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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="24272" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.906.47978" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8cc42c7-e9ad-42fc-ba79-78daea513354" ID-PMC="PMC6989643" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-906-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="33B523D44A1E5FECBC706B74B9397519" ID-PubMed="32021555" ID-ZooBank="EF6D38B4B1A3402BB7642DACCA490AC7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-906-13" checkinTime="1579803439732" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zamani, Alireza, Marusik, Yuri M. &amp; Sestakova, Anna" docDate="2020" docId="72BF7FAB83835E51AB69EBA32E35590E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 906: 13-40" docOrigin="ZooKeys 906" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.906.47978" docTitle="Araniella villanii Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="067356F5-0F8F-4F5D-A3D9-604EE3AEDC12" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="33B523D44A1E5FECBC706B74B9397519" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="33B523D44A1E5FECBC706B74B9397519" masterDocTitle="On Araniella and Neoscona (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1732937723050" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F1B24B488EE07E5FC726226957313434">On Araniella and Neoscona (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D7755D679F3A9E492BBAB9761D437B22">Zamani, Alireza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77F1CDE8D4184AE0565FBDBED605575C">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BDEAECDE3F54C9AA4D1F2974F14A108">Sestakova, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D3C9078C8FBE3617C1C3E6FAEA9F0A7D">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="72BF7FAB83835E51AB69EBA32E35590E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161838082" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:067356F5-0F8F-4F5D-A3D9-604EE3AEDC12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72BF7FAB83835E51AB69EBA32E35590E" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Araneidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="C4E9201BD9083F20B67B237651D01E09" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="34B8B46F181C766603D2A5BEDE83368E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="81FEB62661654CE534986A342C492FC8" ID-CoL="95FCJ" LSID="72BF7FAB-8383-5E51-AB69-EBA32E35590E" authority="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková, 2020" authorityName="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii" status="sp. nov.">Araniella villanii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BB2722D54C59F3DA41A326104999DCE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="A680BF71A0E8BD55C35D6F761934DB64" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, C) and A. villanii sp. nov. (B, D) and abdomen of A. nigromaculata (E). A, B Males C, D females. Blue triangles point on black dots on opisthosoma. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374403" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 1B, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9003FA7AAC8FEC415D3FC96462328C03" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palps of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A, B) and A. proxima (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374405" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 3A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="71FFDEED043DEA748C9CF2DBDA74458D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palps of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, B) and A. villanii sp. nov. (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventral. Abbreviations: Co conductor, Em embolus, Ma median apophysis, Ra radix, Ta terminal apophysis, Tr tegular ridge, Tt tip of tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374406" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 4C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B3CA9E70EB4DFBD64155E7ECA240255D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM graphs of the bulbs of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A, B) and A. proxima (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventro-retrolateral. Blue - median apophysis, green - embolus, red - terminal apophysis, violet - conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374407" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 5A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3B0A4C71273929E72FD632328C39EACD" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374409" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A74B5ED42CEE06CD33523995F5A7F9FD" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Posterior view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C), A. opisthographa (D) and A. nigromaculata (E). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374410" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 8A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C6ACBC369C9E64C6B1C29B7F57B65E0E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Anterior view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374411" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A1A55E0A0228270BF63070E48F3DEEEA" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Lateral view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374412" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 10A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="73445312B96B217BA15C55B916295310" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Distribution records of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (blue circle), A. villanii sp. nov. (violet star), Neoscona isatis sp. nov. (green pentagon), N. spasskyi (black square), N. theisi (gray triangle, only new records) and N. tedgenica (brown asterisk)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374420" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82573CF1A7269497A3C4F6C50EA5721C" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type material">
<paragraph id="175439E0303C33B0AF90E4E50D9D10F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA1089C27A72CB49B4016F310733BCE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Iran:
<emphasis id="798524178B078E09BF514F959D3CDED9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Holotype</emphasis>
♂ and
<emphasis id="16E7DA77C0252E9D732CE6D3E638F354" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">paratypes</emphasis>
1♀ (MHNG), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari Province: Kuhrang,
<geoCoordinate id="4276DCAE0F0DCFB9935066BC2CE6040A" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.466667">32°28'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B912A467216005653FB78A186F61A297" degrees="50" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="50.133335">50°08'E</geoCoordinate>
, 19.06.1974 (A. Senglet). Kazakhstan: 2♂ 4♀ (ZMMU), East Kazakhstan Region: Urzhar Distr., Tarbagatai Mt. Range, 5 km NE of Alekseevka, Urzharka river canyon, left bank,
<geoCoordinate id="33BDD27AC9E5B6DFF13701AAE380AD32" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="47.283333">47°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEA6DC7CB6AB42B05EA3FE92BEF19BFE" degrees="81" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="81.61667">81°37'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1050-1200 m, 23.06.2001 (A.V. Gromov); 3♂ 4♀ (ZMMU), Urzhar Distr., 7-8 km NE of Karatuma [=Kirovka], Tarbagatai Mt. Range, Sholakterek river canyon, left bank,
<geoCoordinate id="BDCADBB597C8992E93EA1338DF2FC3A0" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="47.166668">47°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="17AD7E6F00CE712A75765EAB77FC43AB" degrees="82" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="82.1">82°06'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1200-1250 m, 23.06.2001 (A.V. Gromov); 1♂ 2♀ (ZMMU), Urzhar Distr., ca. 4 km NE of Kyzylbulak [=Petrovskoye], Kyzylbulak river canyon, left bank,
<geoCoordinate id="1D27FADAFCBE05024942727E1EB1C877" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="47.05">47°03'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3C4A89CBCA8EFD25BA525B66B02FC487" degrees="82" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="82.3">82°18'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1100-1150 m, 21.06.2001 (A.V. Gromov). India: 6♂ 2♀ (MMUE), Himachal Pradesh State: Tandi Vill., 5 km S of Keylong, 2700 m, 11.06.1999 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♂ 1♀ (MMUE), Jahalman Vill.,
<geoCoordinate id="03C0B5D0219EFD59F66D1F58CC6159FB" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.633335">32°38'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5B1319692EB6E260D94AF5F8478E08B6" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="76.85">76°51'E</geoCoordinate>
, 3000-3100 m, 13.06.1999 (Y.M. Marusik).
</paragraph>
<caption id="AEE2313895F354E249D23EDA9215E876" doi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374405" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="4B7AF97B9BBDEBC0A58235338E5E379E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="620309591EDFD4A3074A1936EFCF5D3D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Male palps of
<taxonomicName id="EE4FDA21D06113F5381F8427967C79CD" authorityName="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="6339FA080D7960AFF887CA279D2330D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Araniella villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis id="894C7A0C12A039BA5D6A67C696C4F5FE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, B</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="D10057E81C4FDDBAFAE3F5F19215B0F8" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="44577A287189B61AFCE7B158EBC1F3E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="02AB463D91031664C26D584DDD3ED248" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C, D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="E7A7AFD46B5C31E43A51430B74748BBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, C</emphasis>
Retrolateral
<emphasis id="F4EE9A27E6CAE61A4A3DA7FF24A9FA12" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B, D</emphasis>
ventral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D9F5330EB29FC514B41C71AEB11C4EF2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374406" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="6F3D6CE31B94D0047CE5A889FEA28571" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="C7413843AA529FE4E5E3DF65A9A81A3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Male palps of
<taxonomicName id="F0F9758EC80B1263A9B44ABFD28EAC19" authorityName="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella mithra" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mithra">
<emphasis id="749A6600B740CC9E191BBEE7776424DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Araniella mithra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis id="79D9A5935630FB00D9D9CA1A7CB32A9D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, B</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="DDB6BAA30FAB00F7974905D4BBF077D5" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="C66B5AA653560F63BCD72318C4C7731F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis id="2F3DBBC4934CD882595B9FBF2B476BFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C, D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="FF7FAFD655715768A1894BC9BBF92C9E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, C</emphasis>
Retrolateral
<emphasis id="4429E9DEB651C5E882C0B8BBBEE53E57" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B, D</emphasis>
ventral. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="744674E81261117E0A2E056E8955CCA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Co</emphasis>
conductor,
<emphasis id="922E05F38D3EA10AF4F988E5FEB3FBB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Em</emphasis>
embolus,
<emphasis id="6B747FA36CBDC560A5476BD0627B0DB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ma</emphasis>
median apophysis,
<emphasis id="A5CA39F829402B9B0ADB84D9D7F60B4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ra</emphasis>
radix,
<emphasis id="92DF80312595C246CFF18C2549601EC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ta</emphasis>
terminal apophysis,
<emphasis id="3C94FD6F6995D2A8C64024AC2D8EE698" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tr</emphasis>
tegular ridge,
<emphasis id="39F99ED90C3227C56353AC3FC83E6054" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tt</emphasis>
tip of tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7799642ACE015E666C2D09B4E5FF745" doi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374407" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="A4F0C83432CDFCEE16933D6D0E90B038" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AEEE50693C66D2F40FC2F401147D9CE7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 5.</emphasis>
SEM graphs of the bulbs of
<taxonomicName id="E36E6492B1B279DC16B86A6FF60AB76A" authorityName="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="52BF19518C924B7BCCD4245792FBEE08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Araniella villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis id="AD92A3F25F98643346AAAC6DBFD8D691" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, B</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="FB5F3672084B2BC9BAFACE20910D4483" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="A96D0E0E849E4A899F3B80DC41916C0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="8271CBDA57552F578AD1CE1108DE3963" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C, D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="E2BBC981C7BCE6E80FCC82C3B1F9FE1B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, C</emphasis>
Retrolateral
<emphasis id="6D0EF75CD4A2F80D61BB4D3F149C60D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B, D</emphasis>
ventro-retrolateral. Blue - median apophysis, green - embolus, red - terminal apophysis, violet - conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="98C515A2BD74456F410642FD8B987905" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="27664FA304C321F93BA9BC31F1F68AED" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Comparative material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75CB613F3398883A7F55D09127480FBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="265593DC3C4412C502BA56A4BE38D11F" baseAuthorityName="Kulczyński" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="51D7D5C0B91F94DEB488D71A9C74CAC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Araniella proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="FB6CADD9492D4C737E6569F41405592B" originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1885). Russia: 1♂ 1♀ (ZMMU): SE Tuva, Tere-Khol Lake, Sharlaa Stand and vicinity,
<geoCoordinate id="9BB7FD56336E1DBF93997A80FEF55A2A" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="50.016666">50°01'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="35DEA64D5303C5C2DF98187DF364300A" degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="95.05">95°03'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1050 m, 6-14.07.1996 (Y.M. Marusik).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CE513959661036548EFF3E3F26A0B53" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="331F10D4A6E9137B6A02BCE5C653322B" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3B881A585568C0B86AB1EE286E6F3CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
This species is named after French mathematician
<normalizedToken id="A1B89BAD2D764662819451CA169D8EB8" originalValue="Cédric">Cedric</normalizedToken>
Villani (born 5.10.1973), winner of the Fields Medal in 2010 and the former director of Sorbonne
<normalizedToken id="E63B35E7A66FDC51BA535B25C3B68766" originalValue="University’s">University's</normalizedToken>
Henri
<normalizedToken id="86346C1BA972434B482C750D40273AD1" originalValue="Poincaré">Poincare</normalizedToken>
Institute, for his &quot;mysterious love&quot; for spiders.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D95CB914A8E9ECFDF0883CA62CF89061" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6795C01D3027565DC56D956126A086BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F1FB851D63D7BEE2D16790CC2924FF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Male palp and epigyne resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="D85CFEE9B5D0DBA839E8E9EDC583C204" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="1E8820EA672531D5A46104350E3A1868" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="771A5CF718E4FA1ADDBADB1F848C2CF3" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis id="F288221AF6ED1E0EEB73F89C94EC8951" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species, compared to
<taxonomicName id="D7A0D41D3B80D90A31F1F32420F1AD54" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="AE97397826C815CF49CDB712F17F32F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., have similar shape of embolus, and terminal apophysis is identical to that of
<taxonomicName id="9784F9BF0BB0C3D783268F8464F04134" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="3944ECC7BFE145583CFC5A25B4CB64EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and conductor is identical to that of
<taxonomicName id="2B6CED8DEBD321155EC0D84D3D64A03C" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis id="BD18DACBA0D5A865E9185997B4022D67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the new species can be diagnosed by the following characteristics: 1) the tegulum in
<taxonomicName id="C79E5840772E84213A1CA8F3EDFC9463" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="71DDEBCC310B037BECB200FE17A15590" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is markedly shorter, higher, protruding and rounded, vs. more compact non-protruding tegulum with distinctly higher ridge in
<taxonomicName id="5585F3629B86EFB2F6BB9231EA75939D" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="D2EAEB17890DEE4171B5DF696F707F1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and slender with pointed tip in
<taxonomicName id="F63C1A0A87BFC96CC36B74EED4D91A90" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis id="C26B0980CFE16ECAFB5CAFFF4B79E2A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) the terminal apophysis in
<taxonomicName id="921CE2A5EF71FE71DA6E361C20B34843" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="19AFC8E64D67A5EF71103BA6DA032F1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is almost as wide throughout its length, vs. wider at the tip in
<taxonomicName id="F54141AF2386D8F49CA80B9ADB4B3AD3" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis id="266DD0B0B1AF0C9AE65CB39E0A8D0A50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3) the conductor in
<taxonomicName id="F915B57D7FD106CA89C6E21A18E1AD24" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="95122B561156C21C9FD00529B5C4B24E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has one spike and one more rounded process connected to each other, vs. two independent spikes in
<taxonomicName id="3ADDFAFCADAA50FD956A5BFD86E65593" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="48086CDE16DE6B7ED4EFA6294A823FD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 4) the median apophysis in
<taxonomicName id="DF404B713B84845D5953E93AA33885A7" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="9C04425FE90623D3AF185AC47FC609C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is longer in comparison to both mentioned species; 5) epigyne of
<taxonomicName id="E2D2A33E098E0B14A48B783E18578AC3" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="994BEA84462CFD8A056E74088BACA9A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has a distinctly broader scape, vs. slender in
<taxonomicName id="779E91A30B47B734E78A3FCEBEA64FDA" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="91FF170C549C94C055C607875F6B20FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFB0117FDE1B3E4EFD6921EAC29EC021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis id="AD6AB750A7F432937A8E9FFE684C9FC6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 6) the median plate is narrower and more rectangular in the new species, vs. wider and rounded plate in
<taxonomicName id="B49FEB15B4FAE600D20327AB700E6ABC" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis id="E0442BC1FB7501719DB5E6F855A46BFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and triangular plate in
<taxonomicName id="CC171ECA18F8E1896525962C2252E777" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="D201626A2167D26EE89CC76A63CF69F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 7) receptacles and entrance ducts in
<taxonomicName id="6962D8E8FEDFE05AAAB71C66D98A7C74" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis id="2F1A5C76A76AF39270F8895AAC2BC5CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. do not touch each other, but in
<taxonomicName id="0BF56E64B1CF4DAAC7E49A15F4DC84DD" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis id="E8549CADAFD3972FE2C36681FA103DF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both structures touch each other, and in
<taxonomicName id="AAF5E29A12D7C1042D45FF9891A71898" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="DF0FFEFA80094C30672017EAA4CC8E86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only receptacles touch each other.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7E8D78EB43DC076C4849DC97EE997DCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="6DC77613AD8C1FDE0E0DC6D50FBF74F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224D3B00BAE909932DB22276DF069CE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
(colors and pattern seem faded).
<emphasis id="33689BE8AAB6745ED14AFFA06BDA9627" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Male</emphasis>
(holotype). Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="C23B433385DE3DF8D2787920689C09B1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, C) and A. villanii sp. nov. (B, D) and abdomen of A. nigromaculata (E). A, B Males C, D females. Blue triangles point on black dots on opisthosoma. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374403" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1B</figureCitation>
. Total length 4.37. Carapace 1.91 long, 1.69 wide in pars thoracica, 0.76 in pars cephalica. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.08, ALE: 0.07, PME: 0.09, PLE: 0.09, AME-AME: 0.12, PME-PME: 0.11. Carapace, sternum, labium, chelicerae, and maxillae reddish brown, lighter ventrally, carapace with two broad dark marginal bands. Legs lighter in color than the carapace, distally with dark broad annulations. Abdomen pale (stored in alcohol, most probably green in live specimens) dorsally, dark gray ventrally, posterodorsally with three pairs of black lateral spots. Spinnerets light brown, apical segment lighter. Leg I measurements: 6.43 (1.97, 0.82, 1.50, 1.46, 0.68).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7196BE4721A6F027B42E851B3AA8A66B" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Palp as in Figs
<figureCitation id="625589C22C6B4004F27BC572632D7117" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palps of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A, B) and A. proxima (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374405" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="5209482660DD464298B7F0E2006589CE" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palps of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, B) and A. villanii sp. nov. (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventral. Abbreviations: Co conductor, Em embolus, Ma median apophysis, Ra radix, Ta terminal apophysis, Tr tegular ridge, Tt tip of tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374406" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4C, D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="28FDEC2DDCC0907AF1CFB057DBDE361A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM graphs of the bulbs of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A, B) and A. proxima (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventro-retrolateral. Blue - median apophysis, green - embolus, red - terminal apophysis, violet - conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374407" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5A, B</figureCitation>
. Tegulum terminally blunt with round ridge; terminal apophysis with blunt end and almost equally wide along its length; embolus triangular-shaped, with wider base; median apophysis sickle-shaped bent upwards with pointed tip ending near base of embolus and covered by many small denticles; conductor with one distinct spike and one more rounded process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BDCC65C61995BDC318A160197D0F334" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="04861382F6DA41C328FE262512B69013" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Female.</emphasis>
Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="BCD8E02DFE6C5F17739343AA05ACD338" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, C) and A. villanii sp. nov. (B, D) and abdomen of A. nigromaculata (E). A, B Males C, D females. Blue triangles point on black dots on opisthosoma. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374403" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1D</figureCitation>
. Total length 6.00. Carapace 2.58 long, 2.15 wide in pars thoracica, 1.29 in pars cephalica. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.09, ALE: 0.08, PME: 0.10, PLE: 0.09, AME-AME: 0.14, PME-PME: 0.12. Coloration as in male. Leg I measurements: 6.78 (1.93, 0.98, 1.49, 1.51, 0.87).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1579D35C4DAB87790D46B4EA3741FC77" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Epigyne as in Figs
<figureCitation id="79F1B8EB46306596EE17DF4D59C68718" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374409" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="729072773B0D823719C34A96D143ED22" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Posterior view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C), A. opisthographa (D) and A. nigromaculata (E). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374410" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FBFB4BC7A8430BCF8E3DF7162A98D09E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Anterior view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374411" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1B5E8DF0E397E0AF9E9114070282DC24" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Lateral view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374412" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10A</figureCitation>
. Scape wider in the middle, extending beyond epigynal plate. Copulatory ducts not clearly visible through epigyne cuticle. Oval receptacles are about half their diameter apart; entrance ducts a similar distance apart. Median plate (posterior view), between lateral sclerotized copulatory bulges, slender, slightly wider in the middle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2D9092C0F725CE22930AADCF7879E010" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="2EB4882847382F03DAE37DFE0EA72E14" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F2689B57E5D14B3B6CEA124056AF925" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">All adult specimens were collected in mid and late June.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9B0B447FBACED5F070C98F7D62C8BE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="66635E9EA8BC2B0BD306AB4C6E6E7BFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B48BAF69ADC7C6DB337960E331649D35" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Known only from the type localities in southwestern Iran, eastern Kazakhstan and northern India. Potentially widely distributed in the Middle East and Central Asia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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