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<mods:title id="86FC2609C53B5B29504A611A0A9B0BB9">Description of a new species of the genus Zaretis Hübner, [1819], with taxonomic notes on Z. itys and Z. itylus, stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae) and illustration of a gynandromorph</mods:title>
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<treatment id="7378EE22FFF8A15964E80E65FDC1E24D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6175581" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520723" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6175581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7378EE22FFF8A15964E80E65FDC1E24D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7378EE22FFF8A15964E80E65FDC1E24D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="B3CB0CBFFFF8A15B64E80E65FD1CE06C" box="[151,729,1336,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15B64E80E65FD1CE06C" blockId="4.[151,729,1336,1363]" box="[151,729,1336,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="A026E858FFF8A15B64E80E65FD1CE06C" bold="true" box="[151,729,1336,1363]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80E65FD1CE06C" bold="true" box="[151,729,1336,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B64E80E65FE25E06C" ID-CoL="5CX95" authority="Cramer, 1777" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" box="[151,480,1336,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80E65FED9E06D" bold="true" box="[151,284,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Zaretis itys</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B65540E64FE1DE06C" author="Cramer" box="[299,472,1336,1362]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Cramer, P. (1777) De uitlandische Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique 2. S. J. Baalde; Utrecht, Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven &amp; Comp. Amsteldam, 151 pp. + 95 pls." type="book" year="1777">Cramer, 1777</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 1316; 2125)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3CB0CBFFFF8A15B64E80EDCFE1AE397" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15B64E80EDCFB73E0A8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1408,1705]" box="[151,1206,1408,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B64E80EDCFE5AE0AB" authority="Cramer, 1777" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" box="[151,415,1408,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80EDCFECEE0A8" box="[151,267,1408,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Papilio itys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B656E0EDCFE5AE0AB" author="Cramer" box="[273,415,1408,1429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Cramer, P. (1777) De uitlandische Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique 2. S. J. Baalde; Utrecht, Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven &amp; Comp. Amsteldam, 151 pp. + 95 pls." type="book" year="1777">Cramer, 1777</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. p. 34, pl. 119, figs. F (female dorsal), G (female ventral);
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFF8A15B67900EDCFB8DE0A8" box="[1007,1096,1408,1430]" name="Suriname" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Surinam</collectingCountry>
, (BMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15B64E80EC3FD63E08A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1408,1705]" box="[151,678,1438,1461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B64E80EC3FEC9E08B" box="[151,268,1439,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80EC3FEC9E08B" box="[151,268,1439,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Papilio itus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B65640EFCFEF2E08B" box="[283,311,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">sic</emphasis>
]
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B65390EC3FE11E08A" author="Cramer" box="[326,468,1439,1460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Cramer, P. (1777) De uitlandische Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique 2. S. J. Baalde; Utrecht, Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven &amp; Comp. Amsteldam, 151 pp. + 95 pls." type="book" year="1777">Cramer, 1777</bibRefCitation>
. p. 149; misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15B64E80EE2FCF2E0ED" blockId="4.[151,1437,1408,1705]" box="[151,823,1469,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B64E80EE2FEFBE0ED" box="[151,318,1469,1491]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Zaretes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80EE2FF27E0ED" box="[151,226,1470,1491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Zaretes</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B65640EE2FEFBE0ED" box="[283,318,1470,1491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B65330EE1FE3BE0ED" author="Fruhstorfer" box="[332,510,1469,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1909) Neue Zaretes-Formen und Uebersicht der bekannten Rassen. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 23, 166 - 168." type="journal article" year="1909">Fruhstorfer, 1909</bibRefCitation>
. p. 166, fig. 1 (male genitalia).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15B64E80E80FBE3E0CF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1408,1705]" box="[151,1062,1499,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B64E80E80FE9AE0CC" box="[151,351,1500,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Anaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys" subGenus="Zaretis">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80E80FF1DE0CF" box="[151,216,1500,1521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Anaea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64990E81FEE8E0CC" box="[230,301,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Zaretis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B65430E81FE9AE0CC" box="[316,351,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B65130E81FD8AE0CF" author="Comstock" box="[364,591,1499,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Comstock, W. P. (1961) Butterflies of the American Tropics. The genus Anaea Lepidoptera Nymphalidae. A study of the species heretofore included in the genera Anaea, Coenophlebia, Hypna, Polygrapha, Protogonius, Siderone and Zaretis. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 214." type="book chapter" year="1961">W. P. Comstock, 1961</bibRefCitation>
. p. 30, pl. 1, fig. 4 (female dorsal and ventral).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15B64E80EA7FB85E370" blockId="4.[151,1437,1408,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80EA7FED4E32E" box="[151,273,1531,1552]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B64E80EA7FECFE32E" ID-CoL="5CX95" box="[151,266,1531,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">Zaretis itys</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B65670EA6FE18E32E" author="Vane-Wright" box="[280,477,1530,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Vane-Wright, R. I (1975) The butterflies named by J. F. Gmelin (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology), 32, 17 - 64." type="journal article" year="1975">Vane-Wright, 1975</bibRefCitation>
. p. 4345. De
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B66F70EA6FCC4E32E" author="Vries" box="[648,769,1530,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 327 pp." type="book" year="1987">Vries, 1987</bibRefCitation>
. p. 117, pl. 15, figs. 12 (male dorsal), 13 (female ventral) and 14 (female dorsal).
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B65FF0D46FD91E311" author="Pyrcz" box="[384,596,1561,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. &amp; Neild, A. F. E. (1996) Tribe Anaeini, In: Neild, A. F. E. (Ed.), The butterflies of Venezuela, Part 1: Nymphalidae I (Limenitidinae, Apaturinae, Charaxinae). A comprehensive guide to the identification of adult Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae. Meridian Publishing, London, pp. 99 - 116." type="book chapter" year="1996">Pyrcz &amp; Neild, 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B66210D46FDB7E311" box="[606,626,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">in</emphasis>
: Neild, A. p. 105, pl. 20, fig. 855 (
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFF8A15B67AE0D45FBF5E311" box="[977,1072,1561,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
female ventral).
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B608F0D45FF38E373" author="Willmott" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Willmott, K. R. &amp; Hall, J. P. W (2004) Taxonomic notes on the genus Zaretis, with the description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 12, 29 - 34." type="journal article" year="2004">Willmott &amp; Hall, 2004</bibRefCitation>
. p. 31, 1a (male dorsal), 1b (male ventral), 1c (female dorsal), 1d (female ventral).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15B64E80D04FBD7E352" blockId="4.[151,1437,1408,1705]" box="[151,1042,1622,1645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B64E80D04FEF5E353" ID-CoL="5CX95" box="[151,304,1624,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="itys" subSpecies="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80D04FEF5E353" box="[151,304,1624,1645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Zaretis itys itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; DAbrera, 1988. p. 720 (female ventral, dorsal).
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B67420D0BFC06E352" author="Lamas" box="[829,963,1623,1644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, 1 - 428 pp." type="journal article" year="2004">Lamas, 2004</bibRefCitation>
. p. 225.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15B64E80D29FE1AE397" blockId="4.[151,1437,1408,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B64E80D29FE83E3B5" box="[151,326,1653,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Siderone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="itys" subSpecies="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80D29FE83E3B5" box="[151,326,1653,1675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Siderone itys itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B652A0D29FDC1E3B5" author="Brevignon" box="[341,516,1653,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Brevignon, C. (2006) Descriptions de nouveaux Charaxinae provenant de Guyane Francaise. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea, 106, 293 - 302." type="journal article" year="2006">Brevignon, 2006</bibRefCitation>
. p. 293294; p. 299, figs 12 (male dorsal, ventral), 34 (female dorsal, ventral); p. 301, figs 1719 (male genitalia).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3CB0CBFFFF8A15964E80D8AFB19E6D1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF8A15964E80D8AFC53E47C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1750,2026]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,1907]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B64E80D8AFED6E3D1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1750,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Male specimens can be distinguished from other species by the underdeveloped emargination on the forewing inner margin and other characters given by
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFF8A15B66810DA6FBD6E22C" author="Willmott" box="[766,1043,1786,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" refString="Willmott, K. R. &amp; Hall, J. P. W (2004) Taxonomic notes on the genus Zaretis, with the description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 12, 29 - 34." type="journal article" year="2004">Willmott &amp; Hall (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. The color pattern of the wings is highly variable throughout the range. Females are distinguished from most
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B67960C43FBF2E208" box="[1001,1079,1823,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B67960C43FBF2E208" box="[1001,1079,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Zaretis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the forewings upper side color pattern that is brown distally, pale at the medial area, and orange basally, and can only be confused with females of
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B65660C34FEB2E240" box="[281,375,1894,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itylus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B65660C34FEB2E240" box="[281,375,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Z. itylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The female upper side color pattern is also highly variable, and the three colors described above can be indiscernible, almost uniform orange in some specimens. Even in those specimens, the pale band in the forewing is always distinct in the forewing underside. Similarly to
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B679E0CECFB85E2F8" box="[993,1088,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itylus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B679E0CECFB85E2F8" box="[993,1088,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Z. itylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but unlike any other
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF8A15B61320CF3FA59E2F8" box="[1357,1436,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF8A15B61320CF3FA59E2F8" box="[1357,1436,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Zaretis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, the outer margin of the forewing is always evenly rounded until close to the apex. The emargination at the inner margin of the forewing is developed, but noticeably weaker when compared to females of
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15960A80BC5FAF4E58E" box="[1239,1329,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itylus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15960A80BC5FAF4E58E" box="[1239,1329,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the spot in M1M2 at the end of discal cell is large, giving a twisted appearance to the forewing pale-colored band. This is more readily observable in the forewing underside, where the intraspecific variation is less pronounced. There is evidence of seasonal polyphenism in this species: generally specimens from the wet season have rounded wings when compared with specimens from the dry season.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFF9A15A64E80CD7FEB5E2E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<table id="89D1AD94FFF95EA064E80CD7FA59E2E1" box="[151,1436,1931,2015]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<tr id="45E15D76FFF95EA064E80CD7FA59E29C" box="[151,1436,1931,1954]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<th id="0630340AFFF95EA064E80CD7FE0AE29C" box="[151,463,1931,1954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF9A15A64E80CD7FE90E29E" bold="true" box="[151,341,1931,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">FIGURES 1320.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF9A15A65220CD0FE0AE29F" authority="(Cramer, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[349,463,1932,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF9A15A65220CD0FE0AE29F" box="[349,463,1932,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Zaretis itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="0630340AFFF95EA065A90CD7FC39E29C" box="[470,1020,1931,1954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
(Cramer, 1777) and
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF9A15A66D50CD0FC32E29F" authority="Westwood, 1850" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1850" box="[682,1015,1931,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itylus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF9A15A66D50CD0FCF5E29F" box="[682,816,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Zaretis itylus</emphasis>
(Westwood, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
.
</th>
<th id="0630340AFFF95EA0607C0CD7FA59E29C" box="[1027,1436,1931,1954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
1316.
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF9A15A602E0CD0FB54E29F" box="[1105,1169,1932,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF9A15A602E0CD0FB54E29F" box="[1105,1169,1932,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Z. itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1314. Male, dorsal and
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="45E15D76FFF95EA064E80CF6FA59E2FE" box="[151,1436,1962,1984]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<th id="0630340AFFF95EA064E80CF6FE0AE2FE" box="[151,463,1962,1984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">ventral; 1516. Female, dorsal</th>
<td id="0630340AFFF95EA065A90CF6FC39E2FE" box="[470,1020,1962,1984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
and ventral. 1720.
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFF9A15A66DC0CF7FD33E2FE" box="[675,758,1962,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itylus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFF9A15A66DC0CF7FD33E2FE" box="[675,758,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Z. itylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1718. Male, dorsal and
</td>
<td id="0630340AFFF95EA0607C0CF6FA59E2FE" box="[1027,1436,1962,1984]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
ventral; 1920. Female, dorsal and
<tr id="45E15D76FFF95EA064E80C95FA59E2E1" box="[151,1436,1993,2015]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="0630340AFFF95EA064E80C95FE0AE2E1" box="[151,463,1993,2015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">ventral. Scale bar = 1cm.</th>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFFAA15964B60A12FB19E6D1" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15964B60A12FE12E459" bold="true" box="[201,471,334,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Taxonomic comments:</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFFAA159666A0A13FDB9E459" box="[533,636,335,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15966DA0A13FC08E459" authority="Cramer, 1777" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" box="[677,973,335,359]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15966DA0A13FCE2E459" box="[677,807,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Papilio itys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA159674F0A13FC08E459" author="Cramer" box="[816,973,335,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Cramer, P. (1777) De uitlandische Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique 2. S. J. Baalde; Utrecht, Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven &amp; Comp. Amsteldam, 151 pp. + 95 pls." type="book" year="1777">Cramer, 1777</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA15960FE0A13FAA3E459" author="Vane-Wright" box="[1153,1382,335,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Vane-Wright, R. I (1975) The butterflies named by J. F. Gmelin (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology), 32, 17 - 64." type="journal article" year="1975">Vane-Wright (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, is a female similar to Cramers (1777) original illustration. The description of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15967960A28FBD5E4B5" box="[1001,1040,372,395]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15967960A28FBD5E4B5" box="[1001,1040,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; given by
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA15960F20A2EFA9BE4B4" author="Rober" box="[1165,1374,370,394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Rober, J. K. M. (1916) 62. Gattung: Zaretes Hbn. In: Seitz, A. K. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. Alfred Kernen. Seitz, Stuttgart, pp. 578 - 579." type="journal article" year="1916">Röber (1916: 578)</bibRefCitation>
most likely do not represent
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15965DF0AC4FE23E491" box="[416,486,408,431]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15965DF0AC4FE23E491" box="[416,486,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: “
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA159667C0AC4FD90E491" authority="Cr." authorityName="Cr." box="[515,597,407,431]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159667C0AC4FDEFE491" box="[515,554,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">itys</emphasis>
Cr.
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15966E30ACBFD3EE491" box="[668,763,407,431]" name="Suriname" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Surinam</collectingCountry>
is a female aberrative from in which the black costal-marginal spot of the forewings is prolonged as far as into the black apical distal margin”. The male genitalia illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA15964C40A83FEBBE4C9" author="Comstock" box="[187,382,479,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Comstock, W. P. (1961) Butterflies of the American Tropics. The genus Anaea Lepidoptera Nymphalidae. A study of the species heretofore included in the genera Anaea, Coenophlebia, Hypna, Polygrapha, Protogonius, Siderone and Zaretis. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 214." type="book chapter" year="1961">Comstock (1961)</bibRefCitation>
probably does not correspond to the species, since the specimen illustrated is reputedly from “Southern
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA159656D095EFE9DE724" box="[274,344,514,538]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Brazil</collectingCountry>
” and therefore outside the range of
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15966810958FC83E725" box="[766,838,516,539]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15966810958FC83E725" box="[766,838,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only known from the Amazon basin. Additionally, there are important differences between the genitalia illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA15967E9097BFB9EE701" author="Comstock" box="[918,1115,551,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Comstock, W. P. (1961) Butterflies of the American Tropics. The genus Anaea Lepidoptera Nymphalidae. A study of the species heretofore included in the genera Anaea, Coenophlebia, Hypna, Polygrapha, Protogonius, Siderone and Zaretis. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 214." type="book chapter" year="1961">Comstock (1961)</bibRefCitation>
and the one illustrated here (
<figureCitation id="63EA43B1FFFAA15964E00916FEE4E75C" box="[159,289,586,610]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21 30. Male genitalia of Zaretis itys (Cramer, 1777) and Zaretis itylus (Westwood, 1850). 21 25. Z. itys. 21. Lateral view, valva, aedeagus removed; 22. Gnathos and uncus, ventral view; 23. Gnathos and uncus, posterior view; 24. Valva, lateral view; 25. Aedeagus, lateral view; 26 30. Z. itylus. 26. Lateral view, valva, aedeagus removed; 27. Gnathos and uncus, ventral view; 28. Gnathos and uncus, posterior view; 29. Valva, lateral view; 30. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Figs 2125</figureCitation>
), from a specimen collected in the state of Pará,
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15967360916FC54E75C" box="[841,913,586,610]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The specimens illustrated and identified as
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15961FA0910FF7BE7B9" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15961FA0910FF7BE7B9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA15964990933FE6CE7B9" author="Comstock" box="[230,425,623,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Comstock, W. P. (1961) Butterflies of the American Tropics. The genus Anaea Lepidoptera Nymphalidae. A study of the species heretofore included in the genera Anaea, Coenophlebia, Hypna, Polygrapha, Protogonius, Siderone and Zaretis. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 214." type="book chapter" year="1961">Comstock (1961)</bibRefCitation>
(figures 3 and 6),
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA159660A0933FC82E7B9" author="Muyshondt" box="[629,839,623,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Muyshondt, A (1973) Notes on the life cycle and natural history of butterflies of El Salvador. II. Anaea (Zaretis) itys (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society, 27, 294 - 302." type="journal article" year="1973">Muyshondt (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, DAbrera (1988) (males in page 720),
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA1596080092CFA59E7B9" author="Brown" box="[1279,1436,623,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Brown, Jr. K. S. (1992) Borboletas da Serra do Japi: Diversidade, Habitats, Recursos Alimentares e Variacao Temporal. In: Morellato L P C (org). Historia natural da Serra do Japi: ecologia e preservacao de uma area florestada no Sudeste do Brasil. UNICAMP / FAPESP, Campinas, p. 142 - 186." type="book chapter" year="1992">Brown (1992)</bibRefCitation>
(male and female, identified as
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA159658809C8FD62E795" box="[503,679,660,683]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="itys" subSpecies="strigosus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159658809C8FD62E795" box="[503,679,660,683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys strigosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA15966C109CFFC74E794" author="Pyrcz" box="[702,945,658,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. &amp; Neild, A. F. E. (1996) Tribe Anaeini, In: Neild, A. F. E. (Ed.), The butterflies of Venezuela, Part 1: Nymphalidae I (Limenitidinae, Apaturinae, Charaxinae). A comprehensive guide to the identification of adult Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae. Meridian Publishing, London, pp. 99 - 116." type="book chapter" year="1996">Pyrcz &amp; Neild (1996)</bibRefCitation>
(figures 848854),
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA15960F009CFFA59E794" author="Brown" box="[1167,1436,658,682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Brown, Jr. K. S. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. (2000) Diversidade de Lepidoptera em Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitao, 11 / 12, 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000">Brown &amp; Freitas (2000)</bibRefCitation>
(identified as
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA159655009E4FE1AE7F1" box="[303,479,696,719]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="itys" subSpecies="strigosus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159655009E4FE1AE7F1" box="[303,479,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys strigosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and C.
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA159664209EBFCEDE7F1" box="[573,808,695,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Mielke, C. G. C., Mielke, O. H. H. &amp; Casagrande, M. M. (2004 a) Estudo comparado da morfologia externa de Zaretys itys itylus (Westwood) e Agrias claudina annetta (Gray) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). I. Cabeca, apendices e regiao cervical. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21, 357 - 369." type="journal article">
Mielke
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15966EC09E4FD0EE7F1" box="[659,715,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2004a)
</bibRefCitation>
(male and female, identified as
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15960F309E4FAD7E7F1" box="[1164,1298,695,719]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="itys" subSpecies="itylus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15960F309E4FAD7E7F1" box="[1164,1298,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys itylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) do not represent
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA159649D0980FEECE7CD" box="[226,297,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159649D0980FEECE7CD" box="[226,297,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The identity of these specimens should remain uncertain until an in-depth revision is performed to determine the number of species involved, their respective phenotypes and original names. A male specimen of
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15961FA085CFF39E605" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15961FA085CFF39E605" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. strigosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA1596574087EFE7FE604" box="[267,442,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1790) Caroli a Linne. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig, 795 pp." type="book">Gmelin, [1790]</bibRefCitation>
) illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA159661B087FFC8DE604" box="[612,840,802,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Warren, A. D., Davis, K. J., Grishin, N. V., Pelham, J. P. &amp; Stangeland, E. M. (2012) Interactive Listing of American Butterflies. Available from: http: // www. butterfliesofamerica. com / (Accessed January 2012)." type="book chapter">
Warren
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15966C20878FD33E605" box="[701,758,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
is misleadingly labeled “
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFFAA159601C087EFB0BE604" box="[1123,1230,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntypus</typeStatus>
”. The
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFFAA1596168087EFAB8E604" box="[1303,1405,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15964E8081BFDCAE661" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1790" box="[151,527,839,863]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15964E8081BFE92E661" box="[151,343,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Papilio strigosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA159651F081BFDCAE661" box="[352,527,839,863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1790) Caroli a Linne. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig, 795 pp." type="book">Gmelin, [1790]</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is in fact a female designated and discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA1596046081BFAE5E661" author="Vane-Wright" box="[1081,1312,839,863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Vane-Wright, R. I (1975) The butterflies named by J. F. Gmelin (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology), 32, 17 - 64." type="journal article" year="1975">Vane-Wright (1975)</bibRefCitation>
. Nevertheless, the name
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA159653A0830FE6FE6BD" box="[325,426,876,899]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159653A0830FE6FE6BD" box="[325,426,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">strigosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not synonymous with either
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15967610830FCA0E6BD" box="[798,869,876,899]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15967610830FCA0E6BD" box="[798,869,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15967EE0830FC2BE6BD" box="[913,1006,875,899]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itylus">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15967EE0830FC2BE6BD" box="[913,1006,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA159607E0836FAD1E6BC" author="Willmott" box="[1025,1300,874,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Willmott, K. R. &amp; Hall, J. P. W (2004) Taxonomic notes on the genus Zaretis, with the description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 12, 29 - 34." type="journal article" year="2004">Willmott &amp; Hall (2004)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA159612E0837FF24E699" author="Lamas" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, 1 - 428 pp." type="journal article" year="2004">Lamas (2004)</bibRefCitation>
consider this name synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15966E908CCFC79E699" authority="Cramer, 1779" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1779" box="[662,956,911,935]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zaretis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isidora">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15966E908CCFCC6E699" box="[662,771,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. isidora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9F4022C5FFFAA159676C08D3FC76E699" author="Cramer" box="[787,947,911,935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Cramer, P. (1779) De uitlandische Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique 3. S. J. Baalde; Utrecht, Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven &amp; Comp. Amsteldam, 128 pp. + 71 pls." type="book" year="1779">Cramer, 1779</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Preliminary molecular studies carried out by us indicate that the barcoding region of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA159675708E8FCAAE6F5" box="[808,879,948,971]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159675708E8FCAAE6F5" box="[808,879,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Z. itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from west of the Andes and Central
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA159616008EEFA45E6F4" box="[1311,1408,946,970]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">America</collectingCountry>
is markedly different from the barcoding region of specimens from Amazon basin and the Guyanas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3CB0CBFFFFAA15964B608A6FBDAE164" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFFAA15964B608A6FBDAE164" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15964B608A6FEA0E12D" bold="true" box="[201,357,1018,1043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Distribution:</emphasis>
Throughout the Amazon basin, in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Pará, Roraima, Amapá, Acre, Rondônia and Mato Grosso; and moist and dry forests under
<quantity id="3C29F2D1FFFAA15967E00F43FC29E109" box="[927,1004,1055,1079]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
in
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA159606B0F43FB40E109" box="[1044,1157,1055,1079]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15960EC0F43FB37E109" box="[1171,1266,1055,1079]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15960800F7CFAF0E109" box="[1279,1333,1056,1079]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA159613C0F43FA5DE109" box="[1347,1432,1055,1079]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Bolívia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15964E80F1EFEC8E164" box="[151,269,1090,1114]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, the Guyanas and through Central
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15966EE0F1EFD34E164" box="[657,753,1090,1114]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">America</collectingCountry>
as far north as
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15967E20F1EFBDEE164" box="[925,1051,1090,1114]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3CB0CBFFFFAA15964B60F3BFDC1E24D" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFFAA15964B60F3BFDA9E1F9" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15964B60F3BFEB2E141" bold="true" box="[201,375,1126,1151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFFAA15964B60F3BFEC7E141" box="[201,258,1127,1151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFFAA15965CA0F3BFDD9E141" box="[437,540,1127,1151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA159663D0F3BFD01E141" box="[578,708,1127,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159663D0F3BFD01E141" box="[578,708,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Papilio itys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is deposited in the Rothschild collection (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15960DF0F3BFB32E141" box="[1184,1271,1127,1151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">BMNH</collectionCode>
) and bears the following labels: /
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15965170FD6FE02E19C" box="[360,455,1162,1186]" name="Suriname" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Surinam</collectingCountry>
Coll Lenep/ Felder Coll/
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFFAA159669B0FD6FC96E19C" box="[740,851,1162,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
/ B.M.
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFFAA15967EA0FD7FC24E19C" box="[917,993,1163,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15967EA0FD7FC24E19C" box="[917,993,1163,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">TYPE</collectionCode>
</typeStatus>
No. Rh 17307/
<taxonomicName id="3CD124B7FFFAA15960ED0FD7FAA9E19C" authority="Cramer" authorityName="Cramer" box="[1170,1388,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itys">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15960ED0FD7FAD7E19D" box="[1170,1298,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Papilio itys</emphasis>
Cramer
</taxonomicName>
det. R. I. Vane-Wright 1972
<typeStatus id="246AE196FFFAA15965DB0FF3FD81E1F9" box="[420,580,1199,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ/.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6E5F34FFFAA15964B60F8EFDC1E24D" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15964B60F8EFDBCE1D5" bold="true" box="[201,633,1234,1259]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
Examined material:
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15965C00F8EFDE9E1D5" box="[447,556,1234,1259]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, Acre,
</emphasis>
Mâncio Lima,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15967590F88FBC8E1D5" box="[806,1037,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">PN Serra do Divisor</emphasis>
, 3ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA159603B0F8EFB2FE1D4" box="[1092,1258,1234,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2011-09-10" valueMax="2011-09-21" valueMin="2011-09-10">10-21.IX.2011</date>
, Dolibaina leg., DZ 20.493, DZ 20.320, DZ 20.086 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15966330FABFD5EE031" box="[588,667,1271,1295]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); Senador Guiomard,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15967DF0FA4FBA2E031" box="[928,1127,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Reserva Catuaba</emphasis>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15960D80FABFAF7E031" box="[1191,1330,1271,1295]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2004-09-02" valueMax="2004-09-05" valueMin="2004-09-02">2-5.IX.2004</date>
, 2ɗ 1,3-
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15964E80E46FEC4E00C" box="[151,257,1306,1330]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2006-10-05">5.X.2006</date>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15965480E46FEA7E00C" box="[311,354,1306,1330]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2009-01">31.I</date>
,
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15965180E46FE16E00C" box="[359,467,1306,1330]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2009-02-05">5.II.2009</date>
, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg. DZ 15.533, DZ 20.031, DZ 19.379, DZ 20.355, (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA159613F0E46FA4AE00C" box="[1344,1423,1306,1330]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); Santa Rosa dos Purus,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15965E50E63FE27E069" box="[410,482,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<quantity id="3C29F2D1FFFAA15965E50E63FE0DE069" box="[410,456,1343,1367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" unit="km" value="2.0">2km</quantity>
E
</emphasis>
, 2ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966650E63FD65E069" box="[538,672,1343,1367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2008-08-05">5.VIII.2008</date>
, Mielke &amp; Carneiro leg., DZ 9.389, DZ 9.611 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15960C50E63FACCE069" box="[1210,1289,1343,1367]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); Santa Rosa dos Purus,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159656B0E3FFEBAE044" box="[276,383,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">9,2km SE</emphasis>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15965C80E3EFD9FE044" box="[439,602,1378,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2008-08-06" valueMax="2008-08-08" valueMin="2008-08-06">68.VIII.2008</date>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966F00E3EFCE0E044" box="[655,805,1378,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2008-08-15">15.VIII.2008</date>
, Mielke &amp; Carneiro leg., DZ 9.207, DZ 6.340 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA159613F0E3EFA55E044" box="[1344,1424,1378,1402]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); Porto Acre,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159655E0ED4FE23E0A1" box="[289,486,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Reserva Humaitá</emphasis>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966610EDBFD65E0A1" box="[542,672,1415,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2003-09-21">21.IX.2003</date>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966AA0EDBFC4EE0A1" box="[725,907,1415,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2008-07-28" valueMax="2008-07-31" valueMin="2008-07-28">2831.VII.2008</date>
, O.C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 20.611, DZ 15.547 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA159655E0EF6FEB5E0FC" box="[289,368,1450,1474]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15965FA0EF6FDCDE0FD" bold="true" box="[389,520,1450,1475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Amazonas,</emphasis>
no data, 1Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966E40EF6FCC5E0FC" box="[667,768,1450,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1942-12">XII.1942</date>
Cardoso leg., DZ 19.666 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA159604E0EF6FB45E0FC" box="[1073,1152,1450,1474]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); no data, 1ɗ, Stawiarski leg, DZ 20.238 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA159652E0E93FE65E0D9" box="[337,416,1487,1511]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); Maués, 1ɗ no data, Ebert leg., DZ 19.766 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15967E30E93FC2EE0D9" box="[924,1003,1487,1511]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15967800E93FB64E0D9" bold="true" box="[1023,1185,1486,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Mato Grosso,</emphasis>
Diamantino,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15961430E93FE57E335" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fazenda São João (Rio Arinos)</emphasis>
, 1Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15965B60EAEFDA8E334" box="[457,621,1522,1546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1974-08-01" valueMax="1974-08-08" valueMin="1974-08-01">18.VIII.1974</date>
; 1Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966DE0EAEFCD0E334" box="[673,789,1522,1546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1975-09-02">2.IX.1975</date>
, Ebert leg., DZ 20.617, DZ 20.274 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15960D00EAEFB3BE334" box="[1199,1278,1522,1546]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159616C0EAEFA96E335" bold="true" box="[1299,1363,1522,1547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Pará,</emphasis>
Óbidos, 1Ψ 1950, Winter leg., DZ 19.583 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15966170D4BFD72E311" box="[616,695,1559,1583]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966820D4BFCBAE311" box="[765,895,1559,1583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1950-09-11">11.IX.1950</date>
, Cardoso leg., 19.716 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15960E60D4BFB2DE311" box="[1177,1256,1559,1583]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15961500D4BFA5DE311" box="[1327,1432,1559,1583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1930-12">XII.1930</date>
, D'Almeida leg., DZ 20.219 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15965A10D66FDE8E36C" box="[478,557,1594,1618]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966130D66FD1BE36C" box="[620,734,1594,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1973-08">VIII.1973</date>
, Kesselring leg., DZ 20.393 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15960500D66FBBAE36C" box="[1071,1151,1594,1618]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15960C20D66FB18E36C" box="[1213,1245,1594,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">V1</date>
II.1934, ex. coll. Ebert, DZ 19.292 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA159650A0D03FE00E349" box="[373,453,1631,1655]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); Itaituba,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159663C0D3CFD08E349" box="[579,717,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Rio Tapajós</emphasis>
, 1ɗ and 1Ψ no data, D'Almeida leg., DZ 20.234, DZ 20.209 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15964E00DDEFF2BE3A4" box="[159,238,1666,1690]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); 1ɗ no data, Ebert leg., DZ 19.707 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15966E80DDEFD22E3A4" box="[663,743,1666,1690]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15966830DD8FC41E3A4" box="[764,900,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Rio Cuminá</emphasis>
, 1 Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15967BA0DDEFB9CE3A4" box="[965,1113,1666,1690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1936-08-16">16.VIII.1936</date>
, D'Almeida leg., DZ 20.396 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15964E00DFBFF2BE381" box="[159,238,1703,1727]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); Dom Eliseu,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15965EA0DFBFDCFE381" box="[405,522,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Água Azul</emphasis>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA159663E0DFBFD09E381" box="[577,716,1703,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1974-07-16">16.VII.1974</date>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA159677F0DFBFC51E381" box="[768,916,1703,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1974-08-25">25.VIII.1974</date>
, Mielke leg., DZ 15.596, DZ 15.540 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA159613F0DFBFA4AE381" box="[1344,1423,1703,1727]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15964E80D97FE8FE3DD" bold="true" box="[151,330,1739,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<collectingCountry id="83C61FA4FFFAA15964E80D97FF20E3DD" box="[151,229,1739,1763]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">PERU</collectingCountry>
, Loreto,
</emphasis>
Picuruyacu, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15966750D96FDA5E3DC" box="[522,608,1738,1762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2009-10">X.2009</date>
, Hernandez leg., DZ 20.231 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15967CB0D96FBC6E3DC" box="[948,1027,1738,1762]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); San Juan de Poli,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15960990D90FAAEE3DD" box="[1254,1387,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Rio Momon</emphasis>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15964E80DB3FF33E239" box="[151,246,1775,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="2009-09">IX.2009</date>
, Hernandez leg., DZ 20.510 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15966340DB3FD5FE239" box="[587,666,1775,1799]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15966CF0DB3FCAFE239" bold="true" box="[688,874,1774,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Madre de Dios,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA159670C0DACFB91E239" box="[883,1108,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Reserva Tambopata</emphasis>
, 1Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15960F20DB3FAC0E239" box="[1165,1285,1775,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1991-10-26">26.X.1991</date>
, Mielke leg., DZ 19.628 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15965610C4EFEA8E214" box="[286,365,1810,1834]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15965D70C4EFDE4E214" box="[424,545,1810,1834]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1991-10-25">25.X.1991</date>
, Robbins leg., DZ 19.244 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15967310C4EFC58E214" box="[846,925,1810,1834]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15967CE0C48FB25E215" box="[945,1248,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Parque Nacional del Manu</emphasis>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA159616A0C4EFA52E214" box="[1301,1431,1810,1834]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1991-09-27">27.IX.1991</date>
, Mielke leg., DZ 19.851 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15965C20C6BFDC9E271" box="[445,524,1847,1871]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
); Puerto Maldonado,
<emphasis id="C9A58326FFFAA15967760C6BFC34E271" box="[777,1009,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Comunidad Infierno</emphasis>
, 1ɗ
<date id="8F6F79F4FFFAA15960500C6BFB14E271" box="[1071,1233,1847,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" value="1983-10-15" valueMax="1983-10-17" valueMin="1983-10-15">1517.X.1983</date>
, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 19.228 (
<collectionCode id="9DC0C7F1FFFAA15965D60C06FE30E24C" box="[425,501,1882,1906]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">DZUP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>