473 lines
63 KiB
XML
473 lines
63 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="00DF7A72F09352F59E5AF6D64367B775"><strong> The Eurasian species of <em> Xyela </ em> (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B1BF659CACC119D9F94931F9DE2BEE79">Blank, Stephan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A34CF5EBE29148B2E11F4AB570810211">Shinohara, Akihiko</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="726550414135E9326BCDD6FFFB292681" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6412621" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194443948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6412621" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414135E9326BCDD6FFFB292681" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/726550414135E9326BCDD6FFFB292681" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4135E9316BCDD6FFFE0522D7" box="[151,466,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316BCDD6FFFE0522D7" blockId="29.[151,466,151,177]" box="[151,466,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="A13B563B4135E9316BCDD6FFFE0522D7" bold="true" box="[151,466,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316BCDD6FFFE0522D7" authority="Benson, 1938" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,466,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316BCDD6FFFE0522D7" bold="true" box="[151,466,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316BCDD6FFFEF022D7" bold="true" box="[151,295,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xyela curva</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64135E9316A74D6FFFE0522D7" author="Benson, R. B." box="[302,466,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="32 - 36" refId="ref66351" refString="Benson, R. B. (1938) European sawflies of the genus Xyela Dalman (sens. lat.) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B 7 (2), 32 - 36." type="journal article" year="1938">Benson, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4135E9316BCDD6B7FD152357" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316BCDD6B7FD562375" blockId="29.[151,1436,222,306]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DADCC6794135E9316BCDD6B7FD562375" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464135E9316BCDD6B7FE262292" author="Benson, R. B." box="[151,497,222,245]" page="36" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1938">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316BCDD6B7FE262292" authority="Benson, 1938: 35 - 36" authorityName="Benson" authorityPageNumber="35 - 36" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,497,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316BCDD6B7FEC62292" box="[151,273,223,245]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xyela curva</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64135E9316A4DD6B7FE262292" author="Benson, R. B." box="[279,497,222,244]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="32 - 36" refId="ref66351" refString="Benson, R. B. (1938) European sawflies of the genus Xyela Dalman (sens. lat.) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B 7 (2), 32 - 36." type="journal article" year="1938">Benson, 1938: 35–36</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E9316AA1D6B7FDD92292" box="[507,526,223,244]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<typeStatus id="25775FF54135E9316974D6B7FD8D2292" box="[558,602,223,244]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74135E93169E3D6B6FCD12292" box="[697,774,222,244]" name="Austria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Austria</collectingCountry>
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, Weissenbach an der Tristing [= Weissenbach on river Triesting].
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464135E9316BCDD695FE392375" author="Zombori, L." box="[151,494,253,275]" page="238" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1974">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316BCDD695FE392375" authority=": Zombori 1974: 238" authorityName=": Zombori" authorityPageNumber="238" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,494,253,275]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvae">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316BCDD695FECB2375" box="[151,284,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xyela curvae</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64135E9316A73D695FE392375" author="Zombori, L." box="[297,494,253,275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="237 - 242" refId="ref73452" refString="Zombori, L. (1974) A check-list of Symphyta from the Carpathian Basin (Hymenoptera). I. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, n. s. 27 (1), 237 - 242." type="journal article" year="1974">Zombori 1974: 238</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(misspelling).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316BCDD774FD152357" blockId="29.[151,1436,222,306]" box="[151,706,283,306]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316BCDD774FE7B2357" authority=": Schedl 1997" authorityName=": Schedl" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,428,283,306]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316BCDD774FECA2357" box="[151,285,284,306]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64135E9316A70D773FE7B2357" author="Schedl, W." box="[298,428,283,305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref71140" refString="Schedl, W. (1997) Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie und Biologie von Xyela curva Benson, 1938 (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Xyelidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 49, 37 - 40." type="journal article" year="1997">Schedl 1997</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: fig. 2b (misidentification).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4135E9316BCDD736FD9F24A2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316BCDD736FDE920F2" blockId="29.[150,1440,350,2029]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316BCDD736FEF62311" bold="true" box="[151,289,350,375]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description</emphasis>
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. Female. Color. Head yellow with brown and black pattern: two dark brown stripes along the frontal furrows meeting black ocellar and postocellar area and dark longitudinal spot in middle of frons always present; kidney-shaped spots on vertex usually separate from black postocellar area (
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316F48D7CEFBBD23D8" box="[1042,1130,422,446]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–65" captionStartId="70.[151,263,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-41@70.[151,1436,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261372/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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). Antennae dark brown to black, a little paler below. Thorax dorsally brown with pale pattern on pronotum, mesonotal lobes and mesoscutellum, tegulae pale, mesepisternum largely pale brown. Abdominal terga dark brown to brown, sterna often paler, lateral parts of terga 8 and 9+10 and hypopygium pale, valvifer 2 mostly dark brown, membrane between valvifer 2 and valvula 3 white, valvula 3 black or dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316893D45DFBCA202B" box="[969,1053,565,589]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–94" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1414,177,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-71@72.[151,1415,177,1915]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 86–94. Ovipositor sheath, sensilla pattern and sensilla plate (spl) at the apex of the ovipositor sheath. 86, Xyela helvetica. 87, X. longula, arrows indicate the modified hairs at apex of valvula 1. 88, X. lugdunensis. 89, X. meridionalis. 90–91, X. alpigena. 92–93, X. curva. 94, X. densiflorae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261376/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316F70D45DFB80202B" box="[1066,1111,565,589]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–120" captionStartId="74.[151,263,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@74.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 105–120. Ovipositor sheaths of Xyela species. All figures at same scale. Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261380/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">118</figureCitation>
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). Legs pale brown, posterior coxae pale, more or less their base and longitudinal ventro-lateral line dark. Wing membrane slightly infuscate, venation and pterostigma pale brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316B9DD4C8FACC26EE" blockId="29.[150,1440,350,2029]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Morphology. Fore wing
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<quantity id="3D344CB24135E9316A83D4C8FD8820DE" box="[473,607,672,696]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.95" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.7">4.7–5.2 mm</quantity>
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long, 2.15–2.30 times longer than ovipositor sheath, vein Rs+M 150–350 µm long, 2r-m meeting Rs proximal to furcation of Rs1 and Rs2 (
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E93168D5D4ACFC0020BA" box="[911,983,708,732]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–5" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,328,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-147@8.[151,1436,297,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2–5. Measurements and terminology of wing venation (see explanations on pp. 8–10). 2, Xyela rasnitsyni (paratype), ovipositor sheath (embedded in glycerine and therefore valvula 3 a little wider compared to dry, pinned specimens). 3, X. alpigena, penis valve. 4, X. curva, wings. 5, X. lugdunensis (paratype of X. nigroabscondita), fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261334/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). Synantennomere 3 780–930 µm long, antennomere 4 210–250 µm long and 6.5–7.5 times longer than wide distally. Article 3 of maxillary palp 530–630 µm long, 1.45–1.65 times longer than scape and about as wide as synantennomere 3. OOL: POL = 1.85–2.20: 1. Ovipositor sheath
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<quantity id="3D344CB24135E9316A3DD547FDDD2121" box="[359,522,815,839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.05" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="2.175" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.05">2.05–2.30 mm</quantity>
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long, valvula 3 1.50–1.70 times longer than valvifer 2 and 6.5–7.5 times longer than wide at basis (
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316A36D53BFE69210D" box="[364,446,851,875]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–94" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1414,177,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-71@72.[151,1415,177,1915]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 86–94. Ovipositor sheath, sensilla pattern and sensilla plate (spl) at the apex of the ovipositor sheath. 86, Xyela helvetica. 87, X. longula, arrows indicate the modified hairs at apex of valvula 1. 88, X. lugdunensis. 89, X. meridionalis. 90–91, X. alpigena. 92–93, X. curva. 94, X. densiflorae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261376/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316A93D53BFE21210D" box="[457,502,851,875]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–120" captionStartId="74.[151,263,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@74.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 105–120. Ovipositor sheaths of Xyela species. All figures at same scale. Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261380/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">118</figureCitation>
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). Valvula 3 of ovipositor sheath compressed in cross section, pale membranous area about as long as basal width of valvula 3, valvula 3 almost parallel-sided in basal and medial part, in distal part dorsal edge sloping down to round tip, sensilla field present and directed distad, with 7–8 setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316E6FD5F2FA5821D4" box="[1333,1423,922,946]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–94" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1414,177,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-71@72.[151,1415,177,1915]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 86–94. Ovipositor sheath, sensilla pattern and sensilla plate (spl) at the apex of the ovipositor sheath. 86, Xyela helvetica. 87, X. longula, arrows indicate the modified hairs at apex of valvula 1. 88, X. lugdunensis. 89, X. meridionalis. 90–91, X. alpigena. 92–93, X. curva. 94, X. densiflorae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261376/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ovipositor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316A45D5D6FEA821B0" box="[287,383,958,982]" captionStart="FIGURES 121–125" captionStartId="75.[151,263,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-57@75.[151,1436,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 121–125. Distal section of ovipositors. 121, Xyela longula. 122, X. alpigena. 123, X. occidentalis (paratype). 124, X. curva. 125, X. rasnitsyni (paratype). Arrowheads in Figs 123–124 indicate preapical small tooth on dorsal edge of valvula 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261384/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
|
||
) curved downwards. Valvula 1 of ovipositor compressed, aulax terminating preapically, with preapical small tooth, ventral edge sloping up to tip, with ca 13 oblique closely spaced annuli in distal 0.2, without serrulae, olistether with 7–9 setae. Left and right valvulae 2 fused along dorsal edge up to distal 0.1. Valvula 2 with dorsal margin engraved, abruptly tapering in distal 0.1 after an inconspicious widening, darker than valvula 1, in distal half with ca 13 mostly vertical annuli, in distal 0.4 with ca 13 evenly spaced sclerotizations each enclosing 1–2 sensilla campaniformia. Posterior tibia
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24135E9316925D218FCF626EE" box="[639,801,1136,1160]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.125" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.05">1.05–1.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, all claws with delicate subapical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316B9DD2FCFB0426B6" blockId="29.[150,1440,350,2029]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Male. Color. Similar to female (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316931D2FCFD6A26CA" box="[619,701,1172,1196]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–65" captionStartId="70.[151,263,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-41@70.[151,1436,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261372/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
for color pattern of head). Stripes along supraantennal furrows often smaller, antennae usually pale brown. Hypopygium and often preceding sterna pale brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316B9DD2B4FCBC24C6" blockId="29.[150,1440,350,2029]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Morphology. Fore wing 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24135E9316950D2B4FD882695" box="[522,607,1244,1268]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, Rs+M ca 110–200 µm long, 2r-m meeting Rs proximal to furcation of Rs1 and Rs2. Synantennomere 3 840–1,000 µm long, antennomere 4 280–350 µm long and 8.5–10.5 times longer than wide distally. Article 3 of maxillary palp 500–580 µm long, 1.35–1.55 times longer than scape and about as wide as synantennomere 3. OOL: POL = 1.65–2.00: 1. Longitudinal apodeme of basiparamere curved, basal portion in lateral position, harpe about as long as wide in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316F76D303FB0727E5" box="[1068,1232,1387,1411]" captionStart="FIGURES 146–156" captionStartId="78.[151,263,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-75@78.[151,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 146–156. Penis valves of Xyela species (X. julii group, part), and male external copulatory apparatus of Xyela in ventral and lateral view. 153–154, X. longula (penis valves removed). 155–156, X. curva (penis valves and volsellae removed). Legend: bpa—basiparamere, br—basal ring, gon—gonomacula, har—harpe, lap—lateral apodeme, vol—volsella. Figs 147, 150 and 152 reproduced from Blank et al. (2005)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261390/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 155–156</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lower ergot on valvular stalk present, usually erect. Valviceps (1.60–)1.75–1.85 times longer than wide on medial lobe, lateral lamella vertical with proximal edge convex and distal base concave, proximal lobe of penis valve 0.14–0.17(–0.19) times as long as valviceps and ca 0.95–1.00 times as high as medial lobe, excision on lower edge 0.15–0.21 as deep as width of medial lobe, valviceps on medial lobe 1.00–1.20 times wider than on distal lobe, 2 distal flagella present, tip of longer flagellum reaching 1.05–1.15(–1.25) width of distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24135E9316F17D075FB622453" box="[1101,1205,1565,1589]" captionStart="FIGURES 136–145" captionStartId="77.[151,263,1745,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-41@77.[151,1436,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 136–145. Penis valves of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. julii group (part). Figs 138–139 and 141 reproduced from Blank et al. (2005)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261388/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valviceps without median longitudinal sclerotization, medial lobe evenly rounded, with 8–12(–19) cone-like sensilla along proximal part of upper edge and of lateral surface, upper edge between medial and distal lobe with numerous setae. Posterior tibia 1.00–
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24135E9316A4AD0E0FEA524C6" box="[272,370,1672,1696]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.15">1.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, all claws with delicate subapical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316B9DD0C5FD9F24A2" blockId="29.[150,1440,350,2029]" box="[199,584,1708,1733]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316B9DD0C5FEE224A3" bold="true" box="[199,309,1709,1733]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Barcodes</emphasis>
|
||
. GUID
|
||
<specimenCode id="AA6A492C4135E9316ACAD0C4FDD324A2" box="[400,516,1708,1732]" collectionCode="AAQ" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">AAQ3776</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E931694ED0C4FDEF24A2" box="[532,568,1708,1732]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4135E9316B9DD0B8FCA62535" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316B9DD0B8FCA62535" blockId="29.[150,1440,350,2029]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316B9DD0B8FEB8248E" bold="true" box="[199,367,1743,1768]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4AA4EB0A4135E9316A24D0B8FA4E2549" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746410313" collectionCode="NMW" collectorName="B. Benson" county="Kolazy" determinerName="R. B. Benson" municipality="Weissenbach a. d. Tristing" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54135E9316A24D0B8FE31248E" box="[382,486,1744,1768]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E9316AAAD0B9FDD2248E" box="[496,517,1745,1768]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: [round label with red margin:] “Type”; “Weissenbach a. d. Tristing 5.83”; [leg.] “Kolazy”; “
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316A46D09CFE99256A" box="[284,334,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Julii</emphasis>
|
||
det. Konow”; “Holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E931692BD09CFD2F256A" authority="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer, 2013" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2013" box="[625,760,1780,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E931692BD09CFD2F256A" box="[625,760,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xyela curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D38B803E4135E93169A5D09CFC80256D" box="[767,855,1780,1803]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
♀ det.
|
||
<determinerName id="0FAF0D934135E93168F1D09CFB95256D" box="[939,1090,1780,1803]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. B. Benson</determinerName>
|
||
1937”; [red:] “Typus”; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316E06D09CFEE42549" authority="Benson" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316E06D09CFF002556" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xyela curva</emphasis>
|
||
Benson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀ det. S. M. Blank”. Left antenna, left middle and hind legs and ovipositor sheath missing.
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD79924135E9316E0AD170FA4E2549" box="[1360,1433,1816,1839]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">NMW</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4AA4EB0A4135E9316BCDD154FCB92535" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746410319" box="[151,878,1851,1876]" collectionCode="BMNH, NMW" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54135E9316BCDD154FEDF2532" box="[151,264,1852,1876]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E9316A49D153FEE22535" box="[275,309,1851,1875]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E9316A66D153FEB72535" box="[316,352,1851,1875]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD79924135E9316A37D154FE132535" box="[365,452,1852,1875]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD79924135E9316A8AD154FDC02535" box="[464,535,1852,1875]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">NMW</collectionCode>
|
||
(other
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54135E9316932D154FD042532" box="[616,723,1852,1876]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
not checked)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4135E9326B9DD10AFCDD2071" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574135E9316B9DD10AFC9C258B" blockId="29.[150,1440,350,2029]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316B9DD10AFE9F251C" bold="true" box="[199,328,1890,1914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54135E9316B9DD10AFF28251C" box="[199,255,1890,1914]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Host</collectingRegion>
|
||
plant
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316A03D10BFE20251C" box="[345,503,1890,1914]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cembra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316A03D10BFE20251C" box="[345,503,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pinus cembra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64135E9316976D10AFD6C251C" author="Liston, A. D." box="[556,699,1890,1914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref69610" refString="Liston, A. D. (1995) Compendium of European Sawflies. Chalastos Forestry, Daibersdorf / Gottfrieding, 190 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liston 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316989D10BFBF6251C" authority="Turra (Liston 1995)" authorityName="Turra (Liston" authorityYear="1995" box="[723,1057,1890,1914]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mugo">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316989D10BFCE3251C" box="[723,820,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. mugo</emphasis>
|
||
Turra (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64135E93168D0D10AFBCE251C" author="Liston, A. D." box="[906,1049,1890,1914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref69610" refString="Liston, A. D. (1995) Compendium of European Sawflies. Chalastos Forestry, Daibersdorf / Gottfrieding, 190 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liston 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F4135E9316F6AD109FBEE250F" attach="right" box="[1072,1081,1889,1897]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ο</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316F60D10BFA8E251C" authority="Poir" authorityName="Poir" box="[1082,1369,1890,1914]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="laricio">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316F60D10BFB41251C" box="[1082,1174,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316F8FD10AFAF7251C" box="[1237,1312,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">laricio</emphasis>
|
||
Poir
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316EDDD10BFDAE25C6" authority="(Loud.) Cesca et Peruzzi" authorityName="Cesca et Peruzzi" baseAuthorityName="Loud." class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laricio" subSpecies="calabrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316EDDD10BFE8225C6" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. laricio calabrica</emphasis>
|
||
(Loud.) Cesca et Peruzzi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64135E931684AD1E0FC4825C6" author="Turrisi, G. F." box="[784,927,1928,1952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="69 - 76" refId="ref72383" refString="Turrisi, G. F. (2007) Xyela curva Benson, 1938 (Hymenoptera Xyelidae), specie nuova per la fauna Siciliana. Il Naturalista siciliano: giornale di scienze naturali, 4. Ser., 31, 69 - 76." type="journal article" year="2007">Turrisi 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F4135E93168EFD1E0FC6925F6" attach="right" box="[949,958,1928,1936]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">●</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E93168E7D1E1FB1C25C6" authority="ssp. nigra Arn." authorityName="Arn." box="[957,1227,1928,1952]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E93168E7D1E1FC1C25C6" box="[957,971,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316881D1E1FBC025C6" box="[987,1047,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316F09D1E1FB4725C6" box="[1107,1168,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
Arn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E9316F86D1E0FADA25C6" box="[1244,1293,1928,1952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">17♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E9316E4CD1E0FA9025C6" box="[1302,1351,1928,1952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">34♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 6 reared samples),
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F4135E9316A0ED1C6FE8A25D0" attach="right" box="[340,349,1966,1974]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">●</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316A07D1D8FD6525A1" authority="Lamb." authorityName="Lamb." box="[349,690,1967,1991]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316A07D1D8FE6225A1" box="[349,437,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316AB6D1C7FDB525A1" box="[492,610,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
Lamb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E931699AD1C7FD2525A1" box="[704,754,1967,1991]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">22♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E93169A2D1C7FCFE25A1" box="[760,809,1967,1991]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">22♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 7 reared samples,
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4135E9316F6FD1C7FB5525A1" box="[1077,1154,1967,1991]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
identified by barcoding),
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F4135E9316BCCD1BDFF4825BB" attach="right" box="[150,159,2005,2013]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ο</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E9316BFAD1BEFE2F258B" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" box="[160,504,2005,2029]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="salzmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316BFAD1BEFF2E258B" box="[160,249,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E9316A6BD1BDFE7D258B" box="[305,426,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">salzmannii</emphasis>
|
||
Dunal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44135E931695ED1BEFD50258B" box="[516,647,2005,2029]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454135E931695ED1BEFD50258B" box="[516,647,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64135E93169EFD1BDFCE9258B" author="Benes, K." box="[693,830,2005,2029]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="121 - 126" refId="ref66320" refString="Benes, K. (1975) Sawflies new to fauna of Czechoslovakia (Hymenoptera Symphyta). Acta entomologica bohemoslovaca, 72 (2), 121 - 126." type="journal article" year="1975">Beneš 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574136E9326B9DD6FFFAA323E1" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326B9DD6FFFEC822D6" bold="true" box="[199,287,151,176]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. The flimsy, transparent cocoon was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326809D6FFFC2422C9" author="Schedl, W." box="[851,1011,151,175]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref71140" refString="Schedl, W. (1997) Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie und Biologie von Xyela curva Benson, 1938 (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Xyelidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 49, 37 - 40." type="journal article" year="1997">Schedl (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We have not been able to identify the mode of silk secretion unambiguously when observing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326852D6D5FCB022B2" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[776,871,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326852D6D5FCB022B2" box="[776,871,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae producing a cocoon below a pane of glass. The larvae make a cavity in the soil and cover its wall with cocoon material by repeatedly touching the surface with the stretched labio-maxillar complex and the chewing mandibles. Secretion of a liquid or a thread from the mouth or from the abdominal tip has not been observed, but possibly only a small amount of material is discharged. A histological or ultrastructural study is required to decide, whether labial glands or malpighian tubules of the larva produce the secretion during cocoon-spinning. For additional data on the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326F1DD719FB7123EE" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[1095,1190,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326F1DD719FB7123EE" box="[1095,1190,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326F82D707FAA723E1" author="Blank, S. M." box="[1240,1392,367,391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574136E9326B9DD7FBFCDD2071" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326B9DD7FBFE3823CA" bold="true" box="[199,495,403,428]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E932695FD7FCFD8D23CA" box="[517,602,404,428]" name="Austria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326937D7FCFD1923CA" box="[621,718,404,428]" name="Belgium" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E93269BED7FCFC2123CA" author="Liston, A. D. & Blank, S. M." box="[740,1014,404,428]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="219 - 227" refId="ref69634" refString="Liston, A. D. & Blank, S. M. (2006) New and little-known British Xyelidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 142, 219 - 227." type="journal article" year="2006">Liston & Blank, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326F4BD7FCFBB123CA" box="[1041,1126,404,428]" name="Croatia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326F23D7FCFAE123CA" box="[1145,1334,404,428]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326E13D7FCFA4F23CD" box="[1353,1432,404,427]" name="France" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326BCDD7DFFF2823A9" box="[151,255,439,463]" name="Germany" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326A54D7DFFDDD23A9" author="Blank, S. M. & Burger, F." box="[270,522,439,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="6 - 7" refId="ref66881" refString="Blank, S. M. & Burger, F. (1996) Bemerkenswerte Hymenopterenfunde aus Ostdeutschland (Hymenoptera, Symphyta und Aculeata). Beitrage der Hymenopterologen-Tagung, [1996], 6 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Blank & Burger 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326944D7DFFD6523A9" box="[542,690,439,463]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E932699BD7DFFC6A23A9" author="Liston, A. D. & Blank, S. M." box="[705,957,439,463]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="219 - 227" refId="ref69634" refString="Liston, A. D. & Blank, S. M. (2006) New and little-known British Xyelidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 142, 219 - 227." type="journal article" year="2006">Liston & Blank, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E932688BD7DFFBF423A9" box="[977,1059,439,463]" name="Greece" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326F75D7D0FB4523B6" box="[1071,1170,440,464]" name="Hungary" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326FC4D7DFFB0623A9" box="[1182,1233,439,463]" name="Italy" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(for records from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54136E9326BCDD7B4FF0F2392" box="[151,216,476,500]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326A57D7B4FE492392" author="Turrisi, G. F." box="[269,414,476,500]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="69 - 76" refId="ref72383" refString="Turrisi, G. F. (2007) Xyela curva Benson, 1938 (Hymenoptera Xyelidae), specie nuova per la fauna Siciliana. Il Naturalista siciliano: giornale di scienze naturali, 4. Ser., 31, 69 - 76." type="journal article" year="2007">Turrisi 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326AE9D7B4FDEA2392" box="[435,573,476,500]" name="Netherlands" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Slovakian Republic,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E932686DD7B4FCAE2392" box="[823,889,476,500]" name="Spain" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E93268DDD7B4FC002392" box="[903,983,476,500]" name="Turkey" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24136E93268B2D7B4FBEC2392" box="[1000,1083,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,1101,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-369@28.[151,1436,1097,1907]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Records of Xyela curva (480 specimens from 67 collection sites) and natural distribution of the host plant, Pinus nigra (solid line, combined from Meusel et al. 1965 and Barbéro et al. 1998). Additional record included for Sicily (Turrisi 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261344/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326F08D7B4FADB2392" author="Benson, R. B." box="[1106,1292,476,500]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="161 - 195" refId="ref66513" refString="Benson, R. B. (1961) The sawflies (Hymenoptera Symphyta) of the Swiss National Park and surrounding area. Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen im Schweizerischen Nationalpark, 7, 161 - 195." type="journal article" year="1961">Benson’s (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326BCDD797FECA2071" box="[151,285,511,535]" name="Switzerland" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
is a misidentication of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E932696CD469FD78207E" baseAuthorityName="Strobl" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[566,687,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E932696CD469FD78207E" box="[566,687,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4136E9326B9DD44CFB292681" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574136E9326B9DD44CFE4B2172" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326B9DD44CFEE3205A" bold="true" box="[199,308,548,572]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326AC6D44CFDF4205A" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[412,547,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326AC6D44CFDF4205A" box="[412,547,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Xyela curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E932699FD44DFC8C205A" authorityName="Maa" authorityYear="1949" box="[709,859,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E932699FD44DFC8C205A" box="[709,859,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. exilicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but have a longer ovipositor, and the pale and dark pattern of valvula 2 is more extensive. The ventral excision of the valviceps is round in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326FCBD421FB242006" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[1169,1267,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326FCBD421FB242006" box="[1169,1267,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but angular in other representatives of the group. In females from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326983D404FCFB20E2" box="[729,812,620,644]" name="Austria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326838D404FC1D20E2" box="[866,970,620,644]" name="Germany" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
the dark stripes along the frontal furrows are usually wider than the kidney-shaped spots, and sometimes the frontal area becomes diffuse brown, whereas in Greek and the, palest, Turkish specimens the stripes may be as small as the diameter of an ocellus and the frontal area predominantly yellow. The generally paler males exhibit a similar geographic variation of the dark pattern of the face as the females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574136E9326B9DD577FEBE2119" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
A complete barcoding sequence was obtained for three imagines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E93268AED549FB8E215E" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[1012,1113,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E93268AED549FB8E215E" box="[1012,1113,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimens display an intraspecific variation of 1.40 % and are placed at an interspecific distance of 11.29 % to the next neighbor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326EDED52DFF2E21E6" authorityName=": Taeger" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpigena">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326EDED52DFF2E21E6" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. alpigena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24136E9326A52D50FFE8C2119" box="[264,347,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,200,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-389@67.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 23. Barcoding analysis of Xyela species. The tree is primarily based on specimens for which COI sequences longer than 600 bp and including less than three ambigous nucleotides could be obtained. Some shorter sequences have been added to associate sexes or larvae with imagines. Each specimen is labelled as follows: “Xyela ...”—species name; “DEIGISHym ...”—unique identification number of specimen in DEI collection; “Male / Female”—sex, larva if no sex is indicated; e.g., “661” / “603” / “658” ...—base pairs [bp] sequence length; “[0n] / [1n] / [2n]”—0–2 ambiguous nucleotides included in sequence; e.g., “Austria, Karnten [= Kärnten, Carinthia]”—country and province of origin of specimen; “BOLD: ...”—globally unique identifier (GUID). The label “Xyela 005 P. sabiniana sp.” refers to larvae obtained from Pinus sabiniana which here are identified as X. bakeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261368/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574136E9326B9DD5E4FC6B21A1" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54136E9326BA1D5E4FEFC21C2" box="[251,299,908,932]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material corresponds well with our concept of the species. Males and females have been associated by means of extensive material either reared or swept from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326868D5D8FC6221A1" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[818,949,944,967]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326868D5D8FC6221A1" box="[818,949,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574136E9326B9DD5BCFB292681" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Imagines were reared several times from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E93269ECD5BDFC68218A" authority="ssp. nigra" box="[694,959,980,1004]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E93269ECD5BDFCE8218A" box="[694,831,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E93268D8D5BDFC68218A" box="[898,959,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E93268B7D5BCFBE8218A" box="[1005,1087,980,1004]" name="Austria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326FDAD5BCFB3E218A" box="[1152,1257,980,1004]" name="Germany" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326E2BD5BCFEDA2676" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326BCDD590FEDA2676" box="[151,269,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326A6AD59FFEA82669" box="[304,383,1015,1039]" name="Greece" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326AEFD59FFDD42669" box="[437,515,1015,1039]" name="Turkey" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
. For a larva extracted from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326860D591FB972676" box="[826,1088,1016,1040]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326860D591FC452669" box="[826,914,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326890D590FB972676" box="[970,1088,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a short COI sequence (282 bp) could be obtained. The barcoding analysis placed this larva in the cluster of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326F5FD275FBB12652" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[1029,1126,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326F5FD275FBB12652" box="[1029,1126,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24136E9326F2DD274FB1B2652" box="[1143,1228,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,200,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-389@67.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 23. Barcoding analysis of Xyela species. The tree is primarily based on specimens for which COI sequences longer than 600 bp and including less than three ambigous nucleotides could be obtained. Some shorter sequences have been added to associate sexes or larvae with imagines. Each specimen is labelled as follows: “Xyela ...”—species name; “DEIGISHym ...”—unique identification number of specimen in DEI collection; “Male / Female”—sex, larva if no sex is indicated; e.g., “661” / “603” / “658” ...—base pairs [bp] sequence length; “[0n] / [1n] / [2n]”—0–2 ambiguous nucleotides included in sequence; e.g., “Austria, Karnten [= Kärnten, Carinthia]”—country and province of origin of specimen; “BOLD: ...”—globally unique identifier (GUID). The label “Xyela 005 P. sabiniana sp.” refers to larvae obtained from Pinus sabiniana which here are identified as X. bakeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261368/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326FB9D275FF35263E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="laricio">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326FB9D275FABE2652" box="[1251,1385,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326BCDD228FF35263E" box="[151,226,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">laricio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326A44D228FE1C263E" box="[286,459,1088,1112]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="salzmannii">
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326A08D228FE1C263E" box="[338,459,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">salzmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are additionally supposed to be hosts due to geographical coincidence of these pine subspecies with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326A0ED20DFE61261A" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[340,438,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326A0ED20DFE61261A" box="[340,438,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74136E9326913D20CFDAB261A" box="[585,636,1124,1148]" name="Italy" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
and on the Iberian Peninsula (differentiation of subspecies following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326BCDD2EFFEA326F9" author="Barbero, M. & Loisel, R. & Quezel, P. & Richardson, D. M. & Romane, F." box="[151,372,1159,1183]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="153 - 170" refId="ref66168" refString="Barbero, M., Loisel, R., Quezel, P., Richardson, D. M. & Romane, F. (1998) Pines of the Mediterranean Basin. In: Richardson, D. M. (ed.) Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne and Madrid, pp. 153 - 170 [paperback edition, 2000]." type="journal article" year="1998">Barbéro et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326AD2D2EFFDC826F9" author="Benes, K." box="[392,543,1159,1183]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="121 - 126" refId="ref66320" refString="Benes, K. (1975) Sawflies new to fauna of Czechoslovakia (Hymenoptera Symphyta). Acta entomologica bohemoslovaca, 72 (2), 121 - 126." type="journal article" year="1975">Beneš (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E93269D6D2E1FCC626C6" box="[652,785,1160,1184]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E93269D6D2E1FCC626C6" box="[652,785,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This should be deleted, because there is no indication of rearing.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326BA4D2C4FE6226A2" author="Liston, A. D." box="[254,437,1196,1220]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref69610" refString="Liston, A. D. (1995) Compendium of European Sawflies. Chalastos Forestry, Daibersdorf / Gottfrieding, 190 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liston’s (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326909D2C5FD1A26A2" box="[595,717,1196,1220]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cembra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326909D2C5FD1A26A2" box="[595,717,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. cembra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326842D2C5FCAB26A2" authorityName="Turra (Liston" authorityYear="1995" box="[792,892,1197,1220]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mugo">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326842D2C5FCAB26A2" box="[792,892,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. mugo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most likely based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64136E9326F83D2C4FA4C26A2" author="Benson, R. B." box="[1241,1435,1196,1220]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="161 - 195" refId="ref66513" refString="Benson, R. B. (1961) The sawflies (Hymenoptera Symphyta) of the Swiss National Park and surrounding area. Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen im Schweizerischen Nationalpark, 7, 161 - 195." type="journal article" year="1961">Benson’s (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326A20D2B9FE0E268E" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[378,473,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326A20D2B9FE0E268E" box="[378,473,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(actually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44136E9326913D2B9FD15268E" baseAuthorityName="Strobl" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[585,706,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454136E9326913D2B9FD15268E" box="[585,706,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24136E932684AD2A7FCBB2681" box="[784,876,1231,1255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1800.0">1,800 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude in the Swiss National Park.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |