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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-PMC="PMC9633978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-PubMed="36479134" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Trochocyathus Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732486004380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="24A768478B931F2E17DE7AFCFFABE512">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F82245241BD5D6467BDC497549A3A74">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD37D8967388BDFF397F1322EB478488">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2850A82AC18E484003244F55D7AAD1D3">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B41B29FD9BA81E76697D973658112EC1">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E596581FA08F3343DA9C0E57D07956ED">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B762EEB8EEE1CEB40F8018157E4DED58">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B9AE6CF37B0E610B9695054299E7A954">Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="91C9B56A8B58A5EE407F33D31C396A15">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="59402DC20830D26FC0B0CBC8AB3EEF1A">Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A35AA09EE8F637BB433C99CCA09395B4">Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Caryophylliidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subGenus="Trochocyathus">
<subSubSection id="CD79CECF4DB27EFD3C94B104ED3D12AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="64962314307A862538FB61A5CAF80F15" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BF08E39B970E0EEDC1C7DBD086897E10" ID-CoL="84VGB" authorityName="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Trochocyathus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="753C94625363D169820069EC85099AC9" authority="Trochocyathus" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus)" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trochocyathus">Trochocyathus Trochocyathus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="28940017C716CDA7D44915C7C1A4A44D" authority="Guynia sensu Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller, 1993" authorityName="Guynia sensu Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller" authorityYear="1993" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) rawsonii" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rawsonii" subGenus="Trochocyathus">
Trochocyathus Trochocyathus rawsonii
<taxonomicName id="9ADC9C54AEF5154902DF5229A6115172" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Guynia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Guynia sensu" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sensu">Guynia sensu</taxonomicName>
Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A35CFFF43612DD0C9DB6BBF9DDA8D250" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="39CBDB5C38F6E48B13AE4F336954DB61" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="30438655DB75CF32050EF6BABBD10970" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A, B Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) sp. 1 (SAM _ H 1449, off Mazeppa Bay, 174 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, F Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) sp. 2 C, D (SAM _ H 1388, East London, 90 m) C calicular view C lateral view E, F (SAM _ H 1407, off Mosselbaai, 192 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, L Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus Trochocyathus) sp. cf. Trochocyathus Trochocyathus rawsonii Guynia sensu Cairns &amp; Keller, 1993 G, J (SAM _ H 1440, off East London, 90 m) G calicular view H lateral view I calicular view J lateral view. 1993 K, L (SAMC _ A 090156, off Sedgefield, 74 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, P Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) sp. 3 M, N (SAM _ H 3124, off East London, 90 m) O calicular view P lateral view O, P (BMNH 1939.7.20.47, off Richards Bay, 165 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604109" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 6G-L</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="951281908B90AA72E21C57E9AE368C28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="27400B2B3436C864F6E66EE61A14D411" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2BC3DD52A7D31F89BC91EFE317461960" authorityName="Guynia sensu Cairns in Cairns &amp; Keller" authorityYear="1993" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus rawsonii" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rawsonii">Trochocyathus rawsonii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BE5907D674CD5203C1BC20AE2A460EF1" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Guynia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Guynia sensu" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sensu">Guynia sensu</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="7E1A11BCCAE0C8AC7B22553D590C21E4" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 77, fig. 6, pl. 13. -
<bibRefCitation id="7C6AE1F87AF871263A60C49869ADA725" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 241-242, figs 4E, H.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8678C39E5816C56D19431E48D3895D25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="AE2E6977C05BF45519344A226FE3DF68" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81D99AA53B702CD22BA7060A8765AA25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Off Barbados, eastern Caribbean Island (USCSS
<normalizedToken id="1437EED4B593C840A2EE06771CC049F8" originalValue="Hassler">'Hassler'</normalizedToken>
); 183 m (
<bibRefCitation id="F3ECCE6D7A804398C8154A2AAA21A29A" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD206AEE8CD3FC12600E2206737415AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="A6B1BAE0CE4C313740BCDFED89AC6F86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67A642DFB46268FB426F282C7CA0E0EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Three syntypes are deposited at the MCZ (
<bibRefCitation id="6579FAF1E559335E6009B1F9A1AA21C4" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3574152DF4C21458F16BC410AEA181A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="319D66CAB7869E30CD386363A0C482B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51193CEF611FCFEE078AE2626FBD4C34" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="AFF08C5D05057DC1A28434AE76930C77" accessionNumber="A32823" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Goukamma Estuary" elevation="511" latitude="-35.249195" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.846695" municipality="Gouritsmond" specimenCount="1">
DEFF/SAEON_
<accessionNumber id="AD38C0E0E13B53B50EBEB46A58D346B8" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/A32823">A32823</accessionNumber>
(
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):
<location id="372AF89BD50A47FD5CBC7A35507450AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:372AF89BD50A47FD5CBC7A35507450AA" county="Goukamma Estuary" latitude="-35.249195" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.846695" municipality="Gouritsmond" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="C88696E7CBD2516EC8F2712828E2F7CF" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" unit="km" value="131.0">131 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="DEE4075E1CEAC540092EE6618855FC4D">Gouritsmond</collectingMunicipality>
/off
<collectingCounty id="70B1E84821F54C9D132200B6E7F49B2A">Goukamma Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2B07B2F4B94769A6543E07D19125A22F" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="57.1" value="-35.249195">35°14'57.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20B84B204CBCF077EDEBAB663A50AA5F" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.1" value="22.846695">22°50'48.1&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="55FDA5633818DBB379B158D658B39CAC" type="generic">
<quantity id="1916E74F0D52CF321254EE92EF22E477" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11" unit="m" value="511.0">
<elevation id="4A960A3F147ECBD4635E222E7798BECF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11" unit="m" value="511.0">511 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="333F73161325D63ABB064EC6B258CF54" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Mendu Estuary" elevation="335" latitude="-32.4167" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.971697" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A073015 (
<specimenCount id="50916C82CBBB8D93C4392BCC38A0D2ED" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="FACF4BFF9D2956BF8CD46F79F62C914E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:FACF4BFF9D2956BF8CD46F79F62C914E" county="Mendu Estuary" latitude="-32.4167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.971697" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="09D6A1D0FA4A1FFF1E497EC86B1D50EF" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="02111F787D42120C7A6D7A8BC0DE6873">Mazeppa Bay</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="947F55A4E6DA3936FD801507CF9E3355" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="4AA3165B288BB608D7A45863EA7634BA">Mendu Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="939F24CF4CCDD8858B735FB4A8AEF018" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.11" value="-32.4167">32°25'00.11&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="39629CDF1ECCBF502E8B648BCC0A16A2" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.11" value="28.971697">28°58'18.11&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="59F4F53E6D7591A644E97D6FED3F07E6" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="335.0" valueMax="340.0" valueMin="330.0">
<elevation id="FE14D86974CA532DD1EB68EB26FC3529" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="m" value="335.0" valueMax="340.0" valueMin="330.0">
330-
<specimenCount id="05715D75049ACEF1E8CF508144D3D166" type="generic">340 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="CF9F73C3E169A49B6E277689CBAD7D57" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Nhlabane Estuary" elevation="780" latitude="-29.036697" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.3267" municipality="Richards Bay" specimenCount="2">
SAMC_A073206 (
<specimenCount id="15AF7A0A86E3BC580B684C25F93AEF1C" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location id="9DC48FD7487878F90DAB4EB9E1213AC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:9DC48FD7487878F90DAB4EB9E1213AC0" county="Nhlabane Estuary" latitude="-29.036697" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.3267" municipality="Richards Bay" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="5B8E032607A8A13BFBFFFC566BE75128" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="33708A635F949E7AB60FF066BEC4B7E0">Richards Bay</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="7E410D259E32382BD69049A357A3BC91" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" unit="km" value="49.0">49 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="8C41B710318F6C1DC052A24D4C4127D3">Nhlabane Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DF58BA133EEF8721D1F2E97E15B23C71" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="12.11" value="-29.036697">29°02'12.11&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6645799848075CADBF6AC50ABA926CA1" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.12" value="32.3267">32°19'36.12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="CFEFDE2051E0B3176A4CB81E4E2B0549" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.6" unit="m" value="780.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="760.0">
<elevation id="28C009336CA09CB88162E8EAB8FA1BAA" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.6" unit="m" value="780.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="760.0">
760-
<specimenCount id="0CFA93762DAADCF35A1CD1038B1A78A8" type="generic">800 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="BE237EF953888B9B80B19CC011391029" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Bulolo Estuary" elevation="370" latitude="-31.7467" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.55" municipality="Port St. Johns" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A073220 (
<specimenCount id="CA52D47577947105854078DCF4E61CF9" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="14F1616C7475AF3E3165395BC597E509" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:14F1616C7475AF3E3165395BC597E509" county="Bulolo Estuary" latitude="-31.7467" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.55" municipality="Port St. Johns" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="29CD799B32CEA2D860FEF1B0A6930049" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="E244CD1B5956E5A7BD5BF3FC47D18B57">Port St. Johns</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="D34D60C0355D3D5E864E1EF7C3BEB194" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="3147DEA339ED08AC6CED498444F916EC">Bulolo Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="14325BBD3E52592062F4BB8B5F2DF95D" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="48.12" value="-31.7467">31°44'48.12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A90B9816F9B30822D9C0BE544454BCCC" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="29.55">29°33'00.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="A78F3ECA6EF1D045AF3983559ED52CA8" type="generic">
<quantity id="3B2E95A5B50920C6D52B13BF1EF9E9DF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="370.0">
<elevation id="55B9DBA513CDCA6B1C8A8AC253FC38D9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="370.0">370 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="30E8C91A249FA1232A6362045D2980FD" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Bilanhlolo Estuary" elevation="420" latitude="-31.651943" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.661667" municipality="Margate" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A090091 (
<specimenCount id="69B1F7A5E8BE4DF7437F791B6E617BB5" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="1D2C6113200D70D359A80A78F56153A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:1D2C6113200D70D359A80A78F56153A0" county="Bilanhlolo Estuary" latitude="-31.651943" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.661667" municipality="Margate" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="F7F407D5DE89F57BFC455D0B0AFEFBF3" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" unit="km" value="152.0">152 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="2937FE80EADD464B4CE114A98106D305">Margate</collectingMunicipality>
/off
<collectingCounty id="D26D0D858D33789FB6C86E9186E349DA">Bilanhlolo Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C01D547F0ACDC78D2C5483673EC49072" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="07.00" value="-31.651943">31°39'07.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8D8576B49DE32CDCBCD396BD1F17A51C" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="42.00" value="29.661667">29°39'42.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="97BDDEFCB081B3C11C4B2163C6F2CB71" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="420.0" valueMax="540.0" valueMin="300.0">
<elevation id="9B0A7CE41BD90123EFEA94C9E9019E7A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="420.0" valueMax="540.0" valueMin="300.0">
300-
<specimenCount id="893E7A971D584EBDBDC7548162190FD3" type="generic">540 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="25ED1DD45EAB43F6E41F7C42FDF52794" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Cunge Estuary" elevation="74" latitude="-34.15485" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.810366" municipality="Sedgefield" specimenCount="3">
SAMC_A090156 (
<specimenCount id="4F184F036CFBFA57EB5D58B9627727AB" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location id="5A10AA3A3F8F46830434F575BB68E7CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:5A10AA3A3F8F46830434F575BB68E7CC" county="Cunge Estuary" latitude="-34.15485" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.810366" municipality="Sedgefield" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="4BB8199D97BC029BB3615B21857492CF" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="5F142D4E8789F4A9D305EA189280F691">Sedgefield</collectingMunicipality>
/off
<collectingCounty id="AA12F846A5B470E6E62E90224CC7CFDA">Cunge Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4312C5EAD6C5A8FF3788E18B2BBC7BE" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.46" value="-34.15485">34°09'17.46&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="461011E54DB7760F9CA358C131C709EB" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="37.32" value="22.810366">22°48'37.32&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="9792A84C994139E89A1010EB9B9391AA" type="generic">
<quantity id="74BE2AFBDEAD285C8F422CCCA5944A9A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" unit="m" value="74.0">
<elevation id="6D4236FD055A4667EA3F65F3662FAC65" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" unit="m" value="74.0">74 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A7113F15EC3B7FDBF116A964F7BDC362" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Buffalo Estuary" elevation="128" latitude="-33.014908" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.93074" municipality="East London" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H1360 (
<specimenCount id="CAB86D22DC3F8172F94408C986F3BB4B" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="C463B9F95249452E03CDC4814AE603A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:C463B9F95249452E03CDC4814AE603A5" county="Buffalo Estuary" latitude="-33.014908" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.93074" municipality="East London" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="7EE1E56289373A1127C3DA9B9959BE4A" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="9077C2D7B0166C2118DFE7593D335AE8">East London</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="D8DD68C3A1E67A85C8B337BE6C5DF6D5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="1E80BC9C048F4F2F176FB655A1073C9F">Buffalo Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BD79F45AFA283CC5BD09BCB4C0E6B6B4" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.67" value="-33.014908">33°00'53.67&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E406874193CB0D7DD9F0F31EA9C1F733" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.67" value="27.93074">27°55'50.67&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="BE057EA90CFA39912B0DB067C7CF5BF9" type="generic">
<quantity id="95A05689E5D2D3B99F5E4E474ED9232D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">
<elevation id="1596722790BF6206F8107897AC04ACA1" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">128 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="FB2D1CF829DAB80D2C8021C4125760AA" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Buffels Oos Estuary" elevation="33" latitude="-34.298714" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.819681" municipality="Pringle Bay" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H1415 (
<specimenCount id="C103BC6E704A7CB9A45F85701F7F20E6" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="660B1D6012F774970561BC670078DDB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:660B1D6012F774970561BC670078DDB8" county="Buffels Oos Estuary" latitude="-34.298714" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.819681" municipality="Pringle Bay" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="4F25DB88D683C143F7CE54EBB663823F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="6231FA43EFF729BB9B24CC59944B8E68">Pringle Bay</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="159746026A2ECAC9A61F1C8D7D6272C2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="4B55721AC22EC497A2F393A63B6E69DF">Buffels Oos Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A8510B1E3057993FD480FE300F870BF9" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="55.37" value="-34.298714">34°17'55.37&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D950CE0AEFDFD52B8091C2A4308F8B2E" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.85" value="18.819681">18°49'10.85&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="0B8B2E4FEC69417404BE0C0C0AF74981" type="generic">
<quantity id="B2A4693CA3C3DA6D29939C241955AE95" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="m" value="33.0">
<elevation id="1019B974ADB04ADC9D88BB346EC9820D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="1183304CC400C5EF7EBF7D24C388E5BB" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Gouda Estuary" elevation="192" latitude="-33.084232" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" specimenCount="3">
SAM_H1440 (
<specimenCount id="21A2F1DB14C8F965FEF959FC0D7CB666" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location id="4EBAC4D52B73ED540277B3863637A769" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:4EBAC4D52B73ED540277B3863637A769" county="Gouda Estuary" latitude="-33.084232" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.825945" municipality="East London" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="CE540C5343AFB110701DC1DE1B69D1E5" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="3158509205F1BF3BF9E7F635B73BCE74">East London</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="2FC8E63F514838CB62A4F87671EE706F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="C0BF1986B74A7689ACFC26BF268A1909">Gouda Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1B5BA3A9CEC5B5231086277CB927A519" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.24" value="-33.084232">33°05'03.24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2FFBEE48D0B1AD30491A7ED647140B5A" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.40" value="27.825945">27°49'33.40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="C2622D9C921625726E7266F1E8C855BD" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">
<elevation id="0CA9601EC3378C363AE33D7EF93CED4D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="238.0" valueMin="146.0">
146-
<specimenCount id="862F04CDEAE02313C5D3F6D247FF86F3" type="generic">238 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9E0005AA3D9BB8501E0AC557C805B6B3" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Mfolozi Estuary" elevation="670" latitude="-28.271666" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.646667" municipality="Cape Vidal" specimenCount="26">
SAM_H3110 (
<specimenCount id="42FCCA9740214ABA30B29C42BFC503DE" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location id="D1E8363A9B58CEEC7B5EC9F3E78762A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:D1E8363A9B58CEEC7B5EC9F3E78762A6" county="Mfolozi Estuary" latitude="-28.271666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.646667" municipality="Cape Vidal" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="69A3354474307C0B8B38E0314CB1258C" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="D34875C4EF5A2CA2075677478CCA1B95">Cape Vidal</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="BF1DD430F446961E37EA92EF19513DD9" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="A48ED9F7358D28840AE3D8B7A8A5DB2D">Mfolozi Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="970B9708F093F5F6312A42DF0059B91B" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.00" value="-28.271666">28°16'18.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="24EE5F55F90C16B09AE2C2420B3484E5" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.00" value="32.646667">32°38'48.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="61C837395C2E7CAA75ABF1F0A2483F63" type="generic">
<quantity id="F3EECC22BDDE0829760F6B46C801D3B4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" unit="m" value="670.0">
<elevation id="2A9D18D86A4A7F95D90AE84FB88AFDD3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" unit="m" value="670.0">670 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="F20113553269E5AD67F801D22934885F" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Buffalo Estuary" elevation="128" latitude="-33.014908" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.93074" municipality="East London" specimenCount="2">
SAM_H3113 (
<specimenCount id="6F54DDC3EA0639F1E789B83FE774860C" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location id="7BCE0BB040831D7B44996904D44B5587" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:7BCE0BB040831D7B44996904D44B5587" county="Buffalo Estuary" latitude="-33.014908" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.93074" municipality="East London" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="0699C5D0F7587BD32316AE9F6C6079D3" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="1D0BC3C0F4B9E41DD6CEDFD21AB2ABAB">East London</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="89BF69758C5323231943AAAF5950D9B4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="8E653F175647FF816CFFDB82AFA34734">Buffalo Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="26BB4A09C7B3457F74E7AF95C8801700" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.67" value="-33.014908">33°00'53.67&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="12B276FD850AC4F94B50A7A8ECE69976" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.67" value="27.93074">27°55'50.67&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="86BABD4A35DF964F9FA7F5FDEEBB750D" type="generic">
<quantity id="6E85B0DC9215934E2FEDCEE609F9FDB3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">
<elevation id="4C6DCCF09B792CE4B53C774395175F22" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">128 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AAA4852C7BD124CB27FDFCC80C12D26" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Cwili Estuary" elevation="630" latitude="-32.916668" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.516666" municipality="Cintsa Mouth" specimenCount="8">
SAM_H3171 (
<specimenCount id="30738B2E74AC44C75CB7A4F9168F4DB5" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location id="C05F3931A79C1C7B5C84C0D6BEA3B4E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:C05F3931A79C1C7B5C84C0D6BEA3B4E8" county="Cwili Estuary" latitude="-32.916668" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.516666" municipality="Cintsa Mouth" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="97456B448FE02E8360130A97856158F0" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="56F393EC35A5EAD0BEEAF8B628953BDA">Cintsa Mouth</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="76F1B6F58551EEE5DF6F40FA6D39016D" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="DD75C835ECE006203589AC9C3A4F40F6">Cwili Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9062AFF70A2F845CC187AAB8F87A3921" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="-32.916668">32°55'00.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D947121A048BEDC1178334E117C35963" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="28.516666">28°31'00.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="95D465F425B7FE3128D009D7D94FE789" type="generic">
<quantity id="56FF00DD0007AB4D6D4CF45193DDFAF4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" unit="m" value="630.0">
<elevation id="0DC54513DFD2214C03E1331E5EAA54B8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="32EA5F5CC56F0120EC4C3AB5868FE117" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Gqunube Estuary" elevation="650" latitude="-33.1" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.13833" municipality="Gonubie" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H3174 (
<specimenCount id="26F450169DBBDBB18A615BAEADAD74E8" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="347D7750FA21DA7B9F42E28BC175E11D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:347D7750FA21DA7B9F42E28BC175E11D" county="Gqunube Estuary" latitude="-33.1" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.13833" municipality="Gonubie" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="9AC02E83B119BC7A5DD161BEC89FE3BF" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="F654F89D891D2F018A62619068648E38">Gonubie</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="7C6AF31BBA343FCB298927AD84D3CDEE" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="km" value="21.0">21 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="E38E8C112A0046ED96231830ECF5E5D8">Gqunube Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0FD1B35D6713FC30FDCD1A642C452E6F" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="-33.1">33°06'00.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3014DFB25FDD698815508C8696034C40" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.99" value="28.13833">28°08'17.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 700-
<specimenCount id="D63C8E897259F4FA1CD6A04FC40E2863" type="generic">
<quantity id="4D49F4A3595C12B6684838D04737933E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="650.0">
<elevation id="FBC4C1FF4C3993368BD4FC42FDF9613D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A4C9E4C1800CE4BA4588311458955C86" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Buffels Oos Estuary" elevation="547" latitude="-35.255" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.654999" municipality="Gansbaai" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H3829 (
<specimenCount id="7A150AE6CBF1D0AF6F1DAA39BD90AB25" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="26EFEDD4869157E4484ED64599596A4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F:26EFEDD4869157E4484ED64599596A4D" county="Buffels Oos Estuary" latitude="-35.255" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.654999" municipality="Gansbaai" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="37D05237B19F087C27CD4E0DB6B87A93" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="km" value="98.0">98 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="64A663BAD6BF6A7D14E10C2B6170415B">Gansbaai</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="DF8B51192E4CC9ED7FAC41E818A7994A" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" unit="km" value="103.0">103 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="16840182F38C985676D5E9452A499DDE">Buffels Oos Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AA938DC65814027B78FCB4295A9D9A9E" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.00" value="-35.255">35°15'18.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8EEBF7A37B9CF527988E1F6271F508DD" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.00" value="18.654999">18°39'18.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="BA7025619B23FB5AEF56F595A4853F0F" type="generic">
<quantity id="00237216656745271D6CC04041D5F461" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.47" unit="m" value="547.0">
<elevation id="2C607785EDCBB83ACCCD0CCEB0B3C7D2" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.47" unit="m" value="547.0">547 m</elevation>
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04F4FC48D658D2FA0FC24D5853A3A40C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="77BF19BE0905528EA7F3308487D62EC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24608B117352EF6807E8F234587AEF78" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Corallum ceratoid to trochoid, attached to a narrow pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.3-0.5). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.0-1.3), calicular margin slightly serrate. Largest specimen examined (SAM_H3113) 12.2
<normalizedToken id="361D2317C35FB304021AB5939C9690C6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
11.2 mm in CD, 4.9 mm in PD, and 17.5 mm in H. Costae prominent and bearing small granules near calicular margin, progressively becoming narrower towards base. Costae separated by deep furrows. Corallum white, but sometimes purplish with white columella.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="98190335FE18F83A6DE9B71D8FBD358D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S1 ≥ S2&gt; S3&gt; S4 (48 septa). S1-2 usually equally exsert, but sometimes S2 may be slightly less exsert than S1. S1 meets columella with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S1 slightly wider to equal in width to S2. S2 axial margins straight to slightly sinuous. Higher cycle septa (S3-4) progressively less exsert. S3 ~
<normalizedToken id="8A2C7D91F88FC0C204B49242904C3DAD" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
less wide than S2, with moderately sinuous axial margins. S4
<normalizedToken id="83233BC392EB6A6F65EF7BE972F05748" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
the width of S3, and bear extremely sinuous and sometimes dentate axial margins. Pali present before all but last septal cycle, being taller than columellar elements, slightly sinuous, and thick, with some half-systems having P2-3 joining in front of S2 before extending towards columella. All septal and palar faces being granulated. Fossa moderately deep, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of low-profile and compact intertwined rods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="579256F43750BB09E2085174E6B94FED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="250EC6615DB6DCA44CFCE968B1F2414D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9658F633909EE6EB3A5B31FD141F7FA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from off Pringle Bay extending towards Cape Vidal; 33-800 m. Elsewhere: north-western Madagascar and off Walter Shoal (
<bibRefCitation id="B5E407FDCCFC031EFF3B564DA6E98610" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
); 760-780 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9FE96C6FB7F07BCC479E7B84148ACB1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="A9687F183666D0073E3D2C32D0777EE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A452B7537884D7FD9B9041B5F8794F58" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Although specimens resemble
<bibRefCitation id="41513E5A6EFAB91FEA29E8E16AEA5371" author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Investigations of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 129" refId="B99" refString="Gardiner, J, 1904. The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation. Marine Investigations of South Africa 3 (4): 97 - 129" title="The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation." volume="3" year="1904">
<normalizedToken id="137A1FDAAF09085585B0C525FCD83414" originalValue="Gardiners">Gardiner's</normalizedToken>
(1904)
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="64F406B097852E6937C12F2249F9271F" authority=")" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus (T.)" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="T.">Trochocyathus (T.)</taxonomicName>
sp. in having four cycles with the following septal formula S1 ≥ S2&gt; S3&gt; S4, they differ in S4 consistently bearing sinuous to dentate axial margins unlike the exclusively dentate appearance observed in
<bibRefCitation id="6BA81292A613EC4B5D0CE134825F7806" author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Investigations of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 129" refId="B99" refString="Gardiner, J, 1904. The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation. Marine Investigations of South Africa 3 (4): 97 - 129" title="The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation." volume="3" year="1904">
<normalizedToken id="5A23C8D144C4E22D85440612A6FE0904" originalValue="Gardiners">Gardiner's</normalizedToken>
(1904)
</bibRefCitation>
representatives. The level of granulation on septal and palar faces may also distinguish the two forms, of which
<taxonomicName id="A3B9F67695B806D27159446DE8A21692" authority=")" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus (T.)" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="T.">Trochocyathus (T.)</taxonomicName>
sp. cf.
<taxonomicName id="434A10BB481BBB87F48D2AA12B04CF21" lsidName="T. rawsonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rawsonii">
<emphasis id="17C273B040944B760E1E747FB401E75D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. rawsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D5C51DB49C5DC4BDF8D81629149776DE" class="Anthozoa" family="Guyniidae" genus="Guynia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Guynia sensu" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sensu">Guynia sensu</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="C7D67FE6A9FA187D30B52EC5F4725163" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller (1993)</bibRefCitation>
has low coverage appearance (with large granules prominent along the septal faces) as compared with the fine and dense granules throughout both the pali and septa (giving specimens a rough appearance) in
<bibRefCitation id="43DCE4CD97345105D04C041E71DA9F6C" author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Investigations of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 129" refId="B99" refString="Gardiner, J, 1904. The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation. Marine Investigations of South Africa 3 (4): 97 - 129" title="The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation." volume="3" year="1904">
<normalizedToken id="4FB1484A2326E9FCA65591FA8036C274" originalValue="Gardiners">Gardiner's</normalizedToken>
(1904)
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="BA5936F40791C8D9D73CC81B34FBED36" authorityName="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE1B0577A9724E2A4B52409C2550FBB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trochocyathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms. Furthermore, the pali are compact in
<taxonomicName id="53F481806C05A87FA67A641C7A60B809" authority=")" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus (T.)" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="T.">Trochocyathus (T.)</taxonomicName>
sp. cf.
<taxonomicName id="F6725DE3FD32602948B2720722882975" lsidName="T. rawsonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rawsonii">
<emphasis id="E0503ED23FE9660614E3DAC5AF60F341" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. rawsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9E307C07AA0662D4A03C1C9AC83DEFAA" class="Anthozoa" family="Guyniidae" genus="Guynia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Guynia sensu" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sensu">Guynia sensu</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="5C5E527DF424654C22585638CEDEBCDB" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller (1993)</bibRefCitation>
rather than being loosely packed (
<taxonomicName id="E71ABEB55DF4022BB2CDD488A2463D3A" authority=")" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus (T.)" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="T.">Trochocyathus (T.)</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 cf.
<taxonomicName id="AE938B1D757654CE2E44D5AB0108A8C4" lsidName="T. rawsonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rawsonii">
<emphasis id="40546C9794E8471EFFE4E69951AEFBBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. rawsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2F06FE62AD5E1B565D3D3708EB80538B" class="Anthozoa" family="Guyniidae" genus="Guynia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Guynia sensu" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sensu">Guynia sensu</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="2D347192D071871D92AD104E88AD539F" author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Investigations of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="97 - 129" refId="B99" refString="Gardiner, J, 1904. The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation. Marine Investigations of South Africa 3 (4): 97 - 129" title="The turbinolid corals of South Africa, with notes on their anatomy and variation." volume="3" year="1904">Gardiner (1904)</bibRefCitation>
). However, some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="BDCF920A125A5806956F671BDE15432D" authority=")" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus (T.)" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="T.">Trochocyathus (T.)</taxonomicName>
sp. cf.
<taxonomicName id="50E475C06D175F3AD61F9333565C5221" lsidName="T. rawsonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rawsonii">
<emphasis id="8CFDAA2E41A9139CB6D3EF6556BAF48B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. rawsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3DF7408604EF779C12B3FED9FD1F8F3C" class="Anthozoa" family="Guyniidae" genus="Guynia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Guynia sensu" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sensu">Guynia sensu</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B4DBBD86B2C32B7A01109F8FE87DD2CE" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller (1993)</bibRefCitation>
diverge from the typical compact pali, thus bearing a tall and thin pali (SAM_H1415 and SAMC_A090156).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>