308 lines
33 KiB
XML
308 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7521dd07-c87e-46e4-b818-d9daf2741a93" ID-PMC="PMC6477872" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-836-15" ID-PubMed="31048958" ID-ZBK="0A4087DD0AD44D9CB5DE0A38639153F4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-836-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 836" ModsDocTitle="Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)" checkinTime="1555318534122" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="M. Moran, Kevin & H. Skevington, Jeffrey" docDate="2019" docId="729F632C36768D00C613BB8F11D162FA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 836: 15-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 836" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326" docTitle="Sphecomyia Moran & Skevington, 2019, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="D90FFFB8FFEFFF9DFFEBFF9E8C38FFC3" masterDocTitle="Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668167126027" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>M. Moran, Kevin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>H. Skevington, Jeffrey</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>836</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>15</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>79</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-836-15</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0A4087DD0AD44D9CB5DE0A38639153F4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0A4087DD0AD44D9CB5DE0A38639153F4</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156200167" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:729F632C36768D00C613BB8F11D162FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/729F632C36768D00C613BB8F11D162FA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="21" start="start">Sphecomyia</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="21">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 1, 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2J, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomye" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomye" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">Sphecomye</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="JB Bailliere, Paris" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" title="Familles naturelles du regne animal." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34914" year="1825">Latreille 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 495.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Latreille in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bory, JBGM" journalOrPublisher="15: Rua-S, Paris" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" title="Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.33901" year="1829">Bory 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 545 (also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="JB Bailliere, Paris" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11575" year="1829">Latreille 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 495) -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40963" year="1886">Williston 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 256;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osburn, RC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="43" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 14" title="British Columbia Syrphidae, new species and additions to the list." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent401-1" volume="40" year="1908">Osburn 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 14;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shannon, RC" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="43 - 44" title="North American Sphecomyia (Diptera, Syrphidae)." volume="2" year="1925">Shannon 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 43;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curran, CH" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="41" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 9" title="New American Syrphidae (Diptera), with notes." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2246/2990" volume="519" year="1932">Curran 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 8; Stone 1965: 612;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weisman, KE" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="264 - 272" title="The male genitalia of the genus Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2708603" volume="76" year="1965">Weisman 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 265,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weisman, KE" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="50 - 56" title="Distribution of the genus Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2705798" volume="77" year="1966 a">1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 50,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weisman, KE" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="189 - 199" title="Sphecomyia (Diptera: Syrphidae) a Taxonomic and Descriptive Analysis." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2705959" volume="77" year="1966 b">1966b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 189;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Vockeroth and Thompson 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 736. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Chrysotoxum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotoxum vittatum" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittatum">Chrysotoxum vittatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiedemann, CRW" journalOrPublisher="University Studies of the University of Nebraska" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14603" year="1830">Wiedemann 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by subsequent designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Macquart, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, Lille" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" pagination="65 - 200" title="Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15792" volume="1841" year="1842">Macquart 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Epopter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epopter" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epopter</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiedemann, CRW" journalOrPublisher="University Studies of the University of Nebraska" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14603" year="1830">Wiedemann 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 91. Synonymy in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evenhuis, NL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="41" pageNumber="56" pagination="001 - 075" title="Nomenclatural studies toward a world catalog of Diptera genus-group names. III. Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3638.1.1" volume="3638" year="2013">Evenhuis and Pont 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Psarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psarus ornatus" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Psarus ornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wiedemann, 1830 [=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia vittata" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">Sphecomyia vittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wiedemann, 1830)], by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" genus="Tyzenhausia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tyzenhausia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">Tyzenhausia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gorski, SB" journalOrPublisher="Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="41" pageNumber="56" title="Analecta ad Entomographium provinviarum occidentali-meridionalium imperii Rossici." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12465" year="1852">Gorski 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 172. Synonymy in Wahlberg, 1854: 155. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" genus="Tyzenhausia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tyzenhausia vespiformis" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="vespiformis">Tyzenhausia vespiformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gorski, SB" journalOrPublisher="Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="41" pageNumber="56" title="Analecta ad Entomographium provinviarum occidentali-meridionalium imperii Rossici." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12465" year="1852">Gorski 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurhinomallota</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bigot, JMF" journalOrPublisher="Natur I Nort, Umea" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51820" year="1882">Bigot 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 78. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota metallica" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Eurhinomallota metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bigot, JMF" journalOrPublisher="Natur I Nort, Umea" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51820" year="1882">Bigot 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by original designation. Syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhynomallota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhynomallota" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurhynomallota</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bigot, JMF" journalOrPublisher="Natur I Nort, Umea" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32548649" year="1883">Bigot 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 225. Unjustified emendation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurhinomallota</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurinomallota" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">Eurinomallota</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kertesz, K" journalOrPublisher="Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" title="Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. VII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5147" year="1910">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kertész">Kertesz</normalizedToken>
|
||
1910
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 62. Unjustified emendation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurhinomallota</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Brachymyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachymyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="University Studies of the University of Nebraska" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1477-4" year="1882 a">Williston 1882a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 77 -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="299 - 332" title="Contribution to a monograph of the North American Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40965" volume="20" year="1882 b">Williston 1882b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 330;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shatalkin, AI" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="127 - 134" title="A taxonomic analysis of the hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae). II." volume="54" year="1975">Shatalkin 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 131. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Brachymyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymyia lupina" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupina">Brachymyia lupina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Williston 1882, by original designation. Syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Male dichoptic. Both sexes with bare, medial vitta extending ventrally from oral margin, usually to base of antenna, except interrupted by pruinosity at facial tubercle in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. interrupta" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="interrupta">S. interrupta</taxonomicName>
|
||
and only extending to facial tubercle in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. metallica" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="metallica">S. metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gena bare. Katepimeron bare. Scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose. Narrow intersection of vein R1 with vein C. Anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae. Distance between apices of veins R1 and R2+3 longer than distance between apices of veins R2+3 and vein R4+5+M1. Abdominal pile erect. Phallapodeme banana-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Male. Body length: 9.2-17.1 mm. Wing length: 7.7-12.1 mm. Head. Face black, bare, concave beneath antenna, produced downwards and pruinose except with bare, medial vitta extending from oral margin, usually to base of antenna, except interrupted by pruinosity at facial tubercle in male
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. interrupta" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="interrupta">S. interrupta</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moran sp. n., and only extending to facial tubercle in male
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. metallica" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="metallica">S. metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bigot, 1882) or just beyond in the female; gena broad, as broad or broader than long, bare, shiny; anterior tentorial pit short, extending along ventral one-third of eye, pilose; frontal prominence distinct; frons broad, of variable size, at least partially pruinose; vertex variable in shape and pruinosity; ocellar triangle pilose, small; eye bare; male dichoptic; antenna length variable; kidney-shaped basoflagellomere, except sub-triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. brevicornis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="brevicornis">S. brevicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vespiformis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="vespiformis">S. vespiformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vittata" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="vittata">S. vittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with bare arista dorsally placed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Thorax. About as long as broad, short pilose except in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia metallica" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Sphecomyia metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||
; postpronotum pilose; proepimeron pilose; anterior anepisternum bare, posterior anepisternum pilose; scutum with or without pruinose vittae; scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose, without apical sulcus and with ventral pile fringe; katepisternum bare anteriorly, discontinuously pilose posteriorly with broadly separated patches; anepimeron with anterior portion pilose, and dorsomedial and posterior bare; katepimeron bare; metathoracic pleuron bare; without hypopleural pile at the base of the posterior thoracic spiracle; meron bare, except variable pilose in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vespiformis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="vespiformis">S. vespiformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; metathoracic spiracle about same size as flagellum; metasternum pilose; postmetacoxal bridge incomplete; plumula simple, elongate, short, not reaching calypteral margin; calypter yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Legs. Coxae pilose anteriorly, bare posteriorly; hind coxa pruinose anteriorly; metafemur narrow, at most slightly swollen, without basoventral setose patch; metatibia transverse apically, rounded basoventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Wing. Hyaline; stigmatic crossvein present; crossvein r-m at outer fourth of cell dm; anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae (Fig. 3B); narrow intersection of vein R1 with vein C (Fig. 3B); distance between apices of veins R1 and R2+3 longer than distance between apices of veins R2+3 and R4+5+M1 (Fig. 3B); cell r2+3 open; vein R4+5 straight; vein R4+5+M1 no longer than crossvein h; vein M2 absent; vein CuP+CuA short, curved.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Abdomen. Oval, slightly longer than broad, often with pruinose bands; abdominal pile erect.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Male genitalia. Surstyli symmetric; aedeagus segmented, with phallapodeme separated from basiphallus and distiphallus; phallapodeme banana-shaped (Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–O">A-O</normalizedToken>
|
||
); well-developed ctenidion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="female">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Female.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">As in male, except for usual sexual dimorphism.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">13 Nearctic (12 Western, 1 Eastern) and 3 Palaearctic species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="JB Bailliere, Paris" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" title="Familles naturelles du regne animal." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34914" year="1825">Latreille (1825)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first referenced the genus in French vernacular as
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Sphecomye" lsidName="Sphecomye" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">Sphecomye</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on specimens collected in Carolina by D. Bose. No description was included, nor was a specific epithet assigned to the specimens, thus the name is considered unavailable.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stark, J" journalOrPublisher="Stark, Edinburgh; and Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London" pageId="45" pageNumber="60" title="Elements of natural history, adapted to the present state of the science, containing the generic characters of nearly the whole animal kingdom, and descriptions of the principal species. Volume II. Invertebrata, & c. A. Black and J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23508" year="1828">Stark (1828)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a translation from French vernacular as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but as it referenced
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="JB Bailliere, Paris" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" title="Familles naturelles du regne animal." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34914" year="1825">Latreille (1825)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
it still is not considered available.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is first made available in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="JB Bailliere, Paris" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11575" year="1829">Latreille (1829)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in which description of the genus is provided.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Macquart, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, Lille" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" pagination="65 - 200" title="Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15792" volume="1841" year="1842">Macquart (1842)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Chrysotoxum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotoxum vittatum" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittatum">Chrysotoxum vittatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wiedemann as the type species by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
In this paper,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is redefined as the monophyletic unit of species within
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Criorhinina" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Criorhinina">Criorhinina</taxonomicName>
|
||
that possess the following characters: a bare, medial vitta extending ventrally from the oral margin in both sexes, a bare gena, a bare katepimeron, a scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose, an anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae and a narrow intersection of vein R1 with vein C. While the combination of characters used to define
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique, the subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Criorhinina" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Criorhinina">Criorhinina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rife with homoplasy and the presence of one or more of these character states without all the others should not be taken as an indication a species belongs in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Brachymyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachymyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Williston, 1882 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurhinomallota</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bigot, 1882 are newly synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the type species of both genera fall within this definition and are combined with it as a result of this change. This decision is further supported
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="22" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
|
||
molecular evidence showing a close relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e., the present COI gene tree and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Criorhinina" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Criorhinina">Criorhinina</taxonomicName>
|
||
which will be presented in an upcoming paper. It is the authors opinion that combination with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as opposed to resurrecting the concept as a monotypic genus, serves to emphasize its relationship with the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
There are three major, monophyletic lineages of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The vittata group, composed of the species with pruinose vittae on the scutum, i.e., S.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Criorhinina" lsidName="Criorhinina brevicornis" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="brevicornis">brevicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. interrupta" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="interrupta">S. interrupta</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sexfasciata" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="sexfasciata">S. sexfasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moran sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vespiforme" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="vespiforme">S. vespiforme</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vittata" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="vittata">S. vittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Secondly, the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Criorhinina" lsidName="Criorhinina pattonii" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pattonii">pattonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
group comprised of species with broadened fore tarsi and without pruinose vittae on the scutum, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. aino" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="aino">S. aino</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stackelberg, 1955),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cryptica" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="cryptica">S. cryptica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moran sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dyari" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="dyari">S. dyari</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hoguei" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="hoguei">S. hoguei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moran sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. oraria" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="oraria">S. oraria</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moran sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pattonii" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pattonii">S. pattonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pseudosphecomima" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pseudosphecomima">S. pseudosphecomima</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moran sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tsherepanovi" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="tsherepanovi">S. tsherepanovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Violovitsh, 1973), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. weismani" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="weismani">S. weismani</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moran sp. n. The third group comprises only one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia metallica" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Sphecomyia metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a completely pruinose scutum.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. metallica" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="metallica">S. metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares several characters with the vittata group. It has elongated surstyli, with a rounded baso-ventral lobe, reminiscent of the vittata group and it lacks the broadened fore tarsi of the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Criorhinina" lsidName="Criorhinina pattonii" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pattonii">pattonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Morphological characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
are discussed in greater detail in the morphology section (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Also of note,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shatalkin, AI" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="127 - 134" title="A taxonomic analysis of the hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae). II." volume="54" year="1975">Shatalkin (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redefined
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Brachymyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymyia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachymyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
as representing the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Criorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Criorhina" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Criorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
which lack a ventral scutellar fringe and possess hypopleural pile. The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Brachymyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymyia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachymyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia metallica" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Sphecomyia metallica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, does not fit this generic definition as it has a ventral scutellar fringe and lacks hypopleural pile. Neither
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Criorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Criorhina berberina" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berberina">Criorhina berberina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1805) nor the other species Shatalkin combined with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Brachymyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymyia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachymyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
are closely related to the type. Definitions of other criorhinine genera might change after this work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |