630]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" value="1981-11-06">11.6.1981</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFC3CF9F89329262F" box="[910,1026,1605,1630]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="92" value="42.853333">42°51.2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFBA3F9F893A3262F" box="[1041,1160,1605,1630]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="92" value="-15.921667">15°55.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFED8C2CFB2AF9F8921C262C" box="[1176,1335,1605,1630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3149999999999995" metricValueMax="4.36" metricValueMin="4.27" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="4315.0" valueMax="4360.0" valueMin="4270.0">4270–4360 m</quantity>
|
||
(4 spec.
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF25F9D497DB26F3" bold="true" box="[151,240,1641,1666]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFF25F9D497DB26F3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[151,240,1641,1666]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFF44F9D7960026F0" box="[246,299,1642,1665]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">PNT</collectionCode>
|
||
26, 3 spec.
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFE03F9D496C726F3" bold="true" box="[433,492,1641,1666]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFE03F9D496C726F3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[433,492,1641,1666]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
23973, 1 spec. prepared X-ray diffraction analysis sample #1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF75F93393D22763" blockId="16.[151,1437,1497,2026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
R/V LE SUROIT, cruise BENTHEDI, North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFED8C2CFD62F930947726D7" box="[720,860,1677,1702]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
: St. 87
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFED8C2CFC19F93394FE26D7" box="[939,981,1678,1702]" name="Switzerland" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="88051022FFED8C2CFC50F933936C26D7" box="[994,1095,1678,1702]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" value="1977-04-03">3.4.1977</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFBE6F933938526D7" box="[1108,1198,1678,1702]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="925" value="-11.733334">11°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFB09F930923C26D7" box="[1211,1303,1677,1702]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="925" value="47.583332">47°35'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFED8C2CFA97F930925726D4" box="[1317,1404,1677,1702]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.716" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="3716.0">3716 m</quantity>
|
||
(5 spec.
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF6BF90C965926BB" bold="true" box="[217,370,1713,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFF6BF90C960C26BB" box="[217,295,1713,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">NBCL</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFE83F90C965926BB" box="[305,370,1713,1738]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
V. P o l 5542, 3 spec.
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFDD7F90C95D426BB" bold="true" box="[613,767,1713,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">LACM-AHF</emphasis>
|
||
Poly 7015, 3 spec.
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFC5BF90C937C26BB" bold="true" box="[1001,1111,1713,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFC5BF90C937C26BB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1001,1111,1713,1738]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFBD3F90F938426BB" box="[1121,1199,1714,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">ANEA</collectionCode>
|
||
2015. 973–975); St. 90
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFED8C2CFF06F96B97F6269F" box="[180,221,1750,1774]" name="Switzerland" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="88051022FFED8C2CFF5FF96B9679269F" box="[237,338,1750,1774]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" value="1977-04-04">4.4.1977</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFED0F96B9697269F" box="[354,444,1750,1774]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="925" value="-11.733334">11°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFE7FF96B9503269F" box="[461,552,1750,1774]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="925" value="47.5">47°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFED8C2CFD8BF96B95BF269C" box="[569,660,1750,1774]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</quantity>
|
||
(3 spec. in tubes plus 1 removed,
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFB8EF9689340269F" bold="true" box="[1084,1131,1749,1774]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">AM</emphasis>
|
||
W.46399, tube fragments prepared for
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFE95F947964A2763" box="[295,353,1786,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFEDAF94496B32763" bold="true" box="[360,408,1785,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFEDAF94496B32763" box="[360,408,1785,1810]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">PIN</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
5485/12 and X-ray diffraction analysis sample #2, 2 spec.
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFB9EF94493542763" bold="true" box="[1068,1151,1785,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFB9EF94493542763" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1068,1151,1785,1810]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1283053).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF75F8A3954D272B" blockId="16.[151,1437,1497,2026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
R/V MARION DUFRESNE, cruise MD 20, South-Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFED8C2CFC37F8A0933A2747" box="[901,1041,1821,1846]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
: St. 15-CP8,
|
||
<date id="88051022FFED8C2CFB01F8A3923C2747" box="[1203,1303,1822,1846]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" value="1979-09-02">2.9.1979</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFA9AF8A092B32747" box="[1320,1432,1821,1846]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="92" value="-31.866667">31°52.0'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFF25F8FF9623272B" box="[151,264,1858,1882]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="92" value="48.48">48°28.8'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFED8C2CFEA1F8FC96432728" box="[275,360,1857,1882]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.825" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="3825.0">3825 m</quantity>
|
||
(1 spec.
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFE7FF8FC9522272B" bold="true" box="[461,521,1857,1882]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFE7FF8FC9522272B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[461,521,1857,1882]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
23972).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF75F8DB938A270F" blockId="16.[151,1437,1497,2026]" box="[199,1185,1893,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
R/V
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFF4FF8DB9672270F" box="[253,345,1894,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">CHAIN</collectionCode>
|
||
, St. 85,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFE00F8D89501270F" box="[434,554,1893,1918]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="92" value="37.986668">37°59.2’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFD84F8D89599270F" box="[566,690,1893,1918]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="92" value="-69.43667">69°26.2’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFED8C2CFD0FF8DB9439270C" box="[701,786,1894,1918]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8339999999999996" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="3834.0">3834 m</quantity>
|
||
(53 spec. and tubes
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFC44F8D893BB270F" bold="true" box="[1014,1168,1893,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">LACM-AHF</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2CFF75F837927A27D3" blockId="16.[151,1437,1497,2026]" box="[199,1361,1929,1954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
R/V VITYAZ-2, North Atlantic Ocean, St. 79, 34°
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFD49F834946F27D3" box="[763,836,1929,1954]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="5555" value="54.3">54.3N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFED8C2CFCFDF83494E027D3" box="[847,971,1929,1954]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="92" value="-45.65">45°39.0’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFED8C2CFC65F837930727D0" box="[983,1068,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4399999999999995" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="4440.0">4440 m</quantity>
|
||
(1 dry spec. in tube
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFAA3F834926A27D3" bold="true" box="[1297,1345,1929,1954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<collectionCode id="9AAAAE27FFED8C2CFAA3F834926A27D3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" box="[1297,1345,1929,1954]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">SIO</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4A16569FFED8C2DFF75F81096F025DA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFED8C2DFF75F81097C42086" blockId="16.[151,1437,1497,2026]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFF75F810967227B7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1965,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFED8C2CFED2F81096BE27B7" box="[352,405,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Tube</emphasis>
|
||
: white opaque, free-lying, tusk-shaped, slowly expanding, octagonal in cross-section, with 8 smooth keels (longitudinal ridges) arranged all around the tube and grouped by pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFED8C2CFB26F86C93F3279B" box="[1172,1240,2001,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[216,1371,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. A – J: PIN 5485 / 12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F, 7B). In spaces between two neighbouring keels (forming one pair) walls slightly thicker than in spaces separating different pairs. Sides between keels concave. Short growth stops resembling tiny irregularly displaced transverse constrictions present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FEB997DF22D9" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FEB99689216C" box="[199,418,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Tube ultrastructure</emphasis>
|
||
: wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFE47FEB99512216C" box="[501,569,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[216,1371,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. A – J: PIN 5485 / 12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A) with two layers consisting of elongated rice grain-shaped crystals. Inner layer of irregularly oriented prismatic structure (IOP), crystal length up to 1.5–2.5 µm, diameter 0.5 µm. Innermost part of inner layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFEC8FEF196942114" box="[378,447,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[216,1371,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. A – J: PIN 5485 / 12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with isometric or slightly elongated crystals less than 0.5 µm long, with long axes oriented more or less along growth lines of parabolic lamellae. Middle and outer parts of inner layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFA89FED292AB21F9" box="[1339,1408,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[216,1371,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. A – J: PIN 5485 / 12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C) consisting of elongated crystals of slightly larger size, oriented more or less along the growth lines with their long axes. Transition from inner to middle part of wall gradual, size of crystals gradually increasing towards outer tube surface. Outer layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFE34FE6196E12184" box="[390,458,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[216,1371,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. A – J: PIN 5485 / 12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B, E) very distinct, consisting of largest crystals, 4–5 µm long, 0.75–1 µm in diameter. Crystals of outer layer tending to form “bundles” of uniform orientation, lying more or less longitudinally along the surface (SOIOP structure). In transverse sections this layer usually looking like a pile of isometric crystals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFADDFD99978E2211" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[216,1371,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. A – J: PIN 5485 / 12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H) and hardly recognizable. Thickness of outer layer 5–12 µm (corresponding wall thickness 50 µm), no distinct boundary with inner layer. Parabolic lamellae often clearly visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFC28FDD194F522F4" box="[922,990,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[216,1371,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. A – J: PIN 5485 / 12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A), marked by orientation of elongated crystals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FD09962A2282" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FD0996BF22BC" box="[199,404,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Tube mineralogy:</emphasis>
|
||
sample #1: 100% aragonite (I arag=71); sample #2: 6% calcite (I calc=2), 94% aragonite (I arag=30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FCBC9645234F" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FCBC96512368" box="[199,378,769,794]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Radiolar crown</emphasis>
|
||
: 3–5 pairs of radioles not joined by inter-radiolar membrane. Radiolar eyes not visible in preserved material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FCF192352314" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" box="[199,1310,840,869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FCF196132314" box="[199,312,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Peduncle:</emphasis>
|
||
inserted as 2nd dorsal radiole, about twice as thick as radioles, with pinnules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFB29FCF193F52314" box="[1179,1246,844,869]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FCCD942E23DC" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FCCD966F23F8" box="[199,324,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Operculum</emphasis>
|
||
: funnel-shaped, covered with concave brown chitinous endplate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFBE4FCCD93B423F8" box="[1110,1183,880,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F); opercular bulb continuing smoothly into peduncle, constriction absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FC0596BE2386" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FC05951923A0" box="[199,562,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Collar and thoracic membranes</emphasis>
|
||
: collar four-lobed, short, continuing into thoracic membranes reaching up to 2nd chaetiger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFE83FC62965F2386" box="[305,372,991,1016]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FBBE94C024DD" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FBBE9633246D" box="[199,280,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: with 5 thoracic chaetigers, 4 of which uncinigerous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFCC2FBBE9498246A" box="[880,947,1027,1052]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Collar chaetae simple limbate only (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFADDFBBE978D244E" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F), of two sizes. Chaetae thick with distal limba, of two sizes,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFEC8C2DFCECFB9594E5244E" box="[862,974,1064,1087]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFCECFB9594E5244E" box="[862,974,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Apomatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
chaetae absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFB35FB9A93E1244E" box="[1159,1226,1063,1088]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Uncini saw-torasp- shaped, with 3–5 rows above wide peg divided into 2 (occasionally 3) lobes; with 14–15 teeth in profile view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFF2DFBD297CE24F6" box="[159,229,1135,1160]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Dental formula slightly variable within a row of uncini, P:4:4:4:3:3:3:2:2:2:2:1:1:1:1, or similar (e.g. P:4:3:3:2:…, etc). Achaetigerous zone between thorax and abdomen absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FB0A945F2566" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FB0A961A24A1" box="[199,305,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: with up to 40 segments. Chaetae short, with flat triangular denticulate blade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFB2AFB0A93F024BE" box="[1176,1243,1207,1232]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="88051022FFEC8C2DFB7EFB0A93F024BE" box="[1228,1243,1207,1231]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">7</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I), slightly longer on posteriormost segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFE62FB6695382482" box="[464,531,1243,1268]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
L); each torus with a single chaeta. Uncini rasp-shaped, with 9–12 teeth in profile view and 5–6 rows, dental formula P:6:5:5:5:5:4:4:3:3:3(
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFEC8C2DFCBCFB4294722566" box="[782,857,1279,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FA9996F025DA" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FA9997DF254A" box="[199,244,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Size</emphasis>
|
||
: total body length up to
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFDB4FA9E957C254A" box="[518,599,1315,1339]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, including up to
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFCA0FA9E9443254A" box="[786,872,1315,1340]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long radioles, width of thorax up to
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFAB2FA9E9272254A" box="[1280,1369,1315,1339]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Tube length up to
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFE94FAFA9651252E" box="[294,378,1351,1375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Maximum external tube diameter in between angular margins up to
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFB3BFAFA93DB252E" box="[1161,1264,1351,1376]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
, corresponding lumen diameter
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFEFCFAD0969D25F7" box="[334,438,1389,1414]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Thickness of tube wall in between keels about 1/4–1/5th of the outer diameter, up to 1/2 when measured across keels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4A16569FFEC8C2DFF75FA0893C125BF" box="[199,1258,1461,1486]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FA0893C125BF" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" box="[199,1258,1461,1486]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FA08964B25BF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1461,1486]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
North Atlantic Ocean,
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFDD4FA0B942F25BF" box="[614,772,1462,1486]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9019999999999997" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.404" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="3902.0" valueMax="4400.0" valueMin="3404.0">3404–4400 m</quantity>
|
||
; Indian Ocean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84AC7672FFEC8C2DFC06FA08931625BF" box="[948,1085,1461,1486]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFBFAFA0893CD25BF" box="[1096,1254,1461,1486]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" metricValueMax="3.716" metricValueMin="3.404" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="3560.0" valueMax="3716.0" valueMin="3404.0">3404–3716 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4A16569FFEC8C28FF75FA6796192376" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C2DFF75FA67946B270F" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFF75FA6796102582" bold="true" box="[199,315,1498,1523]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is currently listed as
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFD0EFA6694492582" box="[700,866,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
in WORMS (ten
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFEC8C2DFB98FA6693802583" author="Hove" box="[1066,1195,1498,1522]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Hove, H. A. ten (2010) Ditrupa groenlandica McIntosh, 1877. In: Fauchald, K. (Ed.), World Polychaeta database. World Register of Marine Species Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 327004 (accessed 3 April 2012)" type="book chapter" year="2010">Hove 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was first found in 1875 as an empty tube from an abyssal location (
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFD0DFA43943D2667" box="[703,790,1534,1558]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.404" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="3404.0">3404 m</quantity>
|
||
or
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFEC8C2DFC8EFA4094B92667" box="[828,914,1533,1558]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="2660.0">2660 m</quantity>
|
||
) in the North-West Atlantic, Labrador Sea (R/ V VALOROUS, St. 12,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFEC8C2DFE1EF99F9522264A" box="[428,521,1570,1595]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" precision="925" value="56.183334">56°11'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="998F5025FFEC8C2DFDA5F99F9551264A" box="[535,634,1570,1595]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" precision="925" value="-57.683334">57°41'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).The origin was incorrectly given as Davis Strait by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFEC8C2DFB6FF99F92B7264B" author="Ditlevsen" box="[1245,1436,1570,1595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Ditlevsen, H. (1914) Conspectus fauna Groenlandiae. Polychaete annelider. Meddelelser om Gronland, 23, 659 - 741." type="journal article" year="1914">Ditlevsen (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFEC8C2DFF75F9FA965D262F" author="Hartman" box="[199,374,1605,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Hartman, O. (1959) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Part 2. Allan Hancock Foundation, Occasional Papers, 23, 354 - 628." type="journal article" year="1959">Hartman (1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1971). In fact, it had been collected considerably further south in the North-West Atlantic on the return trip of an expedition to Davis Strait. The species was originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFEC8C2DFB31F9D6925326F2" box="[1155,1400,1642,1667]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Ditrypa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFB31F9D6925326F2" box="[1155,1400,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Ditrypa groenlandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFEC8C2DFF25F930967F26D7" author="McIntosh" box="[151,340,1677,1702]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1877) Annelida. In: Jeffreys, JG (Ed.), Preliminary report on the biological results of a cruise in H. M. S." type="book" year="1877">McIntosh (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who wrote: “
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFE5CF9309406270F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
The tube is about half an inch in length, not much thicker than a thread, and curved from end to end like a bow (fig. 1). It tapers very gradually from the anterior to the posterior end, contrasting in this respect with the more decided diminution in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFEC8C2DFD7DF96A947B269F" box="[719,848,1751,1774]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Ditrypa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arietina">D. arietina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The oval aperture (fig. 2) forms a smooth slightly constricted rim, which is narrower than the tube almost by the depth of the ridges. The latter are eight in number, and run from the anterior to the posterior end of the tube, though, it must, be added, none of the specimens were quite perfect. It was obtained from station ISTo. 12 (1450 fathoms). It differs from any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFEC8C2DFB1CF8FE927D272A" box="[1198,1366,1858,1883]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Ditrypa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="known">Ditrypa known</taxonomicName>
|
||
to me in its slender form and the well-marked longitudinal ridges
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEC8C28FF75F83795652111" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2027]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,775]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFEC8C2DFF75F83796EE27D3" author="Zibrowius" box="[199,453,1930,1955]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Zibrowius, H. (1977) Review of Serpulidae (Polychaeta) from depths exceeding 2000 meters. In: Reish, D. J. & Fauchald, K. (Eds.), Essays on polychaetous annelids in memory of Dr. Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, California, pp. 289 - 305." type="book chapter" year="1977">Zibrowius (1977: 292)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented: “
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEC8C2DFDDBF83794F327B7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">looks strange for a serpulid, but C. P. Palmer (in litt.) suggested that it is not a scaphopod mollusc because of the unusually low expansion rate</emphasis>
|
||
”. The species remained enigmatic for decades, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="23008840FFEC8C2DFE87F86E964E279A" box="[309,357,2003,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">type</typeStatus>
|
||
being lost. The problem is resolved now, as specimens that fit McIntosh's description and illustration are available from deep dredging in the North-East Atlantic. Moreover, material of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FAA4FF25967D20A2" author="Hartman" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Hartman, O. & Fauchald, K. (1971) Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Part 2. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 6, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="1971">Hartman & Fauchald (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the North-Western Atlantic reported as?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FC27FF06933720A5" box="[917,1052,187,212]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Filogranula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FC27FF06933720A5" box="[917,1052,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Filogranula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and re-examined by EKK contained numerous specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FD94FF6295CF2086" box="[550,740,222,247]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandicus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FD94FF6295CF2086" box="[550,740,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">S. groenlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FD5CFF6394592086" bold="true" box="[750,882,222,247]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5FC578BFFE98C28FD5CFF6394592086" box="[750,882,222,247]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in typical free tusk-shaped octagonal tubes. An additional dried specimen in the tube collected from North-Western Atlantic was found in
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FB18FEBC93F1216B" bold="true" box="[1194,1242,257,282]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">SIO</emphasis>
|
||
collections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFE98C28FADCFEBC9789214C" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1766,1788]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,195,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[244,1343,195,1751]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. External morphology of polygonal serpulid tubes. Recent species: A— Spirodiscus grimaldii, R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 78. B, C— Bathyditrupa hovei, R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 79. D— Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov., R / V VITYAZ- 2, St. 79. E— Bathyvermilia gregrousei sp. nov., R / V VITYAZ, St. 5074. F— Hyalopomatus dieteri sp. nov., R / V JEAN CHARCOT, cruise BIOCAL, St. CP 27. G— Zibrovermilia zibrowii gen. et sp. nov., R / V ALIS, cruise MUSORSTOM 6, St. CP 438. Fossil tubes: H, I— Nogrobs cf. vermicularis, PIN 5485 / 23. J – K— Glandifera cf. vertebralis, spirally coiled juvenile tube with median keel running along the lateral tube side, PIN 5485 / 02. L, M— Glandifera cf. vertebralis, a fragment of straight adult tube with regular peristomes, PIN 5485 / 01. N, O— Tetraserpula barremica, PIN 5485 / 06. P, Q— Tetraditrupa canteriata, PIN 5485 / 04. R – T— Tubulostium discoideum, ARI Od 224 / 70 (the specimen figured by Chiplonkar & Tapaswi, 1973, pl. 11, fig. 15)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235031/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Very similar free small-sized serpulid tubes with 8 longitudinal ridges from the SW Indian Ocean (depth about
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFE98C28FF25FEF597C62111" box="[151,237,328,352]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||
) appear to be the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A8C4666AFFEF8C2EFF25F89895A62782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" targetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEF8C2EFF25F89895A62782" blockId="18.[151,1436,1829,2035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEF8C2EFF25F898963F274B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1829,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Tube ultrastructures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFEF8C2EFDBFF8989431274A" box="[525,794,1829,1851]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandicus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEF8C2EFDBFF8989431274A" box="[525,794,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Spirodiscus groenlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEF8C2EFC90F89B94BC274A" bold="true" box="[802,919,1830,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5FC578BFFEF8C2EFC90F89B94BC274A" box="[802,919,1830,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A–J:
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEF8C2EFC65F89B9328274A" bold="true" box="[983,1027,1830,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">PIN</emphasis>
|
||
5485/12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFEF8C2EFF25F86097CA2782" box="[151,225,2013,2035]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Ditrypa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="known">known</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Abbreviations: o. s.—outer tube surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A8C4666AFFEE8C2FFF25F8C693B7279C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" targetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFEE8C2FFF25F8C693B7279C" blockId="19.[151,1436,1915,2029]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEE8C2FFF25F8C6963D27E1" bold="true" box="[151,278,1915,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Photos and SEM images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFEE8C2FFDFEF8C6947727E0" box="[588,860,1915,1937]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandicus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEE8C2FFDFEF8C6947727E0" box="[588,860,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Spirodiscus groenlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFEE8C2FFCD7F8C6933A27E1" bold="true" box="[869,1041,1915,1936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5FC578BFFEE8C2FFCD7F8C694F627E1" box="[869,989,1915,1936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
AM
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
W.46398. A: tube photo, B–L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC0436E2FFE98C28FF75FED696192376" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,775]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
|
||
The fact that tube keels are grouped by pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFE98C28FD78FED6942521F5" box="[714,782,363,388]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[216,1370,193,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[216,1371,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. A – J: PIN 5485 / 12, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer consisting of large cigar-shaped crystals packed in bundles oriented in two directions, Cenlarged middle wall part consisting of small elongated crystals, D—enlarged middle (right) and inner (left) parts of tube wall, the latter consisting of very small consolidated isometric crystals, E—longitudinal wall section near tube mouth, F—tube crosssection, edges grouped by two, G—enlarged edge section, H—enlarged outer wall part, outer layer resembling a pile of isometric crystals, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: o. s. — outer tube surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235036/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F;
|
||
<figureCitation id="64802A67FFE98C28FC9EFED6944621F2" box="[812,877,363,388]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,194,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[199,1387,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W. 46398. A: tube photo, B – L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235037/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B) suggests that tetragonal cross-section probably was plesiomorphic, and subsequent bifurcation of keels resulting in octagonal cross-section is a secondary, apomorphic, modification. Fossil material provides examples of species with a similar morphology.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FAA9FE0C97CA219C" author="Regenhardt" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Regenhardt, H. (1961) Serpulidae (Polychaeta Sedentaria) aus der Kreide Mitteleuropas, ihre okologische, taxonomische und stratigaphische Bedeutung. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg, 30, 5 - 115." type="journal article" year="1961">Regenhardt (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established a taxon “Octogonae” of uncertain rank, but with the “generotype”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FB37FE6996372261" authority="Fraas, 1867" authorityName="Fraas" authorityYear="1867" class="Scaphopoda" family="Dentaliidae" genus="Dentalium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dentaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octocostatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FB37FE6992B7219C" box="[1157,1436,468,493]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Dentalium octocostatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FF25FE4596372261" author="Fraas" box="[151,284,503,528]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Fraas, O. (1867) Aus dem Orient. Theil I. Geologische Beobachtungen am Nil, auf der Sinai-Halbinsel und in Syrien. Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart, 222 pp." type="book" year="1867">Fraas, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for octagonal tubes from the Late Cretaceous of Europe.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FC10FE4A936E2261" author="Ziegler" box="[930,1093,503,528]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Ziegler, V. (2006) The fossil serpulids. Pedagogicka fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, Praha, 108 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ziegler (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed the same group of species as the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FE22FDA695312245" box="[400,538,539,564]" class="Bryopsida" family="Rhachitheciaceae" genus="Octogonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FE22FDA695312245" box="[400,538,539,564]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Octogonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nov. gen., but designated another
|
||
<typeStatus id="23008840FFE98C28FC07FDA194CE2245" box="[949,997,540,564]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FBE6FDA6961D2226" authority="Brunnich Nielsen, 1931" authorityName="Brunnich Nielsen" authorityYear="1931" class="Polychaeta" genus="Ditrupula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="faxensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FBE6FDA692032242" box="[1108,1320,539,564]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Ditrupula faxensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FA81FDA6961D2226" author="Brunnich" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Brunnich Nielsen, K. (1931) Serpulidae from the Senonian and Danian deposits of Denmark. M eddelelser fra Dansk Geologisk Forening, 8, 71 - 113." type="journal article" year="1931">Brünnich Nielsen, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FEF0FD8296D12227" box="[322,506,575,598]" class="Scaphopoda" family="Dentaliidae" genus="Dentalium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dentaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octocostatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FEF0FD8296D12227" box="[322,506,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">D. octocostatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long large tubes (outer diameter up to
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFE98C28FC6CFD82936B2226" box="[990,1088,575,599]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), curved somewhat irregularly, and clearly is not related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FE7DFDDF95A1220B" box="[463,650,609,634]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandicus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FE7DFDDF95A1220B" box="[463,650,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">S. groenlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FD20FDDC9439220B" bold="true" box="[658,786,609,634]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5FC578BFFE98C28FD20FDDC9439220B" box="[658,786,609,634]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Instead, it is likely a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FB45FDDC9251220B" box="[1271,1402,609,634]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pyrgopolon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FB45FDDC9251220B" box="[1271,1402,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Pyrgopolon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FF25FD39966822EC" author="Montfort" box="[151,323,644,669]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Montfort, D. de. (1808) Conchyliologie systematique et classification methodique des coquilles, 1. Coquilles univalves, cloisonees. Schoell, Paris, 409 pp." type="book" year="1808">Montfort, 1808</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FEF9FD3B96A222EC" box="[331,393,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FE20FD38953B22EC" author="Jager" box="[402,528,644,669]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Jager, M. (2005) Serpulidae und Spirorbidae (Polychaeta sedentaria) aus Campan und Maastricht von Norddeutschland, den Niederlanden, Belgien und angrenzenden Gebieten. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A 157 (for 2004), 121 - 249." type="journal article" year="2005">Jäger 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FDAEFD3995C722EC" box="[540,748,644,669]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Ditrupula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="faxensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FDAEFD3995C722EC" box="[540,748,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Ditrupula faxensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller tubes (outer diameter about
|
||
<quantity id="3B439B07FFE98C28FB09FD38922A22EC" box="[1211,1281,645,669]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), but they are still extremely large relative to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FDEDFD15943722B1" box="[607,796,679,704]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="groenlandicus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FDEDFD15943722B1" box="[607,796,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">S. groenlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FC96FD1A948D22B1" bold="true" box="[804,934,679,704]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5FC578BFFE98C28FC96FD1A948D22B1" box="[804,934,679,704]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In conclusion,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FBE5FD1A92AA22B1" authority="Ziegler, 2006" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2006" box="[1111,1409,679,704]" class="Bryopsida" family="Rhachitheciaceae" genus="Octogonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FBE5FD1A93C922B1" box="[1111,1250,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Octogonella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FB58FD1A92AA22B1" author="Ziegler" box="[1258,1409,679,704]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Ziegler, V. (2006) The fossil serpulids. Pedagogicka fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, Praha, 108 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ziegler, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unlikely to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBB4D61FFE98C28FD97FD76946F2292" authority="Fauvel, 1909" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1909" box="[549,836,715,740]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CECFEAF0FFE98C28FD97FD76958C2295" box="[549,679,715,740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Spirodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="982A4B13FFE98C28FD1CFD76946F2292" author="Fauvel" box="[686,836,715,740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Fauvel, P. (1909) Deuxieme note preliminaire sur les polychetes provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la princesse Alice ou deposes dans le Musee oceanographique de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institute Oceanographique, 142, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1909">Fauvel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this needs to be verified with examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="23008840FFE98C28FF25FD5297EC2376" box="[151,199,751,775]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |